Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 5 9 1 0 0 0 8 1 4 4 *

PHYSICS 5054/22
Paper 2 Theory May/June 2019
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
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Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (NH/TP) 168555/4
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 A student records the mass and volume of two irregular objects, one made of iron and the other of
copper. The student uses the equipment shown in Fig. 1.1.

cm3
100
90
80
70
60
50
measuring cylinder
350 g 40
30
20
10

Fig. 1.1

Table 1.1 shows the results obtained.

Table 1.1

mass / g volume / cm3

iron 400 51
copper 350 39

(a) Describe how to determine the volume of an irregular object with the measuring cylinder.
POUR WATER INTO THE MEASURING CYLINDER.NOTE DOWN THE VOLUME.
...................................................................................................................................................
THEN LOWER DOWN THE IRREGULAR OBJECT INTO THE WATER WITH A STRING.
...................................................................................................................................................
NOTE DOWN THE NEW VOLUME. THEN SUBTRACT BOTH THE RECORDED VALUES
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
TO OBTAIN THE VOLUME OF THE IRREGULAR OBJECT.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Calculate the density of iron.

400/51= 7.84

7.84 g/cm3
density = ......................................................... [2]

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(c) A third object, which is also made of copper, has the same volume as the iron object.

Calculate the mass of this copper object.

350 39
X 51

mass = .........................................................
458g [2]

(d) State and explain what happens to the density of the iron object when it is heated.
ITS DENSITY DECREASES BECAUSE THE PARTICLES MOVE AWAY FROM
...................................................................................................................................................
EACHOTHER CAUSING THE IRON TO EXPAND WHICH CAUSE A REDUCTION IN
...................................................................................................................................................
ITS DENSITY.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a container of gas connected to a manometer. The tube in the manometer has a
constant cross-sectional area.

cm ruler
30

25

20

gas
15

10 container

mercury
0

Fig. 2.1

The gas in the container exerts a pressure.

(a) Define the term pressure.

PRSSURE REFERS TO THE FORCE APPLIED PER UNIT AREA.
...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The density of mercury is 1.4 × 104 kg / m3. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

The pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 Pa.

Calculate the pressure of the gas in the container.

PRESSURE= 0.16 X (1.4 X 10(4)) X 10

=2.24 X 10(4)

1 X 105 - 2.24 X 104

pressure = .........................................................
2.24 X 10(4) [3]
7.8 X 10(4)

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(c) In Fig. 2.1, the mercury level on the left-hand side of the manometer is lower than on the
right-hand side.

The gas inside the container is heated. This causes the mercury levels on both sides to
become the same.

(i) Determine the mercury level, as shown on the ruler, when this happens.
16cm 8cm
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of the gas molecules, what causes the level of mercury to become the
same.
WHEN THE GAS INSIDE THE CONTAINER IS HEATED, ITS PARTICLES MOVE
...........................................................................................................................................
AWAY FROM EACHOTHER AND MOVE AT HIGH SPEEDS AND INCREASE NUMBER
...........................................................................................................................................
OF COLLISIONS. AS A RESULT, THE MOVING PARTICLES COLLIDE WITH THE
...........................................................................................................................................
PARTICLES OF THE MERCURY, MAKING IT GO LOWER.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows three rays of light travelling in water from a light source S.

One ray of light is totally internally reflected at the boundary between water and air.

boundary 34°
air

water

25°

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

(a) On Fig. 3.1, mark the critical angle and label it c. [1]

(b) State why only one of the three rays is totally internally reflected.
THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE IS EQUAL TO THE ANGLE OF REFRACTION.
...................................................................................................................................................
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE IS GREATER THAN THE CRITICAL ANGLE.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Calculate:

(i) the refractive index for water

R.I = SIN R/SIN I
= SIN34/SIN25
= 1.3232

1.3232
refractive index = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the critical angle for the boundary between water and air.

SIN C= 1/1.3232

49.1
critical angle = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

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4 A star emits electromagnetic radiation over a range of wavelengths.

Fig. 4.1 shows the brightness of the radiation from the star at different wavelengths.

brightness

0
0 1.0 × 10–6 2.0 × 10–6 3.0 × 10–6 4.0 × 10–6
wavelength / m

Fig. 4.1

Radiation from the star is brightest at one wavelength.

(a) Determine the wavelength where the radiation is brightest.

wavelength = .........................................................
1.2 X 10-6 [1]

(b) Visible light has a wavelength between 4.0 × 10−7 m and 7.0 × 10−7 m.

The radiation in (a) lies just outside the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

State the name of the region of the spectrum that contains the radiation in (a).

.............................................................................................................................................
INFRA RED [1]

(c) Determine the frequency of the radiation in (a).

The speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

FREQUENCY= WAVESPEED/WAVELENGTH
= 3 X 108/ 1.2 X 10-6= 2.5 X 10(14) Hz

2.5 X 10(14) Hz
frequency = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows part of a machine used to investigate electrostatic charging.
_
_ _ P
metal dome _ _
metal ball
negatively _ _
charged –
_ _
–
–
– conducting rod
belt –

wire connecting
rod to earth

Fig. 5.1

Before the machine is switched on the metal dome and the ball are uncharged.

When the machine is switched on, the metal dome becomes negatively charged.

Explain how charging the dome causes the metal ball P to become positively charged.
THE METAL DOME CONTAINS ELECTROSNS WHICH EXERT A REPULISVE FORCE ON
...................................................................................................................................................
THE METAL BALL. THIS CAUSES THE BALL TO BECOME + CHARGED. ALSO, SINCE THE
...................................................................................................................................................
BALL IS CONNECTED TO EARTH WIRE, THE ELECTRONS FLOW AWAY, LEAVING THE
...................................................................................................................................................
+ CHARGES BEHIND.
............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(b) A photocopier works using electrostatic charging. It contains a drum whose surface conducts
charge where it is exposed to light.

Fig. 5.2 shows a piece of paper, the drum and the heater of a photocopier.

heater

drum

paper

Fig. 5.2

The photocopier produces a copy of an original page on a piece of paper.

The sentences below describe the process of making the copy but the sentences are in the
wrong order.

A The drum is given a positive charge.

B The positively charged parts of the drum attract a black powder.

C Where light hits the drum, the positive charge leaks away.

D An image of the original page is projected onto the drum.

E The drum rolls against a piece of paper, transferring powder to the paper.

F The paper is heated which makes the black powder stick to it.

Arrange the sentences in the correct order. The first and last sentences are already in the
correct boxes.

A D B C E F
[2]

[Total: 4]

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6 Two lamps, P and Q, are connected to a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V and an
ammeter, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

6.0 V

A
P

Fig. 6.1

Lamp P has a resistance of 15 Ω. The ammeter reading is 0.65 A.

(a) Calculate the current in lamp P.

I = 6/15
I = 0.4A
0.4A
current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Calculate the resistance of lamp Q.

CURRENT IN Q= 0.25A
RESISTANCE= 6/0.25

24
resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(c) The two lamps are now connected in series to the ammeter and the same battery.

(i) In the space below draw the circuit diagram.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the ammeter reading is less than 0.65 A when the lamps are connected in
series.
THE CURRENT IS EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE SERIES CIRCUIT.
...........................................................................................................................................
THE TOTAL RESISTANCE IS GREATER THAN BEFORE..
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows a copper wire placed on two copper rods in the magnetic field between the poles of
a magnet.

horizontal copper
rods

magnet
N

S copper wire

battery – A
+

Fig. 7.1

The crocodile clip A touches the positive terminal of the battery. This causes the copper wire to
move.

(a) On Fig. 7.1, mark with an arrow the direction of the current in the copper wire. [1]

(b) Explain why the copper wire moves along the copper rods.
ACCORDING TO FLEMMING LEFT HAND RULE, THE WIRE SHOULD MOVE TOWARDS
...................................................................................................................................................
THE LEFT SIDE, TOWARDS THE COPPER RODS. ALSO, THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF THE
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
MAGNET AND THE CURRENT FLOWING IN IT EXERT A FORCE ON IT CAUSING IT TO

MOVE OUTWARDS, ALONG THE COPPER RODS.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Name two different devices that use this effect.

AC GENERATOR
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
BYCYCLE DYNAMO
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
LOUDSPEAKER
[Total: 5]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows a device that is used to show the force on an electron in an electric field.

horizontal vacuum
filament terminal metal plates

terminal
positively charged
metal cylinder (anode)

Fig. 8.1

(a) Explain how a continuous flow of electrons from the filament is produced in this apparatus.
THE FILANMENT IS CONNECTED TO THE NEGATIVE TERMINAL. IT GETS VERY HOT
...................................................................................................................................................
AND DUE TO THERMIONIC EMISSION, IT EMITS ELECTRONS. THESE ELECTRONS
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
ARE ATTRACTED BY THE POSITIVELY CHARGED ANODE. THIS PRODUCES A CONTINOUS

FLOW OF ELECTRONS.
...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) When an electron is in an electric field there is a force on the electron.

The direction of this force is in the opposite direction to the electric field.

Describe how the metal plates in Fig. 8.1 can be used to show this.
WHEN AN ELECTRON PASSES THROUGH THE HORIZONTAL METAL PLATES, IT IS
...................................................................................................................................................
DEFLECTED BY THESE METAL PLATES AND MOVES UP AND DOWN. THIS PRODUCES
...................................................................................................................................................
AN IMAGE ALONG THE Y- AXIS ON THE SCREEN OF THE CRO.
...................................................................................................................................................
CONNECT A BATTERY ACROSS THE PLATES.
...................................................................................................................................................
ELECTRONS DEFLECT AND ARE ATTRACTED TOWARDS THE POSITVE PLATE.
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
CONCLUSION: FIELD IS FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE.
[Total: 4]

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Section B

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a map of the route taken by a car as it travels from town A to town B.

E town B

Scale:
The side of one
square is 5 km.

town A

5 km

Fig. 9.1

The journey involves a distance and a displacement.

(a) (i) Using the scale on Fig. 9.1, determine the displacement in travelling from A to B.

51-53KM

50KM
size of displacement = ...............................................................
EAST
direction of displacement = ...............................................................
[3]

(ii) State how distance differs from displacement.

DISTANCE HAS MAGNITUDE WHILE DISPLACEMENT HAS MAGNITUDE AND
...........................................................................................................................................
DIRECTION.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) In some parts of the journey, the car is travelling at a constant speed but is also
accelerating.

Explain how this is possible.

THE CAR CHANGES DIRECTION AND ITS VELOCITY CHANGES.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) At town B the car makes an emergency stop.

The total stopping distance of the car is the thinking distance added to the braking distance.

(i) Describe what is meant by the thinking distance.

IT IS THE TIME THE DRIVER SPENDS THINKING BEFORE APPLYING THE BRAKES.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The brakes on the car work badly. This increases the braking distance.

State two other factors that increase the braking distance.

POOR CONDIITION OF TIRES.
1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
WET ROAD
2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The mass of the car and driver is 1200 kg. Just before the brakes are applied, the speed of
the car is 30 m / s.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car and driver just before the brakes are applied.

540000J
kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The braking force that stops the car is 1800 N.

Calculate the deceleration of the car.

F= MA
1800/
1.5MS
deceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why the temperature of the brakes increases during braking.
DUE TO THE FRICTION BETWEEN THE BRAKE PADS AND THE TIRES.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 15]

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10 Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of a soldering iron. Solder is a mixture of metals used to make a permanent
contact between electrical wires.

metal tip

heating element

Fig. 10.1

The heating element raises the temperature of the metal tip. When solder is placed against the tip,
the solder melts over the wires to be joined. When the solder cools, it solidifies and the permanent
connection is made.

The working temperature of the metal tip is 380 °C.

(a) The boxes in Fig. 10.2 show two materials and some different melting points.

material melting point

1000 °C

metal of the
metal tip
380 °C

200 °C

20 °C

solder

0 °C

Fig. 10.2

On Fig. 10.2, draw a line from the metal of the metal tip and a line from the solder to a suitable
melting point for each. [2]

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(b) The heating element is rated at 24 V, 3.3 A.

The heating element is switched on.

The temperature of the metal tip rises from 20 °C to 320 °C in the first 10 s.

(i) Calculate the electrical energy supplied to the heating element in the first 10 s.

792J
energy = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) The metal tip is made of copper and has a mass of 2.3 g. The specific heat capacity of
copper is 0.39 J / (g °C).

Calculate the thermal energy (heat) gained by the metal tip in the first 10 s.
2.3 X 0.39 X 300 = 269.1

269.1J
thermal energy = ......................................................... [3]

(c) (i) Describe, in terms of free electrons, the process by which heat transfers through the
metal tip.
THROUGH THE PROCESS OF CONDUCTION. THE ELECTRONS COLLIDE WITH
...........................................................................................................................................
EACHOTHER AND TRANSFER THERMAL ENERGY FROM ONE ELECTRON TO
...........................................................................................................................................
THE OTHER.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Heat is lost from the metal tip by convection in the air.

Explain how convection occurs in the air.

DUE TO DIFFERENCE IN DENSITY, THE HOT PARTICLES RISE UP IN THE
...........................................................................................................................................
AIR WHILE THE COOLER ONES SINK. THIS SETS UP A CONVECTION CURRENT
...........................................................................................................................................
DUE TO DIFFERENCE IN DENSITIES.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(d) The temperature of the metal tip is measured with a thermocouple.

(i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple. Mark with a letter H the
part of the thermocouple that is placed on the metal tip.

[2]

(ii) State two reasons why a thermocouple thermometer is suitable for measuring how the
temperature of the metal tip varies during the first 10 s.
IT IS MORE SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE.
1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
IT CAN MEASURE LARGER RANGE OF TEMPERATURE.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 15]

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11 (a) Stars are formed inside a cloud of gas and dust in space.

When a star forms, the cloud first becomes smaller as it collapses.

(i) State what causes the gas cloud to collapse.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Eventually nuclear fusion occurs in the star.

State two conditions required for nuclear fusion to occur in the star.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) When a large star explodes, nuclei of heavy elements are formed.

One such nucleus is uranium-235 (23952U).

(i) State the name and the number of each type of particle found in one nucleus of 23952U.

name of particle ................................... number found in nucleus ....................................

name of particle ................................... number found in nucleus ....................................

[2]

(ii) State one feature that is the same for the nuclei of all isotopes of uranium.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) A nucleus of 23952U in a nuclear reactor can undergo nuclear fission.

Describe the process of nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) State one difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(v) The nucleus of 23952U is not stable.

It decays by the emission of an alpha-particle (α) into a nucleus of thorium (Th).

Complete the nuclear equation that represents this decay.

U Th +
...... ......
235
92 ...... 2 α [2]

(c) Geiger and Marsden carried out an experiment to investigate the scattering of alpha-particles.
Fig. 11.1 shows a diagram of the apparatus that they used.

vacuum
radioactive
source thin gold foil

fluorescent
beam of screen
alpha-particles

Fig. 11.1

When an alpha-particle strikes the fluorescent screen a flash of light is emitted.

(i) On Fig. 11.1, mark with a letter P where most flashes occur on the screen. [1]

(ii) Describe what is seen on the other parts of the screen.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State two conclusions about atoms of gold that resulted from this experiment.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 15]

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