UNITROL-F EXCITATION SYSTEM UNITROL

Diode Failure Monitoring

UNS 0864a-P, V.1
Data sheet

FEATURES
• Monitoring of defective rotating diodes in the exciter circuit IACT SCF

• Sub-board, can be plugged onto UNS 1860 signal processing ALARM

board
• Adjustable level for triggering of alarm signal in f(IACT)
TRIP
• Adjustable level for triggering of trip signal in f(IACT)
• Frequency divider adjustable using DIL switch
• Delay time adjustable using DIL switch
• Adjustment of band pass filter proportional to speed
• Adjustable bandwidth, 8th order

SHORT DESCRIPTION
The diode failure monitoring is used with brushless excitater machines for monitoring the rotating
diodes.
The device evaluates the alternating current induced in the field circuit of the exciter in the event of
a fault in the rotating rectifier.
The ALARM is triggered in the event of a broken branch in the rotating exciter.
The TRIP is triggered in the event of a branch short-circuit in the rotating exciter.
The frequency of the induced alternating current corresponds to the exciter machine frequency fE.

Network
UNITROL-F
U

IACT

Rotating
Converter
rectifier
Ie

Field breaker
SM
fE fSM

Issued: Document Format Language Page No. of

Rev.
a c 95-08-07 pages
Rev. Check 1:
b d
Department 1 Department 2
e Check 2: TA A4 E 1 13
Der. from / Repla.: Released:

IAEG Replaced by: HIEE 422025 E

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES ................................................................................................................................... 1
SHORT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................. 1

1. DEVICE BLOCK DIAGRAM........................................................................................ 3

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 3
2.1 Schematic Diagram................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Definition of Signal Names...................................................................................... 4
2.3 Selective Filter ........................................................................................................ 4
2.4 Trigger Level........................................................................................................... 4
2.5 Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 5
2.6 Function Range....................................................................................................... 5
3. CONFIGURATION ...................................................................................................... 6
4. COMMISSIONING AND FUNCTION CHECK ............................................................. 6
5. TECHNICAL DATA ..................................................................................................... 7
5.1 Power Supply.......................................................................................................... 7
5.1.1 Supply Voltages ................................................................................................. 7
5.1.2 Current Consumption ......................................................................................... 7
5.2 Input Values............................................................................................................ 7
5.2.1 Exciter Current ................................................................................................... 7
5.2.2 Test Signal DFRTEST ....................................................................................... 7
5.2.3 Clock Signal CLKPLLVCO................................................................................. 7
5.3 Output Values ......................................................................................................... 8
5.3.1 Response Signals DALARM, DTRIP ................................................................. 8
5.4 Setting Values......................................................................................................... 8
5.4.1 Frequency Divider .............................................................................................. 8
5.4.2 Trigger Level: ALARM ........................................................................................ 9
5.4.3 Trigger Level: TRIP ............................................................................................ 9
5.4.4 Delay Time t set ............................................................................................... 10
5.4.5 IACT Filter ........................................................................................................ 10
5.5 Transfer Values .................................................................................................... 10
5.5.1 Frequency Range SC Filter .............................................................................. 10
5.5.2 Frequency Range Trigger Level Filter (reference value).................................. 11
5.6 Environmental Values ........................................................................................... 11
5.6.1 Permissible Temperature Range ...................................................................... 11
5.6.2 Climatic Stability ............................................................................................... 11
5.6.3 Mechanical Stability.......................................................................................... 11
5.6.4 EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) ............................................................... 11
5.6.5 Altitude of Installation ....................................................................................... 11
5.6.6 Protection Means ............................................................................................. 11
5.7 Reliability .............................................................................................................. 12
6. CONSTRUCTION DATA ........................................................................................... 12
6.1 Dimensions ........................................................................................................... 12
6.2 Weight .................................................................................................................. 12
6.3 Operating and Configuration Elements ................................................................. 12
6.4 Connectors ........................................................................................................... 12
6.5 Location of Control Elements ................................................................................ 13
7. ORDERING INFORMATION ..................................................................................... 13

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1. DEVICE BLOCK DIAGRAM

(see operating instructions)

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 Schematic Diagram

DFRTEST
X24:16
700 Hz
IACT SC
X24:15 60 ms DALARM
2.4Hz X24:13
CLK
R1001

R1002

CLKPLLVCO
X24:11 +15V f divider X24:14
50..500ms
X24:10
R1003 Offset 20mV fE set
X24:9 ZA S15 31...300Hz
7
S1 ALARM
X24:8 DIL-Sw
0
X24:7 -15V R1004 1s
60ms DTRIP
t 0
X24:6 7 TRIP X24:12
S11
DIL-Sw
X24:5 +5V 0
Offset 50mV
X24:4 t set
S12 0.15...1.4s
X24:3 GND

X24:2

X24:1 UNS 0864a-P

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2.2 Definition of Signal Names

Signal name I/O Description
DFRTEST Input Diode failure monitoring: test signal
Input signal to test response by means of f-generator.
IACT Input Excitation current of the rotating exciter
Records the field current of the exciter machine on the
AC side of the converter
If the diodes are short-circuited, harmonics are
superimposed on this current
CLKPLLVCO Input Clock for SC filter
DALARM Output Signals an alarm, i.e. broken branch
The sensitivity is set using DIL switch S1
DTRIP Output Signals a trip, i.e. branch short-circuit
The sensitivity is set using DIL switch S11

2.3 Selective Filter

A selective band pass filter of the eighth order, designed with a switched capacitor filter (SC) filters
the frequency which is to be evaluated out of the exciter current signal. This is identical to the
exciter machine frequency fE. This filtering-out is necessary in order to prevent a false response in
the event of 2-phase short-circuits or earth faults by the synchronous machine. At the same time,
this filter suppresses other harmonics in the exciter current which, for example, are caused by the
converter itself. The SC filter is controlled by a clock pulse which is generated in a VCO and thus
corresponds exactly to the machine frequency or rotational speed. The mid-frequency of the band
pass filter is thus always adjusted to fE. This guarantees correct function over a wide frequency
range from 20 ... 200 % fn. Since the number of pole pairs in the exciter machine is usually greater
than or equal to the number of pole pairs in the generator, the nominal clock frequency of the SC
filter must be set. This is achieved by means of a frequency divider, adjustable with the 4-pole DIL
switch S15. This allows exciter machines in the frequency range of 30 ... 300 Hz to be monitored.

2.4 Trigger Level

Since the amplitude of the induced ripple signal is proportional to the exciter current of the
generator, the trigger levels of the signals DALARM and DTRIP can be derived from the actual
current value IACT of the exciter machine. For this purpose, the IACT signal is first prepared
through a low pass filter; the time constant of this filter must correspond to the exciter time
constant. The filter time constant can be set using R1001/R1002.

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2.5 Evaluation
In the event of a fault, a distinction can be made, from the amplitude of the induced ripple signal,
between broken connection (diodes with fuses) and short-circuit in a rectifier branch. In the event
of broken connection, the DALARM signal is generated, the generator can continue to be operated
on the network. A large relative ripple current is interpreted as a short-circuit. The DTRIP signal is
generated and, in order to prevent internal damage, the generator must be disconnected from the
network as quickly as possible. The DTRIP signal directly controls the EXCITATION TRIP relay,
which ensures immediate shutdown. At the same time, the DTRIP signal is processed in the
software. The DALARM signal is used in the software to start an alarm timer.

2.6 Function Range

[mV] Upk Short-circuit

Upk
URef Upk: Ripple signal amplitude
URef: Trigger level
1200 Ref DTRIP

Gradient adjustable with S11

Upk Broken connection

Ref DALARM

50 Gradient adjustable with S1

20
Ie
Ien

Function limit by broken connection

Function limit by short-cicuit

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3. CONFIGURATION
Positioning of the sub-board
The sub-board UNS 0864a-P, V1 is to be plugged onto the basic board UNS 1860a-P at connector
X24 and fixed in place using the screws provided.
Adjustment elements
See section 5.4 for adjustment elements

X14
S401 S402 Signal Processing UNS 1860
X17

Power System Stabilizing UNS 0865

X25

X24

S15 X5

R1001
R1002
R1004
Diode Failure Monitoring UNS 0864
S12
R1003

S11 S1
15 16 17

X3 X1

X4 X2

4. COMMISSIONING AND FUNCTION CHECK

The function of the diode failure monitoring can only be checked in connection with the entire
system in operation. The procedure is described in the operating instructions, UNITROL-F.
The UNS 0864a-P is not accessible from the front; measurements on the sub-board are not
required.

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5. TECHNICAL DATA

5.1 Power Supply

5.1.1 Supply Voltages

The voltage supply for the UNS 0864 is taken from the base board UNS 1860a-P via plug X24.
Us2 (X24:10 - X24:11) + 15 VDC ± 5 %
Us3 (X24:6 - X24:7) - 15 VDC ± 5 %
Us4 (X24:4 - X24:5) + 5 VDC ± 5 %

5.1.2 Current Consumption

Is2 ≤ 20 mADC
Is3 ≤ 20 mADC
Is4 ≤ 20 mADC

5.2 Input Values

5.2.1 Exciter Current

Actual value at converter nominal current 3 V eff
Linear transmission 0 ... 10 V
Input resistance 22 kOhm

5.2.2 Test Signal DFRTEST

Input voltage range - 10 ... + 10 VDC
Input resistance 22 kOhm

5.2.3 Clock Signal CLKPLLVCO

Input voltage logic "0" 0 ... 0.8 VDC
Input voltage logic "1" 2 V ... Us4+0.3 VDC

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5.3 Output Values

5.3.1 Response Signals DALARM, DTRIP

Output voltage logic "0" (HCMOS-level) 0 VDC
Output voltage logic "1" (HCMOS-level) 5 VDC

5.4 Setting Values

5.4.1 Frequency Divider

DIL switch Setting Relative Exciter Exciter Exciter
S15 No. divider pole pairs frequency fE frequency fE
position 50 Hz systems 60 Hz systems
4 3 2 1
x x x x 1 5/8 5n/8 31.25 37.5
x x x - 2 2/3 2n/3 33.33 40
x x - x 3 5/7 5n/7 35.714 42.857
x x - - 4 3/4 3n/4 37.5 45
x - x x 5 4/5 4n/5 40 48
x - x - 6 5/6 5n/6 41.66 50
x - - x 7 1 1n 50 60
x - - - 8 5/4 5n/4 62.5 75
- x x x 9 4/3 4n/3 66.66 80
- x x - 10 3/2 3n/2 75 90
- x - x 11 5/3 5n/3 83.33 100
- x - - 12 2 2n (∗) 100 120
- - x x 13 7/3 7n/3 116.66 140
- - x - 14 3 3n 150 180
- - - x 15 4 4n 200 240
- - - - 16 5 5n 250 300
x = closed
- = open
n = number of pole pairs of the synchronous machine
(*) In order to prevent a false response of the monitoring of 2-phase short-circuits and earth faults
by the synchronous machine, exciter machines with twice the nominal frequency of the
synchronous machine should preferably not be used. If this is nevertheless the case, then the
trigger levels for DALARM and DTRIP should be set higher, or false response is to be expected in
the event of asymmetrical load and 2-phase short-circuit!

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5.4.2 Trigger Level: ALARM

U Ref ALARM = 3V ∗ Ien / I Conv Nom ∗ 1kΩ / (R1003+R1) + 20mV

S1: Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
of closed contacts
R1: [Ω] 47k 23.5k 15.66k 11.75k 9.4k 7.83k 6.7k 5.87k

Conditions
len: Nominal excitation current of the exciter machine
I Conv Nom: Nominal current of the converter
Default configuration: R1003 = 2.2 kΩ
Default setting S1: 2 switches (1+2) closed
The number of closed contacts is decisive, not the no. of the contacts

5.4.3 Trigger Level: TRIP

U Ref TRIP = 3V ∗ Ien / I Conv Nom ∗ 1kΩ / (R1004+R11) + 50mV

S11: Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
of closed contacts
R11: [Ω] 10k 5k 3.3k 2.5k 2k 1.66k 1.43k 1.25k

Conditions
len: Nominal excitation current of the exciter machine
I Conv Nom: Nominal current of the converter
Default configuration: R1004 = 1 kΩ
Default setting S11: 2 switches (1+2) closed
The number of closed contacts is decisive, not the no. of the contacts

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5.4.4 Delay Time t set

Adjustable using DIL switch S12
Setting to 2 ... 5 x Td" of the exciter machine

S12: Contact Delay time

No. closed t set [s]
all open 1.39
1 1.24
2 1.08
3 0.93
4 0.77
5 0.62
6 0.46
7 0.31
8 0.15

Where several contacts are closed, the highest contact no. is always dominant.

5.4.5 IACT Filter

(equivalent to the exciter time constant TE)
TE [s] R1001//R1002 ∗ 10 µF
R1001//R1002 (parallel) TE[s] / 10 µF

5.5 Transfer Values

5.5.1 Frequency Range SC Filter

F(p) = F1(p) ∗ F2(p) ∗F3(p) ∗ F4(p)

p / ωg ∗ Q
Fx(p) = Vo ∗ 
1 + p / ωg ∗ Q + (p/ωg)2

Stage (x) Vo fg Q
1 -1 94.5 37.9
2 -8.75 105.7 37.9
3 -1.85 97.7 15.7
4 -1.8 102.3 15.7

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5.5.2 Frequency Range Trigger Level Filter (reference value)

1
F (p) =  ; To = R1001//R1002 ∗ 10 µF
(1 + p To)

5.6 Environmental Values

5.6.1 Permissible Temperature Range

Keeping technical data 0 ... + 55 °C
Operable within range 0 ... + 70 °C
Storage temperature - 25 ... + 85 °C

5.6.2 Climatic Stability

in accordance with
IEC 68-2-1 0 °C
IEC 68-2-2 70 °C
IEC 68-2-3 21 days
at (relative humidity) 93 +2/-3 %

5.6.3 Mechanical Stability

• Vibration in accordance with IEC 68-2-6 10 ... 150 Hz
Acceleration 2 g in each axis
• Earthquake test according to IEEE-STD 344 1...33 Hz
Acceleration 5 g in each axis
• Shock test according to IEC 68-2-29 ≤ 10 g
Maximum pulse rate 1'000

5.6.4 EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)

• Radiated Interference Immunity
according to IEC 801-3, class 3 10 V/m
27 ... 1'000 MHz
• Fast Transient Immunity
according to IEC 801-4 500 Vpk

5.6.5 Altitude of Installation

according to IEC 68-2-13 max. 2000 meters above sea-level

5.6.6 Protection Means

according to DIN 40050 IP 00

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5.7 Reliability
Failure rate 679 FIT
Condition: GB, 40oC

6. CONSTRUCTION DATA

6.1 Dimensions
Printed circuit board (L x W x H) 81.3 x 101.6 x 10 [mm]

6.2 Weight
Mass 50 g

6.3 Operating and Configuration Elements

S15: DIL switch 4 - fold fE set Frequency divider
S12: DIL switch 8 - fold t set Delay time
S1: DIL switch 8 - fold ALARM level
S11: DIL switch 8 - fold TRIP level
R1003 ALARM level
R1004 TRIP level
R1001/R1002 Excitation time constant

6.4 Connectors
X24: Pin Signal Function Signal
designation designation flow
1 0V Digital ground
2 0V Digital ground
3 0V Digital ground
4 5V +5V supply
5 5V +5V supply
6 N15V -15V supply
7 N15V -15V supply
8 ZA Analog ground
9 ZA Analog ground
10 15V +15V supply
11 15V +15V supply
12 DTrip Trip Out
13 DAlarm Alarm Out
14 CLKPLLVCO "Switched capacitor filter clock" In
15 IACT Exciter current of exciter In
16 DFRTEST Diode failure relay test signal In

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6.5 Location of Control Elements

X24

LSB
1
S15
4
LSB

R1001
1

R1002
S12
4

R1004
R1003
M SB
8

open = 0
close = 1
S11 S1

1 4 8 1 4 8
LSB MSB LSB MSB

7. ORDERING INFORMATION
Order number: UNS 0864a-P, V.1 HIEE 405163 R1

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