11th STD Bio Zoology em Sample Materials

This is only for Sample Materials
for Full Book order online and available at all Leading Bookstores
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BIO-ZOOLOGY & ZOOLOGY
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(Short version and Long version)
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11th Standard
VOLUME - I & II o ok
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Based on the updated New Textbook for 2019
Salient Features
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Prepared as per the updated New Textbook for the year 2019.
Exhaustive Additional MCQs (Questions, Match the following, Fill in the blanks, Choose the
odd man out, Choose the incorrect/Correct pair, Assertion-Reason, Choose the correct or
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incorrect statement) are given in each chapter.

Comprehensive Additional VSA, SA, LA, HOTS questions with answers are given in each
chapter.
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All the diagrams are included and neatly labeled.

Govt. Model Question Paper-2018, First Mid-Term Test, Quarterly Exam - 2018 and Half yearly
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Exam - 2018 Questions are incorporated at appropriate sections.

Govt. Model Question Paper (Short version and Long version), Sura Model Question paper
and March-2019 Question paper with Answer Key.
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Guides : ✤ Sura’s Zoology Long Version (EM/ TM)
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Also available 1 Mark Q & A (EM/TM),2,3 Marks (EM/TM) and 5 Marks Q & A
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(ii)

NOTE FROM PUBLISHER
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It gives me great pride and pleasure in bringing to you Sura’s Zoology Guide
(Vol-1&2) for 11th Standard. It is prepared as per the New Syllabus and New Textbooks
Volume I & II. A deep understanding of the text and exercises is rudimentary to have
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an insight into the subject. The students have to carefully understand the topics and
exercises.
Sura’s Zoology 11th Standard Guide encompasses all the requirements of the
students to comprehend the text and the evaluation of the textbook.
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It will be a teaching companion to teachers and a learning companion to students.
As the guide has been framed based on the ‘New 100 Marks Pattern’ and the
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public exam question paper is for short version 35 Marks & Long version 70 Marks, it
provides a precise and clear understanding of text and exercises from the examination
perspective.
 Chapter Snapshot, Concept Map, Must know Definitions are given in all chapters.
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 Exhaustive Additional MCQs, VSA, SA, LA, HOTS questions with answers are
given in each chapter.
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 These features will help students practice and learn effectively all the sections
of the textbooks.
In order to learn effectively, I advise students to learn the subject sectionwise and
practice the exercises given.
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Though these salient features are available in our Guide, I cannot negate the
indispensable role of the teachers in assisting the student to understand the subject
thoroughly.
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I sincerely believe this guide satisfies the needs of the students and bolsters the
teaching methodologies of the teachers.
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I pray the almighty to bless the students for consummate success in their
examinations.
Subash Raj, B.E., M.S.
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- Publisher
Sura Publications
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All the Best
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Contents
Volume - I
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UNIT I
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Chapter 1 Living World................................................................................................... 1 - 16
Chapter 2 Kingdom Animalia........................................................................................ 17 - 38
UNIT II
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Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation ........................................................................ 39 - 52
Chapter 4 Organ and Organ Systems in Animals.......................................................... 53 - 72
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UNIT III
Chapter 5 Digestion and Absorption............................................................................. 73 - 88
Chapter 6 Respiration................................................................................................. 89 - 104
Chapter 7
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Body Fluids and Circulation..................................................................... 105 - 126
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Volume - II
UNIT III
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Chapter 8 Excretion�� 127 - 148

UNIT IV
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Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement�� 149 - 168

Chapter 10 Neural Control and Coordination�� 169 - 190
Chapter 11 Chemical Coordination and Integration�� 191 - 210
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Chapter 12 Basic Medical Instruments and Techniques�� 211 - 224

(This Chapter is for only long version not for short version)
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UNIT V
Chapter 13 Trends in Economic Zoology�� 225 - 242
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(This Chapter is chapter 12 in short version)

Bio-Zoology (Short Version) and Zoology (Long Version) Govt.Model Question paper
and Sura Model Question paper with Answer�� 243 - 280
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Zoology
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VOLUME
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I
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Contents
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UNIT I
Chapter 1 Living World............................................................................... 1 - 16
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Chapter 2 Kingdom Animalia.................................................................... 17 - 38
UNIT II o
Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation .................................................... 39 - 52
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Chapter 4 Organ and Organ Systems in Animals....................................... 53 - 72
UNIT III
Chapter 5 Digestion and Absorption.......................................................... 73 - 88
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Chapter 6 Respiration.............................................................................. 89 - 104
Chapter 7 Body Fluids and Circulation.................................................. 105 - 126

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Chapter UNIT - I
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1 The Living World
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CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
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1.1 Diversity in the Living World
1.2 Need for Classification
1.3 Taxonomy and Systematics
1.4 Three Domains of Life
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1.5 Taxonomic hierarchy

1.6 Nomenclature
1.7 Concept of Species
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1.8 Tools for Study of Taxonomy

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[1]

2 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 1 ✫ The Living World
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THE LIVING WORLD
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↓
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Diversity in the Nomenclature Taxonomical tools
Three Domains
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Living world The process of assigning
scientific names to animals Taxonomical keys
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Archaea (Extremophiles) or taxonomic group is
↓
Living organisms Eg: Methanogens called Nomenclature.

↓ ↓
Museum
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Non-Living organisms Bacteria Zoological Parks
↓
Eg: Cyanobacteria
Marine Parks
Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
↓
Eg: Protista Printed

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Taxonomic Hierarchy
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↓
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Kingdom Class Family Species
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All living animals It inclues a group of

It includes one or It is a Basic unit of
belonging to various related genera with less
more related orders Classification
phyla. similarity as compared
with some common
characters to genus and species
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Phylum Order Genus

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The group of classes with It is a group of closely related It is a group of closely related
similar distinctive characteristics families which show few species which have evolved
constitute a phylum. common features from a common ancestor
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Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 1 ✫ The Living World 3
MUST KNOW DEFINITIONS

Bio-diversity : The presence of a large number of species in a particular ecosystem is called
'Biological diversity' or in short Bio-diversity.
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Taxonomy : It is the process of classifying living organisms into different taxa.
Systematics : The branch of science which deals with different features of species, their
diversities, and relationships with other species is referred to as Systematics.
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Species : Species is the basic unit of Classification.
Genus : It is a group of closely related species which have evolved from a common
ancestor.
Monotypic genus : In some genus there is only one species which is called as Monotypic genus.
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Polytypic genus : If there are more than one species in the genus it is known as Polytypic genus.
Family : It is a taxonomic category which includes a group of related genera with less
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similarity as compared to genus and species.
Order : One or more similar families are grouped together to form an order.
Class : This category includes one or more related orders with some common
characters.
Phylum :
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The group of classes with similar distinctive characteristics constitute a
Phylum.
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Kingdom : All living animals belonging to various phyla are included in the Kingdom
Animalia and it is the top most of the taxonomic hierarchy.
Nomenclature : The procss of assigning scientific names to animals or taxonomic group is
called Nomenclature.
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ICZN : International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Tautonymy : The practice of naming the animals in which the generic name and speices
name are the same is called Tautonymy. Eg: Naja naja (Indian Cobra).
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Taxonomical keys : Keys are based on comparative analysis of the similarities and disimilarities
of organisms.
DNA Barcoding : Short genetic marker in a organism's DNA which helps in identification.
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DNA hybridization : Measures the degree of genetic similarity between pools of DNA sequences.
DNA finger printing : To identify an individual from a sample of DNA by looking at unique patterns
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in their DNA.
RFLP : Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms.
RFLP analysis : Difference in homologous DNA sequences that can be detected by the presence
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of fragments of different lengths after digestion of the DNA samples.

Polymerase chain Reaction : To amplify a specific gene, or portion of gene.
(PCR) Sequencing
ALIS : Automated Leafhopper Indentification System.
DAISY : Digital Automated Identification System.

ABIS : Automatic Bee Identification System.
SPIDA : Species Identified Automatically. Eg: Spiders, Wasp and Bee wing Characters.
Draw wing : Honey bee wing identification.
INOTAXA : INtegrated Open TAXonomic Access.
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EVALUATION
1. A living organism is differentiated from 7. Cladogram considers the following characters
non-living structure based on
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(a) Physiological and Biochemical
(a) Reproduction (b) Growth
(b) Evolutionary and Phylogenetic
(c) Metabolism (d) All the above
[Ans. (d) All the above] (c) Taxonimic and systematic
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(d) None of the above
2. A group of organisms having similar traits of a
rank is [Ans. (b) Evolutionary and Phylogenetic]
(a) Species (b) Taxon 8. Molecular taxonomic tool consists of [GMQP-2018]
(c) Genus (d) Family

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[Ans. (b) Taxon]
(a) DNA and RNA
(b) Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum
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3. Every unit of classification regardless of its rank
(c) Cell wall and Membrane proteins
is
(a) Taxon (b) Variety (d) All the above [Ans. (a) DNA and RNA]
(c) Species (d) Strain
[Ans. (a) Taxon] 9. Differentiate between probiotics and pathogenic
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bacteria. [QY-2018]
4. Which of the following is not present on same
rank? Ans. Pathogenic
S.No. Probiotic bacteria
(a) Primata (b) Orthoptera bacteria
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(c) Diptera (d) Insecta 1. Beneficial bacteria. Disease Causing

[Ans. (a) Primata] bacteria.
2. Converts Milk into Causes Disease in
5. What taxonomicaid gives comprehensive
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Curd plants & animals

information about a taxon?
3 Eg: Vibrio cholerae Eg: Lactobacillus
(a) Taxonomic Key (b) Herbarium (cholera)
(c) Flora (d) Monograph
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[Ans. (a) Taxonomic Key] 10. Why mule is sterile in nature?

6. Who coined the term Bio-diversity? Ans. Mules are produced by mating of male donkey and
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(a) Walter Rosen (b) AG Tansley

female horse. Mules are sterile animals because they
(c) Aristotle (d) AP de Candole
cannot produce gametes due to problems in pairing
[Ans. (a) Walter Rosen]
up of chromosomes. They have odd number of
chromosomes.

11. List any five salient features of the family Felidae. 3. They tend to wander outside of forest in search
Ans. Salient features of the family Felidae : of food or shelter and enter into human living
1. They are commonly called as wild cat family. area.
They have adaptations to detect and hunt prey. 4. Decrease in availability of clean water due to
2. They are meat eaters (carnivores). pollution.
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3. They have cutting teeth to shear meat. Canine 5. The reality is that we have entered into the
teeth are large and sharp. habitats of animals.
4. Their sizes vary from 2 kgs to 300 kgs. 14. What is the difference between a Zoo and wild life
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5. They have acute senses - hearing, smell, vision sanctuary?
and touch. Ans. Zoo:
6. They have well padded toes with powerful and 1. A Zoo is a place where animals are held in
flexible bodies. Eg: Lion, Tigers, Cats. capitivity and Public is allowed to visit and see
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12. What is the role of Charles Darwin in relation to the animals. It is a artificially created habitat.
concept of species? 2. A Zoo can sell, buy, breed or trade animals.
Ans. 1. Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands as Wild life sanctuary:
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a naturalist on a five year voyage around South 1. A wild life sanctuary is a large area with natural
America. He found 13 types of "Mocking birds" surrounding where the animals are allowed to
on the same island but in different habitats. roam freely.
2. He brought back the different types and studied
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them. He found that only the beak pattern and humans cannot enter the area. The animal gets
usage was different in these different varieties. the feel of a natural surrounding.
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3. This made him think that adaptation to suit a 3. In many cases sanctuaries focus on maintaining
particular habitat (for food) had brought about and increasing the population of a particular
such changes in these birds which lived in species. Eg: Kaziranga sanctuary in Assam
different habitats. focuses on Rhinoceros population.
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4. After some time they evolved into different

15. Can we use recent molecular tools to identify and
species. The formation of new species or classify organisms? [OR]
'speciation' is brought about by Natural selection Name the molecular taxonomical tool and their
(Nature being the deciding factor). application.
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[QY-2018]
5. Hence Darwin gets this credit of attempting to Ans. Yes, we can.
explain how species evolved and role of Natural Molecular taxonomical tools :
selection. The birds are referred to as Darwin's
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Technological advancement has helped to evolve

finches. In 1859 Charles Darwin in his book
molecular taxonomical tools from classical tools to
Origin of Species explains the evolutionary
molecular tools. The accuracy and authenticity is
connection of species by the process of natural
more significant in the molecular tools.
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selection.
I. The following methods are being used for
13. Why elephants and other wild animals are taxonomical classification.
entering into human living area?
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a) DNA barcoding - Uses short genetic marker in

Ans. 1. Man is destroying forests. Deforestation is
an organism’s DNA to identify it as belonging to
increasing due to rapid urbanisation and increase a particular species.
in human population.
b) DNA hybridization - measures the
2. When habitats are destroyed, the animals living
degree of genetic similarity between pools
there could not find food and shelter.
of DNA sequences.

c) DNA fingerprinting - to identify an individual
from a sample of DNA by looking at unique ADDITIONAL
patterns in their DNA.
d) Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Choose the Correct Answers 1 MARK
(RFLP) analysis - difference in homologous
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I. Choose the Correct options for the below
DNA sequences that can be detected by the Questions:
presence of fragments of different lengths after
1. Who coined the word Taxonomy?
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digestion of the DNA samples.
(a) Linnaeus (b) Candolle
e) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - (c) Aristotle (d) John Ray
sequencing to amplify a specific gene, or portion [Ans. (b) Candolle]
of gene. 2. Who is the father of Taxonomy?
s.
II. Neo taxonomical tools – This is based on Electron (a) Aristotle (b) Linnaeus
Microscopy images to study the molecular (c) Bauhin (d) John Ray
[Ans. (a) Aristotle]
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structures of cell organelles.
3. Who is known as father of botany?
16. Explain the role of Latin and Greek names in (a) Aristotle (b) Linnaeus
Biology. (c) Theophrastus (d) John Ray
[Ans. (c) Theophrastus]
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Ans. 1. Knowledge of prefixes and suffixes in biology
makes it easy to understand unfamiliar words. 4. Who proposed three domain classification?
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Biology involve lot of descriptive words and it (a) Carl woese (b) Ernst Haeckel
is easy to adopt names from Greek and Latin. (c) Whittaker (d) Theophrastus
[Ans. (a) Carl woese]
Many words used in Biology are derived from
Greek or Latin. 5. Who introduced the concept of a Cladogram?
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(a) Haeckel (b) Woese

Eg: 'autos' is greek word which means self.
(c) Whittaker (d) John Ray
autophagy Biological terms having [Ans. (a) Haeckel]
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autotroph 'auto' as prefix 6. Who introduced the seven kingdom system of

classification?
Autophagy means self destruction.
(a) John Ray (b) Smith
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Autotroph means manufacture of own food. (c) Bauhin (d) Linnaeus

'bis' is a latin word which means twice. [Ans. (b) Smith]
Binary fission, Bicuspid valve are Biological
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II. Choose the Correct options for the below

terms based on this.
Fill in the blanks:
Meaning:
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1. The seven kingdom system of classification was

Binary fission - Divide in two
proposed by _______. [First Mid-2018]
Bicuspid - Two flaps. (a) Coral Woese (b) R.H. Whittakar
2. Usage of Greek and Latin words also finds (c) John ray (d) Cavalier Smith
universal application. [Ans. (b) R.H. Whittakar]

2. The mind map Cladogram was introduced by 11. ______ was the first to classify animals.
[QY-2018] (a) Aristotle (b) Linnaeus
(a) Aristot1e (b) R.H. Whittaker (c) Theophrastus (d) Haeckel
(c) Earnest Hackel (d) Carlous L nnaeus [Ans. (a) Aristotle]
[Ans. (a) Aristot1e] 12. Five kingdom system of classification was given
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3. The beneficial bacterias are known as [HY-2018] by ______.
(a) pathogens (b) probiotic (a) Woese (b) Whittaker
(c) Linnaeus (d) Cronquist
(c) cyanobacteria (d) plasmid
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[Ans. (b) Whittaker]
[Ans. (b) probiotic]
13. Genus Felis refers to ______.
4. _____ is the father of modern taxonomy and
(a) Dogs (b) Sparrow
found of systematics.
(c) Cat (d) Monkeys
(a) Linnaeus (b) Aristotle
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[Ans. (c) Cat]
(c) John Ray (d) Bauhin
[Ans. (a) Linnaeus] 14. "Historia Generalis Plantarum" was written by
______.
5. Book written by Darwin _____.
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(a) Linnaeus (b) Aristotle
(a) Historia Generalis (b) Origin of species (c) John Ray (d) Bauhin
(c) Systema Naturae (d) Phylogeny of plants [Ans. (c) John Ray]
[Ans. (b) Origin of species]
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6. _____ was developed by Natural History Museum, III. Identify the correct Statements:
London. 1. Identify the correct statements from the below
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(a) SPIDA (b) ABIS (I) Binomial Nomenclature popularised by Carolus
(c) DAISY (d) INOTAXA Linnaeus.
[Ans. (d) INOTAXA] (II) Kingdom Animalia is the top most of taxonomic
7. _____ is called the bird man of India. hierarchy.
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(a) Dr. Subramaniam (b) Dr. Salim Ali (III) Genus is the basic unit of classification.
(c) Whittaker (d) Varad Giri (IV) Curd is one of the best sources of probiotics.
[Ans. (b) Dr. Salim Ali] (a) I, II and IV only (b) I and IV only
(c) II and IV only (d) I and III only
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8. Species plantarum was written by ______

(a) Linnaeus (b) Woese [Ans. (a) I, II and IV only]
(c) Theophrastus (d) Darwin 2. Identify the correct statements from the below
[Ans. (a) Woese] (I) Species is the basic unit of classification.
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9. ______ established species as the ultimate unit of (II) Only one species in the genus is called
taxonomy. (He coined the term species). monotypic genus.
(III) More than one species in the genus is called
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(a) Aristotle (b) Linnaeus

(c) John Ray (d) Bauhin polytypic genus.
[Ans. (c) John Ray] (IV) Male tiger and female lion results in Liger.
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(a) I, II and IV only (b) I and II only

10. Cladistics is based on ______.
(a) Natural characters (b) Reproductive organs (c) I and III only (d) I, II and III only
(c) Molecular studies (d) Phylogeny [Ans. (d) I, II and III only]
[Ans. (d) Molecular studies]

3. Identify the correct statements from the below IV. Identify the wrong statements :
“Domain Archaea”
(I) This domain includes single celled organism, 1. Identify the wrong statement from the below.
prokaryotes. (a) Binomial Nomenclature was proposed by Huxley
(II) Prokaryotes have the ability to grow in extreme and Stricklandt.
conditions, like volcano vents etc., (b) The scientific names of any two organisms are
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(III) They are capable of synthesizing their food not similar.
without sunlight. (c) Generic name's first alphabet should be in
(IV) Their wall contains peptidoglycans. uppercase.
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(a) I and III only (b) I, II and III only (d) The scientific name ensures that each organism
has only one name.
(c) I and IV only (d) I and II only
[Ans. (a) Binomial Nomenclature was proposed
[Ans. (b) I, II and III only]
by Huxley and Stricklandt]
4. Identify the correct statements from the below.
2. Identify the wrong statement from the below.
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(a) Group of classes with similar distinctive
(a) DNA barcoding is a short genetic marker in an
characteristics.
organisms.
(b) These classes share some common features like
(b) DNA hybridisation measures the degree of
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notochord.
genetic similarity.
(c) It is the top most of the taxonomic hierarchy.
(c) ABIS is Automtic Bird Identification system.
(d) Also share common features like dorsal tubular
(d) DNA fingerprinting to identify an individual
nerve cord. [Ans. (c) It is the top most of the from a sample of DNA.
taxonomic hierarchy]
o [Ans. (c) ABIS is Automtic Bird Identification
system]
5. Identify the correct statements from the below
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(I) Monera is the kingdom of Prokaryotes 3. Identify the wrong statement from the below.
(II) Protista is the kingdom of unicellular (a) The scientific name Homo sapiens denotes
eukaryotes. human.
(III) Fungi is the kingdom of multicellular (b) Animals with blood is calssified as Enaima.
Eukaryotes. (c) Aristotle would have not classified Ostrich, emu
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(IV) Plantae is the autotrophic and animalia is and penguin as birds.

the consumers of multicellular eukaryotic (d) The species name should be in uppercase.
kingdoms. [Ans. (d) The species name should be in
(a) I, III and IV only (b) I, II and IV only uppercase]
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(c) I, II, III and IV (d) II, III and IV only

[Ans. (c) I, II, III and IV] V. Match the following :
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6. Identify the correct statements from the below 1. 1. Huxley (i) Origin of species
(I) Thermus aquatics is a bacterium which can 2. John Ray (ii) Trinominal
tolerate high temperatures. Nomenclature
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(II) The first DNA polymerase enzyme was isolated 3. Carolus (iii) Species
from thermus aquatics. Linnaeus
(III) T. aquatics used in polymerase chain reaction
4. Charles Drawin (iv) Systema naturae
(PCR) for DNA amplification.
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(IV) Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic blue green 1 2 3 4

algae. (a) i ii iii iv
(a) I and IV only (b) II and III only (b) ii iii iv i
(c) I and II only (d) I, II, III and IV (c) ii iv i iii
[Ans. (d) I, II, III and IV] (d) i iv iii ii
[Ans. (b) 1 - ii, 2 - iii, 3 - iv, 4 - i]

2. 1. Tautonymy (i) Cats 1 2 3 4

2. Monotypic genus (ii) Tigon (a) iv iii ii i
3. Polypic genus (iii) Red pande (b) iii ii iv i
4. Sterile offspring (iv) The Indian cobra (c) iv iii ii i
(d) i iii iv ii
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1 2 3 4 [Ans. (c) 1 - iv, 2 - iii, 3 - ii, 4 - i]
(a) i ii iii iv
(b) iv iii i ii
VI. Identify the correct assertion and reason:
(c) i ii iv iii
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(d) ii iii iv i 1. Assertion (A) : The Prokaryotes which have the
[Ans. (b) 1 - iv, 2 - iii, 3 - i, 4 - ii] ability to grow in extreme condition.
3. 1. Carl woese (i)
Father of modern Reason (R) : Prokaryotes can grow in volcano
taxonomy vents, hot springs and polar ice caps, hence are
s.
2. R. H. whittaker (ii) Father of called extremophites.
taxonomy They are capable of synthesizing their food
without sunlight and oxygen by utilizing hydrogen
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3. Aristole (iii) Three domain
classification sulphide and other chemicals from the volconic
4. Carolus Linnaeus (iv) Five kingdom vents.
classification. (a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(b) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)
1 2 3 4
o (c) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
(a) i ii iv iii
(d) (R) is wrong and (A) is correct
ab
(b) iii i iv ii
(c) iii iv ii i [Ans. (b) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)]
(d) ii iii iv i 2. Assertion (A) : Group of classes with similar
[Ans. (c) 1 - iii, 2 - iv, 3 - ii, 4 - i] distinctive characteristics constitute a phylum.
Reason (R) : These classes share some
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4. 1. Male horse and female (i) Mule

Donkey common features like presence of a notochord
2. Male Donkey and female (ii) Hinny and a dorsal tubular nerve cord.
Horse (a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
.s
3. Male Lion and female Tiger (iii) Tigon (b) (A) is correct and (R) is wrong
4. Male Tiger and female Lion (iv) Liger (c) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)
(d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
1 2 3 4
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(a) i ii iii iv [Ans. (c) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)]
(b) ii iii i iv 3. Assertion (A) : Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic
(c) ii i iv iii blue green algae which produce oxygen.
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(d) i iii iv ii Reason (R) : Cyanobacteria played a key role

[Ans. (c) 1 - ii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - iii] in the changes of atmospheric oxygen levels from
anaerobic to acerobic during the geologic periods.
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5. 1. Felis margarita (i) The Indian Cobra

(a) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
2. Felis silvestris (ii) Red panda
(c) (A) is correct and (R) does not explains (A)
3. Ailurus fulgens (iii) Wild cat
(d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
4. Naja naja (iv) Jungle cat
[Ans. (a) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)]

VII. Identify the correct options for the parts 2. (a) Animalia - Heterotrophic
of the diagram : (b) Plantae - Heterotrophic
(c) Biodiversity - Aristotle
1. Identify the name of the sterile offsprings from (d) Taxonomy - Walter Rosen
the below diagram [Ans. (a) Animalia - Heterotrophic]
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IX. Identify the Incorrect pair from the below:
1. (a) Cytosol ribosomes - 80s type
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(b) Chloroplast ribosomes - 70s type
(a) Mule (b) Liger (c) Curd - Probiotics
(c) Tigon (d) Hinny (d) Cyanobacteria - Lactobacillus sp
[Ans. (d) Hinny] [Ans. (d) Cyanobacteria - Lactobacillus sp]
s.
2. Identify the correct option from the below about 2. (a) Polar ice caps - Extremophiles
"Red panda". (b) Domain Bacteria - Peptidoglycans
(c) Domain Eukaryo - True nucleus
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(d) 3 domains of life - Cavalier-smith
[Ans. (d) 3 domains of life - Cavalier-smith]
X. Identify Odd-man :
(a) Monotypic genus
o the out from the below
(b) Polytypic genus 1. Identify the odd-man out from the below.
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(c) Sterle offspring (a) Bacteria (b) Chromista
(d) Tautonymy [Ans. (a) Monotypic genus] (c) Eukarya (d) Archaea
3. Identify the correct option from the below [Ans. (b) Chromista]
diagram. Reason: Chromista is in the “The Seven - Kingdom
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system”. Others are included in the “The Six –

Kingdom system”.
2. Identify the odd-man out from the below.
(a) Mule (b) Liger
.s
(c) Red Panda (d) Tigon

(a) John Ray [Ans. (c) Red Panda]
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
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Reason: Except Red Panda, all others are Sterile

(c) Dr. Subramaniam Bhupathy offsprings.
(d) Walter Rosen
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[Ans. (c) Dr. Subramaniam Bhupathy] Very Short Answers 2 MARKS
VIII. Identify the Correct pair from the below: 1. Expand the abbreviations DAISY and ABIS.
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[GMQP-2018]
1. (a) Monera - Eukaryotic Ans. DAISY → Digital Automated Identification
(b) Protista - Prokaryotic System.
(c) Fungi - Prokaryotic ABIS → Automatic Bee Identification System.
(d) Plantae - Eukaryotic
[Ans. (d) Plantae - Eukaryotic]

2. What are methanogens? [HY-2018] 8. Which is the basic unit of classification?

Ans. The domain archaea includes single celled
Ans. Species is the basic unit of classification in the
organisms, the prokaryotes which have the ability to
grow extreme conditions like polar ice caps, volcano taxonomic hierarchial system. It is a group of animals
vents, etc., Some of them produced methane is called having similar morphological features (traits) and is
methanogens. reproductively isolated to produce fertile offspring.
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3. What is Biodiversity?
9. What is Binomial Nomenclature?
Ans. 1. The presence of a large number of species in
a particular ecosystem is called ‘Biological Ans. 1. Biologists follow universally accepted principles
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diversity’ or in short ‘Biodiversity’. to provide scientific names to known organisms.
2. The term Biodiversity was first introduced 2. Each name has two components, a generic name
by Walter Rosen (1985), and defined by
and a specific epithet. This system of naming
E.D. Wilson.
the organism is called Binomial Nomenclature
s.
4. Define Taxonomy.
which was popularised by Carolus Linnaeus.
Ans. 1. Taxonomy (G. taxis- arrangement ; nomos-
law) is the science of arrangement of living Eg:
The National Bird (Indian Peafowl) –
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organisms along with classification, description, Pavo cristatus,
identification, and naming of organisms The National Animal (tiger) – Panthera
which includes all flora and fauna including
microorganisms of the world. tigris,
2. The word taxonomy was coined by Augustin The Tamil Nadu State bird (common
Pyramus de Candole (1813).
o Emerald dove) – Chalcophaps indica.
ab
5. How did Aristotle classify animals based on the 10. Does Indian Cobra come under the list of
presence or absence of red blood?
tautonymy? Why?
Ans. Based on the presence or absence of red blood he
classified the animals into two categories. Ans. The practice of naming the animals in which the
1. Enaima - with blood generic name and species name are the same, is called
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2. Anaima - without blood. Tautonymy. Eg: Naja naja (The Indian Cobra).
6. Mention the subdivisions of Five Kingdom
11. Name the classical taxonomical tools.
classification.
.s
Ans. 1. R.H.Whittaker (1969) proposed the Five Ans. 1. Taxonomical keys

Kingdom Classification. 2. Museum
2. The Kingdoms defined by him were Monera, 3. Zoological park
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Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on

the cell structure, mode of nutrition, mode of 4. Printed Taxonomical tools
reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. 5. Marine parks
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7. How do Bacteria differ from Eukaryotes? 12. Name some Molecular taxonomic tools used.
Ans. Ans. 1. DNA barcoding
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No. Bacteria Eukaryotes 2. DNA hybridization

1. No defined Defined nucleus with 3. DNA Finger printing
Nucleus, circular nuclear membrane and
DNA seen. linear chromosomes. 4. Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR)
2. 70s Ribosomes are 80s Ribosomes are seen 5. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
seen in the cell. in the cell. analysis (RELP).

13. Give examples of Cyber tools employed in 3. Are Cladograms and cladistics trees the same?
taxonomic studies. (any two) Ans. 1. Studies on the evolutionary and genetic
Ans. 1. ALIS - Automated Leaf hopper Identification relationships among organisms, led to the emerge
System. of phylogenetic classification or cladistics.
2. DAISY - D
igital Automated Identification 2. It is an evolutionary classification which
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summarizes the genetic differences between all
System.
species in the ‘phylogenetic tree’.
14. What is INOTAXA? 3. Ernst Haeckal introduced the method of
Ans. 1. e-Taxonomic resources – INOTAXA is an representing evolutionary relationships with the
co
electronic resource for digital images and help of a tree diagram known as cladogram.
description about the species which was 4. Give a Schematic representation of Three domain
developed by Natural History Museum, London. classification.
2. INOTAXA means INtegrated Open TAXonomic
s.
Three Domains
Access. Ans. (Carl Woese, 1977)
15. Name the books written by Linnaeus.
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Ans. Species Plantarum (1753) and Systema Naturae Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
(Extremophiles Cyanobacteria (Eukaryotes)
(1758).
Methanogens, & Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi,
Halophiles, Beneficial & Plants and
Short Answers 3 MARKS Thermoacidophiles pathogenic Animals
o
1. Construct a Cladogram with the given examples.
(Catfish, Frog, Crocodile, Crow, Rabbit and
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Monkey) [GMQP-2018] 5. What are the salient features of Three domain
Ans. classification.
Example of a Cladogram
Ans. 1. Carl Woese and his coworkers classified
organisms based on the difference in 16s rRNA
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genes.
2. This system adds the taxon 'domain' higher than
the kingdom.
.s
3. Prokaryotes are separated into two domains -

Bacteria and Archaea and all the Eukaryotes are
placed in the domain Eukarya.
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4. Archaea appears to have more in common with

the Eukarya than the Bacteria.
5. Archaea differ from bacteria in cell wall
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2. What is the need for classification? composition and differs from bacteria and
eukaryotes in membrane composition and rRNA
Ans. The basic need for classification is:
types
1. To identify and differentiate closely related
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species. 6. Mention the Subdivisions of the seven kingdom

classification.
2. To know the variation among the species.
Ans. 1. Cavalier-Smith revised the six kingdom system
3. To understand the evolution of the species.
to Seven Kingdom system.
4. To create a phylogenetic tree among the different
groups 2. The concept of super kingdom was introduced
and revised to seven kingdom classification.
5. To easily study living organisms

3. The classification is divided into two Super 12. What is Systematics?

Kingdoms (Prokaryota and Eukaryota) and Ans. 1. The main criteria of systematics is identifying,
seven kingdoms, two Prokaryotic Kingdoms describing, naming, arranging, preserving and
(Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) and five
documenting the organisms.
Eukaryotic Kingdoms (Protozoa, Chromista,
Fungi, Plantae and Animalia). 2. Evolutionary history of the species and the
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environmental adaptations and interrelationship
Seven kingdom
between species are also being investigated in
Eubacteria Archae Protozoa Chromista Fungi Plantae Animalia systematics.
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7. How does monotypic genus differ from polytypic Long answers 5 MARKS
genus? 1. How do you distinguish shark fish from cat fish?
Ans. Genus: It is a group of closely related species which Ans. [GMQP-2018]
s.
have evolved from a common ancestor. In some
No Shark fish Cat fish
genus there is only one species which is called as
monotypic genus Eg: Red Panda 1. It is a cat laginous It is a bony fish and
fish and belongs belongs to the class
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If there are more than one species in the genus it is
known as polytypic genus, for example ‘cats’ come to the class osteichthyes.
under the Genus Felis, which has a number of closely chondrichthyes
related species. 2. The skeleton is The skeleton is made
made of cartilage of calcified bones.
8. What is Phylogeny?
o 3. Upper Jaw of shark Some bony fishes
Ans. Phylogeny – Relationships among various biological
is not attached to also have a second set
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species based upon similarities and differences in
the skill and moves of jaws (Pharyngeal
their physical or genetic characteristics.
independently. Jaws)
9. What are Threatened species? 4. The gill slits of The gills are covered
Ans. Threatened species – Species which are vulnerable to shark are visible by a bony plate.
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endangerment in the near future. and not protected

10. What is the purpose of phylogenetic tree? 5. Presence of third The eye has no
eyelid to protect protective coverings.
.s
Ans. A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching

the eye.
diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary
relationships upon similarities and differences in their 2. What are the rules of Nomenclature? [QY-2018]
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physical or genetic characteristics. It is applicable to Ans. Rules of Nomenclature :

biological species in cladistics. 1. The scientific name should be italicized in
printed form and if handwritten, it should be
11. Distinguish between Shared character and
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underlined separately.
Derived character?
Ans. 1. In a cladogram a shared character is one that 2. The generic name’s (Genus) first alphabet should
be in uppercase.
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two lineages have in common

2. Derived character is one that evolved in the 3. The specific name (species) should be in lowercase.
lineage leading up to a clade. 4. The scientific names of any two organisms are
not similar.

5. The name or abbreviated name of the scientist 4. What are the three Domain system of classification
who first publishes the scientific name may be based on the difference in 16S rRNA?
written after the species name along with the Ans. Three domain classification was proposed by Carl
year of publication. Woese (1977) and his co-workers. They classified
6. Eg: Lion-Felis leo Linn., 1758 or Felis leo L., organisms based on the difference in 16S rRNA
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1758. genes. The three domain system adds the taxon
7. If the species name is framed after any person’s ‘domain’ higher than the kingdom.
name the name of the species shall end with i, ii
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or are. THREE DOMAINS
(Carl Woese, 1977)
8. Eg: A new species of a ground-dwelling lizard
(Cyrtodactylus) has been discovered and
named after Scientist Varad Giri, Cyrtodactylus ARCHAEA EUKARYA
BACTERIA
s.
varadgiri. (Extremophiles) (Eukaryotes)
Cyanobacteria &
Methanogens, Protista, Fungi,
3. List the rules of Nomenclature as given by ICZN? Eubacteria, beneficial &
Halophiles, Plants and
pathogenic
Thermoacidophiles Animals
Ans. Rules of Nomenclature :
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1. The scientific name should be italicized in Domain Archaea:
printed form and if handwritten, it should be 1. Single celled organisms, the prokaryotes which
underlined separately. have the ability to grow in extreme conditions
o like volcano vents, hot springs and polar ice caps,
2. The generic name’s (Genus) first alphabet should hence are also called extremophiles.
be in uppercase. 2. Capable of synthesizing their food without
ab
3. The specific name (species) should be in sunlight and oxygen by utilizing hydrogen
sulphide and other chemicals from the volcanic
lowercase.
vents.
4. The scientific names of any two organisms are 3. S o m e o f t h e t h e m p r o d u c e d m e t h a n e
not similar. (methanogens).
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5. The name or abbreviated name of the scientist Domain Bacteria:

who first publishes the scientific name may be 1. Bacteria are prokaryotic, their cells have no
written after the species name along with the definite nucleus and DNA exists as a circular
.s
year of publication. Eg: Lion-Felis leo Linn., chromosomes and do not have histones associated
with it.
1758 or Felis leo L., 1758.
2. Do not possess membrane bound organelles
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6. If the species name is framed after any person’s except for ribosome (70S type). Their cell wall
name the name of the species shall end with i, ii contains peptidoglycans.
or ae. 3. Many are decomposers, some are photo-
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synthesizers and few cause diseases. There

7. Eg: A new species of a ground-dwelling lizard are beneficial probiotic bacteria and harmful
(Cyrtodactylus) has been discovered and pathogenic bacteria.
named after Scientist Varad Giri, Cyrtodactylus
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4. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic blue-green

varadgiri. algae which produce oxygen. It played a key role
in the changes of atmospheric oxygen levels from
anaerobic to aerobic during the early geologic
periods.

Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes): 2. Some of them produce methane (Methanogens).

1. Eukaryotes are animals which have true nucleus 3. Some live in salty environments (Halophiles).
and membrane bound organelles. 4. Some are thermoacidophiles which thrive in
2. DNA in the nucleus is arranged as a linear acidic environments and at high temperature.
chromosome with histone proteins, ribsosomes
2. What is the Significance of Bhupathy's purple
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of 80S type in the cytosol and 70S type in the
frog?
chloroplast and mitochondria.
3. Animals in this domain are classified under Ans. 1. Purple pig nosed Frog was discovered in the
Western Ghats.
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kingdoms, namely, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia. 2. It has shiny purple skin and spends its entire
adult life underground.
5. Write a note on the classical taxonomical tools.
3.
It is called Bhupathy's purple frog by the
Ans. The classical taxonomical tools :
scientists in memory of Subramaniam Bhupathy
s.
1. Taxonomical Keys: Keys are based on a respectable herpetologist who lost his life in
comparative analysis of the similarities and the Western Ghats.
dissimilarities of organisms. There are separate
3. What is the Significance of Thermus aquatics?
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keys for different taxonomic categories.
1. Thermus aquatics is a bacterium which can
2. Museum: Biological museums have collection
tolerate high Temperatures.
of preserved plants and animals for study and
ready reference. Specimens of both extinct and 2. The first DNA polymerase enzyme was isolated
from T. aquaticus. It is used in PCR (Polymerase
living organisms can be studied.
o Chain Reaction ) for DNA amplification.
3. Zoological parks: These are places where wild
ab
animals are kept in protected environments under 4. How can we save endangered species?
human care which enables us to study their food Ans. Saving Endangered Species :
habits and behaviour. 1. The greatest threat to survival is destruction of
4. Marine parks: Marine organisms are maintained habitat. It is important to conserve the habitat or
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in protected enviroments. the special places where the species live.

5. Printed taxonomical tools consist of 2. The animals must have places to find food,
identification cards, description, field guides shelter and care for their young ones.
.s
and manuals. 3. Setting up Zoological parks and nature reserves

will help to conserve the species.
Hots 4. Mutual agreement between countries can help to
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save forests and species in coastal waters.

1. What are extremophiles?
5. Scientists are setting up gene banks to conserve
Ans. Prokaryotes which have the ability to grow in
animals of a species.
extreme conditions like volcano vents, hot springs
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and polar ice caps are called extremophiles. They 6. Several organisations are also working for the
have adaptations such as : protection of endangered species.
1. Capacity to syntheisize their food without 7. Hot spots/areas with high biodiversity must be
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sunlight and oxygen by utilizing hydrogen protected from human intervention to conserve
sulphide and other chemicals from the volcanic the animal and plant species.
vents.

5. Why are sparrows listed as endangered species? 6. Reproduction cannot be considered as a character
Ans. Reasons for reduction in Population of sparrows : to define living organism. Do you agree with this
1. Absence of native plants which provide habitats statement.
(shelter, insects as food etc.) Ans. There are many organisms like the Mules, worker bees
2. Grocery stores being replaced with Super etc. which are sterile but they show the characteristics
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markets (gunny bags were pecked by sparrows of living organism. Hence, Reproduction cannot be
for grains earlier.) considered as a character to define living organisms.
3. Cell phone radiation from Towers. Sparrow 7. Name the kingdom in Five Kingdom Classification
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population is disappearing fast. Thus it is in which organisms lack a nuclear membrane.
important to conserve sparrows which is Ans. Kingdom Monera includes bacteria which are
becoming endangered because every animal is prokaryotic organisms lacking a nuclear membrane.
an important link is an ecosystem.
s.

o ok
ab
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.s
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Unit - I
Chapter
2 Kingdom Animalia
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CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
s.
2.1 Basis of Classification
2.1.1 Levels of organisation
2.1.2 Diploblastic and Triploblastic organisation
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2.1.3 Patterns of Symmetry
2.1.4 Coelom
2.1.5 Segmentation and Notochord
2.2 Classification of Kingdom Animalia
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2.3 Non-Chordates (Invertebrata)
2.3.1 Phylum : Porifera
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2.3.2 Phylum : Cnidaria
2.3.3 Phylum : Ctenophora
2.3.4 Phylum : Platyhelminthes
2.3.5 Phylum : Aschelminthes
2.3.6 Phylum : Annelida
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2.3.7 Phylum : Arthropoda

2.3.8 Phylum : Mollusca
2.3.9 Phylum : Echinodermata
.s
2.3.10 Phylum : Hemichordata

2.4 Phylum : Chordata
2.4.1 Subphylum : Urochordata or Tunicata
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2.4.2 Subphylum : Cephalochordata

2.4.3 Subphylum : Vertebrata
2.4.4 Class : Cyclostomata
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2.4.5 Class : Chondrichthyes

2.4.6 Class : Osteichthyes
2.4.7 Class : Amphibia
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2.4.8 Class : Reptilia

2.4.9 Class : Aves
2.4.10 Class : Mammalia
[17]

18
w
w Classification of Kingdom Animalia based on common
fundamental features
Kingdom
w Levels of Symmetry Body Cavity Phylum
Organisation or Coelom
orders@surabooks.com
Cellular level Porifera
.s
Coelenterata
Animalia (Cnidaria)
(multicellular) Radial
Ctenophora
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Tissue/Organ/
Without body cavity Platyhelminthes

Organ system (aceolomates)
ab
With false coelom Aschelminthes
Bilateral
o
(pseudocoelomates)
CONCEPT MAP
Annelida
Arthropoda
With true coelom Mollusca
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(coelomates) Echinoderma ta
Hemichordata
Chordata
Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 2
s.
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PH: 9600175757 / 8124201000 / 8124301000

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✫ Kingdom Animalia
Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 2 ✫ Kingdom Animalia 19
CONCEPT MAP
Classification of Phylum Chordata
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↓ ↓ ↓
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Sub-Phylum Sub-Phylum Sub-Phylum
Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata
Notochord in Notochord along Notochord is
tail only. entire length of replaced by
Eg: Ascidia body. vertebral column
s.
Eg: Amphioxus. in the adult
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Sub-Phylum Sub-Phylum
Agnatha Gnathostomata
Jawless Vertebrates Jawed Vertebrates
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Class
↓
Cyclostomata
ab
Eg: Lamprey
Class Super-Class Super-Class

Ostrachodermi Pisces Tetrapoda
↓
(Extinct) (True fishes) Typically four

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limbs
.s
Class Class
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Cartilaginous Bony fishes.
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fishes. Eg: Catfish

Eg: Trygon
pristis
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Class Class Class Class

Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia
Eg: Frog, Toad, Eg. Garden Eg: Crow, Eg: Rat, Rabbit,
Salamander Lizard, Pigeon Bat, Whale,
Snake, Turtle, Man
Crocodile

20 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 2 ✫ Kingdom Animalia
Diploblastic Animals : Animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers, the external
m
ectoderm, and internal endoderm are called Diploblastic animals.
Triploblastic Animals : Animals in which the developing embryo has three germinal layers are called
Triploblastic animals.
co
Symmetry : Symmetry is the body arrangement in which parts that lie on opposite side of
an axis are identical.
Asymmetrical : Do not display a symmetry or body plan. Eg: Sponges.
s.
Radial Symmetry : When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides an organism
into two identical parts, it is called radial symmetry.
Biradially symmetrical : Animals which possess two pairs of symmetrical sides are said to be Biradially
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symmetrical.
Bilateral symmetry : In some animals body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only
one plane. This is called bilateral symmetry.
o
Coelom : The presence of Body cavity. True coelom develops within mesoderm.
Acoelomates : Animals which do not posses a body cavity are called Acoelomates Eg: Flatworms.
ab
Pseudocoel : In some animals, the body cavity is not lined by the mesoderm, but the mesoderm
is present as scattered pouches between the ectoderm and endoderm. Such a
body cavity is called a pseudocoel. Animals that posses a pesudocoel are called
Pseudocoelomates Eg: Round worms.
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Schizocoelomates : The body cavity is formed by splitting of mesoderm. Eg. Annelids, Arthropods,
Molluscs. It is a true coelom.
Enterocoelomate : The body cavity is formed from the mesodermal pouches of archenteron.
.s
animals Eg: Echinoderms, Hemichordates and Chordates. It is a true coelom.

Segments : In some animals, the body is externally and internally divided into a series of
repeated units called segments.
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Chordates : Animals which possess notochord at any stage of their development are called
Chordates.
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Cleidoic eggs : Eggs laid on land have a protective shell around them. They are described as
Cleidoic. Eg: Hen's egg.
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EVALUATION
1. The symmetry exhibited in Cnidarians is 9. Which of the following have the highest number
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(a) Radial (b) Bilateral of species in nature?
(c) Pentamerous radial (d) Asymmetrical (a) Insects (b) Birds
[Ans. (a) Radial] (c) Angiosperms (d) Fungi
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2. Sea anemone belongs to phylum [Ans. (a) Insects]
(a) Protozoa (b) Porifera 10. Which of the following is a crustacean?
(c) Coelenterata (d) Echinodermata
(a) Prawn (b) Snail
[Ans. (c) Coelenterata]
s.
(c) Sea anemone (d) Hydra
3. The excretory cells that are found in
[Ans. (a) Prawn]
platyhelminthes are
(a) Protonephridia (b) Flame cells 11. The respiratory pigment in cockroach is
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(c) Solenocytes (d) All of these (a) Haemoglobin (b) Haemocyanin
[Ans. (b) Flame cells] (c) Haemoerythrin (d) None of the above
4. In which of the following organisms, self [Ans. (d) None of the above]
fertilization is seen. 12. Exoskeleton of which phylum consists of chitinous
(a) Fish (b) Round worm
o cuticle?
(c) Earthworm (d) Liver fluke (a) Annelida (b) Porifera
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[Ans. (d) Liver fluke]
(c) Arthropoda (d) Echinodermata
5. Nephridia of Earthworms are performing the [Ans. (c) Arthropoda]
same functions as 13. Lateral line sense organs occur in [GMQP-2018]
(a) Gills of prawn
(a) Salamander (b) Frog
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(b) Flame cells of Planaria

(c) Water snake (d) Fish [Ans. (d) Fish]
(c) Trachea of insects
(d) Nematoblasts of Hydra 14. The limbless amphibian is
[Ans. (b) Flame cells of Planaria] (a) Icthyophis (b) Hyla
.s
6. Which of the following animals has a true coelom ? (c) Rana (d) Salamander
(a) Ascaris (b) Pheretima [Ans. (a) Icthyophis]
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(c) Sycon (d) Taenia solium 15. Four chambered heart is present in
[Ans. (b) Pheretima] (a) Lizard (b) Snake
7. Metameric segmentation is the main feature of (c) Scorpion (d) Crocodile
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(a) Annelida (b) Echinodermata [Ans. (d) Crocodile]

(c) Arthropoda (d) Coelenterata
16. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
[Ans. (a) Annelida]
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(a) Humans – Ureotelic

8. In Pheretima locomotion occurs with the help of
(b) Birds – Uricotelic
(a) circular muscles
(b) longitudinal muscles and setae (c) Lizards – Uricotelic
(c) circular, longitudinal muscles and setae (d) Whale – Ammonotelic
(d) parapodia [Ans. (d) Whale – Ammonotelic]
[Ans. (c) circular, longitudinal muscles and setae]

17. Which of the following is an egg laying mammal? 2. Animals show symmetry. They may be radially
(a) Delphinus (b) Macropus symmetrical or bilaterally symmetrical. Few
(c) Ornithorhynchus (d) Equus animals like sponges lack symmetry.
[Ans. (c) Ornithorhynchus] 3. Most animals posses a body cavity between
18. Pneumatic bones are seen in the body wall and alimentary canal and is lined
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(a) Mammalia (b) Aves with mesoderm. This is called coelom. Some
(c) Reptilia (d) Sponges animals lack coelom (acoelomate) or have false
coelom (Pseudocoelomate).
[Ans. (b) Aves]
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4. Reproduction is a character seen in all animals.
19. Match the following columns and select the (asexual/sexual or both).
correct option.
Column – I Column – II 24. List the features that all vertebrates show at some
(p) Pila (i) Devil fish point in their development.
s.
(q) Dentalium (ii) Chiton Ans. Vertebrates posses notochord during embryonic stage
(r) Chaetopleura (iii) Apple snail only. The notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or
bony vertebral column in the adult.
(s) Octopus (iv) Tusk shell
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(a) p – (ii), q – (i), r – (iii), s – (iv) 25. Compare closed and opened circulatory system.
(b) p – (iii), q – (iv), r – (ii), s – (i) Ans. The circulatory system is of two types,
(c) p – (ii), q – (iv), r – (i), s – (iii) 1. Open type: The blood remains filled in tissue
(d) p – (i), q – (ii), r – (iii), s – (iv) spaces due to the absence of blood capillaries.

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[Ans. (b) p – (iii), q – (iv), r – (ii), s – (i)] Eg: Arthropods, Molluscs, Echinoderms, and
Urochordates
20. In which of the following phyla, the adult shows
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radial symmetry but the larva shows bilateral 2. Closed type: The blood is circulated
symmetry? through blood vessels of varying diameters
(a) Mollusca (b) Echinodermata (arteries, veins, and capillaries) Eg: Annelids,
(c) Arthropoda (d) Annelida Cephalochordates and Vertebrates.
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[Ans. (b) Echinodermata] 26. Compare Schizocoelom with Enterocoelom.

[GMQP-2018]
21. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Physalia – Portugese man of war Ans. Based on the mode of formation of coelom, the
.s
(b) Pennatula – Sea fan eucoelomates are classified into two types,
(c) Adamsia – Sea pen i)
Schizocoelomate animals – In these animals the
(d) Gorgonia – Sea anemone body cavity is formed by splitting of mesoderm.
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[Ans. (a) Physalia – Portugese man of war] Eg: Annelids, Arthropods, Molluscs.
22. Why are spongin and spicules important to a ii) Enterocoelomate animals - In these animals
sponge? the body cavity is formed from the mesodermal
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pouches of archenteron. Eg: Echinoderms,

Ans. The body of sponges is supported by a skeleton made
hemichordates and chordates.
up of calcareous and siliceous spicules or spongin or
both. 27. Identify the structure that the archenteron
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becomes in a developing animal.

23. What are the four characteristics common to
most animals? Ans. 1. In the developing embryo during the process of
Ans. 1. On the basis of germ layers all animals will gastrulation, the primary gut that is formed is
be diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm) or called the archenteron or digestive tube.
triploblastic (outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm 2. It develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of
and inner endoderm). an animal.

28. Observe the animal below and answer the 29. Choose the term that does not belong in the
following questions. following group and explain why it does not
belong? Notochord, cephalisation, dorsal nerve
cord and radial symmetry.
Ans. 'Radial symmetry' is the term that does not belong
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to the group.
Reason: Notochord, Cephalization, dorsal nerve
a. Identify the animal cord are characteristic features of Phylum chordata.
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b. What type of symmetry does this animal This Phylum comprises of animals with bilateral
exhibit? symmetry. Hence the term radial symmetry does not
c. Is this animal Cephalized? belong to the group.
d. How many germ layers does this animal 30. Why flatworms are called acoelomates?
have?
s.
Ans. 1. Flatworms are called acoelomate animals. They
e. How many openings does this animal’s
digestive system have? do not possess a body cavity or coelom.
f. Does this animal have neurons? 2. Since there is no body cavity in these animals
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Ans. a. Sea Anemone their body is solid without a perivisceral cavity.
b. Bilateral symmetry This restricts the free movement of internal
c. No. organs. Eg. Flatworms.
d. Diploblastic - Two germ layers with outer
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ectoderm, inner endoderm and Jelly like
31. What are flame cells?
Ans. Specialised cells called flame cells are seen in Phylum
mesoglea in between the two layers.
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platyhelminthes. These cells help in osmoregulation
e. The coelenteron or central vascular cavity
and excretion. They have flickering cilia or flagella
which serves for digestion opens out by a single
opening called mouth. for driving the absorbed excretory products.
f. No. Neurons are absent.
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32. Concept Mapping - Use the following terms to create a concept map that shows the major characteristic
features of the phylum nematode: Round worms, pseudocoelomates, digestive tract, cuticle, parasite, sexual
dimorphism.
.s
Ans. Previously called Nematoda, this phylum is now named as Aschelminthes .

Concept Mapping:
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Phylum Aschelminthes
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Round worm
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Digestive tract Reproduction

Coelom Cuticle Nutrition
(Complete (Sexual
(Pseudocoelom) (Collagenous) (Parasite) dimorphism)
alimentary canal)

33. In which phyla is the larva trochopore found? 37. List the functions of air bladder in fishes.
Ans. Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Annelida. Ans. Functions of air bladder:
34. Which of the chordate characteristics do tunicates In fishes air bladder regulates buoyancy and helps
retain as adults? them to float in water. If air bladders are absent, the
Ans. 1. The larval stage of the tunicate possesses all the animals need to swim constantly to avoid sinking.
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features characteristic of chordates, a notochord, 38. Write the characteristics that contributes to the
a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and success of reptiles on land.
a post anal tail.
Ans. 1. They are mostly terrestrial animals and their
2. In the adult stage the notochord, nerve cord and
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body is covered by dry and cornified skin with
tail disappear. epidermal scales which checks loss of water.
35. List the characteristic features that distinguish 2. Most reptiles lay cleidoic eggs with extra
cartilaginous fishes with living jawless fishes. embryonic membranes like omnion, chorion,
allantois, and yolk sac, Shell around the egg
s.
Ans. Living Jawless Cartilaginous
S.No checks dessication.
fishes fishes
3. Embryonic membranes enclose the embryo
1. These belong to These belong to class
and provide watery environment. Internal
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class Cyclostomata Chondrichthyes.
under subphylum under subphylum fertilization method helps them to survive on
vertebrata, Phylum vertebrata, Phylum land.
chordata. chordata. 39. List the unique features of bird’s endoskeleton.
2. These are Jawless Mouth is located Ans. 1. The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony).
fishes. Mouth
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ventrally and Jaws 2. The long bones are hollow with air cavities
is circular and are very powerful. (pneumatic bones).
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suctorial.
3. It helps to fly in air with low weight. (2nd point
3. They have true Teeth are continuation)
teeth. modified placoid
scales which 40. Could the number of eggs or young ones produced
by an oviparous and viviparous female be equal?
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are backwardly
directed. Why?
Ans. Oviparous animals :
4. They have pouch They have
1. Animals which lay eggs are called oviparous
like gills. lamelliform gills
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without operculum. animals. They produce more number of eggs

since the eggs are exposed to environmental
5. Eg: Petromyzon, Eg: Trygon conditions and predators.
lamprey (stingray) 2. They have to pass through several developmental
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36. List three features that characterise bony fishes. stages before becoming on adult. They face less
chances of survival.
Ans. Bony fishes includes both marine and freshwater
3. Hence they produce more number of eggs to
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living with bony endoskeleton and spindle shaped

body. ensure continuation of race.
4. Further the eggs are released from the parent and
Characteristics of bony fishes:
develop with the help of yolk stored in the egg.
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1. Their endoskeleton is bony.

5. Parental care is not seen.
2. They have swim bladder. Viviparous animals :
3. Gills are covered by opercula. 1. Animals which give birth to young ones are
4. They are found in sea and fresh water. called viviparous animals.

2. One or few eggs are produced by the female 6. Which is the state bird of Tamilnadu?
since the mother has to undergo gestation (a) Corvus (b) Columba
period and nurture the young ones in her womb (c) Chalcophaps indica (d) Neophron
until they are born. Reproduction cycle requires [Ans.(c) Chalcophaps indica]
more time.
3. But the embryo is protected from environmental 7. Which is the feature that is unique to planaria?
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conditions and predators. Chances of survival (a) Parasitic
are very high. (b) Polyembryony
4. Therefore the number of eggs / young ones in (c) Regeneration
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a viviparous animal will be less as compared to (d) Pseudosegmentation [Ans. (c) Regeneration]
an oviparous animal.
II. Choose the Correct options for the
ADDITIONAL below Fill in the blanks:
s.
1. Parenchymula is the larval stage of Phylum ____ .
Choose the Correct Answers 1 MARK
(a) Cnidaria (b) Porifera
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(c) Coelenterata (d) Platyhelminthes
I. Choose the Correct options for the
[Ans. (b) Porifera]
below Questions:
2. The first segmented animals to evolve were the
1. Which one of the following features are present in
o _____ .
the phylum annelida? [First Mid-2018] (a) Annelids (b) Arthropods
(a) Chitinous oxoskeleton (c) Molluscs (d) Echinoderms
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(b) Jointed appendages [Ans. (a) Annelids]
(c) Parapodia
3. Presence of a copper containing respiratory
(d) Coxal glands [Ans. (c) Parapodia] pigment is seen in phylum _____ .
2. Write the name of the animal in the given diagram. (a) Echinodermata (b) Chordata
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[GMQP-2018] (c) Mollusca (d) Aschelminthes

[Ans. (c) Mollusca]
4. _____ show anadromous migration.
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[Ans. Squid] (a) Bony fishes

(b) Cyclostomes
3. Which is not associated with Platyhelminthes?
(c) Cartilaginous fishes
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(a) Pseudosegmentation (b) Flame cells

(d) Blue whale [Ans. (b) Cyclostomes]
(c) Cercaria (d) Comb plates
[Ans. (d) Comb plates] 5. For the first time development of four chambered
heart is seen in _____ .
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4. Which is not a cartilaginous fish?

(a) Tunicates (b) Urochordates
(a) Trygon (b) Scoliodon
(c) Reptilia (d) Man
(c) Myxine (d) Pristis
[Ans. (c) Reptilia]
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[Ans.(c) Myxine]
5. Where pseudosegmentation can seen? 6. In Aves _____ is absent.
(a) Annelids (b) Arthropods (a) Ureter (b) Kidney
(c) Platyhelminthes (d) Ascidians (c) Urinary bladder (d) Ovary
[Ans.(c) Platyhelminthes] [Ans. (c) Urinary bladder]

7. _______have a great capacity of regeneration. 2. Identify the correct statements from the below.
(a) Physalia (b) Planaria (I) Animals do not possess a body cavity are called
(c) Trygon (d) Ctenophora acoelomates.
[Ans. (b) Planaria] (II) Animals that possess a pseudocoel are called
8. Sea squirts refers to________________ pseudocoelomates.
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(a) Hemichordates (b) Vertebrates (III) Animals in which the developing embryo has
(c) Jelly fishes (d) Urochordates three germinal layers are called triploblastic.
[Ans.(d) Urochordates] (IV) Arthropods are pseudocoelomates.
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(a) I, II and III only (b) I and II only
9. _____________is a flightless bird.
(a) Sparrow (b) Pitohui (c) I and III only (d) I, II, III and IV
(c) Kiwi (d) Cuckoo [Ans. (a) I, II and III only]
[Ans.(c) Kiwi] 3. Identify the correct statements from the below.
s.
10. Air sacs are associated with lungs in __________ (I) Aves are commonly known as birds.
(a) Reptiles (b) Birds (II) Aves are homeothermic.
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(c) Amphibians (d) Mammals (III) Urinary bladder is absent.
[Ans. (b) Birds] (IV) Fertilization is internal.
11. Hibernation and Aestivation are seen in _________ (a) I and IV only (b) I, II and III only
(a) Amphibia (b) Aves (c) I and III only (d) I, II, III and IV
(c) Reptiles (d) Mammals
o [Ans. (d) I, II, III and IV]
[Ans.(a) Amphibia] 4. Identify the correct statements from the below
ab
12. SACON is located in __________ about “Mammals”.
(a) Tirunelveli (b) Trichy (I) Presence of mammary glands is the unique
(c) Madurai (d) Coimbatore feature of mammals.
[Ans.(d) Coimbatore] (II) Have two pairs of limbs.
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13. Excretory organs are absent in ___________ (III) Have three chambered heart.
(a) Annelids (b) Arthropoda (IV) External cars or pinnae are present.
(c) Echinodermata (d) Mollusca (a) I and IV only (b) I, II and III only
.s
[Ans.(c) Echinodermata] (c) I and II only (d) I, II and IV only

[Ans. (d) I, II and IV only]
III. Identify Statements:
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the correct
1. Identify the correct statements from the below about “Sponges”.
“chordates”. (I) They have a opening called spongocoel.
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(I) Notochord is present

(II) They reproduce asexually by gemma formation.
(II) Dorsal, hollow and single nerve cord
(III) Nutrition is intracellular.
(III) Heart is ventrally placed
(IV) Canal system is present.
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(IV) Post anal tail is present

(a) I, II and III only (b) I and III only (a) II and III only (b) III and IV only
(c) I, II, III and IV (d) I and IV only (c) I only (d) All the above
[Ans. (c) I, II, III and IV] [Ans. (b) III and IV only]

IV. Identify the wrong statements : 1 2 3 4

(a) ii i iv iii
1. Identify the wrong statements from the below (b) i ii iii iv
about “Reptilia”. (c) i iii ii iv
(a) Reptiles have four chambered heart. (d) iv i ii iii
(b) Most reptiles lay cleidoic eggs.
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(c) Excretion by metanephric kidneys [Ans. (a) 1 - ii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - iii]
(d) Fertilization is internal.
2. 1. Corvus (i) Parrot
[Ans. (a) Reptilies have four chambered heart.]
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2. Psittacula (ii) Vulture
2. Identify the wrong statement from the below
about “Amphibia”. 3. Pavo (iii) Crow
(a) Amphibians are the first vertebrates. 4. Neophron (iv) Peacock
(b) They are poikilothermic 1 2 3 4
s.
(c) Kidneys are mesonephric. (a) iv iii i ii
(d) Heart is 4 chambered. (b) ii iii iv i
[Ans. (d) Heart is 4 chambered] (c) i iv ii iii
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3. Identify the wrong statement from the below (d) iii i iv ii
about “Osteichthyes”.
(a) Has spindle shape body. [Ans. (d) 1 - iii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - ii]
(b) Skin is covered by ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid
scales. 3. 1. Reptiles (i) Four chambered
(c) Absence of sense organ.
o heart
(d) Have a ventrally placed two chambered heart. 2. Fish (ii) No heart
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[Ans. (c) Absence of sense organ] 3. Birds (iii) Three chambered
heart
4. Lanceleot (iv) Two chambered
about “Non-chordates”.
heart
(a) Absence of notochord.
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(b) Gill slits are present. 1 2 3 4

(c) Post anal tail is absent. (a) iii iv i ii
(d) Double ventral solid nerve cord. (b) i ii iii iv
[Ans. (b) Gill slits are present]
.s
(c) ii iii iv i
5. Identify the wrong statement from the below. (d) iv i iii ii
[Ans. (a) 1 - iii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - ii]
(a) Radial symmetry is seen is Echinoderms.
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(b) Taenia is a endoparasite. 4. 1. Earthworm (i) Apis

(c) Fasciola is a Eucoelomate.
(d) Mesoglea is seen in Jelly fishes. 2. Honey Bee (ii) Lampito mauritti
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[Ans.(c) Fasciola is a Eucoelomate] 3. House fly (iii) Hirudinaria

4. Leech (iv) Musca
V. Match the following :
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1 2 3 4
1. 1. Radial symmetry (i) Starfish
(a) ii i iv iii
2. Pentamerous radial (ii) Sea anemone
(b) i iii iv ii
symmetry
(c) ii i iv iii
3. Biradial symmetry (iii) Insects
(d) iv i ii iii
4. Bilateral symmetry (iv) Comb jelly [Ans. (a) 1 - ii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - iii]

5. 1. Sponges (i) True coelom 1 2 3 4
(a) iii i ii iv
2. Eucoelom (ii) Irregular shape (b) iv ii iii i
3. Cnidarians (iii) Collar cells (c) i ii iv iii
skeleton (d) ii i iv iii
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4. Choanocytes (iv) Calcium [Ans. (a) 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv]
Carbonate
1 2 3 4 VI. Identify the correct assertion and
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(a) iv iii ii i reason:
(b) ii iii iv i
(c) iii ii i iv 1. Assertion (A) : Liver fluke is hermaphrodite or
(d) ii i iv iii monoecious.
s.
[Ans. (d) 1 - ii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - iii] Reason (R) : Schistosoma is commonly called
6. 1. Organ level (i) Pherilima hydatid worm.
2. Cellular aggregate level (ii) Fasciola (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
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3. Tissue level (iii) Sponiglla (b) (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not a correct
4. Organ system level (iv) Obelia explanation of the (A)
(c) (A) is correct, (R) is wrong
1 2 3 4 (d) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(a) ii iii iv i
o [Ans. (c) (A) is correct, (R) is wrong]
(b) iv i ii iii
2. Assertion (A) : In sponges, the outer layer is
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(c) ii iv iii i formed of pinacocytes.
(d) i iv iii ii
Reason (R) : Pinacocytes are plate-like cells
[Ans. (b) 1-iv, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iii]
that maintain the size and structure of the sponge.
7. 1. Protozoa (i) Pennatula (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
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2. Aschelminthes (ii) Monocystis (b) (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not a correct
3. Porifera (iii) Wuchereria explanation of the (A)
4. Cnidaria (iv) Cliona (c) (A) is correct, (R) is wrong
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(d) Both (A) and (R) are wrong

1 2 3 4 [Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct]
(a) iii ii iv i
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(b) iv iii i ii
VII. Identify the correct options for the
(c) ii iii iv i
parts of the diagram :
(d) ii iv i iii
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[Ans. (c) 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i] 1. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the
below diagram.
8. 1. Euplectella (i) Sea anemone
A
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2. Adamsia (ii) Filarial worm B

C
3. Wuchereria (iii) Venus flower
basket D
4. Antedom (iv) Sea-Lily

A B C D 5. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the

below diagram “Example of Cephalochordata”.
(a) Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Digestive
cavity B
(b) Ectoderm Mesoderm Digestive Endoderm

cavity
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(c) Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm Digestive A C D
cavity
A B C D
(d) Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Digestive
cavity (a) Notochord Mouth Anus Gonads
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[Ans. (a) A-Ectoderm, B-Mesoderm (b) Mouth Notochord Gonads Anus
C-Endoderm, D-Digestive cavity] (c) Notochord Gonads Mouth Anus
2. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the (d) Gonads Anus Notochord Mouth
below diagram [Ans. (b) A - Mouth, B - Notochord,
s.
C - Gonads, D - Anus]
A
B
VIII. Identify Correct
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the pair from the
C below :
1. (a) Marbled cone snail - Conus marmoreus

D (b) Mantle - Ctenidia
o (c) Pila - Squid
A B C D (d) Loligo - Apple snail
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(a) Collar Proboscis Hepatic Gill pores [Ans. (a) Marbled cone snail - Conus marmoreus]
region 2. (a) Flame cells - Cnidoblasts
(b) Proboscis Collar Gill pores Hepatic (b) Collar cells - Solenocytes
region
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(c) Hollow bones - Pneumatic

(c) Collar Proboscis Gill pores Hepatic
region (d) Stinging cells - Choanocytes
(d) Proboscis Gill pores Collar Hepatic [Ans. (c) Hollow bones-Pneumatic]
region
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[Ans. (b) A-Proboscis, B-Collar IX. Identify the Incorrect pair from the
C-Gill pores, D-Hepatic region] below :
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3. Identify the correct option for the below diagram.

1. Find out the incorrect pair: [QY-2018]
(a) Pennatula (a) Ascaris - Round worm
(b) Meandrina
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(b) Wuchereria - Filarial worm

(c) Physalia (c) Enterobius - Hook worm
(d) Adamsia
(d) Taenia - Tape worm
[Ans. (d) Adamsia]
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[Ans. (c) Enterobius - Hook worm]

4. Identify the correct option for the below diagram.
2. (a) Ptychodera flava - Indian Hemichordate
(a) Hyalonema (b) Hemichordates - Ciliary feeders
(b) Chalina (c) Acorn worms - Tongue worms
(c) Sycon (d) Ophiura - Sea-lily
(d) Euplectella [Ans. (c) Sycon] [Ans. (d) Ophiura - Sea-lily]

X. Identify the Odd-man out from the 2. Such a body cavity is called a pseudocoel
and is filled with pseudocoelomic fluid.
below :
Animals that possess a pseudocoel are called
1. Identify the odd-man out regarding pseudocoelomates Eg: Round worms.
“Echinodermata”. 5. Name the larval stages seen in Phylum Porifera.
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(a) Sea - lily (b) Cuttle fish
Ans. Parenchymula and Amphiblastula.
(c) Brittle star (d) Star fish
[Ans. (b) Cuttle fish] 6. Explain 'Coelenteron'.
Reason: Cuttle fish is an example of Mollusca.
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Ans. In Phylum cnidaria the animals have a central vascular
others are the examples of Echinodermata. cavity or coelenteron with a single opening called
2. Identify the odd-man out regarding “Arthropoda”. mouth or hypostome for ingestion and egestion.
(a) Honey bee (b) Silk worm The coelenteron serves the purpose of digestion and
(c) Pearl Oyster (d) Locust circulation.
s.
[Ans. (c) Pearl Oyster] 7. Name some parasitic adaptations seen in
Reason: Pearl Oyster is an example of Mollusca. flatworms.
Others are the example of examples of Arthropoda.
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Ans. 1. They absorb nutrients directly from the host
through their body surface.
Very Short Answers: 2 MARKS 2. Organs of attachment such as hooks and suckers
are present which help to attach to host surface.
1. List two salient features of Hemichordata.

o [GMQP-2018]
Eg: Taenia.
Ans. 1. The body is cylindrical and divided into three 8. Difference between Male and Female round
ab
regions- The anterior Probocis, a short collar worm.
and a long trunk. Ans. 1. The female are longer than males.
2. Most Hemichordates are ciliary features. 2. The hind end of the male worm is curved.
3. They show indirect development with a free
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9. Explain metamerism.
swimming tornaria larva.
Ans. 1. In Phylum Annelida, the body is metamerically
2. Name the Larvae seen in phylum Platyhelminthes.
segmented. The body surface is divided into
[First Mid-2018]
segment or metameres.
.s
Ans. Taenia solium (tape worm), Fasciola hepatica (liver

fluke), Schistosoma (blood fluke). 2. Internally the segments are divided from
one another by partitions called septa. This
3. What is the peculiarity of "biradially
phenomenon is known as metamerism.
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symmetrical"?
Ans. 1. Animals which possess two pairs of symmetrical 10. Why are Echinoderms so called?
sides are said to be biradially symmetrical. Ans. The term 'Echinos' means spiny and 'dermos' means
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2. Biradial symmetry is a combination of radial skin. These animals have a mesodermal endoskeleton
and bilateral symmetry as seen in ctenophores. of calcareous ossicles and hence they are called
4. Why is the body cavity of the roundworm called echinoderms or spiny skinned animals.
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a pseudocoel? 11. What is the salient feature of Phylum

Ans. 1. In some animals, the body cavity is not fully Echinodermata?
lined by the mesodermal epithelium, but the
Ans. Presence of water vascular system or ambulacral
mesoderm is formed as scattered pouches
system with tube feet or podia is a salient feature.
between the ectoderm and endoderm.
This helps in locomotion, respiration, capture and
transport of food.

12. What are tongue worms? What is the other name 18. Why are round worms so called?
of it? Ans. The body of these worms is circular (round) in cross
Ans. The Phylum Hemichordata consists of a small group section and hence are called round worms.
of worm like soft marine animals, mostly, tubiculous
19. What is ecdysis or moulting?
and are commonly called 'tongue worms'. It is also
Ans. In Arthropods the body is covered by chitinous
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called as acorn worms.
exoskeleton for protection and to prevent water
13. What is anadromous migration? loss, It is shed off periodically by a process called
Ans. 1. Cyclostomes are marine but migrate to fresh moulting or ecdysis.
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waters for spawning. This is called anadromous 20. Do Phylum Mollusca have radula?
migration.
Ans. In Phylum Mollusca the digestive system is complete
2. After spawning they die within a few days. The and mouth contains a rasping organ called radula
larva after metamorphosis returns to the ocean. with transverse rows of chitinous teeth for feeding.
s.
14. What is unique about the female reproductive 21. What is regeneration?
system in Aves? Ans. Act of growing a new body part which has been
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Ans. The left ovary is well developed while the right ovary injured or lost. Eg: Planaria.
is atrophied.
22. Name the extra embryonic membranes.
15. Differentiate complete and incomplete digestive Ans. Amnion, Chorion and Allantois.
system.
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Ans. 1. The digestive system of Platyhelminthes has
23. How does crocodile differ from the rest of the
reptiles?
only a single opening to the exterior which
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serves as both mouth and anus, and hence called Ans. Reptiles have three chambered heart but crocodile
an incomplete digestive system. has a four chambered heart.
2. From Aschelminthes to Chordates, all animals 24. What is Parazoa?
have a complete digestive system with two Ans. It is a division of the animal kingdom which includes
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openings, the mouth and the anus. multicellular organisms whose cells are loosely
aggregated and do not form tissues or organs.
16. Differentiate Protostomia and Deuterostomia.
Ans. Protostomia: 25. Why is the caudal fin in bony fishes said to be
.s
It includes the eumetazoans in which the homocercal?

embryonic blastopore develops into mouth. Ans. The caudal fin has equal lobes, so it is said to be
homocercal.
Deuterostomia:
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a. Eumetazoans in which anus is formed from or 26. What does IUCN stand for?
near the blastopore and the mouth is formed Ans. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
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away from the blastopore.

Short Answers 3 MARKS
b. They have a true coelom called enterocoel,
1. List out the diagnostic features of phylum
formed from the archenteron.
Ctenophora.
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[GMQP-2018]
17. What are Choanocytes? Ans. Phylum: Ctenophora
Ans. Choanocytes or collar cells are special flagellated (G. Ktenos -comb; phoros -bearing)
cells lining the spongocoel and the canals in phylum Ctenophora are exclusively marine, radially
Porifera. They help to trap aquatic organisms from symmetrical, diploblastic animals with tissue level
the water that enters the sponge. of organisation. Though they are diploblastic, their

mesoglea is different from that of cnidaria. It contains 7. Differentiate Polyp and Medusa.
amoebocytes and smooth muscle cells. They have Ans. Polyp and Medusa are two basic body forms found
eight external rows of ciliated comb plates (comb in phylum cnidaria. Cnidarians which exist in both
jellies) which help in locomotion, hence commonly forms also exhibit alternation of generations in their
called comb jellies for Sea Walnuts. life cycle.
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2. Mention the adaptation seen in birds for flight. S.No Polyp Medusa
[First Mid-2018]
1. Asexual generation. Sexual generation.
Ans. The characteristic feature of Aves is the presence of
2. Cylindrical shape. Umbrella shaped.
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feathers and the ability to fly except for flightless
birds (Eg. Ostrich, Kiwi, Penguin). The forelimbs are 3. It is a fixed zooid. It is a free swimming
form.
modifi ed into wings, and the hind limbs are adapted
for walking, running, swimming and perching. 8. Match the following.
s.
3. What are Enterocoelomata? [QY-2018] 1) Parenchymula - (a) Cnidaria
Ans. 1. This term enterocoelomate is used for animals. 2) Trochophore - (b) Amphibia
2. In these animals the body cavity is formed from
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3) Tornaria - (c) Annelida
the mesodermal pouches of archenteron.
Eg: Echinoderms, Hemichordates and 4) Veliger - (d) Cyclostomata
Chordates. 5) Planula - (e) Mollusca
4. What is Metagenesis? [First Mid-2018] 6) Tadpole - (f) Porifera
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Ans. Some Cnidarians exhibit two phases in their life 7) Ammocoete - (g) Hemichordata
cycle. Asexual phase called polyp and sexual phase
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called Medusa. They thus show alternation of Ans. 1 - f, 2 - c, 3 - g, 4 - e, 5- a, 6 - b, 7 - d
generation or Metagenesis. 9. What is the function of lateral line sense organs?
5. Explain the water transport system in Phylum Ans. The lateral line sense organ in fishes helps in detection
Porifera. of current and waves in water.
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Ans. 1. In Phylum Porifera organisms possess a water

transport system or canal system where water 10. Why are Ctenophores called comb jellies?
enters through minute pores called ostia lining Ans. The Ctenophores have eight external rows of ciliated
the body wall through which the water enters
.s
comb plates (comb jellies) in the mesoglea which

into a central cavity (spongocoel) and goes out
help in locomotion. Hence they are commonly called
through the osculum.
as comb jellies or sea walnuts.
2. This water transport system is helpful in food
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gathering, circulation, respiration and removal 11. List four features common to all chordates.
of waste. Ans. 1. All chordates possess a notochord.
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6. What are stinging cells or nematocysts? 2. All chordates possess a dorsal, hollow, nerve
Ans. 1. The name of phylum Cnidaria is derived from cord.
cnidocytes or cnidoblasts with stinging cells or 3. All chordates possess pharyngeal gill clefts in
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nematocyst on tentacles.
some stage of their life cycle.
2. Cnidoblasts are used for anchorage, defense,
and to capture the prey. 4. Possess a post anal tail.

12. Mention three salient features of Phylum 16. Mention the advantages of a true coelom.
Ctenophora. Ans. A true coelom is formed from splitting of mesodermal
Ans. 1. Bioluminescence (the ability of a living cells. It gives the following advantages.
organism to emit light) is well marked in 1. The organs are isolated and can function with
Ctenophores. physiological interdependence.
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2. They lack nematocyte but possess special cells 2. The organs can reposition themselves without
called lasso cells or colloblasts to capture food. great distortion during movements.
3. They show indirect development and the larva 3. The peritoneum covering the organs and lining
is called cydippid. Eg: Pleurobrachia.
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the cavity allows lubrication.
13. Differentiate Chordates and Non-Chordates. 4. Adhesion (fusion of tissues) is prevented.
Ans.
S.No Chordates Non-Chordates Long answers 5 MARKS
s.
1. Notochord is present Notochord is absent
2. Dorsal, hollow and Double ventral solid 1. Explain the distinct features of Phylum Chordata.
single nerve cord nerve cord [Fist Mid-2018]
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3. Pharynx perforated Gill slits absent Ans. Chordata is the largest phylum with most familiar
by gill slits group of animals, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles,
4. Heart is ventrally Heart is dorsal or birds and mammals and less known forms such as
placed laterally placed or
o lancelets (Amphioxus) and tunicates (Ascidian). All
absent chordates possess three fundamental distinct features
at some stage of their life cycle.
5. A post anal tail is Post anal tail is
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present absent 1. Presence of elongated rod like notochord below
the nerve cord and above the alimentary canal.
14. Write three salient features of Cephalochordates. It serves as a primitive internal skeleton.
Ans. 1. They are small fish like coelomate forms with 2. It may persist throughout life in lancelets
chordate characters like notochord, dorsal and lampreys. In adult vertebrates, it may be
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tubular nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits partially or completely replaced by backbone or
throughout their life. vertebral column.
2. Closed type of circulatory system is seen 3. A dorsal hollow or tubular fluid filled nerve cord
without heart. lies above the notochord and below the dorsal
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3. Excretion is by protonephridia. Eg: Amphioxus. body wall. It serves to integrate and co-ordinate
the body functions.
15. What is SACON?
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Ans. 1. SACON stands for Salim Ali Institute for

Ornithology and Natural History and is located
in Coimbatore.
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2. It is a National Research Institute started by

Government of India in honour of Dr. Salim Ali,
the Bird man of India.
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3. The aim of SACON is to conserve biodiversity

with focus on birds.

4. In higher chordates, the anterior end of the 8. It serves to integrate and co-ordinate the body
nerve cord gets enlarged to form the brain and functions. In higher chordates, the anterior end
the posterior part becomes the spinal cord, of the nerve cord gets enlarged to form the
protected inside the vertebral column. brain and the posterior part becomes the spinal
5. Presence of pharyngeal gill slits or clefts in all cord, protected inside the vertebral column
chordates at some stage of their lifecycle. triploblastic, coelomates with organ system
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level of organisation; they possess post anal
6. It is a series of gill slits or clefts that perforates
tail, closed circulatory system with a ventral
the walls of pharynx and appears during the
myogenic heart except in Amphioxus.
development of every chordate.
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7. In aquatic forms, pharyngeal gill slits are 3. Write five characteristic features of Phylum
vascular, lamellar and form the gills for Cnidaria? (Any five)
respiration. Ans. Characteristic features of phylum cnidaria:
8. In terrestrial chordates, traces of non- 1. Cnidarians, are aquatic, sessile or free
s.
functional gill clefts appear during embryonic swimming, solitary or colonial forms with
developmental stages and disappear later. radial symmetry except for sea anemones.
9. Besides the above said features, chordates 2. The name Cnidaria is derived from cnidocytes
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are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, or cnidoblasts with stinging cells or nematocyst
coelomates with organ system level of on tentacles. Cnidoblasts are used for anchorage,
organisation; they possess post anal tail, closed defense, and to capture the prey.
circulatory system with a ventral myogenic
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heart except in Amphioxus. to exhibit tissue level organisation and are
2. Explain the fundamental distinct features of diploblastic.
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chordates. [QY & HY-2018] 4. They have a central vascular cavity or
Ans. 1. All chordates possess three fundamental distinct
coelenteron (serves both digestion and
features at some stage of their life cycle. circulatory function) with a single opening
called mouth or hypostome, which serves the
2. Presence of elongated rod like notochord below
process of ingestion and egestion.
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the nerve cord and above the alimentary canal.

5. Digestion is both extracellular and intracellular.
3. It serves as a primitive internal skeleton. It may
persist throughout life in lancelets and lampreys. 6. The nervous system is primitive and is formed
of diffused nerve net.
4. In adult vertebrates, it may be partially or
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completely replaced by backbone or vertebral 7. Cnidarians like corals have a skeleton made up
column. of calcium carbonate.
5. A dorsal hollow or tubular fluid filled nerve cord 8. Cnidarians exhibit two basic body forms, polyp
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lies above the notochord and below the dorsal and medusa. The polyp forms are sessile and
body wall. It serves to integrate and co-ordinate cylindrical (Eg: Hydra, Adamsia), whereas the
the body functions. medusa are umbrella shaped and free swimming.
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6. In higher chordates, the anterior end of the 9. Cnidarians which exist in both forms, also
nerve cord gets enlarged to form the brain and exhibit alternation of generations in their life
the posterior part becomes the spinal cord, cycle (Metagenesis).
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protected inside the vertebral column. 10. Development is indirect and includes a free
7. A dorsal hollow or tubular fluid filled nerve swimming ciliated planula larva. Eg: Physalia
cord lies above the notochord and below the (Portugese man of war), Adamsia (sea
dorsal body wall. anemone).

4. List the salient features of Phylum Annelida. 4. Skin is glandular in nature, consisting of sweat
Ans. Salient features of Phylum Annelida: glands, scent glands and sebaceous glands.
1. Annelids were the first segmented animals Exoskeleton includes horny epidermal horns,
to evolve. They are aquatic or terrestrial, free spines, scales, claws, nails, hooves and bony
living but some are parasitic. dermal plates.
5. Teeth are thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont.
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2. They are triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical,
schizocoelomates and exhibit organ system External ears or pinnae are present. The heart is
level of body organisation. The coelom with four chambered and possess a left systematic
coelomic fluid creates a hydrostatic skeleton arch.
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and aids in locomotion. 6. Mature RBCs are circular, biconcave and non
3. Their elongated body is metamerically nucleated. Mammals have a large brain when
segmented and the body surface is divided into compared to other animals. They show greatest
segment or metameres. intelligence among all animals.
s.
4. Internally the segments are divided from 7. Their kidneys are metanephric and are ureotelic.
one another by partitions called septa. This All are homeothermic, sexes are separate and
phenomenon is known as metamerism. The fertilization is internal.
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longitudinal and circular muscles in the body 8. Eg: Oviparous- Ornithorhynchus (Platypus),
wall help in locomotion. Viviparous- Macropus (Kangaroo).
5. Aquatic annelids like Nereis have lateral 6. List the differences between Flatworm worms
appendages called parapodia, which help in
o and Round worms.
swimming. Chitinous setae in Earthworms, and Ans.
suckers in Leech help in locomotion.
S.No Flatworm Round worms
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6. The circulatory system is of closed type and
the respiratory pigments are hemoglobin and 1. Mosly parasitic but Mostly
chlorocruorin. some are free living. endoparasites
Eg: Taenia. but some are free
7. Nervous system consists of paired ganglion
living. Eg: Ascaris.
connected by the lateral nerves to the double
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ventral nerve cord. 2. Body dorsoventrally Body bilaterally

8. They reproduce sexually. Development is direct flattened, symmetrical,
triploblastic. elongated.
or indirect and includes a trochophore larva.
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Some are monoecious (earthworms) while 3. Acoelomate worms. Pseudocoelomate

some are dioecious (Neries and Leech). worms.
9. Eg: Lampito mauritii (earthworm), Neries (sand 4. Excretion by flame Excretory system
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worm), Hirudinaria (leech). cells. consists of Rennet

glands.
5. What distinguishes mammals from other animals?
Ans. Salient features of Mammals: 5. Digestive system Alimentary canal is
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1. Their body is covered by hair, a unique feature is absent or complete with well
incomplete. developed mouth,
of mammals. Some of them are adapted to fly or
muscular pharynx
live in water.
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and anus.
2. Presence of mammary glands is the most unique
feature of mammals. 6. Sexes are not Sexual dimorphism
seperate. is seen.
3. They have two pairs of limbs adapted for
walking, running, climbing, burrowing,
swimming and flying.

7. Why are birds called Aves? List out the salient
features of Aves? Proboscis
Collarette
Ans. 1. Aves are commonly known as birds. The Collar
characteristic feature of Aves is the presence Branchial region
of feathers and the ability to fly except for Anus Gill pores
flightless birds (Eg: Ostrich, Kiwi, Penguin).
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Dorsally curved
genital wings
The forelimbs are modified into wings, and the Posthepatic Middorsal ridge
hind limbs are adapted for walking, running, region Hepatic caeca
swimming and perching. Hepatic region
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2. The skin is dry and devoid of glands except the
oil gland or preen gland at the base of the tail. Diagrammatic representation of Balanoglossus
3. The exoskeleton consists of epidermal feathers, 3. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic
scales, claws on legs and the horny covering on and coelomate animals with organ system level
s.
the beak. of organisation.
4. The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and 4. Their body is cylindrical and is divided into
the long bones are hollow with air cavities three regions, the anterior proboscis, a short
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(pneumatic bones). collar and a long trunk.
5. The pectoral muscles of flight (pectoralis major 5. Most hemichordates are ciliary feeders. Their
and pectoralis minor) are well developed. circulatory system is simple and open or lacune
6. Respiration is by compact, elastic, spongy lungs
o type with a dorsal heart.
that are continuous with air sacs to supplement 6. Respiration is through paired gill slits opening
respiration. into the pharynx.
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7. The heart is four chambered. 7. Excretion is by a single proboscis gland or
8. Aves are homeothermic. Migration and parental glomerulus situated in the proboscis.
care is well marked. Urinary bladder is absent. 8. Nervous system is primitive.
9. Sexes are separate with well marked sexual 9. Sexes are separate and exhibit sexual mode
dimorphism. In males, the testes are paired but
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of reproduction; Fertilization is external.

in females, only the left ovary is well developed Development is indirect with a free swimming
while the right ovary is atrophied. tornaria larva. Eg: Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus.
10. All birds are oviparous. Eggs are megalecithal
Hots
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and cleidoic. Fertilization is internal.

Eg: Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon). 1. How is cephalisation advantegeous to animals in
finding food?
8. Write a note on Hemichordata.
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Ans. Differentiation of a definite head at the anterior

Ans. 1. Hemichordates were earlier treated as a end is called cephalization. The nervous tissue is
subphylum of Chordata (or Prochordata). They concentrated is the head (brain) with formation of
are now regarded to be an independent phylum sense organs.
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of invertebrates, close to Echinodermata. The 1. Since the head forms the anterior part of the
animals of this group possess the characters of body, cephalization helps the animal to sense
invertebrates as well as chordates. the surrounding with the help of sense organs.
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2. This phylum consists of a small group of worm- 2. They can detect source of food and also protect
like, soft marine animals, mostly tubiculous and themselves from enemies.
commonly called the ‘acorn worms’ or ‘tongue
worms’. 3. Formation of head also leads to formation of
apperdages such as antennae which will be of
use in finding food.

2. Animals such as sponges lack nervous tissue 4. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates
and muscle tissue, what does this tell you about are not vertebrates. Justify this statement.
sponges? Ans. All vertebrates possess three salient features of
Ans. 1. Absence of nervous and muscular tissue chordates:
indicates that sponges must have been one of
1. Presence of Notochord.
the earliest forms in the course of evolution.
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2. Absence of tissues indicate that the body 2. Presence of dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
organisation would have been at cellular level 3. Presence of pharyngeal gill slits in some stage
only without cells forming compact tissues. of their life cycle. Hence all vertebrates are
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3. Further this also indicates that sponges do not chordates.
show locomotion since they have no means All chordates are not vertebrates :
of gauging the surrounding because they lack
muscular tissue. Primitive chordates have only a notochord which
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4. They are sedentary since they lack muscular is not replaced by vertebral column as seen in
tissue. vertebrates. Hence all chordates are not vertebrates.
3. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of 5. What is the difference in the blood of Annelids
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direct and indirect development.
and Vertebrates.
Ans. Direct Development:
Advantages: Ans. Haemoglobin is present in the plasma in Annelids. In
1. The young ones resemble the adult directly and
o vertebrates haemoglobin is present in RBC.
no larval stages occur.
6. What is the advantage of closed circulatory
2. The eggs of these animals have lot of yolk for the
system?
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young ones to grow or are fed by the mother's
tissues. (human being) in the larval stages. Ans. In closed circulatory system, the circulation is
3. Parental care is seen in many cases. controlled by contraction of the heart. Blood flows
Disadvantages: faster and at high pressure.
1. Since the parents and young ones are found in
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7. In Phylum Annelida skeleton is absent? How is

the same habitat they have to share the same
the shape of the body maintained?
resources.
2. In case of calamities/disasters they will perish Ans. Coelomic fluid acts as hydrostatic skeleton which
.s
together. helps to maintain the shape of the body.

Indirect Development: 8. Peripatus is called connecting link. Give reason.
Advantages:
Ans. 1. Peripatus has Annelidan characters such as
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1. The larval forms are much different from the

adult and thrive on different food resources jointed parapodia and nephridia.
2. They also grow in a different ecological habitat. 2. It has characters of Arthropods such as
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Hence in case of calamities they may continue haemocoel, head with compound eyes etc.
to exist even if the adults Perish. 3. Thus it is said to be a connecting link between
3. Indirect development is a better means for the Phylum Annelida and Phylum Arthropoda.
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species to survive.
Disadvantages: 9. Why is Limulus called living fossil?
1. Chances of all larvae developing into adult Ans. Limulus or the King crab continues to remain
cannot be assumed. unchanged for past 190 million years. Hence it is
2. Eggs have very little yolk. called living fossil.
3. Parental care is not seen.

10. Name the Exoskeletal structures found in the
2. Lungs (Pulmonary Mammals
following animals.
respiration)
Ans.
3. Trachea (Tracheal Insects
a) Cockroach - Chitinous outer covering respiration)
exoskeleton
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4. Gills (Branchial respiration) Fishes
b) Human being - Epidermal hair, nails
c) Garden lizard - Epidermal scales 12. Name the excretory organs found in different
animals (any four with examples).
d) Snail - Calcareous Shell
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Ans. S.No Excretory organ Animal
e) Dog - Epidermal hair, nails, hoofs.
1. Flame cells / Flat worms
11. Name four different respiratory organs that you Solenocytes
have come across in the animal kingdom. Give
2. Nephridia Annelids
s.
example.
Ans. 3. Malpighian tubules Insects
S.No Respiratory mode Example 4. Kidneys Vertebrates
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1. Skin (Cutaneous respiration) Amphibians 5. Green glands Crustaceans
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Unit - II
Chapter Tissue
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3 level of Organisation
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s.
CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
3.1 Animal Tissue
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3.2 Epithelial Tissue
 Simple Epithelium

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Compound Epithelium
 Transitional Epithelium
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3.3 Connective Tissue
 Components of connective tissues
Loose connective tissues

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 Dense connective tissues
 Specialised connective tissues

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3.4 Muscle Tissue
 Skeletal muscle
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 Smooth muscle
 Cardiac muscle
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3.5 Neural Tissue

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[39]

126 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio-Zoology - Volume-I ✫ Chapter 7 ✫ Body Fluids and Circulation
2. Each side of the heart can fail independently of 2. In cases when the diastolic pressure exceeds
the other. 90 mm Hg and the systolic pressure exceeds
3. Increase in EDV can increase SV. On the other 150 mm Hg persistently, the condition is called
hand decrease in venous return and EDV can hypertension.
decrease SV. 3. Vasoconstrictors are drugs which cause
vasoconstriction or constriction of blood vessels
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4. Similarly changes of EDV and ESV on SV are
thus raising blood pressure. Hence blocking
not independent.
the action of vasoconstrictors reduces blood
Activity :
pressure.
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6. Ramu was 45 years old when he went to a doctor 4. ACE inhibitor - (Angiotension Converting
to check his blood pressure. His pressure was
Enzyme) inhibitors reduce systemic blood
around 158/98mmHg. The doctor advised him
to measure his blood pressure at home for two pressure and reduce angiotensin-II thereby
weeks. He came to the doctor saying his average protecting the kidneys also from damage.
s.
blood pressure was around 160/100mmHg. Doctor 5. If blood pressure is not controlled it can lead to
concludes that Ramu has high blood pressure or heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, heart failure etc
hypertension. If not controlled, hypertension can
lead to heart failure, stroke and kidney failure.
Hots (Additional)
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He returned to the doctor after two months after
taking the drug, ACH inhibitor. This chemical
blocks the production of angiotensin II, a powerful 1. People living in high altitudes have an increased
vasoconstrictor, so his blood pressure returned RBC count. Give reason.
back to normal. Ans. In high altitudes, the concentration of oxygen in the
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1. Why are people with high blood pressure air is less. Hence the RBC is able to take up less
at greater risk for having a hemorrhagic oxygen only. Therefore the RBC count increases in
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stroke? people living in high altitude.
2. Without medication Ramu’s blood pressure 2. Renal portal system is absent in mammals. Give
was around 160/100mmHg after two weeks. Reason.
Why this pressure was referred to as
hypertension by the doctor. Ans. 1. Fishes and amphibians have a well developed
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3. Blocking the action of vasoconstrictor lower renal portal system. This is reduced in reptiles.
the blood pressure? Give reasons. In mammals it ultimately dissappears.
4. What is the role of ACH inhibitor in reducing
2. In mammals there is complete separation of
blood pressure?
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Posterior
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5. What conditions one might expect if the

blood pressure is not controlled? (HOTS) portion of the body gets oxygenated blood from
Ans. 1. Haemorrhage means "bleeding caused due to the heart and after oxidation etc the blood does
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rupture of blood vessels". High blood pressure not contain much of impurities. Hence it is not
can lead to rupture of blood vessel and such sent to kidneys for filtration.
people are more prone to haemorrhage.
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
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Zoology
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VOLUME
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II
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.s
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Contents
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UNIT III
Chapter 8 Excretion�� 127 - 148
UNIT IV
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Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement�� 149 - 168
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Chapter 10 Neural Control and Coordination�� 169 - 190
Chapter 11 Chemical Coordination and Integration�� 191 - 210
Chapter 12 Basic Medical Instruments and Techniques�� 211 - 224

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(This Chapter is for only long version not for short version)
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UNIT V
Chapter 13 Trends in Economic Zoology�� 225 - 242
(This Chapter is chapter 12 in short version)
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Bio-Zoology (Short Version) and Zoology (Long Version) Govt.Model Question paper
and Sura Model Question paper with Answer�� 243 - 280
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UNIT - III
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Chapter
8 Excretion
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CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
8.1 Modes of Excretion
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8.2 Human excretory system
8.2.1 Structure of Kidney
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8.2.2 Structure of a Nephron
8.3 Mechanism of Urine formation in human
 Glomerular Filtration
 Tubular Reabsorption
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8.4 Regulation of Kidney function

 ADH and Diabetes insipidus
 Renin Angiotensin
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 Atrial Natriuretic factor

8.5 Micturition
8.6 Role of other organs in excretion
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8.7 Disorders related to the Excretory system

 Urinary tract infection
 Uremia
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 Renal Calculi
 Glomerulonephritis
8.8 Haemodialysis
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 Kidney Transplantation
[129]

130 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-II ✫ Chapter - 8 ✫ Excretion
CONCEPT MAP
The Nephron
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is the major site of
blood
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is controlled
Filtration by
Occurs as blood is Blood pressure
forced into the
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affected by
Glomerulus
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filtrate passes
to the released by
juxtaglomerular Angiotensin II
cells near the
primary PCT
levels increase
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function is
after secretion of
Reabsorption into the
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Renin
Loop of Henle
of ions
such as
expels in the into the
descending limb
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DCT
Water sight for
Chloride
and ends passing Secretion
which leaves the
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filtrate by through the causes increased

of
reabsorbs in the reuptake of
ascending limb
Passive Transport Collecting Duct Potassium
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which
can contain
through
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Sodium
Aquaporins
which is
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inserted in reabsorbed
wall of lumen through
due to
Active Transport
ADH

Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-II ✫ Chapter - 8 ✫ Excretion 131

Excretion : Expulsion of Nitrogenous waste materials from the body
Ammonoteles : Organisms which excrete waste in the form of Ammonia.
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Uricotelic : Organisms which excrete waste in the form of uric acid..
Ureoteles : Organisms which excrete waste in the form of urea.
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Protonephridia & : Primitive kidneys.
Metanephrida
Malpighian Tubules : Excretory organs in insects.
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Nephron : structural and functional unit of kidneys.
Renal pyramids : conical tissue masses found in medulla of kidney.
Ornithine cycle : process by which nitrogenous waste is converted to urea in the liver.
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Aquaporins : water permeable channels found in collecting duct of Nephron.
ADH : Anti diuretic hormone
afferent arteriole : branch of renal artery entering each Nephron.
efferent arteriole :
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The arteriole which leaves the Bowman’s capsule of the Nephrons.
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Micturition : process of release of urine from the bladder.
Renal failure : failure of the kidney to excrete wastes.
Renal calculi : stones formed in the Renal tubule of Renal pelvis..

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Artificial kidney : Dialyzing machine which removes toxic urea from the blood in case of kidney
failure.
Kidney : Transfer of healthy kidney from one person to another person with kidney
transplantation failure.
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Glomerulus : The tuft of capillaries which lie in the Bowman’s capsule of Nephron.
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EVALUATION
1. Arrange the following structures in the order = 55 m Hg – (30mm Hg + 15mm Hg)

that a drop of water entering the nephron would = 10 mm Hg
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encounter them. The net filtration pressure of 10mm Hg is responsible
(a) Afferent arteriole for renal filtration.
(b) Bowman’s capsule
(c) Collecting duct 4. Identify the following structures and explain their
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significance in renal physiology?
(d) Distal tubule
(a) Juxta glomerular apparatus
(e) Glomerulus
(f) Loop of Henle (b) Podocytes
(g) Proximal tubule (c) Sphincters in the bladder
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(h) Renal pelvis Ans. (a) Juxtaglomerular apparatus :
Ans. (a) Afferent arteriole 1. Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) is a
(e) Glomerulus specialized tissue in the afferent arteriole
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(b) Bowman’s capsule of the nephron that consists of macula
densa and granular cells.
(g) Proximal tubule
2. The macula densa cells sense distal tubular
(f) Loop of Henle
flow and affect afferent arteriole diameter,
(d) Distal tubule
whereas the granular cells secrete an
(c) Collecting duct
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(h) Renal pelvis 3. A fall in glomerular blood flow, glomerular
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2. Name the three filtration barriers that solutes blood pressure and glomerular filtration
must come across as they move from plasma to the rate, can activate JG cells to release
lumen of Bowman’s capsule. What components of renin which converts a plasma protein,
the blood are usually excluded by these layers? angiotensinogen (synthesized in the liver)
to angiotensin I.
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Ans. (a) Glomerular capillary endothelium - Prevents

blood cells and negatively charged plasma 4. This starts off a series of events known as
proteins. Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone system
(b) Basal lamina - ECM of glycoproteins, plasma which finally increases the glomerular
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proteins. blood pressure and glomerular filtration

(c) Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, rate.
3. What forces promote Glomerular filtration? (b) Podocytes:
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What forces opposes them? What is meant by net 1. In a nephron, the external parietal layer
filtration pressure? of the glomerulus is made up of simple
Ans. 1. Glomerular pressure is the chief force that squamous epithelium and the visceral
layer is made of epithelial cells called
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promotes Glomerular filtration.

2. The two opposing forces are the plasma proteins Podocytes.
in the capillaries contributed by the colloidal 2. The podocytes end in foot processes
osmotic pressure and the capsular hydrostatic which cling to the basement membrane
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pressure due to the fluids in the glomerular of the glomerulus. The openings between
capsule. the foot processes are called filtration slits.
Net filtration pressure This acts as a filter to retain blood cells and
= Glomerular hydrostatic pressure large protein in plasma while permitting
– (Colloidal osmotic pressure + the passage of fluids.
capsular hydrostatic pressure)

(c) Sphincters in the bladder: 8. What solute is normally present in the body to
1. The external and internal sphincters are estimate GFR in humans?
muscles guarding the opening of the Ans. Creatinine. Some of it is secreted but the quantity
urinary bladder at the urethra.
present is very low and its clearance is a measure
2. When the urinary bladder gets filled with
of estimating glomerular filtration rate (efficiency of
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urine, the urinary bladder stimulates
the central nervous system via sensory the kidney).
neurons and brings about contraction of
9. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is
the bladder. Simultaneously somatic motor
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neurons induce the sphincters to close. involved in Micturition process?
3. Smooth muscles contract resulting in the Ans. When the urinary bladder gets filled with urine, the
opening of the internal sphincter passively stretch receptors in the urinary bladder are stimulated.
and relaxing the external sphincter. When Stretching of the urinary bladder stimulates the
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the stimulatory and inhibitory controls
central nervous system via the sensory neurons of the
exceed the threshold, the sphincter
opens and urine is expelled out. Thus the parasympathetic nervous system and brings about
contraction of the bladder.
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sphincter muscles keep the urethral closed
except during expulsion of urine. Simultaneously somatic motor neurons induce the
4. Thus the sphincter muscles keep the sphincters to close. Smooth muscles contract and
urethra closed except during expulsion of opening of the internal sphincters occurs passively
urine.
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5. In which segment of the nephron most of the re-
and external sphincter relaxes.
When the stimulatory and inhibitory controls exceed
absorption of substances takes place?
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the threshold, the sphincter opens and urine is
Ans. About 70% of the reabsorption takes place in the
proximal convoluted tubules of the nephron. expelled out.
6. When a molecule or ion is reabsorbed from the 10. If the afferent arteriole of the nephron constricts,
what happens to the GFR in that nephron? If
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lumen of the nephron, where does it go? If a solute

is filtered and not reabsorbed from the tubule, the efferent arteriole constricts what happens to
where does it go? the GFR in that nephron? Assume that no auto
Ans. (a) When a molecular or ion is reabsorbed from the regulation takes place.
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lumen of the nephron it goes out of the lumen Ans. Constriction of the afferent arteriole of the nephron
through the blood in the efferent arteriole. causes decrease in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
It is reabsorbed into the efferent arteriole which since the quantity of blood flow through the arteriole
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leaves the Nephron, and enters the peritubular decreases.

capillaries. Constriction of the efferent arteriole of the nephron
(b) If a solute is filtered and not reabsorbed from the causes increase in Glomerular Filtration rate.
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tubule it will finally reach the distal convoluted

tubule of the nephron and enter the collecting 11. Concentration of urine depends upon which part
duct to be sent out as waste in the form of urine. of the nephron
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(a) Bowman’s capsule

7. Which segment is the site of secretion and regulated
reabsorption of ions and pH homeostasis? (b) length of Henle’s loop
Ans. The distal convoluted tubule of the nephron is the
(c) P.C.T.
site of secretion and regulated reabsorption of ions (d) network of capillaries arising from glomerulus
and pH homeostasis. [Ans. (b) length of Henle’s loop]

12. If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian 19. Animal requiring minimum amount of water to
nephron, which one of the following is to be produce urine are
expected? (a) ureotelic (b) ammonotelic
(a) There will be no urine formation (c) uricotelic (d) chemotelic
(b) There will be hardly any change in the quality [Ans. (c) uricotelic]
and quantity of urine formed
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20. Aldosterone acts at the distal convoluted tubule
(c) The urine will be more concentrated
and collecting duct resulting in the absorption of
(d) The urine will be more dilute water through
[Ans. (d) The urine will be more dilute] (a) Aquaporins (b) Spectrins
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13. What will happen if the stretch receptors of the (c) GLUT (d) Chloride channels
urinary bladder wall are totally removed? [Ans. (a) Aquaporins]
(a) Micturition will continue 21. The hormone which helps in the reabsorption of
(b) Urine will be continue to collect normally in the water in kidney tubules is
(a) cholecystokinin
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bladder
(c) There will be micturition (b) angiotensin II
(d) Urine will not collect in the bladder (c) antidiuretic hormone
(d) pancreozymin [Ans. (c) antidiuretic hormone]
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[Ans. (a) Micturition will continue]
14. The end product of Ornithine cycle is 22. Malpighian tubules remove excretory products
from
(a) carbon dioxide (b) uric acid
(a) mouth (b) oesophagus
(c) urea (d) ammonia
(c) haemolymph (d) alimentary canal.

o [Ans. (c) urea] [Ans. (c) haemolymph]
15. Identify the wrong match
23. Identify the biological term.
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(a) Bowman’s capsule - Glomerular filteration
Excretion, glomerulus, urinary bladder, glomerular
(b) DCT - Absorption of glucose
filtrate, ureters, urine, Bowman’s capsule, urinary
(c) Henle’s loop - Concentration of urine
system, reabsorption, micturition, osmosis, proteins.
(d) PCT - Absorption of Na+ and
(a) A liquid which gathers in the bladder.
K+ ions
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(b) Produced when blood is filtered in a Bowman’s

[Ans. (b)DCT - Absorption of glucose]
capsule.
16. Podocytes are the cells present on the (c) Temporary storage of urine.
(a) Outer wall of Bowman’s capsule (d) A ball of inter twined capillaries.
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(b) Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule (e) Removal of unwanted substances from the
(c) Neck of nephron body.
(d) Wall glomerular capillaries (f) Each contains a glomerulus.
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[Ans. (b) Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule] (g) Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
17. Glomerular filtrate contains (h) Scientific term for urination.
(a) Blood without blood cells and proteins (i) Regulation of water and dissolved substances in
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(b) Plasma without sugar blood and tissue fluid.

(c) Blood with proteins but without cells (j) Consists of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
(d) Blood without urea [Ans. (a) Blood without (k) Removal of useful substances from glomerular
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blood cells and proteins] filtrate.

18. Kidney stones are produced due to deposition of (l) What solute the blood contains that are not
uric acid and present in the glomerular filtrate?
(a) silicates (b) minerals Ans. (a) Urine
(c) calcium carbonate (d) calcium oxalate (b) No suitable option (correct Ans. : Glomerular
[Ans. (d) calcium oxalate] filtrate)

(c) No proper option 2. It mainly helps in It helps in excretion

(Correct answer : Urinary bladder) osmoregulation. and osmoregulation
(d) Glomerulus
(e) Excretion 3. It is found in It is found in
(f) Bowman’s capsule acoelomates and coelomates only
(g) Ureters coelomates. Eg: Annelids,
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Eg: Flat worms Arthropods.
(h) Micturition
(i) Homeostasis 4. They are primitive in They are advanced
(j) Urinary system nature. than protonephridia.
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(k) Reabsorption 26. What is the nitrogenous waste produced by
(l) Proteins. amphibian larvae and by the adult animal?
24. With regards to toxicity and the need for dilution Ans. Nitrogenous waste produced by amphibian larvae is
in water, how different are ureotelic and uricotelic Ammonia. Since they are aquatic, ammonia diffuses
excretions? Give examples of animals that use into the water.
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these types of excretion. Nitrogenous waste produced by adult amphibian is
Ans. Ureotelism : urea since they are terrestrial. Further production of
1. The process of excreting urea is called urea as excretory waste requires less water.
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ureotelism.
2. Animals which are found in places where water 27. How is urea formed in the human body?
availability is not abundant have this mode of Ans. The nitrogenous waste formed as a result of
excretion. breakdown of amino acids is converted to urea in the
3. They convert Ammonia produced in the body liver by the Ornithine cycle or urea cycle.
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into urea in the liver and release it to the blood.
This is filtered and excreted by the kidneys, Glutamine
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Eg: Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and
NH4
marine fishes. Mitochondria
4. In terms of toxicity urea is more toxic than Carbamoyl phosphate Glutamine
uric acid but it is soluble in water and is thus Carbamoyl phosphate
excreted as urine. Citrulline
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Uricotelism :
Ornithine Citrulline
1. The process of excreting uric acid is called
uricotelism.
2. Uric acid can be removed from the body with a Ornithine
Urea Argininasuccinate
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minimal loss of water and the excreta is in the

form of pellet or paste (semisolid). Cell Cytoplasm
3. Eg. : Many desert animals, Reptiles, Birds, Arginine
Insects.
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Fumarate
4. In terms of toxicity, uric acid is the least toxic
Ornithine cycle
nitrogenous waste. It is also insoluble in water.
28. Differentiate cortical from medullary nephrons.
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25. Differentiate protonephridia from metanephridia.

Ans. Ans. Cortical Nephrons :
In majority of the nephrons, the loop of Henle is
Protonephridia Metanephridia
too short and extends very little into the medulla
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1. It consists of They are excretory i.e, they lie in the renal cortex. These are called
tubular excretory glands with a ciliated cortical nephrons and form about 80% of total
structures which end funnel like opening nephrons in the kidney.
in specialised cells into the body cavity
such as flame cells and connected to a Medullary Nephrons :
inside the body and duct which opens In some nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and
open out by means of outside the body. run deep into the medulla. They are called Medullary
excretory pores. nephrons.

29. What vessels carry blood to the kidneys? Is this 2. Substances such as H+, K+, NH4+, creatinine
blood arterial or venous? and organic acids move into the filtrate from the
Ans. Renal artery branches out from the dorsal aorta and peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid.
supplies the kidney with arterial blood. 3. Most of the water is absorbed in the proximal
It breaks into small arterioles and an afferent arteriole convoluted tubule and Na+ is exchanged
enters into each nephron. for water in the loop of Henle. Hypotonic
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fluid enters the distal convoluted tubule and
30. Which vessels drain filtered blood from the
substances such as urea and salts pass from
kidneys?
peritubular blood into the cells of DCT.
Ans. The efferent arteriole drains the filtered blood from
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the nephron. All the efferent arterioles from the 4. The urine excreted contains both filtered and
nephrons join to form the renal vein. This carries secreted substances. Once it enters the collecting
venous blood and leaves the kidney to join the duct, water is absorbed and concentrated
inferior vena cava. hypertonic urine is formed.
5. For every H+ secreted into the tubular filtrate,
s.
31. What is tubular secretion? Name the substances a Na+ is absorbed by the tubular cell. The H+
secreted through the renal tubules. secreted combines with HCO3–, HPO3– and
Ans. 1. Tubular secretion is the passage of waste NH3– and gets fixed as H2CO4+, H2PO4+ and
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material from the blood to the filtrate in the NH4+ respectively. Since H+ gets fixed in the
Nephron. It is the last stage of Excretory process fluid, reabsorption of H+ is prevented.
taking place in the Nephron.
32. How are the kidneys involved in controlling blood volume? How is the volume of blood in the body related
to arterial pressure?
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Ans.
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Decreased
extracellular
fluid volume
Increased Decreased fluid (and/

Decreased
sympathetic or sodium) delivery to
blood pressure
stimulation the distal tubule
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Increased renin
secretion
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Increased conversion
of angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I
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Increased plasm a
concentration of Increased conversion
potassium of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II by
converting enzym e
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Severe decrease in
plasma concentration
of sodium
Increased Increased
Constriction of Increased
secretion of reabsorption of
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blood vessels thirst

aldosterone sodium by
proximal tubule
Increased reabsorption
of sodium by distal tubule
increased secretion of
potassium
Schematic representations of the various hormones in the regulation of body

fluid concentration

1. Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) is a respond by stimulating the neurohypophysis to

specialized tissue in the afferent arteriole of secrete the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or
the nephron that consists of macula densa and vasopressin (a positive feedback).
granular cells. 2. ADH facilitates reabsorption of water by
2. The macula densa cells sense distal tubular flow increasing the number of aquaporins on the
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and affect afferent arteriole diameter, whereas cell surface membrane of the distal convoluted
the granular cells secrete an enzyme called tubule and collecting duct. This increase in
renin. aquaporins causes the movement of water
3. A fall in glomerular blood flow, glomerular from the lumen into the interstitial cells, thereby
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blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate, preventing excess loss of water by diuresis.
can activate JG cells to release renin which 3. When you drink excess amounts of your favourite
converts a plasma protein, angiotensinogen juice, osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus is no
(synthesized in the liver) to angiotensin I. longer stimulated and the release of ADH is
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4. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACH) converts suppressed from the neurohypophysis (negative
angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II feedback) and the aquaporins of the collecting
stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the proximal ducts move into the cytoplasm.
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convoluted tubule by vasoconstriction of the 4. This makes the collecting ducts impermeable
blood vessels and increases the glomerular to water and the excess fluid flows down the
blood pressure. collecting duct without any water loss. Hence
5. Angiotensin II acts at different sites such as
o dilute urine is produced to maintain the blood
heart, kidney, brain, adrenal cortex and blood volume. Vasopressin secretion is controlled by
vessels. positive and negative feedback mechanism.
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6. It stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete 5. Defects in ADH receptors or inability to secrete
aldosterone that causes reabsorption of Na+, ADH leads to a condition called diabetes
K+ excretion and absorption of water from the insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. and excretion of large quantities of dilute
urine resulting in dehydration and fall in blood
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7. This increases the glomerular blood pressure

and glomerular filtration rate. This complex pressure.
mechanism is generally known as Renin- 35. What is the effect of aldosterone on kidneys and
Angiotensin- Aldosterone System (RAAS). where is it produced?
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33. Name the three main hormones are involved in Ans. 1. Excessive stretch of cardiac atrial cells cause
the regulation of the renal function? an increase in blood flow to the atria of the
Ans. Hormones involved in regulation of renal function heart and release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
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are : or factor (ANF) travels to the kidney where it

increases Na+ excretion and increases the blood
1. Vasopressin (Anti diuretic Hormone)
flow to the glomerulus, acting on the afferent
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2. Aldosterone
glomerular arterioles as a vasodilator or on
3. Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone efferent arterioles as a vasoconstrictor.
34. What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? 2. It decreases aldosterone release from the
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Where is it produced and what stimuli increases adrenal cortex and also decreases release of
or decreases its secretion? renin, thereby decreasing angiotensin II.
Ans. 1. When there is excessive loss of fluid from the 3. ANF acts antagonistically to the renin-
body or when there is an increase in the blood angiotensin system, aldosterone and
pressure, the osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus vasopressin.

36. Explain the heart’s role in secreting a hormone 3. The major function of Henle's loop is to
that regulates renal function. What hormone is concentrate ______
this? (a) Na+ and C1– (b) K+ ions
+ +
Ans. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone (c) Na and K ions (d) Na– and C1+ ions
produced by atrial muscle cells of the heart. It reduces [Ans. (a) Na+ and C1–]
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an expanded extracellular fluid volume by increasing 4. Counter current multiplier mechanism is possible
renal sodium excretion. because of the presence of ______
(a) Nephron (b) Collecting duct
(c) Bowman's Capsule (d) Henle's Loop
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ADDITIONAL [Ans. (d) Henle’s Loop]
5. Normal urea level in human blood is about ______
Choose the Correct Answers 1 MARK (a) 20 - 23 gms / 100 mL (b) 17 - 30 mg / 100 mL
(c) 17 - 25 gms / 100 mL (d) 15 - 25 mg / 100 mL
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I. Choose the Correct options for the [Ans. (b) 17 - 30 mg / 100 mL]
below Questions:
6. ______ is not a symptom of glomerulonephritis.
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1. Which is not a waste product? (a) Hypertension (b) Haematuria
(a) Guanine (b) Creatinine (c) Proteinuria (d) Renal colic pain
(c) Urea (d) Ribose [Ans. (d) Renal colic pain]
[Ans. (d) Ribose]
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2. Which part of nephron has evolved to form surviving only on water, will have __________.
hypertonic urine? (a) Less amino acids in his urine
(b) Macula densa cells
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(a) Glomerulus (b) Loop of Henle
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule (c) Less urea in his urine
(d) Collecting duct [Ans. (b) Loop of Henle] (d) More sodium in his urine
3. Which is not a excretory organ? [Ans. (c) Less urea in his urine]
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(a) Kidney (b) Lungs

(c) Heart (d) Liver[Ans. (c) Heart] III. Identify the correct Statements:
1. Identify the correct statements from the below.

II. Choose the Correct
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options for the

(I) Fresh water vertebrates maintain higher salt
below Fill in the blanks:
concentrations in their body fluids.
1. The ureter, blood vessels enter the kidney through (II) Marine vertebrates maintain lower salt
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______. concentrations in their body fluids.

(a) Hilum (III) Terrestrial animals have more water in their
(b) Renal column of Bertini body than the surrounding.
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(c) Hilus (IV) Osmoconformers are not able to change their

(d) Renal pelvis [Ans. (a) Hilum] internal osmotic concentration.
(a) I, II and III only (b) I, II and IV only
2. The glomerular hydrostatic pressure is estimated
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to be ______. (c) II, III and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV
(a) 60 mm / Hg (b) 55 mm / Hg [Ans. (a) I, II, and III only]
(c) 110 mm / Hg (d) 75 mm / Hg
[Ans. (b) 55 mm / Hg]

2. Identify the correct statements from the below. 5. Identify the correct statements from the below
(I) Animals that excrete most of its nitrogen in the (I) Kidneys are involved in bicarbonate, phosphate
form of ammonia are called ammonoteles. and ammonia buffer system.
(II) Many animals are ammonotelic (II) Mammalian kidney is composed of two types
of nephrons, cortical nephrons and juxtin
(III) Mammals and terrestrial amphibians mainly
medullary nephrons.
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excrete ammonia are called ureoteles.
(III) Filtering membrane is composed of endothelial
(IV) Earthworms while in soil are ureoteles and
lining of glomerular capillary, a basement
when in water are ammonoteles. membrane and epithelial lining of Bowman’s
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(a) I, II and III only (b) I and II only capsule.
(c) II, III and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV (IV) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is
called renal corpuscle.
[Ans. (b) I and II only]
(a) II, III and IV only (b) II and IV only
s.
3. Identify the correct statements from the below (c) I and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV
about “Structure of nephron”. [Ans. (d) I, II, III and IV]
(I) Each kidney has nearly one million complex
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tubular structures called nephron. 6. Identify the correct statements from the below
(II) Each nephron consists of a filtering corpuscle (I) Left kidney is lower than the right kidney.
called renal corpuscle. (II) Each kidney has around 1.0 million nephrons.
(III) The renal tubule opens into a longer tubule
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called the collecting duct. excretory organ.
(IV) The Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus (IV) Renal corpuscle is not responsible for filtration.
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together constitute the renal corpuscle. (a) I and IV only (b) II and III only
(a) I, II and III only (b) I, III and IV only (c) I and III only (d) II and IV only
(c) I, and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV [Ans. (b) II and III only]
[Ans. (d) I, II, III and IV]
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IV. Identify the wrong statements :

about “Renal calculi”. 1. Identify the wrong statements from the below
(I) Renal calculi, also called renal stone or kidney about “Uremia”.
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stone or nephrolithiasis. (a) Uremia is characterized by increase in urea.

(II) It is mainly due to the accumulation of soluble (b) Normal urea level in human blood is about
crystals of salts of sodium oxalates and certain 20-40 mg/100 ml of blood.
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phosphates. (c) The urea concentration rises as 10 times of

(III) This result in severe pain called “renal colic normal levels during chronic renal failure.
pain” and can cause scars in the kidneys. (d) Increasing non-protein nitrogenous substances
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(IV) Renal stones can be removed by techniques [Ans. (b) Normal urea level in human blood is
like pyleothotomy or lithotripsy. about 20-40 mg/100 ml of blood.]
(a) I, II and III only (b) I, III and IV only
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(c) II, III and IV only (d) I, II, III and IV

[Ans. (d) I, II, III and IV]

2. Identify the wrong statements from the below. 6. Identify the wrong statement from the below.
(a) An adult human on an average excretes 2 to 3 L (a) Two thirds of the NaCl and water in the filtrate is
of urine per day. reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule.
(b) The urine formed is a yellow coloured watery (b) The descending limb is impermeable to water.
fluid which is slightly acidic in nature. (c) The descending limb is impermeable to salt.
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(c) Changes in diet may cause pH to vary between (d) The ascending segment is permeable to water.
4.5 to 8.0 [Ans. (b) The descending limb is impermeable to
(d) The yellow colour of the urine is due to the water]
presence of a pigment.
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[Ans. (a) An adult human on an average excretes
about “Kidney of a mammal”.
2 to 3 L of urine per day.]
(a) Kidney is enclosed in a white fibrous capsule.
3. Identify the wrong statements from the below. (b) The outer surface is convex, while the inner one
(a) Our lungs remove large quantities of carbon
s.
is concave.
dioxide (30 L/day) (c) The functional unit of the kidney is the
(b) Sweat and sebaceous glands in the skin eliminate glomerulus.
certain wastes through their secretions.
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(d) The right kidney is slightly lower level than the
(c) Sweat produced by the sweat glands primarily left one.
helps to cool the body and secondarily excretes [Ans. (c) The functional unit of the kidney is the
Na+ and CI–, small quantities of urea and lactate. glomerulus.]
(d) Small quantities of nitrogenous waste are also
excreted through saliva.
o 8. Identify the wrong statement from the below.
(a) Cortical nephrons are must abundant.
[Ans. (a) Our lungs remove large quantities of
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carbon dioxide (30 L/day)] (b) Juxta medullary nephrons are least abundant.
(c) Vasa rectae are associated with cortical nephrons.
4. Identify the wrong statements from the below.
(d) Vasa rectae are associated with juxta medullary
(a) Excretory system in human consists of a pair of nephrons.
kidneys.
[Ans. (c) Vasa rectae are associated with
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(b) Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped cortical nephrons]

structures.
(c) Each kidney weighs an average of 150-200
grams.
V. Match the following:
.s
(d) The outer layer of the kidney is covered by three 1. 1. Ammonoteles - (i) Mammals
layers of supportive tissues.
2. Ureoteles - (ii) Fishes
[Ans. (a) Each kidney weighs an average of
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3. Uricoteles - (iii) Gold fish

150- 200 grams.]
4. Stenohaline - (iv) Land snails
5. Identify the wrong statement from the below. 1 2 3 4
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(a) Found at the junction of renal cortex and medulla. (a) iv iii ii i
(b) Have long loop of Henle. (b) iii iv i ii
(c) Have short loop of Henle. (c) ii i iv iii
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(d) Indeficient water supply, increased water (d) i ii iii iv

retention occurs through this nephron. [Ans. (c) 1 - ii, 2 - i, 3 - iv, 4 - iii]
[Ans. (c) Have short loop of Henle]

2. 1. Flame cells - (i) Excretory 6. 1. Kidney (i) Kidney stone

structures Transplantation
2. Solenocytes - (ii) Green glands 2. Renal calculi (ii) Transfer of kidney
3. Antennal glands - (iii) Cilia from one person
4. Malpighian tubules - (iv) Flagella 3. Chronic renal (iii) Artificial kidney
failure
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1 2 3 4
(a) iv i iii ii 4. Haemodialysis (iv) Urea concentration
rises 10 times.
(b) iii iv ii i
(c) ii i iv iii
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1 2 3 4
(d) i ii iii iv (a) i ii iii iv
[Ans. (b) 1 - iii, 2 - iv, 3 - ii, 4 - i] (b) ii i iv iii
(c) iii ii iv i
3. 1. Funnel shaped space - (i) Bertini (d) iv iii i ii
s.
2. Renal columns - (ii) Vasa recta [Ans. (b) 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii]
3. Long straight Vessel - (iii) Renal hilum
4. Notch - (iv) Renal Pelvis VI. Identify the correct assertion and
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1 2 3 4 reason:
(a) i iv iii ii
(b) ii iii iv i 1. Assertion (A) : Aquaporins are water-
permeable channels
(c) iv i ii iii
Reason (R) : Aquaporins allow water to move
(d) i ii iii iv
o across the epithelial cells in relation to the osmotic
[Ans. (c) 1 - iv, 2 - i, 3 - ii, 4 - iii] difference from the lumen to the interstitial fluid.
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4. 1. Urethra inflammation - (i) Painful Urination (a) (R) is correct but (A) is wrong
2. Bladder inflammation - (ii) Urethritis (b) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)
3. Renal inflammations - (iii) Cystelis (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
4. Dysuria - (iv) Pyelitis (d) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
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1 2 3 4 [Ans. (b) (A) is correct and (R) explains (A)]

(a) iv iii ii i 2. Assertion (A) : Glomerular filtration rate
(b) iii iv i ii (GFR) is the volume of filtrate formed min–1 in all
.s
(c) ii iii iv i nephrons (glomerulus) of both the kidneys.

(d) i ii iii iv Reason (R) : In adults the GFR is
[Ans. (c) 1 - ii, 2 - iii, 3 - iv, 4 - i] approximately 120-125 mL/min.
(a) (R) is correct but (A) is wrong
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5. 1. Osmolarity - (i) Glomerular filtrate (b) (A) is correct but (R) does not explains (A)
2. Defects in ADH - (ii) Milliosmoles (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
3. Enzyme inhibitors - (iii) Diabetes insipidus (d) Both (A) and (R) are Correct
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4. Bowman’s capsule - (iv) ACE inhibitors [Ans. (d) Both (A) and (R) are Correct]
1 2 3 4 3. Assertion (A) : The decending limb of Henle’s
loop is permeable to water.
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(a) iv iii ii i
Reason (R) : Aquaporins are the facilitators
(b) ii iii iv i
for water permeability.
(c) i ii iii iv (a) (A) and (R) are wrong
(d) iii iv i ii (b) (R) does not explain (A)
[Ans. (b) 1 - ii, 2 - iii, 3 - iv, 4 - i] (c) (R) explains (A)
(d) (A) is right (R) is wrong
[Ans. (c) (R) explains (A)]

VII. Identify the correct option for the 3. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the
parts of the Diagram :
below diagram.
1. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the B

below diagram.
C
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A A
D D
B
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A B C D
C
(a) Proximal Glomerular efferent afferent
convoluted capsular arteriole arteriole
tubule space
s.
A B C D (b) Glomerular afferent Proximal efferent
(a) Bowman’s Distal Collecting Proximal capsular arteriole convoluted arteriole
capsule tubule duct tubule space tubule
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(b) Proximal Collecting Distal Bowman’s (c) Afferent Efferent Glomerular Proximal
tubule duct tubule capsule arteriole arteriole capsular convoluted
(c) Collecting Proximal Bowman’s Distal space tubule
duct tuble capsule tubule (d) efferent afferent proximal Glomerular
arteriole arteriole convoluted capsular
(d) Distal
tubule
Bowman’s
capsule tubule
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Proximal collecting
duct tubule space
[Ans. (a) A - Bowman’s capsule, B - Distal tubule, [Ans. (c) A - Afferent arteriole, B - Efferent
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C - Collecting duct, D - Proximal tubule] arteriole, C - Glomerular capsular space,
D - Proximal convoluted tubule]
2. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the
below diagram. 4. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the
A B C below diagram.
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B D
C
A
.s
D
A B C D
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(a) Endothelial Basement Endothelial Blood

cell membrane cell of vessel
A B C D capillary lumen
(a) Vasa recta Afferent Glomerulus Efferent (b) Basement Endothelial Blood Endothelia
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arteriole arteriole membrane cell of vessel cell

(b) Efferent Glomerulus Afferent Vasa recta capillary lumen
arteriole arteriole (c) Endothelial Endothelial Blood Basement
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(c) Afferent Efferent Vasa recta Glomerulus cell of cell vessel membrane
arteriole arteriole capillary lumen
(d) Glomerulus Vasa recta efferent afferent (d) Blood Endothelial Endothelial Basement
arteriole arteriole vessel cell cell of membrane
[Ans. (b) A - Efferent arteriole, B - Glomerulus, lumen capillary
C - Afferent arteriole, D - Vasa recta] [Ans. (d) A - Blood vessel lumen,
B - Endothelial cell, C - Endothelial cell of
capillary, D - Basement membrane]

5. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the VIII. Identify the Correct pair from the
below diagram “L.S.of kidney”. below :
1. (a) Ammonia - Mammals

A (b) Urea - Birds
(c) Uric acid - Aquatic animals
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C
(d) Muscle in the
B
Bladder wall - Detrusor
D
[Ans. (a) Muscle in the Bladder wall- Detrusor]
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- Metanephridia
2. (a) Protonephridia
A B C D (b) Dilute urine
- Hyperosmotic
(a) Cortical Major calyx Kidney Medulla (c) Concentrated urine
- Hypo osmotic
glomerulus pelvis (d) Nephron - Functional unit of
s.
(b) Major Cortical Kidney Medulla liver
calyx glomerulus pelvis [Ans. (a) Protonephridia-Metanephridia]
(c) Medulla Major calyx Cortical Kidney
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glomeruluspelvis IX. Identify the Incorrect pair from the
(d) Cortical Major calyx Medulla Kidney below :

glomerulus pelvis
1. (a) Glomerular blood pressure - 55 mmHg
[Ans. (d) A - Cortical glomerulus, B - Major calyx, (b) Glomerular filtration rate - 120-125 ml/min
C - Medulla, D - Kidney pelvis]
o (c) Colloidal Osmotic pressure - 30 mmHg
6. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D for the (d) Capsular hydrostatic pressure - 20 mmHg
ab
below diagram “Structure of Nephrons”.
[Ans. (d) Capsular hydrostatic pressure -
A 20 mmHg]
B 2. (a) Glomerulonephritis - Bright’s disease
C
4
1
(b) Toxic Urea - Haemodialysis

5
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D
3
(c) Glucose - Glucosuria

(d) Ketone bodies - Hydrocarbons
[Ans. (d) Ketone bodies - Hydrocarbons]
.s
A B C D
X. Identify the Odd-man out from the
(a) Glomerulus Bowman’s Proximal Macula
capsule tubule densa below :
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(b) Bowman’s Glomerulus Proximal Macula

capsule tubule densa 1. Identify the odd-man out regarding “Supportive
tissues”.
(c) Glomerulus Bowman’s Macula Proximal
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capsule densa tubule (a) Renal fascia (b) Perirenal fat capsule
(d) Bowman’s Macula densa Glomerulus Proximal (c) Pyramids (d) Fibrous capsule
capsule tubule [Ans. (c) Pyramids]
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[Ans. (c) A - Glomerulus, B - Bowman’s capsule, Reason: The medulla is divided into a few conical
C - Macula densa, D - Proximal tubule] tissue masses called medullary pyramids. Others are
the layers of the supportive tissue.

2. Identify the odd-man out regarding “Urinary 7. Name the processes involved in urine formation.
tract infections”. Ans. Urine formation involves three main processes
(a) Uremia (b) Renal Calculi namely, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption
(c) Glomerulonephritis (d) Glucosemia and tubular secretion.
[Ans. (d) Glucosemia] 8. Which is acting as a water permeable channels in
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Reason: Glycaemia is the presence of glucose in the Nephron?
blood. Others are the Urinary tract infection.
Ans. Aquaporins are water–permeable channels in
membrane of Nephron (membrane transport proteins)
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Very Short Answers 2 MARKS
that allow water to move across the epithelial cells in
1. Name any four nitrogenous waste products relation to the osmotic difference from the lumen to
produced by animals. the interstitial fluid.
s.
Ans. (a) Urea 9. What is Micturition?
(b) Uric acid Ans. The process of release of urine from the bladder is
(c) Ammonia called Micturition or Urination.
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(d) Creatinine
10. Why is the urine yellow in colour?
2. Why are aquatic animals mostly ammonotelic in Ans. The yellow colour of the urine is due to the presence
nature? of a pigment, urochrome.
Ans. The Ammonotelic animals produce ammonia
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as nitrogenous waste product during excretion. 11. Can acute renal failures corrected by kidney
Ammonia dissolves in water easily and hence this transplantation?
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type of excretion is common in aquatic animals. Ans. It is the ultimate method for correction of a acute
renal failures. This involves transfer of healthy
3. What is peculiar about excretion in earthworms?
kidney from one person (donor) to another person
Ans. Earthworms are ureoteles in the soil and when in
with kidney failure.
water they are ammonoteles.
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4. Why do reptiles produce very little hypotonic Short Answers 3 MARKS

urine? 1. Name the composition of “Sebum”. [HY-2018]
Ans. Reptiles have reduced glomerulus or lack glomerulus
.s
Ans. 1. They are the fine hairs and wax producing

and Henle's loop. Hence they produce very little
sebaseous glands called ceruminous glands in
hypotonic urine.
the external auditory meatus.
5. What is the role of efferent arteriole in the
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2. The combination of hair and the ear wax helps

formation of vasa recta?
in preventing dust and foreign particles from
Ans. The efferent arteriole serving the medullary nephron entering the ear.
forms bundles of long straight vessel called vasa
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3. Sebum contains a variety of different lipids,

recta and runs parallel to the loop of Henle. Vasa
recta is absent or reduced in cortical nephrons. including cholesterol, glycerides, fatty acids,
and wax, but the exact composition of sebum
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6. Write the name of the cycle which converts amino varies with a person’s age.
acid to urea?
Ans. The nitrogenous waste formed as a result of
breakdown of amino acid is converted to urea in the
liver by the ornithine or urea cycle.

2. Why are Immunosuppressive drugs required for Long Answers 5 MARKS

kidney transplantation?
1. Write a note on a) Uremia b) Renal Calculi
Ans. 1. In kidney transplantation, the donated kidney
Ans. Uremia :
may be taken from a healthy person who is
declared brain dead or from sibling or close 1. Uremia is characterized by increase in urea and
other non-protein nitrogenous substances like
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relatives to minimise the chances of rejection
uric acid and creatinine in blood.
by the immune system of the host.
2. Normal urea level in human blood is
2. Immunosuppressive drugs are usually about 17-30mg/100mL of blood. The urea
administered to the patient to avoid tissue
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concentration rises as 10 times of normal levels
rejection in kidney transplantation. during chronic renal failure.
3. Name and Explain the filtering corpuscle in the Renal Calculi :
nephron? 1. Renal calculi, also called renal stone or
nephrolithiasis, is the formation of hard stone
s.
Ans. The renal tubule begins with a double walled cup
like masses in the renal tubules of renal pelvis.
shaped structure called the Bowman’s capsule,
2. It is mainly due to the accumulation of soluble
which encloses a ball of capillaries that delivers fluid
crystals of salts of sodium oxalates and certain
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to the tubules, called the glomerulus. The Bowman’s phosphates.
capsule and the glomerulus together constitute the
3. This result in severe pain called “renal colic
renal corpuscle. pain” and can cause scars in the kidneys. Renal
4. Differentiate acute and chronic Renal failure. stones can be removed by techniques like
pyleothotomy or lithotripsy.
Chronic renal failure.
o
Ans. 1. Renal failure are of two types, Acute and
2. Malfunctioning of the kidneys can be treated by
haemodialysis? Explain.
ab
2. In acute renal failure the kidney stops its
function abruptly, but there are chances for Ans. 1. Malfunctioning of the kidneys can lead to
recovery of kidney functions. accumalation of urea and other toxic substances,
leading to kidney failure. In such patients toxic
3. In chronic renal failure there is a progressive
urea can be removed from the blood by a process
loss of function of the nephrons which gradually
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called haemodialysis.
decreases the function of kidneys.
2. A dialysing machine or an artificial kidney is
5. Draw a L.S. of Kidney and label connected to the patient’s body. A dialysing
machine consists of a long cellulose tube
.s
(a) Ureter, (b) Capsule, (c) Pelvis

surrounded by the dialysing fluid in a water
Ans.
bath.
3. The patient’s blood is drawn from a convenient
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artery and pumped into the dialysing unit after

adding an anticoagulant like heparin.
4. The tiny pores in the dialysis tube allows small
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molecules such as glucose, salts and urea to

enter into the water bath, whereas blood cells
Pelvis and protein molecules do not enter these pores.
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Capsule 5. This stage is similar to the filtration process

Ureter
in the glomerulus. The dialysing liquid in the
water bath consists of solution of salt and sugar
in correct proportion in order to prevent loss of
glucose and essential salts from the blood.
6. The cleared blood is then pumped back to the
body through a vein.

3. Explain the structure of kidney. 9. Inner to the hilum is a broad funnel shaped
Ans. Structure of kidney: space called the renal pelvis with projection
1. Excretory system in human consists of a pair of called calyces.
kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and 10. The calyces collect the urine and empties into
urethra. the ureter, which is stored in the urinary bladder
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temporarily.
11. The urinary bladder opens into the urethra
through which urine is expelled out.
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4. Explain the structure of nephron.
Ans. Glomerulus Distal tubule
Efferent
arteriole
Bowman’s
capsule
s.
4
Macula 1
densa 5
Granular
cells 2
Afferent 3 Proximal
arteriole tubule
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Collecting
duct
L S of kidney
o Loop
of
henle
2. Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped
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structures that lie in the superior lumbar region Structure of the nephrons
between the levels of the last thoracic and third
lumber vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of 1. Each kidney has nearly one million complex
the abdominal cavity. tubular structures called nephron.
3. 2. Each nephron consists of a filtering corpuscle
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The right kidney is placed slightly lower than

the left kidney. called renal corpuscle (malpighian body) and
a renal tubule. The renal tubule opens into a
4. The outer layer of the kidney is covered by
longer tubule called the collecting duct.
three layers of supportive tissues namely, renal
.s
fascia, perirenal fat capsule and fibrous capsule. 3. The renal tubule begins with a double walled cup
shaped structure called the Bowman’s capsule,
5. The longitudinal section of kidney shows, an which encloses a ball of capillaries that delivers
outer cortex, inner medulla and pelvis.
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fluid to the tubules, called the glomerulus. The

6. The medulla is divided into a few conical tissue Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus together
masses called medullary pyramids or renal constitute the renal corpuscle.
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pyramids. 4. The endothelium of glomerulus has many

7. The part of cortex that extends in between the pores (fenestrae). The external parietal layer
medullary pyramids is the renal columns of of the Bowman’s capsule is made up of simple
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Bertini. squamous epithelium and the visceral layer is

made of epithelial cells called podocytes.
8. The centre of the inner concave surface of
the kidney has a notch called the renal hilum, 5. The podocytes end in foot processes which cling
through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves to the basement membrane of the glomerulus.
innervate. The openings between the foot processes are
called filtration slits.

6. The renal tubule continues further to form the 5. Explain the tubular reabsorption process of urine
proximal convoluted tubule [PCT] followed by formation.
a U-shaped loop of Henle (Henle’s loop) that Ans. This is the second step in process of urine formation
has a thin descending and a thick ascending Tubular Reabsorption:
limb. 1. This involves movement of the filtrate back into
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7. The ascending limb continues as a highly coiled the circulation.
tubular region called the distal convoluted 2. The volume of filtrate formed per day is around
tubule [DCT]. 170-180 L and the urine released is around
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8. The DCT of many nephrons open into a straight 1.5 L per day, i.e., nearly 99% of the glomerular
tube called collecting duct. filtrate that has to be reabsorbed by the renal
tubules as it contains certain substances needed
9. The collecting duct runs through the medullary
by the body. This process is called selective
pyramids in the region of the pelvis.
reabsorption.
s.
10. Several collecting ducts fuse to form papillary 3. Reabsorption takes place by the tubular
duct that delivers urine into the calyces, which epithelial cells in different segments of the
opens into the renal pelvis. nephron either by active transport or passive
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11. In the renal tubules, PCT and DCT of the transport, diffusion and osmosis.
nephron are situated in the cortical region of 4. Proximal convoluted Tubule (PCT)- Glucose,
the kidney whereas the loop of Henle is in the lactate, amino acids, Na+ and water in the filtrate
medullary region. is reabsorbed in the PCT. Sodium is reabsorbed
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12. In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is by active transport through sodium- potassium
too short and extends only very little into the (Na+ - K+) pump in the PCT. Small amounts of
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medulla and are called cortical nephrons. Some urea and uric acid are also reabsorbed.
nephrons have very long loop of Henle that 5. Descending limb of Henle’s loop is permeable
run deep into the medulla and are called juxta to water due the presence of aquaporins, but
medullary nephrons (JMN) not permeable to salts. Water is lost in the
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13. The capillary bed of the nephrons- First descending limb, hence Na+ and Cl– gets
capillary bed of the nephron is the glomerulus concentrated in the filtrate.
and the other is the peritubular capillaries. 6. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable
to water but permeable to solutes such as Na+,
.s
The glomerular capillary bed is different from

other capillary beds in that it is supplied by the Cl– and K+.
afferent and drained by the efferent arteriole. 7. The distal convoluted tubule recovers water
and secretes potassium into the tubule. Na+, Cl–
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The efferent arteriole that comes out of the

glomerulus forms a fine capillary network and water remains in the filtrate of the DCT.
around the renal tubule called the peritubular 8. Most of the reabsorption from this point is
dependent on the body’s need and is regulated
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capillaries.
14. The efferent arteriole serving the juxta medullary by hormones. Reabsorption of bicarbonate
nephron forms bundles of long straight vessel (HCO3–) takes place to regulate the blood pH.
Homeostasis of K+ and Na+ in the blood is also
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called vasa recta and runs parallel to the loop of

Henle. Vasa recta is absent or reduced in cortical regulated in this region.
nephrons.

9. Collecting duct is permeable to water, secretes 2. This information reaches the centres in thalamus
K+ (potassium ions are actively transported and cerebral cortex of the brain via the spine.
into the tubule) and reabsorbs Na+ to produce 3. The brain can sense the need to pass urine and
concentrated urine. The change in permeability urgency of the situation.
to water is due to the presence of number of 4. The brain centres can control the micturition
water-permeable channels called aquaporins. reflex by inhibiting the parasympathetic motor
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fibres.
6. How is the process of micturition altered by toilet
5. When convenient, the brain centre removes this
training?
control and permits micturition under conscious
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Ans. 1. The process of release of urine from the urinary control.
bladder is called micturition. It is more than
6. Further the link between spine and cerebral
a simple reflex. The control of micturition is
cortex is developed only nearing 2 years of age.
learnt is infancy. It induces other sensory fibres
Hence toilet training is not possible in infants.
in the bladder which conveys the information
7. Therefore by training children at a young age
s.
on fullness of bladder.
the micturition reflex can be brought under
control.
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
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.s
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UNIT - IV
Chapter Locomotion and
m
9 Movement
co
s.
CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
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9.1 Types of Movement  The lower limb
 Amoeboid Movement  Structure of a typical long bone
 Ciliary Movement 9.10 Types of joints
 Flagellar Movement
o  Fibrous joints or synarthroses
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 Muscular Movement  Cartilaginous joints or
9.2 Types of Muscles Amphiarthroses
9.3 Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary Muscle)  Synovial joints or Diarthroses
9.3.1
Structure of a skeletal muscle 9.11 Disorders of muscular and skeletal
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fibre system
9.4 Structure of Contractile proteins a) Disorders of muscular system
9.5 Mechanism of muscle contraction  Myasthenia gravis
.s
9.6 Types of skeletal muscle contraction  Tetany

9.7 Skeletal muscle (and its function)  Muscle fatigue
9.8 The Axial skeleton  Atrophy
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9.9 The Appendicular skeleton  Muscular pull

 The Pectoral  Muscular dystrophy
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 The upper limb 9.12 Benefits of regular Exercise

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[149]

150 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-II ✫ Chapter 9 ✫ Locomotion and Movement
CONCEPT MAP
Muscular dystrophy,
m
Rigor mortis
Movement
co
Myasthenia gravis
Locomotion
Support
Tetany, Muscle pull
Muscle
s.
contraction Main purpose Muscle Fatigue, Atrophy
Main processes Health issues
o MUSCLES
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ab
MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM

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Skeletal system
.s
Health issues
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Main purpose
Shape and support

Arthritis
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Protection and locomotion

Osteoporosis
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Strength
Haemopoietic tissue

Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Volume-II ✫ Chapter 9 ✫ Locomotion and Movement 151
CONCEPT MAP
m
co
SKELETAL MUSCLE
s.
Connective tissue Muscle Fascicles Blood vessels Nerves
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Muscle Fibres (cells)
Sarcolemma
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Sarcoplasm Multiple nuclei
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Sarcoplasmic Myofibrils Mitochondria Glycogen Myoglobin

reticulum granules
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Troponin Actin Tropomyosin Myosin

.s
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Thin filaments Thick filaments

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sarcomere
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242 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio-Zoology - Volume-II ✫ Chapter 12 ✫ Trends in Economic Zoology
Aseel: This breed is white or black in colour. characters, such as black skin and bones, blue
The hens are not good egg layers but are good earlobes, and five toes on each foot, while the
in incubation of eggs. It is found in all states majority chickens only have four. Exhibited
of India. Aseel is noted for its pugnacity, high in poultry shows, and come out in various
stamina, and majestic gait and dogged fighting colours. It is especially simple to maintain as
qualities. This breed is well-known for their pets.
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meat qualities. Hots
5. Ornamental breeds: Ornamental chicken are
reared as pets and used for egg production and 1. Fish are efficient in converting feed to flesh.
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meat. Ans. Fish have the ability to convert a greater proportion
Silkie: It is a breed of chicken has a typical of the protein and energy they receive from feed
fluffy plumage, which is said to feel like silk and and turn it into human food when compared to other
satin. Has numerous additional special terrestrial animals. (Feed conversion Ratio).
s.
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ab
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.s
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Govt. Model Question Paper - 1 (21-08-2018)

with Answer Key
Govt. Model Question Paper - 2 (23-02-2019)

with Answer Key
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and
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Sura’s Model Question Papers - 2 Nos.
with Answer Key
11
th
BIO-ZOOLOGY
s.
STD.
Time : 1.15 hours (Short Version) Written Exam Marks : 35 Marks
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&
ZOOLOGY
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Time : 2.30 hours (Long Version) Written Exam Marks : 70 Marks
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Kind Attention to the Students
From this year onwards, blue print system has been abolished.
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Please note that questions will be framed from IN-TEXT portions ALSO.
Approximately 20% of the questions will be asked from IN-TEXT portions.
These questions will be based on Reasoning and Understanding of the lessons.
.s
Further, Creative and Higher Order Thinking Skills questions will also be asked. It requires
the students to clearly understand the lessons. So the students have to think and answer such
questions.
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It is instructed that henceforth if any questions are asked from ‘out of syllabus’, grace marks
will not be given.
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Term Test, Revision Test and Model Exam will be conducted based on the above pattern only.
Concentrating only on the book-back questions and/or previous year questions, henceforth,
may not ensure to score 100% marks.
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Also note that the answers must be written either in blue ink or in black ink. Avoid using both
the colour inks to answer the questions.
For MCQs, the answers should be written in full. Simply writing (a) or (b) etc. will not get full
marks. You have to write (a) or (b) etc., along with the answer given in the options.
[ 243 ]

On 21.08.2018, Model Question Paper is released by the Govt. We have given it along with Answer Key.
11th GOVT. MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1
STD.
Time Allowed : 1 ¼ hours Bio- Zoology Maximum Marks : 35
Instructions: 7. The plasma proteins involved in the coagulation of
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i. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. blood is
ii. Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and
pencil to draw diagrams: (a) globulin (b) fibrinogen
(c) albumin (d) globin
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SECTION - I
Note : (i) Answer all the questions: (8 × 1 =8) 8. Write the name of the enzyme involved in the given
(ii) Each question carries 1 mark. reaction at X
Choose the most suitable answer from the CO2 + H2O HCO3
s.
given four alternatives and write the option SECTION - II
code and the corresponding answer or Write
Write any four of the following: (4 × 2 =8)
the answer.
9. Expand the abbreviations DAISY and ABIS
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1. Molecular taxonomic tool consists of
(a) DNA and RNA 10. Compare schizocoelomate with enterocoelomate?
(b) Mitochondria and ER
11. List any two characteristics of Hemichordate.
(c) Cell wall and membrane protein
12. How emphysema occur?
(d) All the above
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2. Lateral line sense organs is seen 13. Write the significance of the followings. i. Microvilli
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(a) salamander (b) frog ii. Goblet cells.
(c) water snake (d) fish 14. State the deficiency disease caused by less intake of
3. Select the wrongly matched pair iron in our diet?
(a) Exocrine gland – Salivary gland SECTION - III
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(b) Endocrine gland – Hormones Write any three of the following in which question
(c) Bones – Adipose tissue No: 18 is compulsory. (3 × 3 =9)
(d) Blood – Fluid connective tissue
4. Kidney of frog is 15. Label the parts A, B, C, D, E and F in the given
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diagram
(a) Archinephric (b) pnonephric
(c) mesonephric (d) metanephric
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5. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched?

(a) Succus entericus – Intestine
(b) Renin – Kidney
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(c) Rennin – Stomach

(d) Ptyalin – Mouth
6. Write the name of the animal in the given diagram 16. List out the diagnostic features of phylum
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Ctenophora.
17. Write the systematic positions of cockroach and frog.

18. Construct a cladogram with the given examples.
(Catfish, Frog, Crocodile, Crow, Rabbit and Monkey)
[244]

Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Govt. Model Question Paper245
19. Tabulate the agglutinogens and agguitinins present 12. Emphysema :

in the different groups of human blood. 1. Emphysema is chronic breathlessness caused
by gradual breakdown of the thin walls of the
SECTION - IV
Answer all the questions (2×5=10) alveoli decreasing the total surface area of a
gaseous exchange. i.e., widening of the alveoli
20. A. How do you distinguish shark fish from cat fish?
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is called emphysema.
(or)
2. The major cause for this disease is cigarette
B. i. Write down the common features of connective
tissues on the basis of structure and function. smoking, which reduces the respiratory surface
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ii. Differentiate bones from cartilage. of the alveolar walls.
13. (i) Significane of microvilli :
21. A. i. Write an account on protein energy malnutrition.
The columnar epithelial cells are modified to form the
ii. Add a note on role of pancreatic enzymes in
protein digestion microvilli on the apial surface of the abserptive cells.
s.
(or) The microvilli are sipplied with blood capillacies.
B. i. Write a note on respiratory pigments. In the small intestine system the microvilli help is
ii. What are the components involved in absorption of digested food materials.
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coagulation of blood? (ii) Significance of Goblet cells :
The columnar epithelial cells are modified the
ANSWERS form the croblet cells is the digestive system.
The goblet cells features mucus in the stomach
o and large intestine. The mucus protects the
Section - I
wall of the stomach and intestine. Goblet cells
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1. (a) DNA and RNA
which secrete mucus, a slimy material rich in
2. (d) fish
glycoprotein. and also aids is lubrication.
3. (c) Bones - Adipose tissue
4. (c) mesonephric 14. 1. Anaemia is the deficency disease caused by less
5. (c) Rennin - Stomach intake of iron in our diet.
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6. Squid 2. An anaemic person feels tired and giddy because

7. (b) fibrinogen of reduced number of RBCs in the blood.
8. CO2 + H2O Carbonic anhydrase HCO3
Section - III
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Section - II
15.
9. DAISY → Digital Automated Identification System.
ABIS → Automatic Bee Identification System.
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10. 1. Eucoelom or true coelom is a fluid-filled cavity

that develops within the mesoderm and is lined
by mesodermal epithelium called peritoneum.
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2. Such animals with a true body cavity are called

eucoelomates.
11. 1. The body is cylindrical and divided into three
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regions- The anterior Probocis, a short collar Lampito mauritii: Circulatory system and Nervous System
and a long trunk.
2. Most Hemichordates are ciliary features. 16. Phylum: Ctenophora
3. They show indirect development with a free (G. Ktenos -comb; phoros -bearing)
swimming tornaria larva. Ctenophora are exclusively marine, radially
symmetrical, diploblastic animals with tissue level

246 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Govt. Model Question Paper
of organisation. Though they are diploblastic, their Section - IV

mesoglea is different from that of cnidaria. It contains 20.
amoebocytes and smooth muscle cells. They have
S. No Shark fish Cat fish
eight external rows of ciliated comb plates (comb
jellies) which help in locomotion, hence commonly 1. It is a cat laginous It is a bony fish and
called comb jellies for Sea Walnuts. fish and belongs to belongs to the class
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the class chondrich- osteichthyes.
17. Systematic position of cockroach
thyes
Phylem Arthropods
2. The skeleton is The skeleton is
Class Insecta
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made of cartilage made of calcified
Order Orthoptera bones.
Henus Periplanete
3. Upper Jaw of shark Some bony
Species Americana is not attached to fishes also have a
Systematic position of frog the skill and moves second set of jaws
s.
Phylum Chordata independently. (Pharyngeal Jaws)
Class Amphibia 4. The gill slits of The gills are
Order Anura shark are visible covered by a bony
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Genus Rana and not protected plate.
Species Hexadactyla 5. Presence of third The eye has
eyelid to protect the no protective
18.
eye. coverings.
Example of a Cladogram
o (or)
(i) Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm and
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is distributed widely in the body.
Components: All connective tissues consists of
three main components.
a. Fibres
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b. Ground substance
c. Cells
Fibres provide support and are of three types
19. collagen, elastic and reticular fibres.
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Blood Agglutinogens Agglutinin Connective tissues are classified into

group (antigens) on the (antibodies) I. Loose connective tissue
RBC in the plasma
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II. Dense connective tissue

A A Anti B
III. Specialized connective tissue
B B Anti A
Connective tissues
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AB AB No antibodies
O No antigens Anti A and Anti B
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Loose Dense Specialised

Connective Connective Connective
tissues issues tissues
1. Areolar Tissue 1. Dense Regular 1. Cartilage
2. Adipose Tissue 2. Dense irrregular 2. Bone
3. Reticular Tissue 3. Elastic 3. Blood

(ii) 4. The proteins and partially digested proteins in

S.No Bone Cartilage the chyme from the stomach are acted upon by
1. It is hard and It is comparatively the proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice in
inflexible. soft and flexible. the small intestine.
Trypsin
2. Bone cells called Cells called 5. Proteins Pelypeptides + peptones
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osteocytes are chondrocytes are (hydrolysis)
present in spaces enclosed in small
6. Chymotrypsin hydrolyses peptide bonds
called Lacunae. cavities within the
associated with specific amino acids.
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matrix secreted by
them. (or)
3. Marrow is present. Marrow is absent. B. (i)
Haemoglobin : Haemoglobin belongs to the
class of conjugated protein. The iron containing
21. A. (i) Protein energy malnutrition(PEM) :
pigment portion haem constitutes only 4% and
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1. Growing children require more amount of the rest colourless protein. Molecular weight is
protein for their growth and development. 68,000 and contains 4 atoms of iron.
2. Protein deficient diet during early stage Mathaemoglobin : If the iron component of the
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of children may lead to protein energy haem moietries is in the ferric, state, than the
normal ferrous state is called methaemoglobin.
malnutrition such as Marasmus and
It does not bind O2. RBC contains less than 1%
Kwashiorkor. o methaemoglobin.
3. Symptoms are dry skin, pot-belly, oedema (ii) These are the components involved in blood
in the legs and face, stunted growth, coagulation platelets :
ab
changes in hair colour, weakness and It adhere to collagen fibres in the connective
irritability. Marasmus is an acute from of tissue and release substances that form the
protein malnutrition. platelet plug which provides emergency
protection against blood loss.
(ii) Role of pancreatic enzymes in digestion :
Prothrombin : It’s a protein and it is converted
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1. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such to its achive form called thrombin in the
as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, presence of calcium and vitamin K.
carboxypeptidases, for protein digestion. Thrombin : It helps in the conversion of
.s
2.
Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, fibrinogen to fibrin threads. The thereads of
enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal fibrins become interlinked into a patch that
traps blood call and seals the injured vessel.
mucosa into active trypsin.
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Serum : Fibrin fibrils contract, squeezing out

3. This in turn activates the enzyme
a straw - coloured fluid through a meshwork
chymotrypsinogen in the pancreatic called serum.
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juice.
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11th
STD. GOVT. MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2
Instructions: 4. Which of the following factors is favourable for the
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i. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli?
ii. Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and a) High PO2
pencil to draw diagrams: b) High temperature
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SECTION - I c) More H+ concentration
d) High PCO2
Note : (i) Answer all the questions: (8 × 1 =8)
(ii) Each question carries 1 mark. 5. The qualities of Red muscle fibres are
Choose the most suitable answer from the 1. They have more number of mitochondria
s.
given four alternatives and write the option 2. They have more oxidative phosphorylation
code and the corresponding answer or Write capacity
the answer. 3. They have more number of glycolytic enzymes
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1. Arrange the following organisms on the basis of five 4. They do not have myoglobin
kingdom system of classification. a) 1and 2 are correct b) 1 and 3 are correct
c) 1 and 4 are correct d) 3 and 4 are correct
1. Mushroom 2. Mycobacterium 3. Plasmodium 4.
Jelly fish 5. Mango tree 6. Match the bones of ribcage with their number
(a) 2, 3, 1, 5 and 4
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(c) 2,3,4, 5 and 1 1. Vertebro-sternal ribs - i) 11th and 12th pair
(b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 4 (d) 2,3,1,4 and 5 2. Vertebro-chondral ribs - ii) first 7 pairs
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2. Given below are animals and their respiratory 3. Vertebral ribs - iii) 8th, 9th and 10th pair
organs. Find the pairs which are wrongly matched. a) 1(i), 2(ii) and 3(iii) b) 1(ii), 2(i) and 3(iii)
(A) Silver fish - Trachea c) 1(ii), 2(iii) and 3(i) d) 1(iii), 2(ii) and 3(i)
(B) Scorpion - Lungs
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7. Match the species of silk moth with their preferred

(C) Sea Squirt - Pharyngeal gills food
(D) Dolphin - Skin P. Bombyx mori - i) Champa
(a) A and B (b) B and C Q. Antheraea assamensis - ii) Mulberry
.s
(c ) C and D (d) B and D R. Antheraea mylitta - iii) Caster

3. Match Column -I with Column -II and choose the S. Attacus ricini - iv) Arjun
correct option P Q R S
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Column -I Column -II a) ii i iv iii

(P) Kwashiorkor - (i) Indigestion’ b) i ii iii iv
(Q) Pernicious anaemia - (ii) Bile pigments c) i iii ii iv
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increses in blood d) iii i ii iv

(R) Hepatitis - (iii) Malnutrition 8. In induced breeding technique the fertilised eggs
(S) Constipation - (iv) C yanocobalamine are removed from the spawning place and kept in
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deficiency rectangular enclosures called

a) P-iii, Q-iv, R- ii, S- i b) P-iv, Q-iii, R- ii, S- i a. Rearing Pond b. Nursery Pond
c) P-ii, Q-iii, R- iv, S- i d) P-i, Q-iii, R- iv, S- i c. Hapa d. Pens
[248]

SECTION - II 18. a) Write the parts labelled A,B,C and D in the given
Write any four of the following: (4 × 2 =8) diagram.
A
9. Most of the animal tissue junctions provide both
structural and functional links. Name any two types
D
of junctions and write their functions.
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10. ‘Earthworms are called biological indicators of soil B C
fertility’ – Justify
b) The thick bundle of elongated nerve roots within
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11. a) What is reverse peristalsis? the lower vertebral canal is called ----
b) Which part of the brain controls this process?
19. List any three common uses of shellac.
12. Name the allergens which cause asthma.
SECTION - IV
13. Skeletal tissue is a haemopoietic tissue.- Justify your
s.
Write any three of the following in which question
answer No: 18 is compulsory. (2 × 5 =10)
14. a) Where do you find canal of Schlemm? 20. a) What are hemichordates?
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b) Write down its function. b) How do they differ from other chordates?
SECTION - III c) Explain the characteristic feature of this phylum
Write any three of the following in which question with suitable examples.
No: 18 is compulsory. (3 × 3 =9)
o (OR)
15. A) Identify who am I using the given clues. a) What is cardiac cycle
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I) a) Preserved plants and animals are kept here for b) Explain the events of cardiac cycle.
study and reference.
21. a) Where is pineal gland located?
b) Both living and extinct forms can be studied
here. b) Name the hormone secreted by the gland.
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II) a) These are the places where wild animals are c) Specify the major functions performed by the hor-
protected. mone.
b) It enables us to study their food habits and (OR)

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behaviour. Briefly explain the steps involved in insertion of nu-

B) Identify the taxonomic tools using the hints given cleus in pearl culture.
below.
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Sound of bird and bio-luminescence ANSWERS

16. Name the receptor organs of earthworm. Add a note
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on their location. SECTION - I

1. (d) 2,3,1,4 and 5
17. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
2. (d) B and D
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a) The solubility of ammonia in water is higher than 3. (a) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S i
urea.
4. (a) High PO2
b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine 5. (a) 1 and 2 are correct.
hypotonic.
6. (c) 1 (ii), 2 (iii) and 3 (i)
c) Juxta medullary nephrons have very short loop of 7. P-(a), Q-(ii), R-(i), R-(iv), S-(iii)
Henle. 8. (c) Hapa

250 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Govt. Model Question Paper
SECTION - II 3. Tactile receptors Present in prostomial

9. 1. Tight junctions (Sense of touch) and the body wall
2. Adhering junctions 4. Chemoreceptors found in the (sense of
(detect chemical smell) buccal cavity
3. Gap junctions
changes) found in the (sense of
Functions
smell) buccal cavity
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5 Gustatory and
Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking
olfactory receptors
across a tissue (Sense of taste)
Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep 17. (a) True
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neighboring calls together
(b) False
Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate
(c) False
with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of
18. a) A) Anterior Median fissure tail
adjoining cells.
B) Anterior column
s.
10. Earthworms are called biological indicators of (2)
Soil fertility because they support bacteria, fungi, C) Central canal
protozoans and a host of other organisms which are D) Dorsal root ganglion
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essential for sustaining a healthy soil. b) Cauda equine (horse’s tail)
11. a) Reverse peristalsis is the reverse of the involuntary 19. Common Uses of Shellac:
smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It 1. Lac is largely used as a sealing wax and adhesive
usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting.
for optical instruments.
b) Hypothalamus region of the cerebrum controls
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peristaltic monuments. Medulla oblongata is the 2. Used in electric industry
part of brain which controls peristalsis. 3. Good insulator
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12. Dust, drugs, pollen grains, certain food items like 4. Used in preparation of shoe and leather polishes
fish, prawn and certain fruits etc., 5. Protective coating of wood.
13. “Skeletal tissue is a haemopoietic tissue” 6.
Used in laminating paper board, photographs,
Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone
engraved materials and plastic moulded articles
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marrow of the ribs, spongy bones of vertebrae and

extremities of long bones. 7. Used as a filling material for gold ornaments.
14. a) At the junction of the sclera and the cornea. SECTION - III
b) Continuously drains out the excess of aqueous
.s
20.a) Hemichordates are those animals which possess

humor.
the characters of invertebrates as well as
SECTION - III
chordates.
15. (A) I a) Museum
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b) Museum b) Hemichordates are half string animals whereas

chordates are string animals
II a) Zoological parks
b) Zoological parks c) (1) worm-like, soft marine animals, mostly
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tuberculous.
B) Ethology of taxonomical tools
16. (2) Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and
coelomate animals with organ System
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No. Receptor organ Location

level of organization.
1. Photoreceptors found on the dorsal
(3) Body is cylindrical divided into anterior
(sense of light) surface of the Body.
proboscis, a short collar and a long Trunk
2. Gustatory and found in the (sense of
olfactory receptors smell) buccal cavity (4) Ciliary feeders.
(Sense of taste) buccal cavity

(5) Circulatory system is simple and open or lacune Phase 4: Ventricular systole (Ventricular ejection)
type with a dorsal heart. 1. Increased Ventricular pressure
(6) Respiration through paired gill slits. 2. Semilunar valves open.
3. Blood is ejected out of the ventricles without
(7)
Excretion is by a single proboscis gland or backflow of blood. This point is the end of
glomerulus situate in the Proboscis. systolic Volume (ESV)
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(8) Examples Balanoglossus, saccoglossus. Phase 5: Ventricular diastole:
(or) 1. Ventricles begins to relax
a) The events that occur at the beginning of heart beat 2. Pressure in the arteries exceeds ventricular
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and lasts until the beginning of next beat is called pressure.
cardiac cycle. 3. Closure of semilunar valves.
b) Events of cardiac cycle 4. The heart returns to phase I
Phase 1: Ventricular diastole: 21. a) Pineal gland is located behind the third ventricle
s.
a) Pressure in the auricles increases of brain.
b) AV values are open b) Melatonin
c) Semilunar valves closed
c) Plays a central role in the regulation of circadian
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d) Blood flows from auricles into ventricles
passively. rhythm of our body and maintains the normal
Phase 2: Atrial systole: sleep wake cycle.
a) The atria contracts (or)
b) Ventricles are relaxed

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c) The contraction of the auricles pushes maximum
1. Oysters are fixed in a desk clamp in the position
of right valve facing upward.
volume of blood to the ventricles until they reach
2. Mantle folds are smoothly touched to expose
ab
the end diastolic volume (EDV)
the foot and the main body mass, Followed by
Phase 3: Ventricular systole (isovolumetric
an incision into the epithelium of the foot and a
Contraction
slender channel into the main mass.
Ventricular contraction forces the AV Valves to close
and increases the pressure inside the ventricles. 3. One graft tissue which functions as a bed for
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the nucleus.
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11th SURA MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1

STD.
Only Bio-Zoology questions are given here, for 35 Marks.
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For Bio-Botany question (for another 35 Marks). Please refer to our Botany guide
Part - I 5. If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian
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nephron, which one of the following is to be
Choose the most suitable answer from the given
four alternatives and write the option code and expected?
the corresponding answer (8 × 1 = 8) (a) There will be no urine formation
1. Identify the correct statements from the below. (b) There will be hardly any change in the quality
and quantity of urine formed
s.
(a) Group of classes with similar distinctive
characteristics. (c) The urine will be more concentrated
(b) These classes share some common features like (d) The urine will be more dilute
notochord.
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6. Identify the odd-man out regarding “Glycoprotein
(c) It is the top most of the taxonomic hierarchy.
hormone”.
(d) Also share common features like dorsal tubular
nerve cord. (a) FSH (b) TSH
(c) ADH (d) LTH
2. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
(a) Humans – Ureotelic
o 7. Choose the wrong statement with regard to a
dendron.
(b) Birds – Uricotelic
ab
(a) Dendrons are branched.
(c) Lizards – Uricotelic
(b) Dendron gives rise to Axon.
(d) Whale – Ammonotelic
(c) Dendron is associated with myelin sheath.
3. The head region of Cockroach ______ pairs of (d) Dendron arises from cell body.
______ and ______ shaped eyes occur.
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8. Assertion : Nuptial flight is a unique flight taken

(a) One pair, sessile compound and kidney shaped the queen bee followed by several drones.
(b) Two pairs, stalked compound and round shaped
Reason : The queen bee produces a chemical
(c) Many pairs, sessile simple and kidney shaped substance called pheromone. The drones in that area
.s
(d) Many pairs, stalked compound and kidney are attracted to the pheromone and then mating takes
shaped place.
4. Match the Following (a) Assertion and reason is correct but not related
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Column I Column II (b) Assertion and reason is incorrect but related

(1) P wave (A) Atrial depolarisation (c) Assertion and reason is correct but related
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(2) PQ interval (B) Long plateau phase (d) Assertion and reason is incorrect but not related
(3) ST segment (C) Ventricular hypertrophy Part - II
(4) QRS Complex (D) AV node delay Answer any four questions. (4 × 2 = 8)
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1 2 3 4 9. Define Species.
a B A D C 10. Why flatworms are called acoelomates?
b A D C B
c A D B C
d A B D C
[252]

Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Sura Model Question Papers253
11. Name the tissue present in the following: 6. (d) LTH

1. Goblet cells Reason: luteotropic hormone (LTH)is the one of
2. Walls of bronchial tubes the tropic hormones. Other are the Glycoprotein
3. Outer ear joints hormone.
4. Blood 7. (c) Dendron is associated with myelin sheath.
12. What is obesity?
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8. (c) Assertion and reason is correct but related
13. Which vessels drain filtered blood from the kidneys?
Part - II
14. Name the following.
9. Species is the basic unit of classification in the
1. The largest bee in the colony.
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taxonomic hierarchial system. It is a group of animals
2. The kind of flight which the new virgin queen having similar morphological features (traits) and is
takes along with the drones out of the hive. reproductively isolated to produce fertile offspring.
Part - III 10. 1. Flatworms are called acoelomate animals. They
s.
Answer any three questions. Question No. 19 is do not possess a body cavity or coelom.
compulsory. (3 × 3 = 9) 2. Since there is no body cavity in these animals
15. What are the salient features of Three domain their body is solid without a perivisceral cavity.
classification?
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This restricts the free movement of internal
16. Distinguish Bone and Cartilage? organs. Eg. Flatworms.
17. Give a schematic diagram of human digestive
11. 1. Goblet cells - Columnar epithelium
system? 2. Walls of bronchial tubes - Elastic connective
18. Distinguish Red muscle fibres and white muscle tissue
fibres.
o 3. Outer ear joints - Cartilage
19. How are earthworms classified based on their 4. Blood - Fluid connective tissue.
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activity?
12. It is caused due to the storage of excess of body
Part - IV
fat in adipose tissue. It may induce hypertension,
Answer all the questions. (2 × 5=10)
atherosclerotic heart disease and diabetes.
20. Write a note on the classical taxonomical tools. 13. The efferent arteriole drains the filtered blood from
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(or) the nephron. All the efferent arterioles from the

Explain the process of digestion in the stomach. nephrons join to form the renal vein. This carries
venous blood and leaves the kidney to join the
21. Explain the mechanism of hearing.
inferior vena cava.
.s
(or)
14. 1. Queen bee
Write a note on disorders caused due to malfucationing
2. Nuptial flight
of thyroid gland.
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Part - III
ANSWERS
15. 1. Carl woese and his coworkers classified
Part - I organisms based on the difference in 16s rRNA
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genes.
1. (c) It is the top most of the taxonomic hierarchy 2. This system adds the taxon ‘domain’ higher than
2. (d) Whale – Ammonotelic
the kingdom.
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3. (a) One pair, sessile compound and kidney shaped

3. Prokaryotes are separated into two domains -
4. (c) 1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C
Bacteria and Archaea and all the Eukaryotes are
5. (d) The urine will be more dilute placed in the domain Eukarya.

254 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Sura Model Question Papers
16. 3. The second group, the humus feeders, are

burrowing worms that are useful in making the
No Bone Cartilage
soil porous, and mixing and distributing humus
1. It is hard and It is comparatively soft through out the soil.
inflexible. and flexible.
Part - IV
2. Bone cells called Cells called chondrocytes
20. a. The classical taxonomical tools :
m
osteocytes are present are enclosed in small
1. Taxonomical Keys: Keys are based on
in spaces called cavities within the matrix
comparative analysis of the similarities and
Lacunae. secreted by them.
dissimilarities of organisms. There are separate
co
3. Marrow is present. Marrow is absent. keys for different taxonomic categories.
17. Salivary 2. Museum: Biological museums have collection
Mouth glands
of preserved plants and animals for study and
ready reference. Specimens of both extinct and
s.
Oesophagus
living organisms can be studied.
Gall bladder 3. Zoological parks: These are places where wild
Stomach animals are kept in protected environments under
ok
Liver
human care which enables us to study their food
Small
intestine habits and behaviour.
Large 4. Marine parks: Marine organisms are maintained
intestilne
Pancreas in protected enviroments.
Rectum 5. Printed taxonomical tools consist of
Anus
o identification cards, description, field guides
and manuals.
ab
Schematic diagram of
the human digestive system (or)
18. b. Digestion in the stomach:
S. Red muscle White muscle 1. Food remains in the stomach for 4 to 5 hours,
No. fibres fibres the rhythmic peristaltic movement churns and
ur
1. They are dark They are whitish mixes the food with gastric juice and make it
red in colour since they have less into a creamy liquid called chyme.
due to presence myoglobin. 2. The gastric secretion is partly controlled by
.s
of abundant autonomic reflexes.

myoglobin. 3. The secretion of gastric juice begins when the
2. Mitochondria are Mitochondria are food is in the mouth.
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more in number less in number but 4. The gastric juice contains HCl and proenzymes.
but they have less they have more The proenzyme pepsinogen, on exposure to HCl
Sarcoplasmic of Sarcoplasmic gets converted into the active enzyme pepsin
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reticulum. reticulum. which converts proteins into proteoses and

3. They depend on They depend on peptones (peptides).
aerobic process for anaerobic process 5. The HCl provides an acidic medium (pH1.8)
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energy. for energy. which is optimum for pepsin, kills bacteria and
other harmful organisms and avoids putrifaction.
19. 1. Earthworms are divided into two major groups. 6. The mucus and bicarbonates present in the gastric
2. The first group, the humus formers, dwell on juice play an important role in lubrication and
the surface and feed on organic matter. They are protection of the mucosal epithelium from the
generally darker in colour. eroding nature of the highly acidic HCl.
These worms are used for vermicomposting.

5. These movements of the hair alternately open

Oesophagus
and close the mechanically gated ion channels
Cardiac
Epithelium
sphincter Stomach in the base of hair cells and the action potential
is propagated to the brain as sound sensation
Pyloric through cochlear nerve.
sphincter
m
Gastric
Small rugae (or)
intestine
b. Cretinism :
1. In infants, hypothyroidism causes cretinism.
The stomach and gastric secretions
co
2. A certain shows retarded skeletal growth, absence
7. Another proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of sexual maturity, retarded mental ability,
of infants is rennin helps in the digestion of milk thick wrinkled skin, protruded enlarged tongue,
protein, caseinogen to casein in the presence of bloated face, thick and short limbs occurs.
calcium ions. This enzyme secretion gradually 3. The other symptoms are low BMR, slow pulse
s.
reduces with aging. rate, subnormal body temperature and elevated
21. a. Mechanism of hearing : blood cholesterol levels.
Myxodema :
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Auditory
nevers
Stapes
Incus
Oval
window
1. Hyposecretion of thyroid in adults causes
Malleus
myxodema. It is otherwise called Gull’s disease.
2. This disease is characterised by decreased mental
Tympanum
Perilymph
Organ of Corti
activity, memory loss, slowness of movement,
Air
Air
Endolymph
o
Tectorial
membrane
speech, and general weakness of body, dry coarse
skin, scarce hair, puffy appearance, disturbed
Ear canal
Round window
ab
Eustachian tube
Middle ear Inner ear

sexual function, low BMR, poor appetite, and
subnormal body temperature.
Path of Sound wave
Grave’s disease :
1. Sound waves entering the external auditory
meatus fall on the tympanic membrane. This 1. Grave’s disease also called as thyrotoxicosis or
ur
causes the ear drum to vibrate. exophthalmic goitre. This disease is caused due
2. These vibrations are transmitted to the oval to hyper secretion of thyroid.
window through the three auditory ossicles. 2. It is characterised by enlargement of thyroid
gland, increased BMR (50% - 100%), elevated
.s
3. Since the tympanic membrane is 17-20 times

larger than the oval window, the pressure exerted respiratory and excretory rates, increased heart
on the oval window is about 20 times more than beat, high BP, increased body temperature,
protrusion of eyeball and weakness of eye
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that on the tympanic membrane. This increased

pressure generates pressure waves in the fluid of muscles and weight loss.
perilymph. Simple goitre :
4. This pressure causes the round window to
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1. Simple goitre is also known as Endemic goitre.

alternately bulge outward and inward meanwhile It is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine.
the basilar membrane along with the organ of 2. The symptoms includes enlargement of thyroid
Corti move up and down.
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gland, fall in serum thyroxine level, increased

TSH secretion.


11th SURA MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2

STD.
Part - I 5. Identify the odd-man out regarding “Refractive
m
Note : (i) Answer all the questions: (8 × 1 =8) errors of eye”.
(ii) Each question carries 1 mark. (a) presbopia (b) macula lutea
(c) cataract (d) myopia
Choose the most suitable answer from the given
co
four alternatives and write the option code and
6. Identify the parts marked as A and B for the below
the corresponding answer.
diagram.
1. Match the following columns and select the correct A B
A B B A
option. (a) Muscle Perimysium
s.
Column – I Column – II (b) Tendon Muscle
(p) Pila (i) Devil fish (c) Muscle fibre Tendon
(q) Dentalium (ii) Chiton (d) Tendon Muscle
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(r) Chaetopleura (iii) Apple snail 7. Assertion : Nuptial flight is a unique flight taken
(s) Octopus (iv) Tusk shell the queen bee followed by several drones.
(a) p – (ii), q – (i), r – (iii), s – (iv) Reason : The queen bee produces a chemical
(b) p – (iii), q – (iv), r – (ii), s – (i) substance called pheromone. The drones in that area
o
(c) p – (ii), q – (iv), r – (i), s – (iii) are attracted to the pheromone and then mating takes
(d) p – (i), q – (ii), r – (iii), s – (iv) place.
ab
(a) Assertion and reason is correct but not related
2. The head region of Cockroach ______ pairs of
(b) Assertion and reason is incorrect but related
______ and ______ shaped eyes occur.
(c) Assertion and reason is correct but related
(a) One pair, sessile compound and kidney shaped
(d) Assertion and reason is incorrect but not related
(b) Two pairs, stalked compound and round shaped
ur
(c) Many pairs, sessile simple and kidney shaped 8. Choose the correct statement.
If the vasopressin receptor of a man is defective.
(d) Many pairs, stalked compound and kidney
Then.
shaped
.s
(a) He suffer from low blood pressure and

3. Identify the Correct pair from the below. dehydration.
(a) Haemoglobin - 68,000 molecular weight (b) Shows hyperglycemic condition.
(b) Smoking - Heart disease (c) Excessive thirst does not occurs.
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(c) Tuberculosis - Lung cancer (d) The urea level in the urine is higher than the
(d) Mycobacterium - 80% of the lung cancer normal.
Tuberculae
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Part - II
Answer any four questions. (4 × 2 =8)
(I) Left kidney is lower than the right kidney.
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(II) Each kidney has around 1.0 million nephrons. 9. Do Phylum Mollusca have radula?
(III) Large intestine is acting as an accessory 10. Name the functions of epithelial tissue?
excretory organ. 11. What is oral rehydration therapy?
(IV) Renal corpuscle is not responsible for filtration. 12. Why are aquatic animals mostly ammonotelic in
(a) I and IV only (b) II and III only nature?
(c) I and III only (d) II and IV only
[256]

13. Why is the effect of steroid hormones long lived? Part - II

14. Name the four types of silk produced in our country? 9. In phylum Mollusca the digestive system is complete
and mouth contains a rasping organ called radula
Part - III
with transverse rows of chitinous teeth for feeding.
Write any three of the following in which question
10. The functions of epithelium includes protection,
No: 19 is compulsory. (3 × 3 =9)
m
absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion and
15. Write three salient features of Cephalochordates. sensory reception.
16. Distinguish Bone and Cartilage. 11. Treatment for diarrhoea is known as oral hydration
co
17. What is Dental formula? therapy. This involves drinking plenty of
18. What type of circulatory system is found in fluids-sipping small amounts of water at a time to
amphibians? rehydrate the body.
19. Write the advantages of vermicomposting. 12. The Ammonotelic animals produce ammonia
s.
as nitrogenous waste product during excretion.
Part - IV Ammonia dissolves in water easily and hence this
Answer all the questions (2×5=10) type of excretion is common in aquatic animals.
ok
20. What distinguishes mammals from other animals? 13. The effect of steroid hormones such as aldosterone,
(or) oestrogen, FSH are long lived, as they alter the
Compare the events in inspiration and expiration. amount of mRNA and protein in a cell.
21. Write a note on the structure of contractile protein.

o 14. 1. Mulberry Silk
2. Tasar Silk
(or)
Explain the advantages of aquaponic gardening? 3. Eri Silk
ab
4. Muga Silk
ANSWERS Part - III

15. 1. They are small fish like coelomate forms with
ur
Part - I chordate characters like notochord, dorsal

1. (b) p – (iii), q – (iv), r – (ii), s – (i) tubular nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits
throughout their life.
2. (a) One pair, sessile compound and kidney shaped
2. Closed type of circulatory system is seen without
.s
3. (a) Haemoglobin - 68,000 molecular weight heart.

4. (d) II and III only 3. Excretion is by protonephridia. Eg: Amphioxus.
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5. (b) macula lutea 16.

S.No Bone Cartilage
Reason: The yellow flat spot at the centre of the
posterior region of the retina is called macula lutea . 1. It is hard and It is comparatively
w
Others are the Refractive errors of eye. inflexible. soft and flexible.
2. Bone cells called Cells called
6. (d) A - Tendon, B - Muscle osteocytes are chondrocytes are
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7. (c) Assertion and reason is correct but related present in spaces enclosed in small
called Lacunae. cavities within the
8. (d) The urea level in the urine is higher than the
matrix secreted by
normal
them.
3. Marrow is present. Marrow is absent.

258 Sura’s  XI Std - Bio - Zoology - Sura Model Question Papers
17. 1. Dental formula of human beings - 2123 / 2123. 6. Mature RBCs are circular, biconcave and non
2. Arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper nucleated. Mammals have a large brain when
and lower jaw in the order of I, C, PM and M are compared to other animals. They show greatest
represented by a dental formula. intelligence among all animals.
3. I - Incisors, C - Canines, PM - Pre molars, 7. Their kidneys are metanephric and are ureotelic.
All are homeothermic, sexes are separate and
m
M - Molars
18. 1. Amphibians have two auricles and one fertilization is internal.
ventricle and no inter ventricular septum Eg: Oviparous- Ornithorhynchus (Platypus),
whereas reptiles except crocodiles have two Viviparous- Macropus (Kangaroo).
co
auricles and one ventricle and an incomplete (or)
inter ventricular septum.
2. Thus mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated Inspiration Expiration
blood takes place in the ventricles. Respiratory centre Respiratory centre
s.
3. This type of circulation is called incomplete initiates the stimuli terminates the stimuli
double circulation. during inspiration. during expiration.
19. Advantages of Vermicomposting :
↓ ↓
ok
1. Vermicompost is rich in essential plant nutrients.
Impulses are carried to The diaphragm and
2. It improves soil structure texture, aeration, and the inspiratory muscles inspiratory muscles
water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion. through nerves. relax.
3. Vermicompost is a rich in nutrients and an
↓ ↓
o
eco-friendly amendment to soil for farming and
terrace gardening. Diaphragm and Chest wall contracts
ab
4. It enhances seed germination and ensures good inspiratory muscles and the thoracic volume
plant growth. contract. gets reduced.
Part - IV ↓ ↓
20. Salient features of Mammals: The thoracic volume The intra pulmonary
ur
1. Their body is covered by hair, a unique feature increases as the chest pressure is reduced.
of mammals. Some of them are adapted to fly or wall expands.
live in water. ↓
2. Presence of mammary glands is the most unique
↓
.s
feature of mammals. The intra pulmonary The alveolar pressure

pressure is reduced. increases than the
3. They have two pairs of limbs adapted for walking,
atmospheric pressure.
running, climbing, burrowing, swimming and ↓
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flying. ↓
4. Their skin is glandular in nature, consisting of The alveolar pressure Air is sent out due
sweat glands, scent glands and sebaceous glands. increases than the to the contraction of
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Exoskeleton includes horny epidermal horns, atmospheric pressure. alveoli.

spines, scales, claws, nails, hooves and bony
dermal plates. ↓ ↓
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5. Teeth are thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont. Air flows into the Air flows into the
External ears or pinnae are present. The heart is alveoli until the alveoli until the
four chambered and possess a left systematic alveolar pressure alveolar pressure
arch. equalizes the equalizes the
atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure
and the alveoli get and the alveoli get
inflated. inflated.

21. 1. Contraction of the muscle depends on the Advantages of Aquaponic gardening:

presence of contractile proteins such as actin 1. Water conservation: No need of water discharge
and myosin. and recharge as the water is maintained by
2. The thick filament of muscle fibres are composed recycling process.
of the protein myosin. The thin filaments are 2. Soil: Bottom soil may be loaded with freshwater.
formed of three types of proteins called actin,
m
Microbes in water can convert the waste
tropomyosin and troponin. These four proteins materials into usable forms like ammonia into
are know as contractile proteins. nitrates which are used by the plants. Thus the
Thick myofilament: soil fertility is maintained
co
3. Each myosin filament is made up of a monomer 3. Pesticides: In this system use of pesticides is
called meromyosin which has two regions, avoided and hence it is eco-friendly.
a globular head, a short arm called heavy 4. Weeds: Since the plants are cultured in confined
meromyosin (HMM) and a tail called light conditions, growth of weeds is completely
s.
meromyosin (LMM). absent. The utilization of nutrient by plants is
The globular head is an ATPase enzyme which high in this method
has binding sites for ATP and actin - binding site. 5. Artificial food for fishes: In this system plant
ok
Thin myofilament: waste and decays are utilized by fishes as food.
4. It is composed of two interwined actin molecules. So, the need for the use of supplementary feed
Actin has polypeptide subunits called G-actin can be minimized.
(globular actin) and F - actin (Filamentous actin).
o 6. Fertilizer usage: Artificial or chemical fertilizers
F- actin is an polymer of monomeric G-Actin is not required for this system since the plants in
the aquaponics utilize the nutrients from the fish
and also has a myosin - binding site.
wastes dissolved in water
ab
5. The thin filaments also contain several regulatory
Cultivable fishes like tilapia, trout, koi, gold fish,
proteins like tropomyosin and troponin which
bass etc., are cultured in aquaponics. Common
help in regulating muscles constraction.
cultivable plants like tomato, pepper, lettuce,
(or) cucumber, and rose are co-cultivated in this
ur
method.
.s

w
w
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STD.
Time Allowed : 2.30 hours Zoology Maximum Marks : 70
m
Instructions: i.
Check the question paper for 4. Choose the wrong statement
fairness of printing. a) Cardiac muscles of the heart is striated and has
Use Blue or Black ink to write
ii. intercalated discs
and underline and pencil to draw b) Neuroglia makes up more than one half of the
co
diagrams: volume of neural tissue in our body
c) Adipose is a type of dense connective tissue
SECTION - I located beneath the heart
Note: i. Answer all the questions. (15 × 1 = 15) d) Compound epithelium has a limited role in
s.
ii. Each question carries 1 mark. secretion and absorption
Choose the most suitable answer from the given 5. Choose the wrongly matched pair
four alternatives and write the option code and the a) Malpighian tubules - Excretion
ok
corresponding answer (or) Write the answers. b) Crop - Grinding food
1. Match Column I with Column II and Choose the c) Antennae - Sensory receptors
correct option. d) Metathorax wings - Helps in flight
Column I Column II
6. Name the major cell type found in dense connective
1. Pila -
o
i) Devil fish tissue.
2. Dentalium - ii) Chiton
ab
3. Chaetopleura - iii) Apple snail 7. Which one of the following structures in Lampito
4. Octopus - iv) Tusk shell mauritii is correctly matched with its function
a) 1 – ii, 2 – iv, 3 – iii, 4 – i a) Typhlosole - Storage of nutrients
b) 1 – iii, 2 – iv, 3 – ii, 4 – i b) Gizzard - Aids in absorption
c) Setae - Defense against pathogens
ur
c) 1 – iv, 2 – iii, 3 – ii, 4 – i

d) 1 – iv, 2 – ii, 3 – i, 4 – iii d) Clitellum - Secretes cocoon
2. Read the given statement and choose the correct 8. Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that
option. a) Fishes were amphibious in the past
.s
Statement 1 :All triploblastic animals are b) Fishes evolved from frog like ancestors
eucoelomates c) Adult frogs will possess gills in the future
Statement 2 : They have a false coelom. d) Frogs evolved from gilled ancestors
w
a) Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

9. Match Column I with Column II and choose the
b) Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct correct option
c) Statements 1 and 2 are correct
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Column I Column II
d) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 incorrect
1. Parietal cells - i. mucus
3. Select the correctly matched pair 2. Goblet cells - ii. wall of the small
intestine
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a) Squamous epithelium – Digestive tract

b) Cuboidal epithelium – K idney 3. Crypts of Leiberkuhn - iii. HCl
glomeruli 4. Chief cells - iv. Walls of the large
c) Columnar epithelium – Kidney tubules intestine
d) Ciliated columnar epithelium – Fallopian tube v. Gastric enzymes
[260]

Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Govt. Model Question Paper261
a) 1 – (v), 2 – (i), 3 – (ii), 4 – (iii) 19. How are pigeons adapted for aerial mode of life?
b) 1 – (iii), 2 – (v), 3 – (i), 4 – (ii)
20. Name the segments of the walking legs of cockroach.
c) 1 – (iv), 2 – (i), 3 – (v), 4 – (iii)
d) 1 – (iv), 2 – (iii), 3 – (i), 4 – (v) 21. List the possible reasons for peptic ulcer. How can it
be prevented?
10. Your friend comes to the school after taking two
m
days leave saying that he is not feeling well. His eyes 22. Why are villi present in the small intestine and not
and nails are slightly yellow. These symptoms are in the stomach?
related to
23. How does the entry of food particle into trachea is
co
a) Jaundice b) Emphysema
prevented when swallowing?
c) Peptic ulcer d) Pneumonia
24. What is chloride shift and why does it occur?
11. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:
a) Bile juice emulsifies the fat. SECTION – III
s.
b) Chyme is the digested acidic food in the stomach.
c) Pancreatic lipase converts lipid into fatty acid
Answer any six of the following. Question No. 30 is
and glycerol. compulsory. (6 × 3 = 18)
Each question carries 3 marks. Answer in about 45
ok
d) Enterokinase stimulates the secretion of
pancreatic juice. words.
12. Trypsinogen Name the enzyme ? Trypsin. 25. Differentiate schizocoelom from enterocoelom.
13. Which of the following factors is not favourable for 26. Write about the excretory organs in Arthropods.
the formation of oxyhaemoglobin?
o
a) High pO2 27. What happens during nitrogen narcosis?
ab
b) Low temperature 28. Define vermitech.
c) Less H+ concentrations
29. Comment on the functions of alary muscles in
d) High pCO2
cockroach?
14. Blood group is determined by the presence
ur
of________. 30. Observe the animal given below and answer the
following questions.
a) Antigens on the surface of WBC
b) Antibodies on the surface of RBC
.s
c) Antigens on the surface of RBC

d) Antibodies on the surface of WBC
15. Organism which live in saline condition_______.
w
a. Identify the animal

SECTION – II b. What type of symmetry does this animal exhibit?
c. Is this animal Cephalized?
Answer any six of the following. Question No. 21 is
w
d. How many germ layers does this animal have?

compulsory. (6 × 2 = 12)
e. How many openings does this animal’s digestive
Each question carries 2 marks. Answer in about 30 system have?
words. f. Does this animal have neurons?
w
16. Differentiate probiotic from pathogenic bacteria.

31. Comment on the squamous epithelial cells lining the
17. Brief about Metagenesis in Cnidarians? walls of the alveoli.
18. Tissues are called the living fabrics of an organisms 32. a. Name the components of the formed elements in
– Elucidate the blood.
b. Mention one major functions of each one of them.

262 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Govt. Model Question Paper
33. Label A,B,C,D,E and F in the given diagram. (or)

(B) The respiratory system includes the respiratory
tract, the respiratory organs and air sacs.
i) What type respiration is seen in pigeon?
A
E ii) How many air sacs are present in pigeon. Name
m
B them?
iii) What are the functions of air sacs?
D C
37. A)
co
i) Classify epithelial tissues.
Liver and Pancreas
SECTION - IV ii) Why pseudostratified epithelium is called so?
Answer all the questions (5 × 5 = 25) Give reasons.
iii) Write the importance of microvilli and goblet
34.(A)
s.
cells.
i) Who proposed the three domain classification?
ii) On which basis three domain classification was (or)
classified? (B) Explain the difference between the Bohr effect
ok
iii) How does domain Archae differ from the domain and Haldane effects?
Eukarya.
iv) What type of ribosome is seen in domain bacteria 38. A)
and domain eukarya? i) List out the economic importance of frogs.
v) How are the animals in domain eukarya ii) Explain the role of spiral valve in truncus
classified?
o arteriosus of frog.
iii) How will you identify the male frog during
ab
(or)
breeding season.
(B) i) List the features that all vertebrates show at (or)
some part in their development.
ii) Write the chordate characters that are retained in B) i) What are the functions of liver in the human
adult tunicates. body.
ur
iii) How do frogs respire during Aestivation and ii) Write short notes on any two fat soluble vitamins
hibernation? and add a note on their deficiency symptoms.
35.(A)
.s
i) Write the ill-effects caused due to smoking.

ii) Name the substance in tobacco that causes
ANSWERS
addiction and add a note on its effects.
w
iii) What is meant by COPD? SECTION - I

(or) 1. b) 1 – iii, 2 – iv, 3 – ii, 4 – i
w
(B) i) Differentiate between Blood and Lymph. 2. a) Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
ii) Schematically represent blood coagulation in an 3. d) Ciliated columnar epithelium – Fallopian tube
injured blood vessel. 4. c) Adipose is a type of dense connective tissue
w
36.(A) located beneath the heart

i) Brief about the respiratory system of cockroach? 5. b) Crop - Grinding food
ii) Why is it said to be more efficient than that of 6. Fibroblast
earthworm.
7. d) Clitellum - Secretes cocoon
iii) Write a flow chart depicting the passage of air in
cockroach? 8. d) Frogs evolved from gilled ancestors
9. Correct Answer is 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-v

10. a) Jaundice hind limbs, while the bird is at rest or walking; the
11. d)
Enterokinase stimulates the secretion of hind limbs are therefore attached anteriorly from the
pancreatic juice. trunk to balance the body and support the weight of
12. Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, the body at rest.
secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin, 20. 1. Each thoracic segment bears a pair of walking
m
which in turn activates the enzyme chymotrypsinogen legs.
in the pancreatic juice. 2. Due to the presence of three pairs of walking legs
13. d) High pCO2 it is also called hexapoda (hexa-six, poda-feet)
co
All the three pairs of walking legs are similar and
14. c) Antigens on the surface of RBC
each leg consists of five segments – coxa (large),
15. Halophiles trochanter (small), femur (long and broad), tibia
SECTION - II (long and thick) and tarsus.
3. The last segment of the leg - tarsus has five
s.
16.
movable joints or podomeres or tarsomeres.
Probiotic
No. Pathogenic bacteria 21. Ulcer is mostly due to infections caused by the
bacteria
bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It may also be caused
ok
1. Beneficial Disease Causing
bacteria. bacteria. due to uncontrolled usage of aspirin or certain
antiinflammatory drugs. Ulcer may also be caused
2. Convert Milk into Causes Disease in
Curd plants & animals due to smoking, alcohol, caffeine and psychological
stress.
3 Eg: Vibrio Eg: Lactobacillus
cholerae (cholera)
o Prevention of peptic ulcer:
1. Quit smoke.
ab
17. Some Cnidarians exhibit two phases in their life 2. Do not drink much alcohol.
cycle. Asexual phase called polyp and sexual phase 3.
Do not overuse aspirin or Certain anti
called medusa. They thus show alternation of inflammatory drugs.
generation or metagenesis.
22. 1. he villi are the units of absorption consisting
T
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18. Tissues are organized in specific proportions and of the lacteal duct in the middle surrounded by
patterns to form organs like lungs, heart, stomach, a fine network of blood capillaries.
kidneys, ovaries, testes etc; hence the tissues are 2. Digestion is completed in the small intestine and
called the ‘living fabrics’. maximum absorption takes place in the small
.s
19. 1. The tail is used as a rudder in flight. Fore limbs intestine only.
are modified into wings. 3. Hence, the villi are found only in small intestine.
2. The wings have three typical regions, the upper arm A very small amount of substance is absorbed
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(brachium), lower arm (ante-brachium) and the hand from the stomach.
(manus). 23. Epiglottis – a thin elastic cartilaginous flap which
3. Three clawless and imperfectly marked digits are covers the glottis and prevents the entry of food into
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present on each hand.While at rest, each forelimb the larynx.

is folded in the form of ‘Z’; during flight they are 24. Chloride shift is a process which occurs in a
extended. cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of
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4. With the modification of the forelimbs for flight, bicarbonate (HCO3–) and chloride (Cl–) across the
the whole weight of the body is supported by the membrane.

SECTION - III 29. 1. I n cockroach the heart consists of 13 chambers

25. Based on the mode of formation of coelom, the with ostia on either side.
eucoelomates are classified into two types, 2. The blood from the sinuses enters the heart
through the ostia and is pumped anteriorly to
Schizocoelomate Enterocoelomate sinuses again.
animals animals
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3. The triangular muscles that are responsible for
In these animals In these animals the blood circulation in the cockroach are called
the body cavity is body cavity is formed alary muscles (13 pairs).
formed by splitting of from the mesodermal
4. One pair of these muscles is found in each
co
mesoderm. pouches of archenteron.
Eg: Annelids, Eg: Echinoderms, segment on either side of the heart.
Arthropods, Molluscs. hemichordates and 30. a. Sea Anemone
chordates. b. Bilateral symmetry
26. Phylum: Arthropoda c. No.
s.
(G. arthros- jointed; podes- feet) d. Diploblastic - Two germ layers with outer
1. This is the largest phylum of the Kingdom ectoderm, inner endoderm and Jelly like
mesoglea in between the two layers.
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Animalia and includes the largest class called
Insecta (total species ranges from 2-10 million). e. The coelenteron or central vascular cavity which
2. Excretion takes place through malpighian serves for digestion opens out by a single opening
tubules, green glands, coxal glands, etc. called mouth.
3. They are mostly dioecious and oviparous; f. No. Neurons are absent.
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fertilization is usually internal. 31. 1. The diffusion membrane of alveolus is made up
27. 1. The increased pressure can also drive nitrogen of three layers – the thin squamous epithelial
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gas into the circulation. cells of the alveoli, the endothelium of the
2. This increase in blood nitrogen content can lead alveolar capillaries and the basement substance
to a condition called nitrogen narcosis. found in between them.
3. When the diver ascends to the surface too quickly 2. The thin squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli
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a condition called ‘bends’ or decompression are composed of Type I and Type II cells.
sickness occurs and nitrogen comes out of 3. Type I cells are very thin so that gases can diffuse
solution while still in the blood forming bubbles. rapidly through them.
4. Small bubbles in the blood are not harmful, but 4. Type II cells are thicker, synthesize and secrete
.s
large bubbles can lodge in small capillaries, a substance called surfactant.

blocking blood flow or can press on nerve 32a. Red blood cells/corpuscles (erythrocytes), white
endings.
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blood cells/corpuscles (Leucocytes) and platelets are

5. Decompression sickness is associated with pain collectively called formed elements.
in joints and muscles and neurological problems b. The red colour of the RBC is due to the presence of
including stroke.
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a respiratory pigment, haemoglobin dissolved in the

6. The risk of nitrogen narcosis and bends is cytoplasm.
common in scuba divers. 1. Haemoglobin plays an important role in the
7. During carbon–dioxide poisoning, the demand
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transport of respiratory gases and facilitates

for oxygen increases. the exchange of gases with the fluid outside the
8. As the O2 level in the blood decreases it leads to cell.
suffocation and the skin turns bluish black. 2. White blood cells (leucocytes) are colourless,
28. Vermiculture, vermicomposting, vermiwash and amoeboid, nucleated cells devoid of
wormery are inter-linked and interdependent haemoglobin and other pigments.
processes, collectively referred as Vermitech.

3. WBCs are divided into two types, granulocytes (iii) All the eukaryotes are placed into the domain
and agranulocytes. Granulocytes are Eukarya. Archaea appears to have more in common
characterised by the presence of granules in the with the Eukarya than the Bacteria. Archaea
cytoplasm and are differentiated in the bone differ from bacteria in cell wall composition and
marrow. The granulocytes include neutrophils, differs from bacteria and eukaryotes in membrane
eosinophils and basophils. composition and rRNA types.
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Neutrophils: They are phagocytic in nature and Domain Archaea:
appear in large numbers in and around the infected This domain includes single celled organisms,
tissues.
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the prokaryotes which have the ability to grow
Eosinophils: Eosinophils increase during in extreme conditions like volcano vents, hot
certain types of parasitic infections and allergic springs and polar ice caps, hence are also called
reactions. extremophiles. They are capable of synthesizing
Basophils: They are also involved in their food without sunlight and oxygen by utilizing
s.
inflammatory reactions. hydrogen sulphide and other chemicals from the
Agranulocytes: B cells produce antibodies to volcanic vents. Some of the them produced methane
neutralize the harmful effects of (methanogens), few live in salty environments
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foreign substances and T cells (Halophiles) and are thermoacidophiles which thrive
are involved in cell mediated in acidic environments and at high temperatures.
immunity. Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes):
Monocytes: The macrophages of the
o Eukaryotes are animals which have true nucleus and
central nervous system are the membrane bound organelles. DNA in the nucleus
‘microglia’, in the sinusoids of is arranged as a linear chromosome with histone
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the liver they are called ‘Kupffer proteins, ribsosomes of 80S type in the cytosol and
cells’ and in the pulmonary 70S type in the chloroplast and mitochondria.
region they are the ‘alveolar
(iv) Domain Bacteria:
macrophages’.
Platelets: They secrete substances involved Bacteria are prokaryotic, their cells have no definite
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in coagulation or clotting of nucleus and DNA exists as a circular chromosomes

blood. and do not have histones associated with it. They do
not possess membrane bound organelles except for
33. A. Common hepatic duct
ribosome (70S type).
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B. Common bile duct

(v) Animals in this domain are classified under
C. Pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung)
kingdoms, namely, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
D. Sphincter of Oddi Animalia.
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E. Cystic duct. (or)

SECTION - IV 34(B)
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34 (A) (i) Vertebrates posses notochord during embryonic

stage only. The notochord is replaced by a
(i) Three domain classification was proposed by Carl
cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult.
Woese (1977) and his coworkers.
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(ii) 1. The larval stage of the tunicate possesses all the

(ii) They classified organisms based on the difference
features characteristic of chordates, a notochord,
in 16S rRNA genes. The three domain system adds a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and
the taxon ‘domain’ higher than the kingdom. This a post anal tail.
system emphasizes the separation of prokaryotes 2. In the adult stage the notochord, nerve cord and
into two domains, Bacteria and Arachaea. tail disappear.

(iii) During activation and hibernation gaseous 35(B)

exchange takes place through skin. (i)
35 (A) No. Blood Lymph
(i) Smoking 1. Coloured fluid. Colourless fluid.
Causes cancer of the stomach, pancreas and bladder
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2. Part of the Part of the lymphatic
and lowers sperm count in men. Smoking can cause circulatory system system
lung diseases by damaging the airways and alveoli
3. It is associated with Helps in body defense
and results in emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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the circulation of and is a part of the
(ii) 1. Smoking is inhaling the smoke from burning oxygen and carbon immune system.
tobacco. dioxide, nutrients
2. There are thousands of known chemicals hormones, waste
which includes nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, products etc.
s.
ammonia, sulphur– dioxide and even small 4. It contains plasma, It contains plasma and a
quantities of arsenic. Carbon monoxide and RBCs, WBCs, and lesser number of WBCs
nicotine damage the cardiovascular system and platelets. and platelets.
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tar damages the gaseous exchange system. 5. Carries more amount Carries less amount
oxygen and digested oxygen and digested
3. Nicotine is the chemical that causes addiction
food. food.
and is a stimulant which makes the heart beat
faster and the narrowing of blood vessels results 6. Blood plasma Lymph plasma lacks
in raised blood pressure and coronary heart consists of proteins, proteins.
diseases.
o calcium, and
phosphorus.
4. Presence of carbon monoxide reduces oxygen
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7. Transports nutrients Transports nutrients
supply. and oxygen from from the tissue cells
5. Lung cancer, cancer of the mouth and larynx is one organ to another. to the blood, through
more common in smokers than non–smokers. lymphatic vessels.
Smoking also causes cancer of the stomach. 8. The flow of blood in The flow of lymph is
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(iii) 1. Smoking can cause lung diseases by damaging the blood vessels is slow.
the airways and alveoli and results in fast.
emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 9. Clots quickly due Clots slowly due to
to the presence of the presence of less
.s
2. These two diseases along with asthma are often

more amount of fibrinogen.
referred as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
fibrinogen.
Disease (COPD).
10. The movement of The movement of
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3. When a person smokes, nearly 85% of the smoke

Blood is in a circular lymph is in a single
released is inhaled by the smoker himself and motion. direction.
others in the vicinity, called passive smokers,
are also affected.
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4. Guidance or counselling should be done in such

users to withdraw this habit.
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(or)

(ii) (iii) The passage of air in the tracheal system is:

STIMULUS SPIRACLES TRACHEA
TISSUES TRACHEOLES
Tissue damage (or)
36(B)
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Muscle spasm, (i) 1. In birds the type of respiration is pulmonary.
platelet plug
formation 2. The respiratory system includes the respiratory
tract, the respiratory organs and air sacs.
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INTRINSIC CLOTTING MECHANISM 3. A true muscular diaphragm is absent in birds. The
respiratory tract includes the nares, nasal sacs,
Fibrin threads at the
Production of prothrombin
activator substance
damaged site, traps blood glottis, larynx, trachea and syrinx.
cells and platelets.
4. The respiratory organs are the lungs and air
s.
sacs. The larynx opens into the trachea and is
Prothrombin converted to Fibrinogen forms supported by a series of closely set rings.
thrombin threads of fibrin
5. The trachea divides into two bronchi, each of
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Thrombin acts which divides and sub-divides into smaller
enzymatically on branches, ultimately ending in fine air-capillaries
fibrinogen
which lies intermingled with the capillaries of the
36 (A) o pulmonary vessels.
(i) 1. The respiratory system of cockroach is well 6. Lungs are solid spongy organs; attached dorsally
developed compared with other terrestrial to the ribs.
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insects. (ii) There are nine air-sacs: a pair of
2. Branched tubes known as trachea open through 1. Cervical sacs - 2
10 pairs of small holes called spiracles or 2. Interclavicular air sac - 1
stigmata, present on the lateral side of the body. 3. Extraclavicular air sac - 1
3. Terminal branches of tracheal tubes are called
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4. Clavicular air sac - 1

tracheoles which carry oxygen to the entire body.
5. Thoracic air - 2
4. The spiracles open and close by valves regulated 6. Abdominal air sacs - 2
by sphincter or spiracular muscles.
(iii) Cervical sacs at the base of the neck one on each
.s
5. Each tracheole is filled with a watery fluid

side; a single median interclavicular air sac
through which exchange of gases takes place.
connected with both lungs and situated in between
6. During high muscular activity, a part of the fluid
the two limbs of the furcula and on either sides it
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is drawn into the tissues to enable more oxygen

gives off an extraclavicular air sac communicating
intake and rapid diffusion.
with an air - cavity of the humerus and a clavicular
(ii) 1. Branched tubes known as trachea open air sac; two pairs of thoracic air sacs and a pair of
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through 10 pairs of small holes called spiracles abdominal air sacs.

or stigmata, present on the lateral side of the
37 (A)
body.
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(i) 1. Based on the structural modification of the

2. Terminal branches of tracheal tubes are called
cells, the epithelial tissues are classified into
tracheoles which carry oxygen to the entire body.
simple epithelium and compound epithelium
3. The spiracles open and close by valves regulated
or stratified epithelium.
by sphincter or spiracular muscles.
2. Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer
4. Each tracheole is filled with a watery fluid
of cells.
through which exchange of gases takes place.

3. They are found in the organs of absorption, 37(B)

secretion and filtration. 1. Increase in PCO2 and decrease in pH decrease
4. Simple epithelial tissue is further classified into the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen and shifts
squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the
columnar epithelium, ciliated epithelium and right and facilitates unloading of oxygen from
pseudostratified epithelium. hemoglobin in the tissue.
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5. The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin 2. This effect of pCO2 and pH on the oxyhaemoglobin
layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. dissociation curve is called the Bohr small
6. They are found in the kidney glomeruli, air effect.
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sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels and 3. The Haldane effect, on the other hand describes
lymphatic vessels and are involved in functions how oxygen concentrations determines
like forming a diffusion boundary and filtration hemoglobin’s affinity for carbon dioxide.
in sites where protection is not important. 4. The amount of carbon dioxide transported in
s.
7. The cuboidal epithelium is made of a single layer blood is remarkably affected by the degree
of cube like cells. oxygenation of the blood.
8. This tissue is commonly found in the kidney 5. The lower the partial pressure of O2 lower is the
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tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small affinity of haemoglobin saturation with oxygen
glands and surface of the ovary. hence more CO2 is carried in the blood.
9. Its main functions are secretion and absorption. 6. This phenomenon is called Haldane effect.
(ii) 1. Pseudo-stratified epithelial cells are columnar,
o 7. This effects CO2 exchanges in both the tissues
but unequal in size. and lungs.
2. Although the epithelium is single layered yet it 8. In the lungs the process is reversed as the blood
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appears to be multi-layered because the nuclei moves through the pulmonary capillaries, its
lie at different levels in different cells. PCO2 declines from 45mm Hg to 40mm Hg.
3. Hence, it is also called pseudo-stratified 9. For this to occur carbondioxide is freed from
epithelium and its functions are protection, HCO3- ions and Cl- ions moves in to the plasma
secretion and absorption. and reenters the RBC and binds with H+ to form
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carbonic acid which dissociates in to CO2 and

(iii) 1. The columnar epithelium is composed of single
water.
layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei at
the base. 10. This CO2 diffuses along its partial gradient from
.s
the blood to the alveoli.

2. It lines the digestive tract from the stomach to
the rectum. 38 (A)
3. The two modifications of this lining are the (i) Economic importance of Frog
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presence of microvilli on the apical surface of the

1. Frog is an important animal in the food chain;
absorptive cells and Goblet cell which secretes
it helps to maintain our ecosystem. So ‘frogs
the protective lubricating mucus.
should be protected’.
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4. The functions of this epithelium include

2. Frog are beneficial to man, since they feed
absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes and
on insects and helps in reducing insect pest
other substances.
population.
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(or) 3. Frogs are used in traditional medicine for

controlling blood pressure and for its anti-aging
properties.

4. In USA, Japan, China and North East of India, (or)

frogs are consumed as delicious food as they 38(B)
have high nutritive value.
(i) Liver has high power of regeneration and liver
(ii) 1. Truncus arteriosus is a thick walled and cells are replaced by new ones every 3-4 weeks.
cylindrical structure which is obliquely placed Apart from bile secretion, the liver also performs
m
on the ventral surface of the heart. several functions
2. In the frog, Rana, venous blood is driven into 1. Destroys aging and defective blood cells
the right atrium of the heart by contraction of the 2. Stores glucose in the form of glycogen or
sinus venosus, and it flows into the left atrium
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disperses glucose into the blood stream with the
from the lungs. help of pancreatic hormones
3. A wave of contraction then spreads over the 3. Stores fat soluble vitamins and iron
whole atrium and drives blood into the ventricle,
4. Detoxifies toxic substances.
where blood from the two sources tends to remain
s.
separate. 5. Involves in the synthesis of nonessential amino
acids and urea.
4. Separation is maintained in the spiral valve,
and the result is similar to the situation in (ii) The identified vitamins are classified as fat soluble
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lungfishes. Blood from the body, entering the (A,D,E and K). Vitamin A, D, E and K, if consumed
right atrium, tends to pass to the lungs and skin beyond required level may cause defects, commonly
for oxygenation; that from the lungs, entering referred to as hypervitaminosis.
the left atrium, tends to go to the head.
Vitamins Symptoms of Deficiency
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5. Some mixing does occur, and this blood tends
to be directed by the spiral valve into the arterial 1. A (Retinol)/ Night blindness
arch leading to the body. Antixero (Nyctalopia),
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phthalmic Xerophthalmia (drying
(iii) 1. When the animal is at rest, the hind limbs are
vitamin of eyeballs), Bitot’s spot
kept folded in the form of letter ‘Z’.
in the cornea, Dermatosis
2. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited clearly during (dry and scaly skin) and
the breeding season.
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Keratomalacia Atrophy
3. The male frog has a pair of vocal sacs and a of lacrymal glands
copulatory or nuptial pad on the ventral side of and reduction in tear
the first digit of each forelimb. secretion
.s
4. Vocal sacs assist in amplifying the croaking 2. D (Calciferol)/ Rickets in children

sound of frog. Antirachitic (softness and deformities
5. Vocal sacs and nuptial pads are absent in the vitamin of bones and bow legs
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female frogs. and pigeon chest) and

Osteomalacia in adults
(weak and fragile bones,
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bent, deformed pelvis).

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


STD.
Time Allowed : 2.30 hours Zoology Maximum Marks : 70
m
Instructions: i.
Check the question paper for 4. Find the correct sequence in the life cycle of frog.
fairness of printing. 1. Internal gill stage 2. External gill stage
Use Blue or Black ink to write
ii.
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3. Forelimb stage 4. Tailed frog stage
and underline and pencil to draw 5. Hind limb stag
diagrams: a. 2,1,3,4 and 5 b. 2,1,4,3 and 5
SECTION - I c. 2,1,5,4 and 3 d. 2,1,5,3 and 4
s.
Note: i. Answer all the questions. (15 × 1 = 15) 5. If you are a carbohydrate molecule (e.g. starch), in
ii. Each question carries 1 mark. which organ are you likely to encounter amylase first
iii. Write the correct answer for the questions in the digestive system?
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without options. a. Stomach
Choose the most suitable answer from the given b. Mouth
four alternatives and write the option code and the c. Large intestine
corresponding answer. o d. Small intestine.
1. Find the correct matching pair. 6. Vital capacity ( VC) of lung is equal to
I. Aristotle - Father of modern Taxonomy a. IRV +ERV + TV
ab
II. Linnaeus - Father of classical Taxonomy b. (IRV + ERV + TV) – RV
c. IRV + ERV + TV+ RV
III. R.H.Whittaker - Three domain system
d. IRV + ERV
IV. Carl Woese and - Classification based on
7. Which of the following statement is correct?
co-workers difference in 16S rRNA genes
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a. All veins carry deoxygenated blood.

a. I and II b. II and III
b. All arteries carry deoxygenated blood.
c. III alone d. IV alone
c. All veins carry deoxygenated blood except
2. Which of the following organisms has lamelliform pulmonary vein.
.s
gills without operculum? d. All arteries carry deoxygenated blood except

a. Petromyzon (Lamprey) pulmonary artery.
b. Scoliodon (Shark)
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8. The nature of urine for a person who is in long

c. Exocoetus (Flying fish) fasting, drinking only water.
d. Labeo (Rohu) a. Low amino acids in urine.
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3. Asssertion (A) : Pseudostriated epithelial cells are b. Low sugar level in urine.
single layered but it appears to be multi-layered. c. Low urea in urine.
Reason (R) : Their nuclei lie at different levels d. Excess Sodium in urine.
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in different cells.
(i) A and R are correct and R explains A.
(ii) A and R are correct but R is not an explanation
of A.
(iii) A is true and R is wrong.
(iv) A is wrong and R is true.
[270]

9. Observe the following picture and find out the type 15. In the given cladogram, identify vertebrate classes
of joint and its location. marked A,B andC.
B C
Monkeys
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A
Chameleon
a. Gliding joint - Between carpels
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b. Saddle joint - Between carpels and metacarpels Frog
c. Hinge joint - Knee joint
d. Ball and socket joint - between pectoral girdle
and humerus Tetrapods
s.
10. Name the predominant positive ionic substance A B C
present inside the cell? a. Fishes, amphibians reptiles
a. H+ b. K+ c. Na+ d. Ca++ b. amphibians reptiles mammals
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c. amphibians reptiles birds
11. Which of the following pairs of hormones are not
antagonistic (opposite effects) to each other. d. reptiles birds mammals
a. Parathormone - Calcitonin SECTION - II
b. Insulin - Glucagon o Answer any six of the following. Question No. 21
c. Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic factor is compulsory. Each question carries 2 marks.
d. Relaxin - Inhibin Answer in about 30 words. (6 × 2 = 12)
ab
12. PET scan uses 16. Match the following animals with their larva.
a. Radio isotopes b. U-V rays 1. Cyclostomata - a) Ammocetes larva
c. Ultra sound d. Infra Red rays 2. Ctenophora - b) Trochophore larva
13. Muscardine is a _______ disease 3. Cnidaria - c) Tadpole larva
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a. protozoan b. fungus 4. Hemichordata - d) Cydippid larva

c. bacterial d. viral e) Tornaria larva
f) Planula larva
14. Find out the name of the breed from the clues given.
.s
17. What is Ambulacral system? Mention its functions.

1. Most popular commercial breed in India and
originated from Italy. 18. Differentiate tight junction from adhering junction.
2. This breed is chiefly found in West Bengal.
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3. Breed popularly known for its massive body 19. a) Identify the connective tissue in the given picture.
having heavy bones. b) Mention any two regions which has this tissue.
4. This breed is known for its pugnacity, high
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stamina, majestic gait and dogged fighting

qualities.
a. 1. Brahma, 2. Leghorn, 3. Chittagong and
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4. Aseel
b. 1. Leghorn, 2. Chittagong, 3. Brahma and 20. Write a note on unique structure present in the
4. Aseel eyeball of pigeon.
c. 1.Chittagong, 2. Brahma, 3.Leghorn and 21. What are the formed elements of blood?
4. Aseel 22. a) What is micturition?
d. 1. Chittagong, 2. Leghorn, 3. Brahma and
b) What are the indications of diabetes mellitus?
4. Aseel

23. Explain the term: lazy gates. 33. a) What are the by products of poultry?
24. What does an artificial pacemaker do? b) What are the common poultry diseases?
SECTION - III SECTION - IV

Answer any six of the following. Question No. 25 Answer all the questions. (5 × 5 = 25)
is compulsory. Each question carries 3 marks.
m
34. a. In evolution which animal phylum possess truly
Answer in about 45 words. (6 × 3 = 18) segmented animals?
25. a)
Who proposed the concept of seven kingdom b. Write the salient features of the animals of this
system of classification?
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phylum.
b) Arrange the following organisms on the basis of c. Give any two examples.
seven kingdom system of classification.
(OR)
Banyan tree, Brown algae, Mushroom, Methanogens,
a) Describe the structure of brain of pigeon.
Entamoeba, Lactobacillus and Man.
s.
b) Explain how the structure is specialized for its aerial
26. What are the morphological features that differentiate mode of life.
male and female cockroach?
35. a) List out various disorders of respiratory system.
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27. Doctor advises a patient who suffers from hepatitis,
b) Briefly describe the cause and symptoms of any
to take less fat diet. Give reason.
three disorders.
28. Explain how the inner wall of stomach acts as (OR)
digestive gland.
a) Briefly explain ABO blood groups with suitable
o
29. 1. Write the part marked A in the given diagram. table.
2. Explain how reabsorption process occur in that part.
ab
36. a) Observe the given diagram and identify the parts
A B C
labelled A, B and C.
b) Explain the structure of a typical long bone.
A
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B
A
D
C
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30. What are the benefits of regular exercise?

31. a) Which hormone is called ‘antidiuretic’ hormone?
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b) What are the functions of that hormone?

c) Mention the effect of its hyposecretion.
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32. a) Mention the name of the instrument given in the (OR)

picture.
a) D efine the terms i) Thermoreceptors and
b) What are the clinical significance of this instru- ii) Photoreceptors
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ment?
b) Differentiate between sympathetic and parasym-
pathetic neural system.( Any four points)
37. a. Enumerate the role of kidney and gastro-intestinal
tract as an endocrine glands.

(OR) 17. 1. pecial type of water vascular system with tube

S
b. A person is met with an accident resulting in head feet or podia present in Echinodermata.
injury. Which imaging technique the doctor will 2.
Locomotion, respiration and capture and
suggest first. Why? transport of food.
38. Prawns are the most important aquatic crustacean 18.
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cultured. Tight Juntion Adhering Junction
a) Write down the name of any four prawn species. Help to stop substances Perform cementing to
b) Explain the method of culture of fresh water prawn. from leaking across a keep neighbouring cells
co
(OR) tissue together.
a) What are the exotic breeds of duck? 19. (a) Cartilage
b) Write the peculiar characters of duck. (b) T
ip of nose, outer ear joints, ear pinna between
c) What are the advantages of duck farming? adjacent bones of vertebral column, limbs and
s.
hands in adult.
20. 1. Sclerotic plate - protect the outer eye layer.
ANSWERS 2.
Nictitating membrane - Slides over the eye
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during flight and protects the cornea by closing.
SECTION - I 3. Pecten - Vascular pigmented process projects
into vitreous body arises from the point of optic
1. d. IV alone
nerve helps in long distance vision.
2. b. Scoliodon (Shark)
o 21. Red blood cells / Corpuscles (erythrocytes)
3. (i) A and R are correct and R explains A.
White blood cells / Corpuscles (Leucocytes)
ab
4. d. 2,1,5,3 and 4
Blood platelets
5. b. mouth
22. (a) Process of release of urine from the bladder.
6. a. IRV +ERV + TV (b) Polyurea, Polyphagia, Polydipsia, Ketosis,
7. c.
All veins carry deoxygenated blood except Gluconeogenes.
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pulmonary vein. 23. 1. During hyperpolarization in transmission of

8. c. Low urea in urine nerve impulse.
9. c. Hinge joint - Knee joint 2. K+ ions gates are more permeable to K+ even
.s
10. b. K+ after reaching the threshold level as it closes

slowly.
11. d. Relaxin - inhibin
24. 1. It is a medical device that generates electrical
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12. a. Radio isotopes

impulses delivered by electrodes.
13. b. fungus
2. To contract the heart muscles and regulates the
14. b.
1. Leghorn, 2. Chittagong, 3. Brahma and electrical conduction system of heart.
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4. Aseel
15. b. A-amphibians, B - reptiles, C- mammals SECTION - III
25. (a) Cavalier - Smith
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SECTION - II
(b)
Lactobacillus, Methanogens, Entamoeba,
16. 1. Cyclostomata - a) Ammocetes larva Brown algae, Mushroom, Banyan tree and
2. Ctenophora - d) Cydippid larva Man.
3. Cnidaria - f) Planula larva
4. Hemichordata - e) Tornaria larva

26. 29. 1. Vasa recta

Male Female 2. (i) Reabsorption involves the movement of
No. Character
Cockroach Cockroach the filtrate back into circulation.
1. Abdomen Long and narrow. Short and broad (ii) The volume of filtrate formed per day is
around 170-180 L and urine released is
2. Segments In the abdomen In the abdomen
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nine segments seven segments 1.5 L per day, i.e., 99% of the glomerular
are visible. are visible. filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
3. Anal style Present Absent as it contains substances needed by the
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body called selective reabsorption.
4. Terga 7th tergum, 7th tergum (iii) Reabsorption takes place either by active
covers 8 tergum covers 8th and
th transport or passive transport, diffusion
9th terga. and osmosis.
s.
5. Brood Absent Present Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)-

(iv)
pouch Glucose, Lactate, Amino acids, Na+ and
6. Antenna Longer in length Shorter in Water are reabsorbed by active transport.
length
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(v) D
escending limb of Henle’s loop-
7. Wings Extends beyond Extends up to Permeable to water, impermeable to Na+
the tip of the end of and Cl–.
abdomen abdomen Ascending limb of Henle’s loop -
(vi)
27. 1. Liver secretes bile - emulsification of fat.
2.
o
Bile salts reduce the surface tension of fat
Permeable to solutes such as Na+, Cl– and
K+.
droplets and breakdown into small globules.
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Distal Convoluted tubule - Recovers
(vii)
3. Bile activates lipases to digest lipids. water and secretes into the tubule.
4.
Due to hepatitis liver cells are destroyed, Reabsorption of bicarbonates takes place
resulting is abnormal blood vessel and bile duct to regulate the blood pH. Homeostasis of
leading to the formation of fibrosis - reducing K+ and Na+ in the blood is regulated.
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the function of liver or bile secretion. (viii) Collecting duct - Permeable to water,
5. So fat molecules cannot be digested earily - secretes K+, reabsorbs Na+. The change
doctor adviced to take less fat diet. in permeability to water is due to the
.s
presence of number of water permeable

28. 1. Chief cells or peptic cells or zymogen cells
channels called aquaporins.
secrete gastric enzymes.
30. 1. The muscles used in exercise grow larger and
2. Goblet cells secrete mucus - lubrication and
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stronger.
protection of epithelium from HCl.
2. The resting heart rate goes down.
3. Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete HCl.
3. More enzymes are synthesized in the muscle
4. Provide acidic medium (R.H 1.8) kills bacteria
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fibre.
and micro organisms - intrinsic factor for the
absorption of Vitamin B12 called Castle’s 4. Ligaments and tendons become stronger.
intrinsic factor. 5. Joints become more flexible.
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Pepsinogen HCl pepsin 6. Protection from heart attack.

(proenzyme) (active) 7. Influences hormonal activity.
Protein pepsin proteoses and peptones 8. Improves cognitive functions.
(peptides)
9. Prevents Obesity.
Milk protein caseinogen Renin casein 10. Promotes confidence, esteem.
with ca+

11. Aesthetically better with good physique. 2. They are triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical,
12. Over all well-being with good quality of life. schizocoelomates and exhibit organ system
13. Prevents depression, stress and anxiety. level of body organisation. The coelom with
coelomic fluid creates a hydrostatic skeleton
31. a) Vassopressin is a peptide hormone secreted by
and aids in locomotion.
neurohypophysis of pituitary.
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3. Their elongated body is metamerically
b) Promotes reabsorption of water and electrolytes
segmented and the body surface is divided into
by distal tubules of nephron - reduces loss of
segment or metameres.
water through urine.
4. Internally the segments are divided from
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Causes constriction of blood vessels - increases
one another by partitions called septa. This
blood pressure.
phenomenon is known as metamerism. The
c) Hyposecretion causes Diabetes insipidus -
longitudinal and circular muscles in the body
production of large amount of urine.
wall help in locomotion.
s.
32. a) Glucometer 5. Aquatic annelids like Nereis have lateral
b) 1. Determine the approximate concentration appendages called parapodia, which help in
of glucose in the blood. swimming. Chitinous setae in Earthworms, and
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2.
Key element of home blood glucose suckers in Leech help in locomotion.
monitoring by people with diabetes 6. The circulatory system is of closed type and
mellitus or hypoglycemia. the respiratory pigments are hemoglobin and
33. a) Poultry by products:
o chlorocruorin.
1. he feathers of poultry birds are used for
T 7. Nervous system consists of paired ganglion
making pillows and quilts. connected by the lateral nerves to the double
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ventral nerve cord.
2.
Droppings of poultry can be used as
manure in fields. The droppings are rich 8. They reproduce sexually. Development is direct
in nitrogen, potash and phosphates. or indirect and includes a trochophore larva.
Some are monoecious (earthworms) while
3.
A number of poultry by products like
some are dioecious (Neries and Leech).
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blood-meal, feather meal, poultry by-

product meal and hatchery by-product c) Eg: Lampito mauritii (earthworm), Neries (sand
meal are used as good sources of worm), Hirudinaria (leech).
nutrients for meat producing animals (or)
.s
and poultry. These byproducts supply

a) Brain of pigeon:
proteins, fats, vitamins and good amount
1. Brain is divided into forebrain, midbrain and
of minerals.
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hind brain.
b) 1. Ranikhet
2. Cerebral hemispheres are distinct, round and
2. Coccidiosis
large in size.
3. Fowl pox
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3. Olfactory lobes are small, do not contain

SECTION - IV cavities.
34.a) Phylum : Annelida. 4. Diencephalon. is hidden, has pinel body
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dorsally and infundibulum and pituitary body

b) Salient features of Phylum Annelida:
ventrally.
1. Annelids were the first segmented animals to
5. Optic are lateral owing to the large size of
evolve. They are aquatic or terrestrial, free
the large size of the cerebral hemisphres and
living but some are parasitic.
cefrebellum.
6. Medulla oblongata decends vertically from the
cerebellum.

b) The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and the N-acetyl glucosamine and 11 terminal amino
long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic acids. The attachments of the terminal amino
bones). acids are dependent on the gene products of A
1. The pectoral museles of flight (Pectoralis major and B. The reaction is catalysed by glycosyl
and Pectoralis minor) are well developed. transferase.
m
2. Lungs are spongy and are continuous with air Distribution of antigens and antibodies in different
sacs. blood groups
3. Urinary bladder is absent to reduce weight. Blood Agglutinogens Agglutinin
group (antigens) on the (antibodies)
co
35.a) Pulmonary embolism, bronchitis, Asthama, Lung
cancer, Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, emphysema, RBC in the plasma
atelectasis, tuberculosis, Pleurisy. A A Anti B
b) Asthma – It is characterized by narrowing and B B Anti A
inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles and AB AB No antibodies
s.
difficulty in breathing. Common allergens for asthma O No antigens Anti A and Anti B
are dust, drugs, pollen grains, certain food items like
fish, prawn and certain fruits etc.
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36.a) A - Spongy bone
Bronchitis – The bronchi when it gets inflated due B - Compact bone
to pollution smoke and cigarette smoking, causes
C - Blood vessels.
bronchitis. The symptoms are cough, shortness of
breath and sputum in the lungs. b) 1. Typical long bone has a diaphysis, epiphyses

o
Tuberculosis – Tuberculosis is caused by
(singular-epiphysis) and membranes.
Mycobacterium tuberculae. This infection mainly 2. Diaphysis - axis of the bone with thick collar of
ab
occurs in the lungs and bones. Collection of fluid compact bone. Surrounds a central medullary
between the lungs and the chest wall is the main cavity or marrow cavity.
complication of this disease. 3. Epiphyses are the bone ends. Contains spongy
bone with red marrow.
(or)
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4. Metaphysis - the region where the diaphysis

a) 1.
Depending on the presence or absence of and epiphyses meet.
surface antigens on the RBCs, blood group 5. Periosteum - double-layered membrane
in individual belongs to four different types surrounds the external surface of bone. Outer
.s
namely, A, B, AB and O. layer is fibrous with dense irregular connective

2. The plasma of A, B and O individuals have tissue. Inner layer consists of osteoblasts and
natural antibodies (agglutinins) in them. osteoclasts richly supplied with nerve endings
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Surface antigens are called agglutinogens. lymphatic and blood vessels. Primitive stem
3.
The antibodies (agglutinin) acting on cells are also present.
agglutinogen A is called anti A and the 6. Endosteum - covered the internal bone
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agglutinin acting on agglutinogen B is called surfaces - contains osteoblasts (bone forming

anti B. Agglutinogens are absent in O blood cells) and osteoclasts (bone destroying cells).
group. 7. Epiphyseal plate or growth plate is present in
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4. Agglutinogens A and B are present in AB blood between epiphysis and diaphysis.

group and do not contain anti A and anti B in
them. A, B and O are major allelic genes in
ABO systems.
5. All agglutinogens contain sucrose, D-galactose,

4. Noradrenaline is Acetylcholine is
produced at the produced at the
terminal ends of terminal ends of
the postganglionic the postganglionic
fibres at the effector fibres at the effector
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organs. Hence the organs. Hence
system is adrenergic. the system is
cholinergic.
5. Active during Active during
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stressful conditions relaxing times
preparing the body restoring normal
to face them. activity after a stress.
6. The overall effect The overall effect is
s.
is excitatory and inhibitory.
stimulating.
7. It is considered as It is considered
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the flight or fight as ‘The Rest and
system. Digest System’ or
‘The Feed and Breed
System’.
(or)
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a) Thermoreceptors are present in skin which respond
37.a) Role of kidney as endocrine glands:
1. Renin is secreted by juxta glomerular cells
ab
to the temperature. i.e. hot or cold.
(JGA), which increases blood pressure when
Photoreceptors are the rod and cone cells of the angiotensin is formed in blood.
refina of ey which respond to the light. (vision)
2. Erythropoietin is also secreted by the JGA
b) cells of the kidney and stimulates erythropoiesis
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S. Sympathetic Parasympathetic (formation of RBC) in bone marrow.

No. Neural system Neural system 3. Calcitriol is sercreted by proximal
1. SNS originates in PNS originates in tubules of nephron. It is an active form of
the thoracic and the cranial region vitamin D3 which promotes calcium and
.s
lumbar region of the of the brain and the

phosphorus absorption from intestine and
spinal cord. sacral region of the
spinal cord. accelerates bone formation.
Role of gastro-intestinal tract glands:
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2. Sympathetic ganglia Its ganglia remain

are linked up to form isolated. 1. Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates
a chain. the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen.
2. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by
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3. Preganglionic fibres Preganglionic fibres

are short and the are long and the duodenum act on gall bladder to release bile and
postganglionic fibres postganglionic fibres stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes.
are long. are short. 3. Secretin acts on acini cells of pancreas to
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secrete bicarbonate ions and water to neutralize

the acidity.
6. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) inhibits
gastric secretion and motility.

(or) 7. Young ones of 5cm length (60 days old) can be

b) CT scan imaging technique is suggested by the reared in fresh or slightly brackish water ponds
doctor. and rice fields.
Reasons: 8. For preparation of pond for algal growth drain
off water and sundry the bottom followed by
1. CT scan shows if there is swelling or bleeding
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light tilling.
in the brain or a fracture in the skull.
9. Agricultural time should be applied to absorb
2. In CT scan image, overlapping structures are
excess CO2 and to supply calcium required for
eliminated making the internal anatomy more
moulting.
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apparent.
10. Fertilizers like rice, bran, poultry, and cattle
3. During CT scan imaging an X-ray tube rotates
dung are used to increase the fertility of the soil.
around the patient so that multiple images are
collected from any angles. There images are 11. Harvesting of prawns can be done twice in a
stored in a computer that analyses them to year.
s.
create a new image with the overlying structures (or)
removed. a) Exotic breeds of duck
4. It shows the shape, size, density and tenure of
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Muscori, Pekin, Aylesbury, Campbell.
the texture of the injury. b) Peculiarity of ducks:
38.a) 1. Penaeus indicus
1. Body is fully covered with oily feathers.
2. Penaeus monodon
2.
Have a layer of fat under their skin which
3. Metapenaeus dobsoni
4. Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
o prevents it from getting wet.
3. They lay eggs at night or in the morning.
b) 1. Prawn collected from ponds, river, and paddy
ab
fields are transferred to the tanks which are 4. The ducks feed on rice bran, kitchen wastes,
waste fish and snails.
aerated.
2. For fertilization, one pair of prawn are kept in a c) Advantages of duck farming:
separate tank. After mating, the eggs are laid. 1. Can be reared in small backyards where water
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3. Spawning tanks of different sizes should be is available.

prepared with proper aeration. 2. Needs less care and management.
4. Temperature (24° C – 30° C) and pH (7-8) 3. dapt themselves to all types of environmental
A
.s
should be maintained in the hatching tank. conditions.

5. The eggs hatch into first and second stage larva. 4. Breed for feed efficiency, growth rate and
6. Artificial feed is supplied. resistance to diseases.
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
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PUBLIC EXAM QUESTION PAPER MARCH - 2019

11th
(With Answers)
STD.
Time Allowed : 1.15 Hours Bio- Zoology Maximum Marks : 35
Instructions: 6. Vital Capacity is :
m
i. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. It (a) RV + ERV (b) TV + IRV + ERV
there is any lack of fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor (c) TV + IRV (d) TV + ERV
immediately.
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ii. Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil 7. Which of the following is not present in the same
to draw diagrams: rank?
(a) Diptera (b) Insecta
SECTION – I
(c) Primata (d) Orthoptera
Note : (i) Answer all the questions: (8 × 1 = 8)
s.
(ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the 8. If Henle’s Loop were absent from mammalian
given four alternatives and write the option nephron, which one of the following is to be
code and the corresponding answer. expected?
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1. When a cockroach tries to enter into the ear of a (a) The urine will be more concentrated
sleeping person, which one of the following process (b) The urine will be more diluted
will start?
(c) There will be no urine formation
(a) Stimulation of negative feedback mechanism
(d) There will be hardly any change in the quality
(b) Neuro muscular fatigue
(c) Unconditioned reflex
o and quantity of urine formed
(d) Conditioned reflex SECTION - II
ab
2. The cytoplasm of the muscle fibre is called : Answer any four of the following. (4 × 2 = 8)
(a) Myofibril (b) Sarcoplasm 9. Classify the animals based on the body cavity.
(c) Sarcomere (d) Sarcolemma 10. Name the layers found in Human Blood Vessels.
3. Three domain classification was proposed by :
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11. We are not consuming urea. But in our body urea is

(a) Cavalier Smith (b) R.H. Whittaker produced. Why?
(c) Carolus Linnaeus (d) Carl Woese
4. Which of the statements regarding lac insect is True? 12. List the disorders of muscular system.
.s
(i) Microscope resinous crawling scale insect 13. Do you know your lower limb segments? Write the 3
(ii) Inserts its proboscis into plant tissue, such juices segments of lower limb.
and grows 14. Name the three zones which are present in Adrenal
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(iii) Secretes lac from the hind end of the body gland.
(iv) The male lac insect is responsible for large scale
production of lac SECTION - III
Answer any three of the following. Question No. 19
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(a) (ii), (i) and (iv) are correct

(b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct is compulsory. (3 × 3 = 9)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct 15. Compare the anatomical features between Phylum
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct Annelida and Arthorpoda.
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5. Which one of the following is correct pair? 16. Why do we call cockroach a vector?
(a) Exotic breed – Cyprinus Carpio 17. Why, villi present in the intestine, are not present in
(b) Apiculture – Reeling the stomach?
(c) Sericulture – Propolis 18. Enumerate the benefits of Poultry Farming.
(d) Milch breed – Malvi 19. Pituitary gland is commonly called “master gland”
of the body. Why?
[279]

280 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Public Exam Question Paper March - 2019 with Answers
SECTION - IV
Glutamine
Answer all the questions. (2 × 5 = 10)
20. Write the kingdom, phylum and class for Pigeon. Mitochondria
NH4
Write the characteristics of birds that are suitable for Carbamoyl phosphate Glutamine
flying. Carbamoyl phosphate
m
Citrulline
(OR)
In our heart, all the four chambers are completely Ornithine Citrulline
partitioned. It results in non-mixing of oxygenated
blood with deoxygenated blood. Explain the double
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Ornithine
circulation related to it. Urea Argininasuccinate
21. Differentiate between sympathetic and Cell Cytoplasm

parasympathetic Neural system. Arginine
(OR)
s.
Fumarate
Discuss the various techniques adopted in cattle
Ornithine cycle
breeding.
12. 1. Myasthenia gravis
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ANSWERS 2. Tetany
3. Muscle fatigue
4. Atrophy
SECTION - I o 5. Muscle pull
1. (c) Unconditioned reflex
6. Muscular dystrophy
2. (b) Sarcoplasm
ab
13. The three segments of each lower limb are
3. (d) Carl Woese 1. The thigh
4. (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct 2. The leg or shank
5. (a) Exotic breed – Cyprinus Carpio 3. The foot.
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6. (b) TV + IRV + ERV 14. Three zones present in Adrenal gland

7. (b) Insecta 1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona fasciculata
8. (b) The urine will be more diluted
3. Zona reticularis
.s
SECTION - II
SECTION - III
9. Acoelomate - Flatworms
1. Pseudocoelomate - Round worm 15.
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2. Eucoelom 1.Schizocoelomate - Annelids Characters Annelida Arthropoda

2.Enterocoelomate - Echinoderms Segments Identical Segmentatum
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10. 1. Tunica externa segments present but it is

are present not identical
2. Tunica media
in the body
3. Tunica Intima (metamerism)
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11. The nitrogenous waste formed as a result of breakdown Muscles Logitudinal and Longitudinal and
of amino acids is converted to urea in the liver by the circular muscles circular muscles
Ornithine cycle or urea cycle are present are absent

Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology -Public Exam Question Paper March - 2019 with Answers 281
Locomotry Nereis- parapodia Jointed 4. It provides fresh and nutritious food and has a huge
organ Earthworm - Appendages global demand.
Chitinous setae 5. It provides employment opportunities for the
Leech - Suckers people.
Circulatory Closed Open 19. Pituitary gland is known as master endocrine glands
m
system that controls the other endocrine glands.
Respiratory Skin (body wall) Book gills, book
organ lungs, trachea SECTION - IV
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Excretory Nephridia Malpighian 20. Pigeon:
organ tubules, green
glands, coxal Kingdom – Animalia
glands Phylum – Chordata
Sex Earthworm- dioecious Class – Aves
s.
Monocius. Neries Characteristics of birds that are suitable for flying
and Leech -
dioecious 1. Aves are commonly known as birds. The
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characteristic feature of Aves is the presence of
Embryonic Direct and Direct and
feathers and the ability to fly The forelimbs are
devevelopment Indirect Indirect
modified into wings
16. Vectors: 2. The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and the
long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic

o
Cockroach carry with them harmful germs of various
bacterial diseases like cholera, diarrhoea,tuberculosis,
bones).
and typhoid and hence are known as “Vectors”. 3. The pectoral muscles of flight (pectoralis major
ab
and pectoralis minor) are well developed.
17. 1. In the stomach there is no absorption of food.
Absorptionm takes place only in the intestine 4. Respiration is by compact, elastic, spongy lungs
throuogh villi Absorption is a process by which that are continuous with air sacs to supplement
the end product of digestion passes through the respiration as well as helps in flight.
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intestinal mucosa into the blood and lymph. (OR)

2. The villi in the lumen of ileum are the absorbing Double Circulation.
units, consisting of lalcteal duct in the middle
1. Circulation of the blood was first described by
surrounded by fine network of blood capillaries.
.s
William Harvey (1628). There are two types of

The process of absorption involves active, passive
blood circulation in vertebrates, single circulation
and facilitated transport.
and double circulation.
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3. Small mounts of glucose, amino acids and

2. The blood circulates twice through the heart first
electrolytes like chloride inons are generally
on the right side then on the left side to complete
absorbed by simple diffusion. The passage of
one cardiac cycle. The complete double blood
these substances into the blood deplanes upon
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circulation is more prominent in mammals because

concentration gradients.
of the complete partition of all the chambers
18. Benefits of Poultry farming: (any three) (Auricles and ventricles) in the heart.
3. In systemic circulation, the oxygenated blood
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The advantages of poultry farming are

1. It does not require high capital for construction entering the aorta from the left ventricle is carried
and maintenance of the poultry farming. by a network of arteries, arterioles and capillaries
to the tissues. The deoxygenated blood from the
2. It does not require a big space. tissue in vertebrates, single circulation and double
3. It ensures high return of investment within a very circulation The blood circulates twice through the
short period of time. heart first on the right side then on the left side to
complete one cardiac cycle.

282 Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology - Public Exam Question Paper March - 2019 with Answers
4. Noradrenaline is Acetylcholine is
produced at the produced at the
terminal ends of terminal ends of
the postganglionic the postganglionic
fibres at the effector fibres at the effector
m
organs. Hence the organs. Hence
system is adrenergic. the system is
cholinergic.
5.
co
Active during Active during
stressful conditions relaxing times
preparing the body restoring normal
4. The complete double blood circulation is more
to face them. activity after a stress.
prominent in mammals because of the complete
6. The overall effect The overall effect is
s.
partition of all the chambers (Auricles and
ventricles) in the heart. is excitatory and inhibitory.
stimulating.
5. In systemic circulation, the oxygenated blood
7. It is considered as It is considered
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entering the aorta from the left ventricle is carried
by a network of arteries, arterioles and capillaries the flight or fight as ‘The Rest and
to the tissues. The deoxygenated blood from the system. Digest System’ or
tissue capillary walls and can acumulate in the ‘The Feed and Breed
tissues. o System’.
6. This increases the diffusion distance and reduces
the efficiency of the gas exchange. In contrast (OR)
ab
high pressure is required to force blood through
the long systemic circuits. Hence the arteries Methods of Animal breeding :
close to the heart have increased pressure than the There are two methods of animal breeding :
arteries away from the heart. Completely separated
1. Inbreeding :
circuits (pulmonary and systemic) allow these two
i. Breeding between animals of the same
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different demands to be met with.

breed for 4-6 generations is called
21. inbreeding. Increases homozygosity and
S. Sympathetic Parasympathetic exposes the harmful recessive genes.
.s
No: Neural system Neural system ii. Continuous inbreeding reduces fertility
(SNS) (PNS) and even productivity, resulting in
1. SNS originates in PNS originates in “inbreeding depression”.
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the thoracic and the cranial region

iii. This can be avoided by breeding selected
lumbar region of the of the brain and the
spinal cord. sacral region of the animals of the breeding population and
they should be mated with superior
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spinal cord.
animals of the same breed but unrelated to
2. Sympathetic ganglia Its ganglia remain
the breeding population.
are linked up to form isolated.
a chain. iv. It helps to restore fertility and yield.
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3. Preganglionic fibres Preganglionic fibres 2. Outbreeding :

are short and the are long and the The breeding between unrelated animals is
postganglionic fibres postganglionic fibres called outbreeding. It helps to produce new
are long. are short. and favourable traits, to produce hybrids with
superior qualities and helps to create new
breeds.

Sura’s  XI Std - Zoology -Public Exam Question Paper March - 2019 with Answers 283
i. Out crossing : It is the breeding between Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer technology
unrelated animals of the same breed but (MOET) :
having no common ancestry. The offspring i. It is another method of propagation of animals
of such a cross is called outcross. This with desirable traits. This method is applied
method is suitable for breeding animals when the success rate of crossing is low even
m
below average in productivity. after artificial insemination.
ii. In this method Follicle stimulating hormone
ii. Cross breeding : Breeding between a (FSH) is administered to cows for inducing
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superior male of one breed with a superior follicular maturation and super ovulation.
female of another breed. The cross breed
progeny has superior traits ( hybrid vigour iii. Instead of one egg per cycle, 6-8 eggs can be
or heterosis). produced by this technology. The eggs are
iii. Interspecific hybridization : Method of carefully recovered non-surgically from the
s.
genetic mother and fertilized artificially.
breeding between male and female of two
different species. Eg: Mule (male donkey iv. The embryos at 8-32 celled stages are recovered
and transferred to a surrogate mother. For
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and a female horse).
another round of ovulation, the same genetic
3. Artificial insemination : mother is utilized.
i. It is a technique in which the semen v. This technology can be applied to cattle, sheep
collected from the male is injected to the
o and buffaloes. Advantage of this technology
reproductive tract of the selected female. is to produce high milk yielding females and
ii. Artificial insemination is economical high-quality meat yielding bulls in a short time.
ab
measure where fewer bulls are required
and maximum use can be made of the best
sire.
ur

.s
w
w
w

11th
PUBLIC EXAM QUESTION PAPER MARCH - 2019
(With Answers)
STD.
Time Allowed : 2.30 Hours Zoology Maximum Marks : 70
Instructions: 7. Which of the following hormones are secreted by
m
i. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. It Kidney?
there is any lack of fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor
immediately. (i) Renin (ii) Gastrin
co
ii. Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil (iii) Calcitriol (iv) Secretin
to draw diagrams: (a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (ii) (d) (i) and (iii)
Part – I
Note : (i) Answer all the questions: (15 × 1 = 15) 8. The Sphincter of Oddi guards :
s.
(ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the (a) Pancreatic duct (b) Cystic duct
given four alternatives and write the option (c) Hepato-pancreatic duct
code and the corresponding answer. (d) Common bile duct
ok
1. The process of killing the silkworm cocoons is called 9. Total lung capacity is _________.
________.
(a) TV + IRV (b) VC + RV
(a) reeling (b) spinning
(c) ERV + TV + IRV (d) TV + ERV
(c) rearing (d) stifling
10. The limbless amphibian is __________.
(a) Ctenophora
o
2. Which one of the following is not correctly paired?
– Veliger
(a) Rana (b) Salamander
(c) Icthyophis (d) Hyla
(b) Annelida – Trochophore
ab
(c) Porifera – Parenchymula 11. Choose the correctly matched pair :
(d) Cnidaria – Planula (a) Dual purpose – White plymouth rock
3. The oxidative skeletal muscle fibres are termed as (b) Ornamental breeds – Silkie
___________. (c) Egg layers – Brahma
ur
(a) red muscle fibres (d) Broiler types – Leghorn

(b) fatty muscle fibres 12. Choose the correct statements.
(c) white muscle fibres (i) Presence of single ovary on the left side, is an
(d) yellow muscle fibres adaptation to aerial life in female pigeon.
.s
4. Total number of bones in the vertebral column of (ii) The major flight muscles of pigeon are the
adults : coracobrachialis.
(iii) In frog, during aestivation and hibernation
w
(a) 24 (b) 26 (c) 33 (d) 29

gaseous exchange takes place through skin.
5. _________ is useful in diagenosis of neurological (iv) Female cockroach bears a pair of anal styles in
and sleep disorders.
9th sternum.
(a) PET (b) EEG (c) CT (d) X-rays
w
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iv)

6. During synaptic transmission of nerve impulse, (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (i) and (iii)
neurotransmitter (P) is released from synaptic
vesicles by the action of ions (Q). Choose the correct 13. _________ is a specialized connective tissue with
w
answer. mineralized hydroxyapatite matrix.

(a) P = GABA, Q = Na+ (a) Tendon (b) Ligament
(b) P = Cholinesterase, Q = Ca++ (c) Cartilage (d) Bone
(c) P = Acetylcholine, Q = Ca++
(d) P = Acetylcholine, Q = Na+
[284]

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incorrect statement) are given in each chapter.

All the diagrams are included and neatly labeled.

Exam - 2018 Questions are incorporated at appropriate sections.

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Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement������������������������������������������������������������������� 149 - 168

Chapter 12 Basic Medical Instruments and Techniques���������������������������������������������� 211 - 224

(This Chapter is chapter 12 in short version)

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Chapter 6 Respiration.............................................................................. 89 - 104

Chapter 7 Body Fluids and Circulation.................................................. 105 - 126

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1.5 Taxonomic hierarchy

1.8 Tools for Study of Taxonomy

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Living organisms Eg: Methanogens called Nomenclature.

Eg: Protista Printed

All living animals It inclues a group of

Phylum Order Genus

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MUST KNOW DEFINITIONS

ICZN : International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

of fragments of different lengths after digestion of the DNA samples.

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ABIS : Automatic Bee Identification System.

(c) Diptera (d) Insecta 1. Beneficial bacteria. Disease Causing

Curd plants & animals

 [Ans. (a) Taxonomic Key] 10. Why mule is sterile in nature?

(a) Walter Rosen (b) AG Tansley

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4. After some time they evolved into different

Technological advancement has helped to evolve

a) DNA barcoding - Uses short genetic marker in

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(RFLP) analysis - difference in homologous

(a) Haeckel (b) Woese

autotroph 'auto' as prefix 6. Who introduced the seven kingdom system of

Autotroph means manufacture of own food. (c) Bauhin (d) Linnaeus

II. Choose the Correct options for the below

1. The seven kingdom system of classification was

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8. Species plantarum was written by ______

(a) Aristotle (b) Linnaeus

(a) I, II and IV only (b) I and II only

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Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement�� 149 - 168

Chapter 12 Basic Medical Instruments and Techniques�� 211 - 224

[Ans. (a) Taxonomic Key] 10. Why mule is sterile in nature?

(d) i iii iv ii Reason (R) : Cyanobacteria played a key role

[Ans. (c) Dr. Subramaniam Bhupathy] Very Short Answers 2 MARKS

2. What are methanogens? [HY-2018] 8. Which is the basic unit of classification?

(a) Annelida (b) Echinodermata [Ans. (d) Crocodile]

[Ans. (b) Echinodermata] 26. Compare Schizocoelom with Enterocoelom.