TOPICS COVERED BY THE MATHEMATICS APTITUDE TEST FOR ADMISSION AND PLACEMENT 1. Real manber 2. Polynomials 3. Inequalities 4, Absolte Values 5. Funotions 5. Applications (1) Areas, wohumes, weights 2. Applications (2): Ratio ané propenions, percentages 8, Problan Solsing Strategies > “The detalled topics and some examples are provided on the following pages. Mathematics Topics Page 1TOPICS COVERED BY THE MATHEMATICS PLACEMENT TEST 1, REAL NUMBERS Avaumber ofthe form }, «bE R, 60 is called a fraction, and only if ad = be. Properties of Fractions yeep oxo 2 @)G)=8 9 ()+()=e ae ad 5) f-9= Ge 8 =f F9s H-B-2-@)@)-38-¢ Bepenente: We define for ne W, 2" = z.rs-+.3, where the factor x occurs n times. = iy called the base and 1 is the exponent, Laws of exponents if pia,r€ Z, then @ @eta arn Gi) yaar (i) (ab =v where a and b ze rel numbers suc thal the above expestons are defined. Example (sry (av = (0-07) x ( g2) =o - & Mandeatyit anit, nin odd aes {hese ass afm (at) or oP = (ert. Example ist = (26t)* ash = (0)! = aesep! = 64. =o Definition: In € 2* aad b€ R such that bE € R then we define YE Propertios af radicals a,8€ Randm,n €W Mathematics Topics Page 2@) (=a (i) Vab= yar (i) =F Hh niseven (i) a-{K foe tv) Y¥a= wa Example Simply () VIR+ VB = VON) + VON = VAS + VERVE = 25 4 SVI= NS na _ (@yte) i) e Ve 7 Example Rationaize the denominator 352g 22 vi-vi_, (V8-v8) _ vive _ aia Fae 2. POLYNOMIALS Definition:- 2 polynomial fs aa expression ix the form gs" agg t tae tay ‘where the a's are real numbers and n is a non negative integer. The e's are called the coeficent ofthe polynomial, aad n the degre ofthe pslynemiel. ‘Examples (0), VF feaot a polynomial since v% = ef and 2 ist « positive iaterer @) ee Bis first degree pelynomial in 2. Factor Formulas Poa! = (2-ayete) Aiference of two sques Bod = (2-0)( terte!) idence two cubes tal = (zta)(c!-es+e?) Sumef two cubes (ete) = stk tar¢a? (ete)? = siSex" +3072 s 0% Rational Expressions Definition:- Arational expeession ie an expression of the form £4} where P(x) and (=) are polysumtals Examples Mathematics Topics Page 3Reduced form: a rational expression is ix reduced form if ts mutnezator and deaome inator have no (aontrivial) common factor. For example, 45 isin reduced form, but isnot, since Peis” werd Ft ‘To reduce a rational expression, we factor mumositac aad denomiaator and divide out, or cancel common factor. Examples (24 9iet2) 242 a Ete @ iG = pO EE “ie HED e— @ eet? 49 beh" Solving equations 1) Tineareasation: ar+5=0, 0 #0 Example () se43-0% 2=-2 ) pia why mat by Le = 4) r42eHe-2)-62 oes “) (Gince x cannot = ~2 in the anginal equation, = the equation bas no soletoa, (c= ~2is called aa extraneous solution). 2) Quadratic Equation [An equation ofthe form az? 4-6: +.cu 0, a yO called « quad Methods for solving Mathematics Topics Page +(i) Factoring (if) Completing the squace Note: ifab=0- either a= 00rd =0. example of completing the square Quadratic formula fi) Solve x 422=4 4d Leds (fake half the coafBeient of Gt and add it to both sides) ttimtyS re-live Quadratic Formula ier +orte=0 thoes 3, INEQUALITIES Propertis : let a,bye€ R (i) facbandéccthaacc (i) ife, then eo-< de, (o) ifacb, nde, thesac> ic (ui) fact, and ab>0, then >} (vif) f0 ,2 antify similar properties to the above Liar equality: Example Sle te-u ets deozcSenl wei <8 Soltion set is = (20,8) Quadratic Inequality Example Salve Sete P-3:-10>0 (e=5e4+2)>9 Mathematics Topics Pages5 = = + 742 = (e-oeey bo te 5 Solution Set $= (—00, ~2) U(8,00) Ratlocal Inequality Example Solve > = Ste +1) ma" ‘The selution eet is $ =(—8,—1) U (5,50) LARSON. Bit Detinitir w ndieea vai =|) Properties of absolute value: let @ and b be real numbers. () [lo @) |- al = |e] (8) [a8] = Heli) ) fg = bh OO (v) Jal = bif and caly if = 6 or a= —5 (vil fol 0) (ii) fa > Bi and only if s> Bac a<—b (vit) ~ Jal B is a rule that assigns to each clement in A exactly one element in B. "The set 4. called the domain of f. Operations oa Functions Let f and g be two functions with domains Dy and D, respectively, Then Dyay = Dyoa = Dtg = D)M Dy and Dg = {e12 € Dy Dy a) #0 Composition of Fonetions Given two fanctioas f and g, the composition of f and g (written fog) is defined (too) = fst) Example Given’ Wem giy wk eye cy td fog et i ain Mathematics Topics Page 7pa ee Heya Dy = {2:2 #1), Now -1 € Dy and g(-1) = ‘an aot be iacluded is the domain of for. Thus Since —1 ¢ Dy it follows that —1 Dog = {222 #41} 6, APPLICATIONS (1) ‘Areas, Volumes, Weights 1. Areas ales + a) Arex ofa angle = # (be) (high) 8) Area of a rectangle = (length) (width) e) Arenofacircle =r, ra radius Using the above rules one cin find the areas of ‘little more complicated” shapes as shown ia the following examples: Example 1. Flad the area of the trapesoid shown in the figure Solution: HE the trapenod can be divided into two tiangles ax shows. ‘Thote tangles kave ‘bases dem and Scm respectively, and have the same height Jem. Se Azea = #(4)(3) + 158) = 18.5 on, ‘Remark: One can use the formula for the ares of trapezsid too, Mathematics Topics Page 8Example 2. Find the area of the shombus shown in the figure "eon Soltions We divide the rhombus sta two congreen triangles as show, Aces =2(} x64) = 26cm? Remark: One can use the formula for the area of a hombus too, Example 8: Find the area of the region shown ix the figure. 8 Gm Hi Con (aon 2a Solution: We divide the region inte a rectangle and & square 2 shown, ZAuecn ! 2t0 Hi Go G Go Area =(ex (2 x2) =444= 28m? Example 4. Find the area of the region shown in the figure Can Page 9Solution: Arex = ares nf rectangle + Aden ef eomicizclo Lig bx a+ 5e) 42s em 2. Volume Rules Volume of right prism = Area of base x Aptitude : Volume of s right cylinder = =r7h Volume ofa sight coat = Err®h, Ao ‘Students will 2ot be asked to fed volumes, but this will bea part of a word problem, Example 1. road Sloe Jong and Ldn wide to be eovered with tar Sem thik How euany tric of ta are needed if the capacity of ach truce i 12 m2? Solution: Amount of tar needed = 3000 x 14 x 0.30 = 12600 n> ‘number of tracks = 12500 = 12 = 1050, Example 2. 128 Liters ef orange juice to be distributed inte bottles the capacity of sobich is Liter. How many bottler are needed ? Solution: 123 = } = 128 x 4 = S12 bettles Example S. Io a dairy, nih is sterilized in cylindrical barrels, The diameter ofthe base ofeach barrel is ane meter and the altitude ism, Milk is then distributed ito sane the capacity of which ia 314 om? per eas, How many cane of milk doas exch ‘hare give? (use + = 3.14) ‘Mathematics Topics Page 10Solution: ‘Volume of each barrel, = 81d (50) 200 = 1570000 en? rmumber of cans needed = 15700004316 = 5000 3) Weights ‘Those wauld appear withia word problems Example'1, The weight af Salim snd Shahid together fs 120 kg. What i the weight of each if Salis is 24hg heavier taas Shakid? Solutio m-24 = 96 weight of Sabi = 06 +2= 48 ky, weight of Sulim = 4842472 bg. Example 2. The weight of » cat, dog and a lamb together is 28 kg. What is the svcight of ench if the weight ofthe cat i half that of the dog and the weight of the dog i half that of the lamb? Solution: The dog is twice the weght of tbe cat, and tie lamb is four tas the weight of the ct, So weg of the ea is 387 = 4 kg weight ofthe dog = 4 2= 8k. sreight of the lamb = 4%4=16 kg. 4. Changing Units: 4) the cheage should be withio the metic system. Ifa change involves more thts one system {from imperil to metic for example), then the relevant information rust be given +) The questions can be direct asia the examples belo, oc within word problems aia evamples (2) and (3) Inthe volumes section above, ‘Mathematics Topics Page 11Exainple L, If one pound =454 grams then: 9) 380 bg = pounds 8) 105 ¢ = ---+-pounds @) pounds =.+-+ hg, Solution: a} 380 40.454 = 770.9 pounds 4) 105 + 484 = 028 pounds e) 18 x0458 = 5.9 hy. Example 2 The speed ofa car is €0 him/hour, Find its speed in i/muimate Solution: 24122 = 1009 m/minute Example 8. Fillin the space in what follows: a) Bib ccem 8) 200 ters = Tm cen! 2, given that | liter = 1000 em? 150000 er a Solution: 2) 3. 10" = Son0000 em? 5) 200 x 1000 = 200000 am? = 0.2 mi 6) tm? = 7x 10" = 70000 em? 4) 180000 em# = 150000 + 20! = 15 m?. APPLICATIONS (2) Ratio and Proportia Percentages 1, Ratio and Proportion: 4) Ratios compare the sizes of related quantities. For example ifthe rato of my income to my brother's income is 3:2 then this means that for every 2 K D. that my brother earns, {earn 3 K.D. So if my brother gets 200 K D., I obtain 300 K.D. and ‘Mathematics Topics Page 12Rule: 4 ratio can be multiplied or divided theoughou by the same number. For ‘example, the ratio 3:2 is the sere as the ratio 300:200, ‘Thus we ean treat the ratio 32s the fraction 2, Example 1. Ifthe ratio af genes wan to those het is 19:16 and the surmberof games list 6 64, End the number of parses that were woo. Solution: wow Fox Gee ha pp Maa isxes bx w= Bie So the momber of games wea is 60 Example 2. Givea the same situation as in example 1, Find the numberof games played. Solution; From example 1, 64 gemes were lost and 60 games were won, So the sumer of gamer is 02+ 04-= 124, Example 5. The total daily wage of three workers is 12 K.D. distributed inthe ratio 348, What is the daily wage of eack of them? Solution: Tae numer of shares is 3+ 4+ Each share is worth 72-412 = 5 K.D. “The fst worker taken 6 x3 = 18 KD. “The dnd worker tabes 6 «4 = 24 KD. ‘Te Sed worker takes 6 x5= 20 K.D. bb) fimo varying quaatitce see alwayo io the come ratio, we say chat chey are dtectly proportional to one another (or, simply, proportional) Fer example, if we buy a aumber af identical pens, then the price of the pets ie proportional ta its mumber, beesuse ESP. = constant = pce of one pes: Example 1. Ifthe price of 11 pen in 33 K.D., what isthe price of 18 pens? Solution: Prive of 15 peas = MH = 45 KD, ‘Mathematics Topics Page 13Example 2 If the weight of 16 cm! of a metal ix 4g, what is the weight of 20 cm? ‘of that metal? Solutions Weight of 20cm! = 2332 — 30 g. ©) Two quantities are said to be inversely preportisaal if eae of them ix pcopor- tional to the inverse or zeciprocat of the other. For example, the autaber of worliecs saceded ts do-a job is inversely propos tional to the time nesded to fisish the job. That is ifthe number increases, the time needed decreases. Example 1. Four workers need ten days to paint a certain wall How many dave sve needed for 3 morkers te paint the same wall? Solution; One worker needs 4x10 =40 days Five workess need 40-55 days Example 2, Eleven taps fill a teak in three hours, How loag would it take ta fll the tank if only sie taps are working? Solution: One tap needs 11 x3= 35 hours 6 taps need 99+6=5 hours and 30 minutes: 2. Percentages ‘The symbol 19% meats 13 ont of 10. So asa action itis, and as a decieal itis O18. So if owe want 19% of say, S00 K-D. we miukiply 500 x 2B = 654. Example 1. Outof «class of 25 students, 72% are good in Arabic Find the aumber of etudents that aro net good in Arabic, Solution: sasber of sudaots that ace good = 25 x JB. = 16 vo those tht ae not 0nd in Artie ace 25~ 18 ~ 7 student. ‘Example 2. Ibtahim's weight now is 8% mote than it was last year. IF his weight last year was 55 ky, what is his weight now? Solution: The increase in weight is $5 x 785 = 4.4'ke ‘Mathematics Topics Page 1+This weight now is 5344.4 = 38.4 kz Example 3. Whea water fcewes, its volume increases by 49%. What volurse of water is required to make 728 om of ice? Solution: Volume of ice is 104% of the volume of water, So volume of water necded 3. Interest Many institutions such as banks offer savings accounts, If you put money into sch an account, the bank uses your money and pays you for that use, Tha amouat that the bank pays you is called the interest. ‘The arsount of money you put in the bank is called the capital. Interest on money borrowed (or lent) ie weually given as = percentage of the capital per year. This is called the interest rate Rule: [stevest = Capital x interest rate x time(in vont] Bxample 1- A man put S00 KD. ins savings account for 3 years with an interast rate of 12%, Wakt would be the balance of his account by the ead of this period? Solution; Toteraue = $000. 4b xe 4 = 1800 KD. ‘Balance of ie accouns will be 5000 + 1800 = 68094¢.D. Example 2. 4 man put 2500 KD. for a year in a savings account, Ifthe intetest ‘was 288 KD. wisat was the interest case? Solution: interest rate is EEE = 8.5, Bxample $. Find the amcunt borrowed if 28750 K.D. kas te be repaid aftor ane ‘year when the interest rate is LSR. Solution: The amount repaid is 125% of the amount borrowed so the amount bor- rowed ie MERI 9500080.0. ‘Mathematics Topics Page 158 Problem Solving Strategies. Here variaus exercises are given. No acknced or special mathematics is needed, ‘Only simple arithmetic wil be ws. Esch problem might need several steps 4 be solved Example 1. Fiad the diameter of « cnc as a fonetion of ite area. sites aeeyr are f lameter = 2 = ‘Sxample 2, Peier is z years old. How old isis brother that was born years earlee Solution: His brother ie 2+y yeure old. Example 3. \ rectangle in» meters ong. If ts length is T meters longer than Ste snidth, find the parameter and aren ofthis rectangle Solution: width is x—7 Parameter is 2(2-+ (—7) tea is af — ‘Example 4, 4 tap Gllsatankin two hours. Another tap st the bottora of the tan ‘needs three hours to empty it, Hom longit tales to fill the taak if both taps were open Solution: Ji one hour the frst rap fs $ the tack Tn one boar the second tap empties J the task Bo if both taps were open. inane hour we have $= |= } ofthe tan ie fled. Hence 6 houcs are needed to fil the taak wien both taps are opes. Example 5. 4 max bought 360 kg. of potatoes for 120 fils per kilo. He found out ‘that 20% of the potatoes is unsuitable for selling. What would be the walling price of foe kilo of the cest of the potatoes if be wants a 15% profi? Solution; The man paid = 960 + 120 = 49200 fs ‘The profit requited = 49200 x = 6480 "The total sling peice = 48200 + 6180 = 69880 Sly ‘The unsuitable amount of potatoas = 380 x #2 = 72 ke, ‘The aitable amoust of potators = 26072 = 288 kgs Sling price of one kilo is 49580 + 288 = 172.5 fle ‘Mathematics Topics Page 16ample 6. Theeriméter of a square is twice the perimeter of an equilateral triangle. Hone side ofthe square is 75 meters, what is the length af one side of the tangle? Sol Perimeter of the ayuane = 4.5 75 = 300m Perimeter of the mangle ~ Y2.x 300 © 13020 Sid ofthe trianele = 150 0m ‘Mathematics Topics Page 17