CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, computer technology has

penetrated into all fields and becomes the necessary tools for various industries, especially the

Internet technology promotion and the establishment of the information highway. It makes the IT

industry increasingly shows its unique advantages in the market competition (Yongchang and

Mengyao, 2015). Into the digital age, there is a huge data information waiting for processing and

transmission, which makes the further development and use of the database is particularly urgent.

As some small and medium-sized supermarkets in the domestic market, they are falling behind the

large and medium-sized supermarkets during the informatization, but for these enterprises'

resource management, information storage and processing also shows the urgent need. To adapt

to market competition, it requires efficient handling and management methods, so it is

indispensable that accelerate the process of the computerization of supermarket (Yongchang and

Mengyao, 2015).

The essence of a supermarket management system is for an effective automation of the

management of a supermarket. (Nnanyerem G. 2018). The Supermarket Management System is a

project that deals with supermarket automation and it includes both purchasing and selling of

items. Supermarket management system is the system where all the aspects related to the proper

management of supermarket is done. These aspects involve managing information about the

various products, staff, managers, customers, billing etc. This system provides an efficient way of

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managing the supermarket information. Also allows the customer to purchase and pay for the items

purchased.

This study is based on the sales transaction and billing of items in a supermarket. This study is to

produce software which manages the sales activity done in a supermarket, maintaining the stock

details, maintaining the records of the sales done for a particular month/year. The users will

consume less time in calculation and the sales activity will be completed within a fraction of

seconds whereas manual system will make the user to write it down which is a long procedure and

so paper work will be reduced and the user can spend more time monitoring the supermarket. The

program will be user friendly and easy to use. The system will allow the user when to reorder for

a particular goods.

The system will display all the items whose name start with the letter selected by the user. He can

select out of those displayed. Finally, a separate bill will be generated for each customer. This will

be saved in the database. Any periodic records can be viewed at any time. If the stock is not

available, the supermarket orders and buys from a prescribed vendor. The amount will be paid by

deducting the total amount acquired in the sales activity. Admin provides a unique username and

password for each employee through which they can login to proceed on their daily activities.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Manual management of the supermarket encounter countless problem which varies from time

consumption, poor communication, problem of physical count, daily purchase problem and

ordering of supplies. Manual management of a supermarket slow down the updating of daily

activities, also it can cause a misunderstanding in a supermarket operation process i.e., poor

communication. The use of manual management system will always require either the presence of

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either the supermarket owner or the employee to carry out stock taking which is always time

consuming, operating with manual management system may cause an injury for the supermarket

if transaction record is lost or misinterpret.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim is to examine the existing system and design an online supermarket management system.

The objectives of this study are:

i. ascertain stock level of a supermarket,

ii. To know when to order for more goods, keep status and updates of transactions, thereby

helping progress level,

iii. To determine stock taking and managerial decisions.

iv. To help the Administrator control different branches from one place.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The online supermarket management system is significant to humanity in the following ways:

i. The management system will be of great benefit to supermarkets and it will improve the

managerial and administrative strength of the business and move the business forward to

meet the demand of times and globalization in this era of technology.

ii. To explore the challenge being faced by the manual system.

iii. For easy record of goods and proper identification.

iv. This piece of work will add to the already existing literature review and act as a reference

work for future researchers.

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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work covers stock control, management and tends to correct anomalies in

Supermarket business. It analyses opening of new stocks, stock updates and ability to view existing

ones. It provides quick way of operation by capturing the manual process and automating them.

This project is helpful to computerize the item transaction, sales activity, record keeping which is

a very huge task and maintaining the stock.

1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Due to time and basic factors like poor networks, unavailability of concrete business idea and

many more this research has been limited to certain areas in supermarket management we only

looked more into the supermarket inventory management area using HTML, PHP, and MYSQL.

1.7 DEFINATION OF TERMS

For the sake of easy comprehension of this project write-up, some relevant words and technical

jargons were used in the study and they are defined as follows:

i. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE): An integrated

development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides comprehensive

facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consist a

source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger.

ii. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS): A DBMS is a system software for

creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides user and programmers with a

systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.

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iii. RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RDBMS): RDBMS is the

basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2,

Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access. A RDBMS is a database management system that

is based on the relational model as introduced by E.F. Codd.

iv. OBJECT RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ORDBMS):

ORBMS is a database management system similar to relational database, but with an

object-oriented database model: object, classes and inheritance are directly supported in

database schemas and in query language.

v. APACHE SERVER: Apache server is an open-source cross platform web server software

develop and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of Apache

Software Foundation. A webserver is an integral part of a web development process as it

serves as the connecting link between client requests for pages and the database

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

A supermarket is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household

products, organized into sections. This kind of store is larger and has a wider selection than earlier

grocery stores, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or

big-box market (Wikipedia). In everyday U.S. usage, however, "grocery store" is synonymous

with supermarket (oxford dictionary) and is not used to refer to other types of stores that sell

groceries.

The supermarket typically has places for fresh meat, fresh produce, dairy, deli items, baked goods,

etc. Shelf space is also reserved for canned and packaged goods and for various nonfood items

such as kitchenware, household cleaners, pharmacy products and pet supplies. Some supermarkets

also sell other household products that are consumed regularly, such as alcohol (where permitted),

medicine, and clothing, and some sell a much wider range of nonfood products: DVDs, sporting

equipment, board games, and seasonal items (e.g., Christmas wrapping paper in December).

A larger full-service supermarket combined with a department store is sometimes known as a

hypermarket. Other services may include those of banks, cafés, childcare centers/creches,

insurance (and other financial services), mobile phone services, photo processing, video rentals,

pharmacies, and gas stations. If the eatery in a supermarket is substantial enough, the facility may

be called a "grocerant", a blend of "grocery" and "restaurant" (Meyer Z. 2017).

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The traditional supermarket occupies a large amount of floor space, usually on a single level. It is

usually situated near a residential area in order to be convenient to consumers. The basic appeal is

the availability of a broad selection of goods under a single roof, at relatively low prices. Other

advantages include ease of parking and frequently the convenience of shopping hours that extend

into the evening or even 24 hours of the day. Supermarkets usually allocate large budgets to

advertising, typically through newspapers. They also present elaborate in-shop displays of

products.

Supermarkets typically are chain stores, supplied by the distribution centers of their parent

companies, thus increasing opportunities for economies of scale. Supermarkets usually offer

products at relatively low prices by using their buying power to buy goods from manufacturers at

lower prices than smaller stores can. They also minimize financing costs by paying for goods at

least 30 days after receipt and some extract credit terms of 90 days or more from vendors. Certain

products (typically staple foods such as bread, milk and sugar) are very occasionally sold as loss

leaders so as to attract shoppers to their store. Supermarkets make up for their low margins by a

high volume of sales, and with of higher-margin items bought by the attracted shoppers. Self-

service with shopping carts (trolleys) or baskets reduces labor costs, and many supermarket chains

are attempting further reduction by shifting to self-service check-out (Wikipedia).

2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND APPROACHES

Web technology as a preferred platform for development of computer application and system has

continued in an upward swing over the last decade. Even conventional applications such as word

processing, presentation and spreadsheet package that are typically deployed on standalone system

have been deployed on web. As this project is a web base application, there is only one choice to

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be made regarding the tools used in implementation of the project. Web base application are

develop using a host of web technology tools. (W3C, 2015)

In developing a web page application, several concepts and technologies can be use. The major

technologies used in this project are web technologies HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language),

CSS (Cascading style sheet), JAVASCRIPT, PHP (Personal Home Page) and relational database

technology. This site developed is a collection of web documents. These web documents are

presented to the user by an application program known as a browser e.g., Internet explorer, Firefox,

Opera mini, Chrome.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

This is the language of the web that is used in describing the contents of a web page, site or

application. HTML is not a programming language, rather, it is a markup language consisting of

tags enclosed in “<” and “>” which possesses attributes. Also known as Hyper Text Markup

Language, it is used for creating webpages. Webpages are usually viewed in a web browser. They

can include writing, links, pictures, and even sound and video. HTML can also be used to add

Meta information to a webpage. Meta information is the information about the web page. For

example, the name of the person who made it (Wikipedia).

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Cascading style sheet is a language that is used in formatting, specifying layout and appearance

of web elements describe using HTML. It is distinct from HTML, comprises of selector (which is

usually an HTML tag), property and value. There are three basic approaches to styling an HTML

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document using CSS which are; inline, internal and external styling. Also, CSS can be used to

work on a concept which you want be it a slide in text or a hover concept (Wikipedia).

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting/programming language used in frontend web

development for the purpose of providing functionality and creating interactive within web

browsers. JavaScript is used to make an interactive web site which like a slideshow and so on. Not

all websites are developed using JavaScript because the developer probably decided not to use it

but JavaScript was used in this project.

PHP (Hypertext Processor)

PHP is an open source sever-side programming language used primarily in creating dynamic

content and server-side web applications. PHP also known as Personal Home Page which is used

to design a dynamic website example: Facebook. PHP isn’t a code you see affecting the layout of

the page, it’s a code that handles the connection to the database and so on.

BOOTSTRAP

Bootstrap is a web development framework develop using HTML, CSS, JavaScript and jQuery

that aids the quick design of a website or web application interface.

MYSQL

MySQL is a freely available open-source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that

uses Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is the most popular language for adding, accessing

and managing content in a database. It is most noted for its quick processing, proven reliability,

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ease and flexibility of use. It handles the details of a website which needs to be saved and so much

more

2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Supermarket is a large form of the traditional grocery store, it is a self-service shop offering a wide

variety of food and household products, organized into aisles. It is larger in size and has a wider

selection than a traditional grocery store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of

merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box market (Wikipedia). The concept of an inexpensive

food market relying on large economies of scale was developed by Vincent Astor. He founded the

Astor Market in 1915, investing $750,000 of his fortune into a 165 by 125 corner of in the famous

95 Manhattan avenue, creating in effect, an open air mini-mall that sold meat, fruit, and flowers.

The expectation was that customers would come from great distances ("miles around"), but in the

end even attracting people from ten blocks away was difficult, and the market folded in 1917. The

concept of a super market was developed by entrepreneur Clarence Saunders and his Piggly

Wigglystores. His first store opened in 1916. Saunders was awarded a number of patents for the

ideas he incorporated into his stores. The stores were a financial success and Saunders began to

offer franchises. The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, which was established in 1859, was

another successful early grocery store chain in Canada and the United States, and became common

in North American cities in the 1920s. Yang, B and Burns, N.D. (2003).

Rietze S. (2006) debate about the origin of the supermarket, with King Kullen

and Ralphs of California having strong claims. Other contenders included Weingarten's Big Food

Markets and Henke & Pillot. To end the debate, the Food Marketing Institute in conjunction with

the Smithsonian Institution and with funding from H.J. Heinz, researched the issue. It defined the

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attributes of a supermarket as "self-service, separate product departments, discount pricing,

marketing and volume selling".

Pagh, J.D. and Cooper, M.C. (1998), said that it has been determined that the first true supermarket

in the United States was opened by a former Kroger employee, Michael J. Cullen, on August 4,

1930, inside a 6,000-square-foot (560 m2) former garage in Jamaica, Queens in New York

City. The store, King Kullen, (inspired by the fictional character King Kong), operated under the

slogan "Pile it high. Sell it low." At the time of Cullen's death in 1936, there were seventeen King

Kullen stores in operation. Although Saunders had brought the world self-service, uniform stores

and nationwide marketing, Cullen built on this idea by adding separate food departments, selling

large volumes of food at discount prices and adding a parking lot.

Other established American grocery chains in the 1930s, such as Kroger and Safeway at first

resisted Cullen's idea, but eventually were forced to build their own supermarkets as the economy

sank into the Great Depression, while consumers were becoming price-sensitive at a level never

experienced before. Kroger took the idea one step further and pioneered the first supermarket

surrounded on all four sides by a parking lot by Bowersox, C. (2009).

According to Ballou, R.H. (1999), Supermarkets proliferated across Canada and the United States

with the growth of automobile ownership and suburban development after World War II. Most

North American supermarkets are located in suburban strip shopping centers as an anchor store

along with other smaller retailers. They are generally regional rather than national in their

company branding. Kroger is perhaps the most nationally oriented supermarket chain in the United

States but it has preserved most of its regional brands, including Ralphs, City Market, King

Soopers, Fry's, Smith's, and QFC.

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In Canada, the largest such chain is Loblaw, which operates stores under a variety of regional

names, including Fortinos, Zehrs, No Frills, the Real Canadian Superstore, and the

largest, Loblaws, (named after the company itself). Sobeys is Canada's second largest supermarket

with locations across the country, operating under many banners (Sobeys IGA in Quebec).

Québec's first supermarket opened in 1934 in Montréal, under the banner Steinberg's.

Yang, B., and Burns, N.D. (2003), said that, in the United Kingdom, self-service shopping took

longer to become established. Even in 1947, there were just ten self-service shops in the country.

In 1951, ex-US Navy sailor Patrick Galvani, son-in-law of Express Dairies chairman, made a pitch

to the board to open a chain of supermarkets across the country. The UK's first supermarket under

the new Premier Supermarkets brand opened in Streatham, South London, taking ten times as

much per week as the average British general store of the time. Other chains caught on, and after

Galvani lost out to Tesco's Jack Cohen in 1960 to buy the 212 Irwin's chain, the sector underwent

a large amount of consolidation, resulting in 'the big four' dominant UK retailers of

today: Tesco, Asda (owned by Wal-Mart), Sainsbury's and Morrisons.

According to Patton (1990), said that in the 1950s, supermarkets frequently issued trading

stamps as incentives to customers. Today, most chains issue store-specific "membership cards,"

"club cards," or "loyalty cards". These typically enable the card holder to receive special members-

only discounts on certain items when the credit card-like device is scanned at check-out. Sales of

selected data generated by club cards are becoming a significant revenue stream for some

supermarkets.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY.

3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE NEW SYSTEM

To reduce the shortcomings of the existing system there is a need to develop a new system that

could upgrade the status of the current system which is manual and slow to the system that will be

automatic and fast. The new system should be concern with offering the requirements of the

customer and the workers, the system should be reliable, easier, fast, and more informative. It

reduces paperwork, manpower requirement, and increases the productivity of the supermarket

using this application, on can add, modify, update, save, delete, and print details.

FEATURES:

i. It reduces the time and manpower required for management and maintenance of different

tasks.

ii. It reduces the paper work in existing system; hence it is economical and efficient.

iii. The CEO/owner can have the system used in another branch. I.e., the system

accommodates more than one branch of supermarket.

iv. The system is capable of allowing customer to buy goods on credit after they have met all

the necessary requirement. The admin is also responsible to approved every customer that

want to be buying goods on credit.

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 MODULES:

• Administration module: This module is handled by an admin who has full control over

the system. Admin is required to log into the system with a unique user id and password.

The admin has control over all the modules and features of the system. The admin is

responsible to add new employee and also responsible in assigning branch where the

employee will carry out their activities to them.

• Sales Representative module: The sales Representative can use this module with their

user id. They can keep track of items in the supermarket, and they are responsible for

recording details of purchases and sales.

• Branch Manager module: Branch managers can use this module with their user id. They

can keep track of items in the supermarket, and they are responsible for adding of product

and adding of stock. They manage all the activities of their branch.

QUALITIES OF THE NEW SYSTEM

1. Reduction in processing cost.

2. Error reduction.

3. Automatic posting.

4. Improve reporting.

5. Faster response time.

6. Ability to meet user requirements.

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7. Flexibility.

8. Reduction in use of the paper.

9. Reduction in Man Power.

The system can’t manage promotion Due to the following reason; this project is based on the sales

transaction and Stocking of items in a supermarket.

DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

System Design is one of the tasking sections of the Programming. In this section of the project

many previews are going to be seen and we are gradually getting close to the new system. System

design is a transition from a user-oriented document to a document oriented to programmers or

database personnel. The system design is structured into the following parts:

✓ Input Design

✓ Output Design

✓ Database Design

✓ System Architecture and flowchart

3.2 INPUT DESIGN

In any organization, institution or any system of operation there is always an input into the system

which keeps a system going, if the input is wrong definitely the output will be wrong. This design

is meant to handle data about a particular product or stock in the Supermarkets as shown below.

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 No Field Data type Length

1 User name Varchar 100

2 Password Varchar 50

Table 3.1: Input Design to login

No Field Data Type Length

1 Branch Id Int 111

2 Branch Name Varchar 50

3 Branch Address Varchar 100

4 Branch contact Varchar 50

5 Skin varchar 15

Table 3.2: Input Design for Branch information.

No Field Data Type Length

1 Product Id Int 11

2 Product Name Varchar 100

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 3 Product description varchar 100

4 Product price Decimal 10, 2

5 Category id int 11

6 Product Quantity Int 11

Table 3.3: Input Design for Product information

No Field Name Data type Length

1 Stock in Id Int 11

2 Product Id Int 11

3 Product Quantity Int 6

4 Date Received Datetime 10

5 Branch Id Int 11

Table 3.4: Input Design to Add Stock

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 No Field Name Data Type Length

1 Username Varchar 100

2 Password Varchar 50

3 Name Varchar 50

4 Branch Id Int 11

Table 3.5: Input Design for creating employee details.

3.3 OUTPUT DESIGN

In a very competitive world that we are, a good and attractive GUI is needed to make customers

and administrators enjoy the services of a system, which would serve as a system to increase

productivity in supermarket business below are previews of the output designs. The previews of

the output view of the design are shown below.

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Fig 3.1: Preview of Output Design for Administrator login

Fig 3.2: Preview of Output Design for Employee Login

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Fig 3.3: Preview of Output Design for Adding Employee

3.4 DATABASE DESIGN

Database is a file composed of records, each containing fields together with a set of operations it

helps in organizing data in a logical order for references. Database contains related data which are

organized together in a group of object, table, and file. It can be in form of node. In this project a

relational database concept will be used in this appraisal, related data will be store or organize in

different table. The Database design of this system is shown below.

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Fig 3.4: Database structure

Fig 3.5: Preview for Database Design for Employee

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Fig 3.6: Preview for Database Design for Branch

Fig 3.7: Preview for Database Design for Product

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Fig 3.8: Preview for Database Design for Stock In.

Fig 3.9: Preview for Database Design for Customer

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3.5 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND FLOWCHART

This is the logical structure that represents the blue print of proposed system in other words; it

defines as the algorithm of the software in a concise and logical order. The process design is

represented diagrammatically in the form of system architecture as shown below

Fig 3.10: System architecture

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SYSTEM FLOWCHART

Fig 3.11: System Flowchart

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 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANAD DISSCUSSION

4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

This is the official document of what is required of the system developers. It consists of user

requirement and detailed specification of the system requirement. The new system can be

implemented on any micro- computer configuration with the following capacities:

i. Windows 7 and above operating system.

ii. Web Browser

iii. Microsoft Visual Studio code

iv. Xampp Server

v. MySQL Database.

4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

The new system can be implemented on any micro- computer configuration with the following

capacities:

i. Computer with either Intel Pentium processor or AMD processor.

ii. 1GB RAM and above

iii. 40GB hard disk drive and above

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4.3 SYSTEM IMPLENTATION

In order for the new system to be implemented on any computer system, it takes the following

process and ways:

i. Boot the system

ii. Install Xampp sever

iii. Launch Xampp and turn the sever on (Active)

iv. Copy the software folder to htdoc inside Xampp folder of the drive C:/.

v. Open any browser on the system

vi. Enter http://localhost/sms/index.php on the address bar and press the return key (for

sales representative module)

vii. Enter http://localhost/sms/admin/index.php on the address bar and press the return key

(for Admin module)

viii. Enter http://localhost/sms/manager/index.php on the address bar and press the return

key (for Manager module)

ix. Explore the new system.

4.4 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF THE SYSTEM

As discussed earlier in the previous chapters about the module in the system. I shall review them

by starting the program one by one to really show how each modules and pages are implemented.

4.4.1 ADMIN MODULE

This is the entry point of the administrator it is an important module on the system. The module

allows the admin to create login details for the new employee of the supermarket. The admin is

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vested with the authority to create and manage branches of the supermarket. This module allows

the admin to approve or disapprove any creditor that apply from each branch. The admin is also

vested with the authority to view statement of account of each branch and rate the performance of

each branch base on their sales report. The admin can also modify any employee details like

transferring from one branch to another and edit employee details. The following graphics shows

the GUI of the admin module.

Fig 4.1: Admin login

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Fig 4.2: Add branch

Fig 4.3: Add employee

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Fig 4.4: Inventory report.

Fig 4.5: Monthly report.

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4.4.2 SALES REPRESNTATIVE MODULE

This is the entry point of the sales representative. This module deal with the main transaction of

the supermarket which is selling of goods to customers. The sale Rep login to this module with

their login credentials. The following graphics show the GUI of the Sales Representative Module;

Fig 4.6: Sales Representative Login

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Fig 4.7: Customer Selection

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Fig 4.8: Sales Transaction

Fig 4.9: Sales Receipt

4.4.3 MANAGER MODULE

This is the entry point for the manager of the supermarket. This module allows the manager to

perform a lot of activities such as adding of new product, stock adding, adding of new and editing

of information of creditors. The manager module supersedes the sales representative module in

term of stock adding and product adding. The module allows the manager to view sales report of

daily and monthly transaction. The following are the graphical user interface of the Manager

Module;

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Fig 4.10: Manager login

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Fig 4.11: Add stock

Fig 4.12: Add new product

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Fig 4.13: Add creditor

Fig 4.14: Branch Report

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

This project is on the design and implementation of supermarket management system. To

effectively drive home the meaning and concept of this system, the project is subdivided into five

chapters, the first chapters evaluate the background of the study, stating the problems that the

newly proposed system is about to resolve. In furtherance it explicated the significance, and

defines the terms and terminologies required for the implementation and use of this system.

The second chapter of this project reviewed relevant literatures that reiterated on the necessity of

the implementation of management system in the management of supermarkets. The third chapter

of this project evaluated the system analysis and design. It laid emphasis on the nature of the

manual systems and described the need for the new system and its advantages over the old system.

The fourth chapter is based on the system implementation and how to use the system for effective

performance.

The final chapter summarised and draw conclusion based on the functionality of the system and

make possible recommendation on how to enhance the management of supermarkets in Nigeria.

5.2 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Supermarket Management System has to do with making appropriate effort to stop

the rising problem to all manual supermarket operation in order to enhance the operation of such

supermarket. In this project, the software or system that can be used to aid all supermarkets that

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are still operating manually have been successfully developed. The software can be implementing

in all types of supermarket. The software has a large memory of storing all the goods in the

supermarket and also keeping record it is highly effective and accurate.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

In the development of this supermarket management system, I will recommend that if there is

going to be any modification the new writer should endeavor to improve on the limitations such

as inclusion of managing promotion and other activities that is been perform in a supermarket to

further increase the system architecture and to satisfy users need more for writing of the source

code, latest PHP version should be used and MySQL for the database. There are some limitations

during the development of this supermarket management system that will require improvement as

stated in previous chapter. Future writer should put them in mind and face it as a challenge and not

a problem.

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REFERENCES

1. Wikipedia (https://en.m.wikipedia.org)

2. “Grocery” (https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/grocery_1?

=grocery+store). Oxford Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved 13 July 2020.

3. Meyer, Zlati (5 April 2017). "Why 'Grocerants' are the new trend, taking bite out of

restaurants"(https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2017/04/05/grocer

nts-take-bite-out-restaurants/99723098/). USA Today. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

"The phenomenon is growing fast enough both in prevalence and sophistication

that the food industry has coined a name for these combination grocery stores and

eateries – the 'grocerant.'"

4. W3C, (2015). An analysis of implementing web in the class room. Information System

Educational Journal

5. R.H. Ballou, (1999). Business Logistics Management: Planning, Organizing and Controlling

the Supply Chain, 4th ed., Prentice-Hall International, London.

6. B. Yang, and N.D. Burns, (2003). "Implications of postponement for the supply chain",

International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 41 No.9.

7. M.Q. Patton, (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 2nd edition, New Bury

Park, CA.

8. S. Rietze, (2008). “Examination of supply response”, WA 98237, Vol 7.

9. J.D. Pagh, and M.C. Cooper, (1998). "Supply chain postponement and speculation strategies:

how to choose the right strategy", Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 19

10. C. Bowersox, (2009). “Inventory Speculation: Cause and Effect”, Ohio, United States 89511

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APPENDIX A

INDEX SOURCE CODE

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<title>Login - <?php include('dist/includes/title.php');?></title>

<!-- Tell the browser to be responsive to screen width -->

<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-

scalable=no" name="viewport">

<!-- Bootstrap 3.3.5 -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">

<!-- Font Awesome -->

<!-- Theme style -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/css/AdminLTE.min.css">

<!-- AdminLTE Skins. Choose a skin from the css/skins

folder instead of downloading all of them to reduce the load. -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/css/skins/_all-skins.min.css">

<!-- HTML5 Shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->

<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->

<!--[if lt IE 9]>

<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>

<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>

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 <![endif]-->

</head>

<!-- ADD THE CLASS layout-top-nav TO REMOVE THE SIDEBAR. -->

<body class="hold-transition login-page">

<div class="login-box">

<div class="login-logo">

<b>Supermarket Management System</b>

</div><!-- /.login-logo -->

<div class="login-box-body">

<p class="login-box-msg">Sign in to start your session</p>

<form action="login.php" method="post">

<div class="form-group has-feedback">

<input type="text" class="form-

control" placeholder="Username" name="username" required>

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span>

</div>

<div class="form-group has-feedback">

<input type="password" class="form-

control" placeholder="Password" name="password" required>

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock form-control-feedback"></span>

</div>

<div class="form-group has-feedback">

<select class="form-control select2" style="width:100%" name="branch" required>

<?php

include('dist/includes/dbcon.php');

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 $query3=mysqli_query($con,"select * from branch order by branch_name")or die(m
ysqli_error($con));

while($row3=mysqli_fetch_array($query3)){

?>

<option value="<?php echo $row3['branch_id'];?>"><?php echo $row3['branch_na

me'];?></option>

<?php }?>

</select>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-xs-6 pull-right">

<button type="reset" class="btn btn-block btn-flat">Clear</button>

</div><!-- /.col -->

<div class="col-xs-6 pull-right">

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-

flat" name="login" default>Sign In</button>

</div><!-- /.col -->

</div>

</form>

</div><!-- /.login-box-body -->

</div><!-- /.login-box -->

<!-- jQuery 2.1.4 -->

<script src="plugins/jQuery/jQuery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>

<!-- Bootstrap 3.3.5 -->

<script src="bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<!-- SlimScroll -->

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 <script src="plugins/slimScroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script>

<!-- FastClick -->

<script src="plugins/fastclick/fastclick.min.js"></script>

<!-- AdminLTE App -->

<script src="dist/js/app.min.js"></script>

<!-- AdminLTE for demo purposes -->

<script src="dist/js/demo.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

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