Some Interesting Schematic illustrations of Various Welding defects and different Areas of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in Carbon steel Weldment. @ | personally find such knowledge is very useful during fracture mechanics testing of weldments where CTOD Notch position need to be accurately placed in HAZ to understand the toughness of specific microstructure in HAZ areas. # In order to fully Characterize the Cross Sectional MACRO Examination of polished and etched weldment sample, such knowledge on various defects and their acceptance criteria is very important. e During Visual Examination of weld failure case studies in Metallurgical Failure Investigations, it is important to see the correctness of weld profile and if possible, Failure Analyst must see if the damage location has any relation with visual weld defects or improper weld profile. Documentations of such small small observations are sometimes critical to address the root cause. Creating Sound Welds for critical applications are very important azpect of fabrication and therefore, trained Welders or Welding engineers are important asset for any fabrication industry.Slag Porosity eee Hot (solidification) cracks Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Subcrtical-HAZ ~~ Lamellar tears Intercritical-HAZ Underbead cracking Grin celine’ Root crack rain- - : Intercritical-HAZ Micro-fissures Grain-coarsed-HAZ Lack of fusionCentreline cracking Spatter and are strikes too high tensile stresses surface defects that are on cooling potential fatigue Gas porosity Initiation sites gamp electrodes or ‘other contamination HAZ cracking formation of (brittle) Jenne ‘Slag entrapment martensite on cooling ineffective destagging between weld runs. ‘ of austenite Transverse Root crack welding power ‘too high: — Syste, inate ; 'm boundary —_ penetration ‘ (142)_,| Problematic micro- : welding power too low Overlap structure in HAZ \ ‘or welding speed t00 1OW welding speed too high grain growth, possible Underbead ‘or welding power to low martensite formation ‘cracka-coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) b-fine grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ) c- intercritical heat affected zone (CHAZ) d- subcritical heat affected zone (SCHAZ) After reheating CGHAZ, new sub-zones are: 1- U CGHAZ 3-1C CGHAZ 2-S CGHAZ 4- SC CGHAZ