DAVID #. HAHM POSIDONIUS’ THEORY OF ACTION ary inthe it ena BC. Poin eased a schoo of ii pil soph onthe land of Rode A former tent of Passts, Poros 00 eae the inde exponent of Stok inh. He ao proved tobe the (tow Innovtie af th oy Stic mo banded on the pesopby each {ho cetris eres by Zan, Chante, nd Cayspps. The ae in whic is “mnovatione wee most pronounced were pjeolog and theory faction, whee Peon’ introduction of irtional power in the sou sounded more ike Px fo than he Stole pedeaaioee of the Ol Sto’ Frovtology ta teary of scion mere phcsepial topes that Chyna ad he OW Sots data rent Seta case the ya the ot of ‘Heiefhal theory We anne lp wondriag how Posidoai ft raion ‘Semeot it th bly Wat Soi hor. The evidence is at abundant, Bet ‘Galena ts own edenor to refute Carspps' theory f passions ov alles {eon quotes enero from Posen’ refutation of hrsppus. tn ti Shoe ish ofoven sof thse quotations or thee neil Ferenc 0 Pendoni thor of action i th hope of dreving out» more ompebensie fd coherent pce of Poin oveal her. Pasdonise! fundamental psjetologica premise mas tht the oul possess thee dine poner or apace (urs), whose nero axon forthe ‘ppaent raga of man ehawor. These ae te fal cpa lo ‘iv sad wo rata capac, the ompestne OyuoeBle) and the appetve (eet, F32, 16-6, 5H, 1.61 165.146, 169.1.84 EK (95,41, 414, 617, sl, 422‘), Bac capac ar is own natal objet. The ‘eat se wid, te good and he Basti (coin, et, ey). The Compete socks per and voy (xpos, tn). The apeive seks pe ‘are (bout, FS, 1, Lt, 1 46-9 BOK [60,4167 Tp. The quotaione oan in Galen slo ces show that Posdonasdsngised wo kinds of ‘on seine and sina (F069 42-84 31. 1F14 153 EK (46, 406 "Tp The quntion we ave fac how be hou tose thee powers operated to prodece mona and rata! acon "sod tote tations, rao Stl theory, an action acer when | the ind at oa pression (nro) tht was eroded into de Bal bp enualion (loti tthe reson ase, an imp pened i the Sol td th ede ety and lnmediately to action. What determines the ‘atonal or raonay of th acon wheter he nd sens toa tor ora fase impression, Tho Stic conepion ofthe mechanism othe prose may be repreeted at flows Senution_, impression, [Asem], tmpuie_, Acton (aotno (wav) (op) Grr, ere) “The reason contol ation by ating 4 pt, sorting om wich impreions| willbe approved for paula acon snd which wile ejected An ratios ‘Tin foul Ho a asake nde by the mind (ating inpresions, ‘Since Ponidonius agra withthe ditional view that noting an aervene tutnon temp ip andthe sta! aon (P16. 15455 EK 610 TD, be odo find way forthe ranal apace to playa rol alongside the resion {n peering implies to ton, Te quotations m Osten eke cle tht otconn beled te sational xpactee se capable of generating implies to aatonindepenemly of tbe reason. SpectealyPoidnivs sy “Iepube Sometimes aries fom the jdgmet (le) of he ational capacity, but fen fom the movenra (civ) of the affect capacity” (PIGUA2A EK [sterp, He hse niet thet tae ae two diferent pocses that give rie {oie fo ferent Mads of imple tional and rational). The irtonl mp ot eto ah eon made ty an oprtr na gle proces, we look. speciicaly athe imple 1o ational action, wes that merle by the movment (ie) of te afecv capacity the soul wich {Eosonin” way 0 ying by an afection (edo) In contrat t the Old ‘Shoe noon that ailetonsar eden (clos) or products of judgments {Gmryoutve nploso, Poin bert ey ae themsles movements feria) of on ofthe latina apc, independent of jude (oe, fg sh 1, ef alo 165.18, 1,175, and 1.102 EK 407,41, 6 416 “TY! That moveroem ints caused dey by an impreion (gaat, Hox, fo4048 BK [49,19 T), Psdonas cis tht alee soveent fcr sand aly te sol zie an impression os naarl object of oof {he inational agus, orth preion of ts opps Spatial, an we* ‘paw E was ‘ive stion occu whenve tht aries the sul en mpesion of plas ot Jui or cory fet (G2 e158 FAK 17 e810). Up esp of Payoh mprcoion av slstive ovement (oe poon) ass witout ay at Sue or tombuon fom the sean, I we flow the causal chains Fores bck, ween tha such presions may come from ete oft Ce tec inducing impression my come deel (om the objec off ‘fo trough sematon(slobyo), se wen «peso Fins hinsl nthe atl Dose oa obj a an ational apa. Or eee may aie em verb [rpenson or pcre (which Peridonas alls dveurpdong, wc th = Sa an eur seston and may ocut een Inthe absence ofthe atl hhc efan ale capac, So apn canbe induced to ie omen ‘Sc yan tac tt deserpion ov my be made to fe fa yawn ‘ue or command, a for an camp when tomcone shouts, “Look otf ‘chon F162 EA El? Fy Even soon nih, a person win eas the ‘out wil expecens thea of fearon thous of mena ctr of ‘im nace by the about Ts terion eapacty moved atti > Aalfetion by aumpresion of one aft ovm objets ros onary, what ‘ere source of tat npreson. This affection o fletv mosion may tes fon to gence an pus a rato ple, ofcourse) hut Tevlvemee of te reson ‘Te reson, to, in Posi! view seems tobe capable of generating an imps ndopendeny of the rational capac. Though we do not Ed In {Guess caplet acount of Poros’ theory of fatal acon aa be feed out of imctental select to the proces, sserted by Poot for Uheoedeal cones: When Posdosiae say "impube sometimes ates om Jadpment by the tonal espace) xt 100 honanteot pio} but (pore ote fom te morenen ofthe aes spas” (FL A224 EK 416 TD, we an {afer hu judgment (pion which beso alle weasoning” Gacy 8 he ‘onal asl counterpart allio or afcve movement a progkag ‘nal mpl So aol aston If we race the movement of this resonng (rich wl be some kindof sional ay back tos eau gn, we nd {Ririe istered on what Poston cals conceptions (ova) ofthe ities (ion 28 EK eT). These conceptions may plausbly be assumed oer [itt pemigr or grou forsaking atonal econ, asta impressions of ‘tory pare, or thi conraviersrved a the gue for affective move ‘ent! hough eum ong of tore mental cencepons of the ities ot lat se nthe quotas rom Posionas, here ae soe hints Chat songs they ae wlmatty dived by some mental actin whch he tind aps the inligie rete of fealty (oe tbe Gey elas) ad ‘aie im the fm of» collection of there conspion capa, 52026 EX [96 Th ‘We may tsar remestuct Posdoni' conception af the earaton of 0 fp ection he real f che oe ft independent proses tat ‘maybe schemata repre alow ° 6 o ethene) i a feitor} em lg hs, I) fines Geng is ‘Veiag ELA ion obser) et me) aon icaton gain jen, cad) (ton) ir, Cesest faba ile on (acoaee vwe) vom from sg, aig iopoyi; pos oa ‘irae Era “What deterine wether an ation i ion ot nsonl oa Povo’ the ‘ry, then, tert pnerated by te obe procs or BY the ete. ‘we mast now eponé th ction what determiner wbick proces will oct ina gnen bua ation. Theoret pein, ee proces mayor! de ‘Peadety ofthe tents if, ta am never Bappen beau the ation End ithe cpus do ot ent in tlationfom sch oer. aman aco ‘isaye involves eration smn the tree natural expucties ice thet ob Jess ac oo ely diferent, bt in fc ncompatbl, the nteracon of the {atoml abd ira! capctes often take te frm of conti: that my ‘tenes nen at ny be cae “war” (ut, PISS. 164 BK (410 Th, “oils th elton ofthe apates to one mmo Psion f= tows Pato in coparing tert! capaaty fo a caro and the eet ‘scien, dere and anger Era eat th) tomo ores, okt togeier ‘ides hi ein E31 [08], When ly devoped around the age of fur {conte reason capable of conroling tn leaing (cpa, py) the a= ‘Sal eapacies ihe nein of efoston, Posdons holds ota the ‘eat capaci fo be amenable tothe leader of theron capaci, to ‘bey the commands of aso, ad tobe ea to fow wherever it acs, This {dec not by hort owteda (ors, tu by habicatnn (op, {ists hore nnd, Sch tring no ays scot Whe thee ‘Sons refuse o obey and are tong enough ori te ear of he eso, {hy generate ssf, liste Poin compares thn 0 oma) owe who css of Biter by free (F166 BK. [17 TD "Though Podui vr the deta ofthe alg lh rom one applic sion tothe nen eo the analogy consent to empbasn that the insrc- ‘dn between he eso an the atonal expats sa competion or contefor deeming the psi ature ofthe imple to eto. I we elininte the metaptore! langage, we ca sce tat i Penidontr theory the ely fe pute for» Hamas slog, but hte are feo concurrent pyehie mons (the snllonal and te teste). Her capa nding Ut np. the ‘Mectve mos th tongs, iil tite an mp to seomp ae ‘al objet, ther power or plas, depending on which aleve motion ane tobe active If he ration! moto ete stronger, wa nit an Impive oscompish ts own intentional bjs, which wil Be moral vite To Soo, however, fin ha to ores the tendency of te sferve motion fo Init av impale of i own. Tis process of overiing the sous alective oti ean alg Be darted oping command (roSovege othe sal and ie alfve motion (F150 EX [406 T). Ths mene that te intercon ‘sworn the toa nd the inaional epee emt competion Between ‘he wo motion tht rap the thd stg omy analy a Pesos" ery ‘fasion. Since the compedon heres deat to produg a8 inpule {Gopi we muy eal ormene competion "lormatic ompeiton, however, tot the oly frm of nteration betwen tne eats, Thre aber competion tht ay tae plac proto the Second wage, at the age of the eration of anceps and impesons, Pio. ‘blr, ainda to this competion ily nh explanation oe erg fr Assordng to Gale, Poscolur ices to show the cae of all fae sepostions (civ weak boson a he toot (i pet to eicpt formation] trough fective a tration Gage ane Sm: bat once the ‘onl capacity har ren weakened the fae opinions (0g yoo Aegoc) tke the lad (Gponyetoba) of fae a this alleveataton For sometimes impulse is pneraed in the nina a. el ofthe jgnent of he anal apc, bot Inorel often se eat ofthe motion of he ete ‘Sasty" (EUS 74 EK (10 TD, “The phenomenon Posdonis ung 19 explain ee the aceptance of pe fiend port ge, Chrsppar had dificly erlang ths ect e ‘nae that riod! honan belags hae a ater ait (leon only to moral god (onal) To ccnat for vl Coys had opostt c0 Kind of corupio (aenpapd) ofthe son Sie, i his ew, mae bane ie mo tral afin 1 plese o honor, cmap ano ats om ei in bt most be initia frm without, i the eave of pears by the inlet Pususena of pleasurable impresions abd inte eae of hoor bs he Mueoce of the matte who pease then (F169 35-5, 62.97 EK (816 Theo. Drogen Laci 189)" Galen, flowing Poon fads this elation Inadequate Beseae hows ot seiount forte neal sspance of he oppo. sions hile honor ae gos things (168.6977 EK (416 T. Pox ona’ explanation, which Glen seep ta alla fae suppesios are katy grounded inthe atari ofthe rational capac ofthe val town penure snd honor. Thr planation relevant Psion” theory of ton tease presupposes nitration betwen the ational and ational ‘apes, om intacion tht sil diferent fom the hort compe ‘On Possoni®’ theory, pase an power, which rental akin to the wo alee capaci of he sul, sumnlne an afletve motion inthe so “This motion, lowed to prose wacected bythe reason, wl produce Inpas fo plsbre or power an a action i acord wits hina. We have previouy ben tht chan afesive tion can become Yery power in the {lan proce a impsse even oer the ppition a th onl capac 5 ‘ining tory nthe bores competion of age he. Bat het gk, Pouce cing that its pal forthe afi capt ot ‘ver the atonal opacity to own eronoae Peat of Wew Bove the reason ‘ks eppon th sive mona sage tree His hie hee sees to be that “rey a stage to int eorton of conte reason amt nace Lo {Aopen uppoiton ofthe tale of mabe in the course ofthe process {Hat be calle aoe sttacton”, arly, "the pll of alfecton™ (ds nr 24, F162. 79-00 EK 06 TI} Posidoios contends tat hea fectve moto of ie oul tpl the sul cmd natural objet, eon the radon part» prewar to opt fb opaionscorrespoting foi ov ‘jae. The fabs opnins in oetion mast be “plese good” and “power aad visory ae good ae will ther nese coontepar “pai ad oS ee In this two-stage competitive proses the determine factor she rene strength ofthe ato! ad iratonl capaci. Poids" her Wea oa ‘plain be enue of such diferencia stenth on the ta of mata Bereicy {su envvonmeatal factors ie education ae pogrphy (188455 [a6 TD. The sope of this paper does ot alow me to pute ts aspect of his ‘xplanatin, bt | hope T hve made lee that when Poon esi the Stic thoy of action to icorporte ivatonal capaci, he cael a cone ‘cowl worked outs new psyco! ecm, oe at hd ot Soe om the Old Ste proce of maton ant (onyeeeson). Thi envation sve ‘ims powefl new tool with wah to anayee Duman behavior a giv catia txplstins of hua event and tee eontsted the Conan vay ot sto pomp ia theft contary BC SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Arai, Hoo, Stic Veter Fragments, 3 vol, Leip, 190315, ‘ol ines (Ader) 1928; rep 0, Stiga 1979, Ce by ‘lune and fxpneat number De Lacy, Peat Cale, On the Doctrine of Hippocrates and Pato, 3 ‘os. 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For a yal man of Pn ade gly Pb (99/19) 12838 ‘iin ie one Lag (6 2. cn Poe cra i 94920-21622, sn rs pac pra Na 99, oy at Ge Ti To Oe tony ms ne (UO TST: eT (Top SE Ine (385 opin a ny ey NS, “Chae er ener yb (9, Theta i Psi setae ihe aed eta en iT (conn Sway ee et ay nas Fi me ne ‘erin nan crm Tse i) Arena een pe 9 Smee Eonar em sa rr hr ens (939 tana HST Bis iy See ee (66 fal (19) note amet ps wl Ta (92) 2355 hat i tenet at secon ps acon od gs tae tae ch ‘Se or st ofp p tionomempi e Sei a Rg vim tai butt ope sawtea rae pe ge 8079 EK NT ore "in ka) 1) oom ae 8 De non indy ing a he "she i, ae a es ar (97: be Ti TD Se "Soe seperti, a Blin an Kid (97D 2.57% In‘ Pec eee a al pin er sons “dg Ge sh al pews" SAMMY wiserscti nesgar io ihatee ob Th ibemgr toca ‘Siete tsa noi af he apy, be poo eto a Seal Seen a its vn nt tags cae ‘Shibata teenporn ace mien ea ‘Senne lane ewe pn glad a penny moni ee adore ar as snr xt ron apie Le EA oe is tena He 0) ee ew gn on ‘elome ae th eo a ee era ‘cfs ae ro ony a8 Setar te Recs Suances tat ‘or uc lS Seon me cn. Pans ‘til cnat we tml peep ea aie {oven pn no abaya eS“) Th tat a Rida ideo a an ay olFugrias Ex (ie nee ty ae men was tenet Sa Emi reheat ‘Ribatnn en manana hat ou nlc acne he age Tot EX GI th Oe enantiomer ‘Ss Sn nd a (a 20 ts ie (8). TE Ana yet 1029 E(t cen pte mt pnt (ob gee pi ao bt nt ceed Ea ‘Slt cal 904203 Neiman wes ae tna Erahe'sia sae tee coe as eh er ee eye see ults fit seme itet pom str ee tps ‘rasan int pl ty by Som wh eb ed a ‘eel pr few ths ma Conran oe tpn oe Soper amet yt it eee eGo abt ‘itn suse becom eg cerita (at ce acon mpm ptm) o ta die fe ‘ohm me empl an fer rab Han "ecu tr pm hc a me te te epee Dee oe propa pena a ge cy SINE whe ne Ont yan ra De Ey (preteen xn as 09) te ol pop Se samme tne pre apne eon nny En ll (052) 205, ge Ren 995 enema ene pen ‘eating eae we ar nea Ran pnd se en Fece pte F() popnd tt ae “ae ppc se ‘Scan eh et) ees et a terse ted wie Gate Tang Rocio ic ntact (Fes P ER OT he a alr weary ‘gon arn ce mac a yr ito ‘st econ aps ner ery une paca ce ‘Pom see ome Cupp no Pa a ‘eet ey cea Wan spine Cyd Chonpr so coop ot pcm pons mr npr Sema secede ‘Stet ce nym ph ent Fst poe ‘an yh Pests har ane itty enh mr pet ‘omy oi scone nni a tate ec Ea ls ‘ria Ta Toaster conor ant ‘i 2 aug ear na end repr ay ‘Esl thecompers totam anata ete FD EE ity oe ca bom pss my fb Dt ae {hepa ed mero tg ee a en a ee ene SCS eaitae aoe eieie pet de ep SS ee ae neers Sos ene cere apes meee Sear aanraaahucranmiy mer ores Spoon ence meets maar art troenaenemsccamenme “Towa mn te os wot an ar ape arn maybe ee SIRT Seen Stonitean army coe Some nay ser Tew eed ta (99) a repention somone Meerecea mand means Sime omneinere esas a ee oyespvicr cieove se eer SE oe eevenees Teka tea ema eran Lace Se Se hee eceaeceemer ae See ees Steers eave aaa eo Eee ee etemesmmnesnninne weaatbrcaenctiemetas Ramee Seo ea erento SS eels bay ath inaananenaan Rei rece ne i encreeane Fe ee peter ‘en caer csegarreeromteie as pee erere tices ee iba eae. ated tee seireens eeeiapememnesmemareentnn Pacer ithaca te bee meta Slee raehian Or [rmeemamerintee ie Se fossa ees te pt oan tte at Oe SS ose enero Saat ae SS sch heescresSte a tae (1 197 27. ed (722 On is Ears abe peers eae aes wrt na oy |=o lier pte er ea bch a and iy ae 5d for an inl sah a sth ening ae pala On Ray ‘Sepa era ber ea opr ste nop ed ‘et lS nd Set Tom nn Wan sah ‘Soon pl den sa (ptr) ore don watch ‘So a St nei a pan ey) Sado FN Sunstein (ce hm res a ali feted pate oes an el). Oey ‘Sever a sn ed my ay LAR BE Oe Fae ‘Stes uur sat oe os lone mei ypc cone fren ar ipo ca oh ml ose BOT pas ‘het meebo en nn tyne oe ‘pm iy upton te pene ake pa ec (Speak he mt of a fy Ta i eps hp) ‘Sento eo isnt fate pin de etn he a {eet conic tg oma ce whe sano es ‘te barman oi epee mye oe ‘ear Spina ip ta (POC misao es tea ‘ob ath fo tet ste ape oan eet ‘Stier ey fom eae) ue tl py St er a IPE SSS it fe septa ele ot rng ogi ed ta bee ‘nen Ho hi poate a a of a eh Se tt win he i ey Sih ee ‘np (Lng oe Sea i867 39 BOVE La) aaaHELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II EDITED BY K. J. BOUDOURIS san 9on-7¢70.082 se.rr04083 ATHENS 1994No n [BPOTAE, AIHA KAL o1A020014 [ESEAOGH YHO TOY KAGHT. K DOYAOYPH, ABHNA 1, «272 iowa mmLosoriy sNrKa €1400014 ESEAOOH YNO TOY KAGHE. K DOYAOYPH, AGHNA 10, «6 “TE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCRATES, VOL. 1 [EEEAOGH VIO TOY KAGHT. K. BOYAOYPI, AOHINA 18, «16 [EDITED BY PROFESSOR K.BOUDOURI, ATHENS 19, yp. 256 ‘THE PAILOROPHY OF SOCRATES ELENCHUS,ETIICS AND TRUTH YL th, EDITED RY PROFESSOR K. BOUDOURS, ATHENS 19, pp. 1 [BEESOGH YO TOY KAGHTH. K. ROYSOYPH, AOHINA 19,0 248 ESEAOGII YO TOY KAGHT, K. BOYAOYPI, ABHIA 19, 208 [EDITED BY PROFESSOR K. BOUDOURIS, ATHENS 159, pp. 216 ‘HEiLENISTIC PMLOsOPEY, VOL. EDITED BY PROFESSOR K. BOUDOURIS! ATHENS 155,38 CONTENTS [EDITOR'S PREFACE PHYERHONISM AND PAUL FEYERABEND: A STUDY (OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SCEPTICISM. STOIC THERAPY OF THE PASSIONS "THE STOIC SET OF CATEGORIES {AS VIEWED BY PLOTINUS {THE STOIC CONCEPTION OF REASON [BPICUREAN INFLUENCES ON JOHN DEWEY'S [MORAL AND RELIGIOUS THOUGHT POSIDONIUS’ THEORY OF ACTION {THE MEANING OF THE STOIC RATIONALISM [AS CONTRASTED WITH THAT OF PLATO ‘TWO STOIC TERMS THROUGH 2 »‘THE PROPOSITIONAL CONTENT OF STOIC EMOTIONS ‘THE TRANSMISSION OF ANTISTHENES! HERCULES IN HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE. SCEPTICISM AND MORAL LIFE ‘THE EARLY STOIC THEORY OF NATURAL LAW STOIC PHILOSOPHY AND MODERN COSMOLOGY FIRST PRINCIPLES AND THE BEGINNING (OF WORLD FORMATION IN STOICISNE THE GARDEN: BETWEEN THE CONSCIOUSNESS (OF CHANGES AND INTELLECTUAL HEDONISM. [BPICURUS: THE MOST MODERN AMONG THE ANCIENTS 182 ‘STOIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE 187 FEPICUREAN FRIENDSHIP 19 "THE STOIC LEKTON STOIC LOVE IN BPICTEYUS "THE SKEPTIC ON FOLLOWING APPEARANCES 'ARCESILAUS’ SCEPTICAL SOCRATES. INDEX NOMENUME a6 2