02.

Speech Elements 詞類［cilei］

06. Stative Verbs［Adjectives］狀態動詞 ［zhuangtai dongci］形容詞［xingrongci］

Stative verbs 狀態動詞［zhuangtai dongci］

They form a compound of two characters of various forms［see chart below］with a combined comparative meaning used to describe something else 恐怖 > 他喜歡看恐怖電影。

They are frequently translated as adjectives, even though they actually behave in Chinese as verbs. That is, the sense of“to be”is already incorporated into these verbs

》這個很好。［This is good］It would be ungrammatical to place the verb 是“to be”directly in front of a stative verb.

> They describe a often stative activity of a noun 名詞［mingci］relating to a person, object or condition but not another verb.

> They differ from transitive verbs 行為動詞［xingwei dongci］which directly introduces an action > 我問問題。

> They differ from the verb-object construction 動賓結構［dongbin jiegou］which act as self-descriptive verb-phrases 動賓詞組［dongbin cizu］

that can often be separated 吃飯 > 我吃很多飯。 ［See the verb-object and binominal sections for further information.］

> Stative verbs can consist of a single character 小，大，熱 ，冷，長，短， 長，進 > 這座大樓很大。

> Stative verbs can form a compound of two characters.

Stative Verb Compound Combinations

Verb ＋ Noun 動詞＋名詞 害人 害 ［harm］＋ 人 ［person］ ＝ Cause trouble / harm people

Verb ＋ Verb 動詞＋動詞 可愛 可 ［can］＋ 愛 ［love］ ＝ Lovable / lovely

Noun ＋ Verb 名詞＋動詞 厲害 厲 ［harsh］＋ 害 ［harm］ ＝ Terrible / amazing

Adverb ＋ Stative Verb 副詞 ＋ 狀態動詞 不行 不 ［no］＋ 行 ［alright］ ＝ Be no good / not permitted

Stative Verb ＋ Stative Verb 狀態動詞 ＋ 狀態動詞 漂亮 漂 ［elegant］＋ 亮 ［light］ ＝ Beautiful

Verb ＋ Bound Form 動詞 ＋ 聯合式［lianheshi］ 鬧騰 鬧 ［noise］＋ 騰 ［soar］ ＝ Disturb

Bound Form ＋ Stative Verb 聯合式 ＋ 狀態動詞 奇怪 奇［strange］＋ 怪［strange］ ＝ Strange ［alt 擴大［ kuoda］］

Bound Form ＋ Bound Form 聯合式 － 聯合式 乾淨 乾 ［do］淨 ＋［clean］ ＝ Clean

Stative Verb ＋ Bound Form 狀態動詞 ＋ 聯合式 大夫 大 ［senior］＋ 夫 ［man］ ＝ Senior official ［feudal China］

Stative verbs perform the following key functions:

> They can express the form and characteristics of people, objects or mode of an action 》我生氣。［I am angry］

> They can be further modified by adverbs 副詞［fuci］placed in front 》我非常難過。》這個東西十分貴重。

> They can be directly negated 》這不好。［this is not good］

> They may serve as adverbs to other actions 》慢慢吃。認真得寫。

> They can be used in affirmative 肯定［kending］negative 否定［fouding］questions 》 那雙筷子你敢不敢用？

> Some can be repeated to intensify their degree 》她的頭髮是長長的。

> They can be used in front of verbs to act as abverbial adjuncts 》他熱情地接待我們。
 The adverbial adjunct 壯語［Zhuangyu］is􏰑情地［reqing］and the verb is 接［jie］

> They can directly function as predicates 謂語 》他個子高。

The subject 主語［Zhuyu］is 他個子 (his height) the predicate 謂語［weiyu］is 高 which is also a stative verb. ［the adverb 很 can also be added］

> In general, a monosyllabic 單音詞［danyinci］stative verb can directly modify another word 》白天。 冷天

> To emphasize the modification the structural particle 結構助詞［jiegou zhuci］的 can be used 》很冷的天氣。

> When a dissyllabic 雙音詞［shuangyinci］stative verb modifies a monosyllabic 單音詞［danyinci］noun 的 must be used 》漂亮的花。

> When a dissyllabic stative verb modifies a dissyllabic noun 的 is optional 》漂亮［的］地方。