110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering [ URE ghy Reryetorutn.mecium-websitedutm source-upprade bt, haréutm.campaign-subscriton fn) | QQ Q teearch2s=alll Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer Theory 3.5.2 Penetration theory Most of the industrial processes of mass transfer is unsteady state process. In such cases, the contact time between phases is too short to achieve a stationary state. This non stationary phenomenon is not generally taken into account by the film model. In the absorption of gases from bubbles or absorption by wetted-wall columns, the mass transfer surface is formed instantaneously and transient diffusion of the material takes place. Figure 3.4 demonstrates the schematic of penetration model. Basic assumptions of the penetration theory are as follows: 1) Unsteady state mass transfer occurs to a liquid element so long it is in contact with the bubbles or other phase 2) Equilibrium exists at gas-liquid interface 3) Each of liquid elements stays in contact with the gas for same period of time Lighid cemens| S Ve Figure 3.4: Schematic of penetration model. Liked this document? Under these circumstances, the convective terms in the diffusjan.can Reneglested andthe unsteady state mass transfer of gas (penetration) to the liquid nt “a (3.60) Excellent Average hitpsfledurain'studytuberPenetration-Theory—-Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcbé18bf6-c011-4309-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t 19110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering The boundary conditions are: t = 0,Z > 0: =capandt>0,Z=0:c=cai. The term cap is the concentration of solute at infinite distance from the surface and caj is the concentration of solute at the surface. The solution of the partial differential equation for the above boundary conditions is given by the following equation: (3.61) a= Where erf(x) is the error function defined by are cerf (x) azz force (3.62) If the process of mass transfer is a unidirectional diffusion and the surface concentration is 2 very low (cap~0), the mass flux of component A, NA [kgm7s ~ 1], can be estimated by the following equation: a(S) AS) 0a Substituting Equation (3.61) into Equation (3.63), the rate of mass transfer at time t is given N, by the following equation: D. NAO = PY a — Then the mass transfer coefficient is given by k= Pa. (3.65) The average mass transfer coefficient during a time interval tc is then obtained by (3.64) integrating Equation (3.61) as Ei = ficou =2 Dus (3.66) to mt, So from the above equation, the mass transfer coefficient is proportional to the square root of the diffusivity. This was first proposed by R. Higbie in 1935 an@ahatharanienelled Higbie’s penetration theory. Pease rate to help usmntancontent quality 3.5.3 Surface Renewal Theory 2 For the mass transfer in liquid phase, Danckwert (1951) modified the Higbie’s penetration hitpsfledura.in'studytuberPenetration-Theory-—Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcbé13bf6-c011-4300-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t 29110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Bundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer - Chemical Engineering theory. He stated that a portion of the mass transfer surface is replaced with a new surface by the motion of eddies near the surface and proposed the following assumptions: 1) The liquid elements at the interface are being randomly swapped by fresh elements from bulk 2) At any moment, each of the liquid elements at the surface has the same probability of being substituted by fresh element 3) Unsteady state mass transfer takes place to an element during its stay at the interface. Hence, average molar flux, Navav = (Cu-CulsxDiy (3.67) Comparing Equation (3.67) with Equation (3.8) we get KLav= \e%Dy (3.68) where s is fraction of the surface renewed in unit time, i.e, the rate of surface renewal ist lL 3.5.4 Boundary Layer Theory Boundary layer theory takes into account the hydrodynamics/flow field that characterizes a system and gives a realistic picture of the way mass transfer at a phase boundary. A schematic of concentration boundary layer is shown in Figure 3.5. Flat plate Figure 3.5: Schematic of concentration boundary layer. Liked this document? Please rate to help us maintain content quality e Excellent Average When 6d =8(x)»u=Ua and when 3 =8m(x)—> u=0.99Ua distanc concentration drops by 99% of (Cai-Cab). 0.332(Re)"*(Sc)!33 (3.69) hitpsfledura.in'studytuberPenetration-Theory-—Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcbé13bf6-c011-4300-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t 39110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Bundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer - Chemical Engineering where, x is the distance of a point from the leading edge of the plate; ky is the local mass transfer coefficient. Sh, = Ht = 0,664(Re)™ (6) (3.70) Duy where, /is the length of the plate. Unlock Access Pass for 500+ Tests for Chemical Engineering exam (https://edurev.in/subscription? bundleld=79&utm_source=Unlock_500_tests&utm_medium=edurev_websiteSutm_campai gn=Content_page_ad) Example problem 3. Zakauskas (Adv. Heat Transfer, 8, 93, 1972) proposed the following correlation for for the heat- is document? transfer coefficient in a staggered tube bank arrangement: 0.568 . 0.36 Please rate to help us maintain content quality Nu=0.453Re where 10 = 45906.04 Sc=(1.49x10" )/(1.8* 7.6x10°) = 1.08 Liked this document? Please rate to help us maintain content quality Analogy to heat transfer Excellent Average hitpsfledura.in'studytuberPenetration-Theory-—Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcbé13bf6-c011-4300-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t 59srt0722, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Bundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer - Chemical Engineering Sh =0.453Re0-968 50:36 - 207.68 So, kg RTA / Dag = 207.68 Therefore kg = (207.68"DAg)/(RTd) = 1.66510 mole/m2.s.Pa Ct CMa US rac} MA non eta ete ea ee Se Up Next > (https edu revin/ studyt ube/P enetr ation- (https://edurev.in/studytube/Penetratio Theor n-Theory/c97e7efb-a66f-4ec7-80e3- _(https://edurevin/studytube/Penetration-... ve97 6fe4e8fa7eb7_v) e7efb -a66f 4ec7- 80e3- Liked thisdocument? 6 fe4e Penetration Theory Please rate to help us maintain contest €aity ae Excellent Average Poor hitpsfleduravin'studytuberPenetraion-Theory-—-Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcdé18bf6-c011-4309-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t ae110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering (httpsi/edurevin/studytube/Boundary- Boundary Layer Theory Layer-Theory/44146987-ef54-4ad8- _(https://edurev.in/studytube/Boundary-Layer-. 87d7-0a76047fccf1_v) Liked this document? > (https edu rev.in/ studyt ube/B ounda v- Layer- Theor y/44. 4698 7 ef54- 4ad8- 87d7- 0a76 047fc cf1_v) Please rate to help us maintain content quality hitpsfledurain'studytuberPenetration-Theory—-Surface-Renewal- Theory -Bounlcbé18bf6-c011-4309-Ba7d-375387¢25440_t 119110122, 837 AM Penetration Theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer Theary Notes | Study Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering > (https Hedu rev.in/ studyt ube/| nterp hase- Mass- Transf er- Theor df7d-4a7e-90d3-0200db107778 t) y/314 c7ba7 -df7d- 4a7e- 90d3- 0200 db10 7778. t) (https://edurev.in/studytube/Interphase !nterphase Mass Transfer Theory -Mass-Transfer-Theory/314c7ba7-__(https://edurew.in/studytube/Interphase-Mass-... 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