Proceedings of the Sympociuman Marine Biodiversity inthe Visayas and Mindanao 5 Preliminary survey of the littoral macrophytes of Camiguin Island Oliver R.T. Paderanga, Christine Mae ©. Paderanga and Lydia B. Maghuyop Institute of Marine Biodiversity, Camiguin Polytechnic State College Balintawak Campus, Mambajao, Camiguin Abstract ‘The littoral area of the coast of Camiguin Island was surveyed for macrophytes during the months of F ‘May 1998, 4 total of 105 species of seaweeds were identified. Fifteen (15) families of the Rhodophyta, twelve (12 ‘Cliforophyta, and five (5) of the Phacophyta were represented. Seven species of seagrass were identified. Four (Ai specie: ‘belong to the family Potamogetonaceae and three (3) species to the family Hydrocharitaccae. Eight species of mange belonging to six families were identified in the island. During the sampling, the macrophytes showed greater species richness in the north, east and south compared to the western part of the island, Introduction ‘Camiguin, being an istand, is severely restricted in terms of expanding its land resources and has had to import major provisions in food supplies from the main island of Mindanao. With a growing population and limited possibilities for expansion in terrestrial resources, the people of Camiguin need to develop their coastal assets for supplementary livelihoods. The littoral, or intertidal zone, with its flora and fauna, is an important, and the most visible, part of the coastal ecosystem. Intertidal macrophytes are important in a variety of ways. They can be used as food ar pracessed for phycocolloids. They are also ecologically significant, as they are the habitats of many marine species of animals and can act as nurseries for the young of many more (Castro and Huber. 1997; Calumpong and Mefiez, 1997). The people of Camiguin have always used the coast to supplement their diet. However, with the increase in population, heightening industrialization and the current marketing of the island as a tourist destination, the coast may come to experience previously unknown degrees of stress that may grow ever stronger. ‘To therefare prevent the degradation or breakdown of the coastal ecosystem, sustainability should be incorporated into any project or endeavor that the local populace may have. Inherent in the concept of sustainability is a deep knowledge of the resources available. There is, as yet. no comprehensive baseline data on the coastal resources of the island. This study will provide needed information that can be used in assessing the present status of the coastal resourees of the island and the possible impact that any project may have. The study aims to identify the common species of intertidal flora in the coastal area of Camiguin. It also aims to identify species: occurrence or distribution of the macrophytes around the island of Camiguin during, the duration of the study. Methodology Study Area Camiguin is a volcanic island lying wit geographic coordinates 124°35'U0" to 124°50°00) east longitudes and 95°00" ta 20°00" north latitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea. on the east by the northwestern portion of Gingoog Bay and on the south by the northern part of Macajalar Bay (DENR X, unpubl. ms} (Fig. LL. Being a volcanic island, the coastline of ‘Camiguin is composed mostly of voleanie rock. As itis located in the vicinity of the Bahol sea. tidal cycles follow that of the general area, which is the mixed and dominant semidivrial type (MSU- Naawan, 1996). The northeast monsoon occurs during the months of Oetober ta January. while the southwest monsoon occurs during the months of June to September (DENR X. unpbl. ms). The study area consisted of the entire coastline of the island. The intertidal zone of the coast surrounding the island of Camiguin ts predominantly composed of large stones. Sand beds can be found in Baylao, Agoho, Yumbing and Magttinet in Mambajao: Benoni in Mahinog; Cantaan and Poblacion in ——Guinsiliban and Bonbon in Catarman. There are also sandy-muddy portions in Benoni, Mahinog and in Canta-an, Guinsiliban, Small rocky cliffs are also scattered around the circumference of the island. Field sampling Fieldwork was conducted around the coast of Camiguin Island during daytime. Sampling was conducted by establishing an imaginary transect across the littoral zone and perpendicular to the shore every ‘20m. The distance between transects was determined using a marked rope placed parallel to the shore, Distinct landmarks were used to identify the sites, which were later plotted on a map. Specimens found ‘on the line were identified. Samples that could not be idet -d in the ficld were taken to the laboratory for identification. Identification of specimens was based on the works of Trona and Ganzon-Fortes (1988), Portes (1990), and Calumpong and Menez (1997), ‘Water salinity and temperature were measured using refractometer and mercury thermometer. This is an on-going investigation and the results presented in this paper are from data collected. from February to May 1998, MmDANAO SEA Results and Discussion During the sampling, salinity and temperature ‘were relatively constant with averages of 35ppt and 27°C, respectively, Wind was considerably stronger in the west and southwestern parts of the island. Seaweeds During the survey period of February to May 1998, a total of 105 species were identified in the island of Camiguin. Fifteen (15) families of the Rhodophyta, twelve (12) of the Chlorophyta, and five (5) of the Phacophyta were represented, Common genera are listed in Table 1. Division Rhodophyta had the most number of identified specimens, 48 species.all in all. Most species of red algae were located in the north, northwestern and southeastern parts of the island. For Division Chlorophyta, 34 species were identified, The distribution of green algae was not even and more species were found in the north and southeastern portions of the island. In Division Phaeophyta, 23 species were identified during the survey. The brown algae had a relatively more even distribution compared to the other divisions. sonar $a 1, Map of Camuguin Istand showing the municipal boundaries.Table 1, Common genera of seaweeds indentified in Camiguin Island —Disision Rhodophyta Division Chlorophyta Division Phacophyta__—— ‘Acanthopora Acetabularia Colpomenia Actinotrichia Anadyomene Dictyole Amphiroa Boodlea Hydroclathrus Chondrococcus Caulerpa Padina Fucheuma Codttum Sargassum Ceratodictyon Diciyosphaeria Turbine Galaxaura Enteromorpha Gracilaria Hatimeda Halymenia Ue Hypnea Vialonia Laurencia Liagort For all the seaweeds, the northern parts of the island had the greatest number of species, The southeastern and eastern portions had relatively high species diversity. The most frequently occurring species of macroaliae were Turbinaria ornata, Padina minor, Sargassum cristaefolium, Galaxaura ablongata, and alctinotrichia fragilis. All of these species occured around the island. Some of the species found were observed to be rare in terms of occurrence. Galaxaura arborea, Claudia muttifida, and Titanophora weberae were only found in the northern part of Catarman: Hydroclathrus tinuis and Acetabularia major only in Guinsiliban; Cauterpa sertularoides and Laurencia patentiramea only in Mahinog: and Cryptonemia crenulata only in Mambajao. Of the species mentioned as most frequently oecurring, only Sargassum cristaefolium is economically valuable, owing to its use asa fertilizer. Other economically important species that were found in the island were Gractlaria spp., Caulerpa spp.. Cadium spp.and Eucheuma sp. These are common ‘edible species, Also found in the area are Halymenia spp. which is edible, but is not known to be eaten by the local populace. Seagrass Seven species of seagrasses were identified; four (4) species belonging to the family Potamogetonaceae and three (3} species to the family Hydrocharitaceae. The following genera were found to be present during the survey period: Cymodocea. Enhalus, Holodule, Halophila, Syringodium, and Thalassia. The highest diversity of seagrasses was found in the eastern part of the island, with all seven species being present. This was followed! by the southeastern and northern parts. However, only one (1) species was found in the western part and seagrass species were found to be absent in the sauthivestern part of the island. Thalassia hemprichii was found to be the most common seagrass species while Syringadiun tsoetifolitim was the least common, Mangroves Bight species of inangenves belonging to six families were identified in the island: Avicenniaceac. Combretaceae, Pteridaceae, Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae of Class Dicotyledaneae and Palmae of Class Monocotyledoneae. The genera of mangroves present around the tsland were Avécenmia, Acrosticham, Bruguieru, Centops. Rhizophora and Sonneratia, Nypa and Terminalur were included in the counting. Mangroves were not widely distributed around the island. The southeastern part had the lughest number of species with all eight species being present. The mangrove Terminalia — catappa {talisay)(Calumpong and Menez, 1997}was found to be present all around the island. Macrophyte resources as a whole All inal, a total of 120 species were identified. Littoral macrophyte: were found in all parts of the island, however some were found to be occurring only in selected areas. Species richness was found tn be highest inthe northern parte! the island. followed by the southeastern parts. The westerm and southwestern parts of the island were found to be relatively poor in terms of species richness at the‘No. of Species weet on eu Soun Srre Fig, 2. Species richness of the different areas of Camiguin isiand. time of sampling (Fig. 2). A complete list of macrophytes identified during the survey is provided in Appendix J, and a summary of the distribution of iltoral flora in the island is given in Table 2. Summary Sampling of the littoral macrophytes during, the months of February to May 1998 showed that there were 120 species of seaweeds, seagrasses and mangroves present in the coast of Camiguin island, A total of 105 species of seaweeds were identified. Fifteen (15) families of the Rhodophyta, twelve (12) of the Chlorophyta, and five (5) of the Phaeophyta were represented. Seven species of seagrass were identified. Four (4) species belong to the family Patamogetonaceae and three (3) species to the family Hydrocharitaceae. Eight species of mangroves were identified in the island belonging to six families (Avicenniaceae, Combretaceae, Pteridaceae, Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae of Class Dicotyledoneae and Palmae of Class Monocetyledoneae). The macrophytes showed greater species richness in the north, east, and southeast compared to the western and southwestern part of the island. Recommendations The following are recommended: (1) Another study with the same methodology should be conducted between the months of July to November so as to sample the flora during this part of the year. (2) More comprehensive studies, with emphasis on ecological indices such as diversity, abundance and dominance, should be conducted so that an ecological profile of the littoral zone can be determined (3) Si r studies should be conducted periodically to determine if there are seasonal and/or longer term changes involved in the species composition of the local macrophyte community. Literature cited Calumpong, H.P. and E.G, Mefez, 1997. Field guide to the common mangroves, seagrasses and algae of the Philippmes. Bookmark, Inc. Philippines. 197 pp. Castro, P. and M, Huber. 197, Marine biology, 2nd ed, Wm, C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque. 1A. USA. 450 pp. DENR_-X, Ecological profile of Camiguin Island. DENR, Reg, X, Cagayan de Oro City, Phil. 146 pp. Fortes, M.D. 1990, Seagrasses. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. Education Series 5. 46 pn. MSU-Naawan. 1996. Resource assessment of Agutayan Island and the coastal barangays of San Antonio, Jampason and Bobontugan, Jasaan, Misamis Oriental. MSU-Naawan, Misamis Oriental, 118 pp. Trono, G.C. Jr, and Ganzon-Fortes, 1988. Philippine seaweeds. National Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines. 330 pp.‘Table 2. Summary of the distribution of the littoral flora of Camiguin Island, (Mam = Mambajao. Mab « Mahinog. Gui = Guinsiliban, Sag = Sagay, Cat = Catarman) ‘Mam Mah Gui Sag. Cat - Mam Mah Gui Sag Cat sion Anthophyta Division Phacophyta (Brown Algae) Mangrove Chnoospora implexa x % % wok Avicennia sp. x Colpomenia sinuosa x x x x & Terminatia catappa x ox x x x Aydroclathrusclathratus xe Xx x x x Acrostichuin sp. x Hydroclathrus tiawis x Bruguiera sp. x Rosenvingea intricata x ‘Cosiops sp. x Dictyopteris sp. x x x a Rhizophora sp. x Biclyota dentata xe oR oR Sonneratia sp. x oe x Dietyota dichotoma kok ox x ‘Nope fruticans x x Dictyota tinearis xox or x Seagrasses Lobophora waréegata x xe x Enhatus acoroides x x Padina australis ee ey ® Halophita ovalis xox x x Padina minor xox ror & Thalassia emprichti x ox x Hormophysacuneiformis x x ‘Cymodocea rotundata x oR x Hormophysa triquetra xox x Holodula pinifotia xox x Sargassum oligocystum = x» X x x x Halodule uninervis xox x Sargassum crassifolium = =X % OX X ‘Syringodtum isoeiiotiain x Sargassum polyeysum = & =X Xk X & Sargassum sp. xoxox x x Division Cholorophyta (Green Algae) Sargassum cristaeolium = xX x XX Anadyomene plicala xX ox & x x Turbinariaconoides RON OX x Cawlerpa cupressoides x Turbinaria decurrens kKoR x Caulerpa lentitlifera Mo x x Turbinaria luronensis Rox k x Caulerpa peleaia Ko x Turbinaria arnata xe ox Ke Caulerpa racemosa xox x Caulerpa serrufata x x x x x Division Rhodophyta (Red Algae} ‘Caulerpa sertularoides x Dasya pilosa x Caulerpa taxifolia x Claudia multifda x Codium arabicum x ox x x x Peyssonnelia sp. ox x x Coctcun edule x x x x Wurdemanniaminiaia x Codium ovate x x Acanthophora muscoides x x x x Halimeda macrotoba x x x Acanthophora spicifera x es Halimeda opuntia x 2 % x dmansia glomerala x x Halimeda sp. x Bostrychia sp, x x Holiimeda tuna x ox x x x Lawrencia papitlose xox ox Chiorodesimis sp. x ok ox x Laurencia patentiramea x Chaetomorpha crassa xX Laurencia sp. x x x Cladophora sp. x or x Laurencia thuyoides x Bornatelta nitida x Laurencia tronai xox os Bornatelta sphaerica xox x Amphivoe foliacea xoxox x Neomeris annulata xox er Amphiroa fragitissima eoOk x x x Neomeris vanbosseae x x x x x daniasp. ae: Dasycladus sp. x Mastophora rosea x x Acetabularia deniata x ox x x x Cospopeltis sp. x Acelabuiaria major x Cryptonemiacrenulata x Acetabuiaria sp. x Halywenia delatata x Boodlea composita xe ox x x x Halymenia durvillaet xo x Xx Boorgesenia forbesii xox x Chondrococcus hornemuann#? x x x xX x Dictyosphaeria cavernosa «=X. «XK XX Geltdiella acerosat Se XR ® Valonia aegagrophita x ork x Gracilaria arcuata xox Xx x Valonia ventricosa x x x x x Gracilaria blodgettit x Enteromorpha intestinalis = x =x Garcitaria canaliculata x x Glee lactuea x k X Gracilaria coronopifolia =X x Clea reticulata x x Gracilaria eucheumoides =x x x x X Gracilaria gigas eo: x‘Table 2, (cont'd) Mam Mah Gui Sag Cat Mam Mah Gui Sag Cat Gracitaria salicornia x x x Eucheuma amoldil x x Gracilaria sp. x x x Eucheuma cottonii x x Gracitaria verrucosa x Bucheuma sp. . Hypnea cervicornis x « x 8 — Gelidiopsis sp. w OX Hypnea boergesenié Aetinotrichia fragilis eo. = eS ‘Hypnea nidulans x ox x x x Galaxaura arborea x ‘Hypnea sp. x Galaxaura abtongata x x Be OK ‘Hypnea valentiae x x Galaxaura ragosa eos ® Tilanophora weberae Liagora ceranoides KR: x Ceratedietyon spongiosum —_x+ xox Liogora sp. x xAppendix 1, Taxonomic list of macrophytes in Camiguin Island (February-May 1998). KINGDOM PLANTAE DIVISION ANTHOPHYTA Cass Dicotyledoneae Class Monocotyledoneae Family Avicenniaceae Family Palmae Avicennia sp. Aypa fraticans Family Combretaceae Order Helobiae Terminalia catappa Family Hydrocharitaceae Family Pteridaceae Enhalus acoroides Acrastichum sp. Halophita ovalis: Family Rhizophoraceae Thalassia hemprichii Bruguiera sp. Family Potamogetonaceae Ceriops sp. Cymodocea rotundata Rhizophora sp. Halodule pinifolia Family Sonneratiaceae Haledule uninervis Sonneratia sp. Syringodium isoetifolium Class Chlorophyceae Family Anadyomenaceae DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA Order Dasyeladales Family Dasycladaccae Anadyomene plicata Bornetella nittda Bornetella sphaerica Order Caulerpales Daspeladus sp. Family Caulerpaceae Neameris annulate Caulerpa cupressoides Neomeris van-basseae Caulerpa lentiltilera Family Polyphysaceae Caulerpa peltata Aeetabularia dentata Caulerpa racemosa Acetabularia major Caulerpaserrulata Acetabularia sp. Caulerpa sertularioides Cauterpa taxifolia Family Codiaceae ‘Codium arabicum Codium eduie Codium ovale Family Halimmedaceae Order Siphonaciadales Family Siphonocladaceae Boodlea compositir Boergesenia forbvsti Family Valoniaceae Halimeda macrotoba Dictyosphueria cavernosa Halimeda opuntia Valonia aeqagropliila Halimeda sp. Valonia rentricosu Halimeda tuna Order Ulvales Family Udoteaceae Chlorodesmis sp. ‘Order Cladophorales Family Cladophoraceae Chaeiomorpha crassa Claclophora sp. Family Ulvaceae Enteromorpha intestinales Ulwa lactuca Ulva reticulataDIVISION PHAEOPHYTA Class Phaeophyceae Order Dictyosiphonales Family Chnoosporaceae Chnoospora implexa Family Scyto: Colpomenia sinousa Hydroclathrus clathratus Hydroclathrus tinuis Rosenuingea intricata Order Dictyotales Family Dictyotaceae Dictyoptoris sp. Dietyota dentata Dictyota dichotoma Dictyota linearis Lobophora variegata Padina australis Padina minor Order Fucales Family Crystoseiraceae Hormophysa cuneiformis Hormophysa triquetra Family Sargassaceae Sargassum cristafoleum Sargassum sp. Turbinaria conoides Turbinaria decurrens Turbinaria luzonensis Turbinaria ornata DIVISION RHODOPHYTA Class Florideophyceae Family Dasyaceae Dasya pilosa Family Delesseriaceae Claudia multifida Family Peyssonnelia Peyssannelia sp. Family Wurdemanniaceae Wurdemannia miniata Order Cermaiales Family Rhodomelaceae Acanthophora muscoides Acanthophora specifera Amansia glomerata Bostrychia sp. Laurencia papillosa Laurencia patentiramea Laurencia sp. Laurencia thuyoides Laurencia tronoi Order Cryptonemiales Family Corallinaceae Amphiroa foliacea Amphiroa fragilissima Jania sp. Mastophora rosea Family Cryptonemiaceae Carpopeltis sp. (Cryptonemia crenutata Halymenia delatata Halymenia durvillaet Family Rhizophylidaceae Chondrococcus hornemannit Order Gelidiales Family Gelidiaceae Gelidiella acerosa Order Cigartinales Family Gracilariaceae Gracilaria arcitata Gracilaria blodgettit Gracitaria canaticulata Gracitarta coronopitolia Gracilaria eucheumoides Gracilaria gigas Gracilaria verrucosa Family Solieriaceae Ceratodictyon spongiostem Buckeuma arnoldii Eucheuma coitonit Buckeurta sp. Gelidiopsis sp. Order Nemaliales Family Galaxauraceae Actinotrichia fragilis Galaxaura arborea Galaxeuera oblongata Galaxewra rugosa Family Helminthocladiaceae Liagora coranoides Liagora sp. Family Hypneaceae Hypnea boergesenii Hypnea cervicornis Hypnea nidulans Hypnea sp. Hypnea valentine Family Nemastomataccae Titanophora weberaYinip éProceedings of the Symposium on Marine Biodiversity - in the Visayas and Mindanao Edited by Wilfredo L. Campos Division of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas Miag-ao, Toile 5023 1999 Published by University of the Philippines in the Visayas