1.

Current Condition and Problems / Issues of the coasts

 Coastal disaster risks include flooding, coastal erosion, sedimentation, etc., Especially In the northern Java, the
high priority of necessity and importance is the countermeasures against flooding.
 In the northern Java coastal area, the concentration of people and assets in the coastal area and artificial coastal
modification is extremely significant compared to the other coastal areas in Java Island and other islands. (From
the results of coastal usage interpretation and Land Sat analysis).
 Incident wave action to the northern Java coast is smaller than that in the other coastal areas by shadow effect due
to Borneo and Sumatra Island, therefore coastal developments and artificial modifications have been easily
undertaken comparing to other coastal area.
 In total, the northern Java coast has been sedimented (from the result of satellite image using Landsat). This is due
to existence of sand supply from many rivers flowing into the northern Java coast.
 On the other hand, even though the wave action in the northern Java coast is smaller than that in the southern area,
magnitude of littoral drift is larger than the southern Java coastal due to significant oblique wave direction. Even
though tendency for sedimentation is identified in total at the northern Java coast, the severity of coastal erosion is
considered to be higher than that of other coasts.
 As the coastal protection measures, structure measures (gray infrastructure) has been common in whole of
Indonesia, and soft measures (green infrastructure) has been not commonly adopted. The former is mainly handled
by PU, and the latter is by MMAF. However, the budget allocated to coastal protection/conservation is significantly
different between gray and green infrastructures. The budget for gray infrastructure implemented by PU are
dominant.
 Beach nourishment is one of the coastal protection/conservation measures. However, no implementation has been
conducted except Bali Beach Conservation Project by JICA.

2. Issues on Organizational Structure

 Separation of demarcation between PU and MMAF who are mainly in charge of coastal protection and
conservation (Structure measure (Gray Infrastructure) is PU, Soft measure (Green Infrastructure) including
ICZM is MMAF)
 Insufficient implementation system and budget for coastal management & maintenance, absolutely
 No integrated coastal management system under participation of PU, MMAF and other related stakeholders

3. Issues on Capacity of Human Resources, Education for Coastal Conservation

 Insufficient experience for especially non-structure measures for coastal protection project in executive
agencies (in Balai officials)
 Insufficient technical guideline for soft or combined soft and hard measures (ex. Technical Guideline for beach
nourishment)
 Poor data and information sharing system related to coastal matters

4. Issued on Coastal Law and Regulation

 Lack and Less reality of existing coastal law, regulation (e.g. Setback Rule)
 Less enforcement for compliance of coastal law and regulation