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Financial Statement Analysis
• Financial Ratios:
– Liquidity Ratios
• Assess ability to cover current obligations
– Leverage Ratios
• Assess ability to cover long term debt obligations
• Operational Ratios:
– Activity (Turnover) Ratios
• Assess amount of activity relative to amount of
resources used
– Profitability Ratios
• Assess profits relative to amount of resources
used
• Valuation Ratios:
• Assess market price relative to assets or earnings
Liquidity Ratios
• Current Ratio
– Current Assets / Current Liabilities
• Current Assets include Cash, Marketable Securities, Accounts
Receivable and Inventory
• Current Liabilities include Accounts Payable, Debt Due within one
year, and Other Current Liabilities
• Cash Ratio
Cash + Marketable Securities 26.08
Cash Ratio = = = 0.17
Current Liabilities 1555.75
Liquidity Ratios
•Interval Measure
Total Debt
Debt Ratio =
Net Assets
1,229.06
= = 0.646
1901.87
Debt-Equity Ratio
EBIT 342.61
Interest Coverage Ratio = = = 2.4
Interest 143.46
Interest Coverage Ratio
•
EBITDA
Fixed Coverage Ratio =
Interest + Loan repayment
1-Tax Rate
EBITDA
Fixed Coverage Ratio = + Pref. Dividend
Interest + Lease rentals + Loan repayment
1-Tax Rate
Activity Ratios
365
Days of Inventory Holding = = 42 days
Inventory Turnover
Inventory Turnover Ratio Cont.
– In the absence of information. Instead of CGS
we can use Sales
– In the case of CGS and Inventory both are
valued at cost. While the sales are valued at
market prices
– Therefore better to use CGS
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Credit Sales
A R Turnover =
Avg AR
Sales 3,717.23
= = = 7.7
Avg AR 483.18
Average Collection Period
365
ACP = = 47 days
AR Turnover
Accounts Payable Turnover
Days Payable Ratio
Cash Conversion Cycle
• Cash Conversion Cycle =
Sales 3,717.23
Net Assets Turnover = = = 1.95 times
Net Assets 1901.87
Profitability Ratios
EBIT 342.61
OP Margin = = = 0.092 or 9.2%
Sales 3,717.23
Net Profit Margin
– The net profit margin shows the after-tax profits per rupee of
sales.
– The higher the ratio, the better.
PAT 134.86
NP Margin = = = 0.036 or 3.6%
Sales 3,717.23
Return on Investment (ROI) OR
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
– The return on total assets ratio shows the after-tax
profits per dollar of assets; this is also called return
on investment (ROI).
– The ROI is perhaps the most important ratio of all. It
is the percentage of return on money invested in the
business. The ROI should always be higher than the
rate of return on an alternative, risk-free investment.
– The higher the ratio, the better.
EBIT 342.61
ROI = = = 0.18 or 18%
Capital Employed 1,901.87
Return on Shareholders’ Equity
PAT 134.86
ROE = = = 0.20 or 20%
Net Worth 672.81
Market Valuation Ratios
PAT
EPS =
No of common shares outstanding
134.86
= = Rs. 6.00
22.50
Dividends Per Share (DPS)
45.00
= = Rs. 2.00
22.50
Dividend Payout Ratio
&
Retention Ratio
DPS
Payout Ratio =
EPS
2
= = 0.33 or 33%
6
29.25
= = Rs. 4.88 times
6
Price to Book Ratio (PB Ratio)