— Se yredied Traeeenthons, aN Sag ae 4 NW » les. aid B.Sc. (HONS) MEDICAL LABORATORY TEGHNOLOG . SECOND PROFESSIONAL REVISED SCHEME Hematology and Blood Banking Ogg] (Paper I) gies (SEQs) 2 Hours Max. Marks: 45 Time Allowed: 2 Hot Attempt all questions All questions carry equal marks UC vinat are the different stages of maturation during exythropoesis? os YPiaeler counting: ce 79) Methods os 7 b) Sources of error al 3 pe ‘Sudan Black @ stain A) Principle prnte~ A vb) Results and interpretation hese . faa ET Mr Ze, Give tab diagnosis of beta thalassemia, bt ORY. os 2 ——_ i Gicigpe cert A Siewert Enumerate five important conditions re sulting in thrdmbocytosis Ee ref os — nt —ft TE cisesity aerotwic anaemia <7. op) os = op yy} Primary haemostasis: / 8) Defintian and components - 03, 4) Detects ops miuat Fe gfnous —w typhus ls > Caving! (- rect antiglobulin test: “it = pabesiore Pape a) Principle: ae 2 oy yeu A tHe + binterrestation AIS4tk 9 Cre > Chagat DBieteg, 4 a we ye NaN 3 ‘9, > fpant ee 72+ Frumerate five transtusian transmitted infection 2» Topi os waco ttteg- ® Lehane Lecais Lefont = Meapati iy Br ares Menie Rae tapes 7 Fk RT ot ) py gare” ML Helopbloss yon 7, B PAU ma UBS eden Minako ¢ [semen Ts reager " eres JSECO ROFES' Histotechnology and cytotechnology (Paper qm) (SEQs) Max. Marks: 45 Time Allowed: Ty equal marks. Attempt all questions. All questions car 1. a) Define jmmunohistachemistry. b) What is Streptavidin Biotin Tes nique used in this process? 2 a) Why we need to fix a Surgical specimen? mith examples of each. b} Name various types of fixatives 3, ~ a) Write down names of sfolne used for connective tissue. ‘& results of aldehyde fuchsin stain. ) Describe procedure, Indication a) what is tumor marker? B) Enlist various tumor markers along with their associated disease. a) What are different stages of tsste processing? s. 2) Name three clearing agents used In histopathology 130. 6. a) What Isthe basic prinaim® of frozen section? 2 Emit diferent uses of frozen sections 1" histopathology lab. 7. a) What is the purpose of using additives in paraffin wax? 3} Enlist common paratfin wax additives Used in tissue processing. g. _2) What Is exfoliative eytetogy? b) Describe the site from where exfoliated cells can bi ae we. e obtained and method for 9, White down the main aspects of safety in a cytology laboratory. ce eS Lest): AU NS A LDY as iheied Unrate Scenes “ a 2 Scenced) 2 Hours 02 03 02 03 02 03 02 03 3.5 o1 04 02 03 OL 04 osfe * yand Blood Bankingo Hematolog Questions) 2 (Short Essay tempt ALL Questions. . Time Allowed: 2 hours Au precautions and Interpretation Discuss the Principle, procedure, ESR. Sbulate various Red cell Inclusions and the « are found, s Discuss different stages of Myelopoiesis with the help of a diagram. Pa) Give lab diagnosis of beta thalassemla. b) Write principle of Hb Electraphores!s. 2 and interpretation of Sudan Black |_“{ i ___e os piscoss the principle, procedure, B stain. . 4 } oS Ff eo Daline ~Thrambocytopenia. Enlist. any, eight causes of thrombocytopenia, 7 ‘An 18 year old female presents to OPD with heavy menstrual bleeding. On inquiring, she gave history of on & off bleeding from gums. Her sister has similar complaints. CBC shows Hb 9.6 g/dl, WBC 10.5x10°/L, and Platelets 450 x 10"/L. What is the most likely diagnosis? Give Lab workup for the above case? @" | Discuss the blood grouping techniques. ty ‘Discuss the Preparation, A SI +t arp Pi nticoagulant, Storage and Seif life of Pi d cel os Dees Oe —, | atEVISER CNG} Hematology and site (Short Essay 920d Ba Max. Mares: Time Ailowied: 2 hours) eon oro Attempt ALL Questions, $$ 1 A 3 year old child had complaint of frequent loose motions. He was underweight and pale. His mother gives history of na Eosinophilia. a) Enlist the four common causes of Eosinophilia?. 02 b) What developmental stages of white blood cells should be normally 03 present in peripheral smear of adult individual? 2. | A_1 year old male has frequent loose motions and fever. His spleen Is palpable and he has been transfused with PRBCs three times uptil now. His cBusin is diagnosed Thalassemia major child sns-that should be advised for this patient? 25 23 a) Enlis | 'b) Write down classification of thalassemia. Write “down the principle of Prothrombin Time (PT) and give its interpretation. 02,03 ‘A 56-year-old man has history of colitis and frequent bleeding per rectum due to his medical illness. He has low Hb and microcytic Hypochromic indices on CBC. Apparently, he seems to be case of Iron deficiency. 2) What are other hematological conditions which cause microcytic hypochromic blood picture? oy a3.s 02 b) Write the normal percentage of Reticulocids tn peripheral blood. OL ¢) Write down causes of Reticulocytosis. 02 ‘A 45 year old lady has come to hospital and her Peripheral blood and bone marrow report shows Acu! ek ia. a) Name two Cytochemical stains that will be helpful In this case. 25 b) Write the importance of positive Sudan Black B stain. 25 6. | A6 year old male has history of frequent bleeding in the joints and specially knee joint. His mother tells that he had history of massive bleed after circumcision. Doctor is suspecting Hemophilia A. a) What is Hemophilia A? 01 b) Enlist Lab investigations to see the coagulation status of patient. 04 7. | a) Enlist the steps of Donor Screening. 04 b) Why this is so important? o1 8. | a) Define autologous Transfusion and enlist its types. 03 b) Write down the indications of red cell concentrate. 02 ome error and technical mistake, a blood group . | Ina hospital setting due to s rol ola positive “ivideal has been transfused with blood group B positive PRBCs. Patient started having back pain with in few minutes after transfusion and developed rigor and dark coloured urine. a a) What is this type of transTusion reaction? b) Enlist the steps in investigation of such case. Lt oan SSS ed Unveaty of eal Seca)=< MEDICAL LAB! CAL LABORATORY EVIS Sh 'y SECOND PRO; SC. RES, OLOGY SECOND PROFESS. pistotechnolos= RSot SCHEME (Short Essay Cytotechnology Questions) _ Ron —\ Max, Marka: 45) Ss on 02 ology: “ay Define Histon a ner ‘fedical Technologist in the Histopathology Time ant? attempt ALL Questions. me eens Youn b) Write briefly about Perl’ iron stain. | * Pant is the Fo! ” laboratory? 03 — 'a) Write briefly about Dystrophic calcification. 2.5 ) Write down procedure and interpretation of results of "Osmium | | Tetroxide method." 2.5 / 3. Write briefly about indications of Frozen section. ] 05 | | | 4. | Define Tumour marker and give five examples of clinical conditions | in which they are important. 05; J 5. a) What do you know about liquid biopsy? | 03 b) Briefly write advantages of Liquid biopsy. 02 | 6. | a) Give a brief account of Mucin stains, 03 b) Write two applications of mucin stains. | o2 | 7. | a) What do you know about ‘Hemosiderin’? Y 3. | a) What do you know about cytology? \ b) Write about significance of urine cytology. @) Define exfoliative cytology. b) What is the significance of exfoliative cytology? SUH ES (hy 7 20 — AT AS) — (27-03. (Copyright protected University of Health Sciences)B.Sc. (HONS) MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY. ON PROFESSIONAL REVISED SCHEME one7? yand Blood Banking “ Hematolog! (Paper I) (SEQs) ‘Time Allowed: 2 Hours Max, Marks: 45 TKS. Atempt all questions. All questions carry equal mar f @ — Enumerate citferent intraerythrocytic inclusions 310" with their bre 0s 7 description. @ what is cryoprecipitate? Enlist indications of cryoprecipitate Infusion. 02,03 (@ What is hemocytometer? Write down the method of manual differential leukocyte count. 25,25 What is sickle cell disease? Write down the principle of sickle cell slide test. 05 What are red cells indices? How are they ¢erived? 05 Write down the comparison of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. 05 7) Write down the procedure and interpretation of bleeding time test (Ivy's Method)? 2.5,2.5 Describe the mechanism of platelet destruction In Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. os os mica! stains are used for diagnosing leukaemia? oes {ey ter TU 1S =A 2A) = C18. 3.26) ome eine pravected Unsversty ef heath Smences) What common histoche!5. sc. (HONS) MEDICAL L: ORATORY TECHNOLOGY SECOND PROFESSIONAL REVISED SCHEME Histopathology and Cytopathology (Paper II) (SEQs) Max. Marks: 45 Attempt all questions. All questions cerry equal marks a 1. Describe method for setting up the microscope for examining a slide. AE Describe how pH Influences the rate of fxation. ~3. Which chemicals can be used as ald agents during routine tissue Processing? 4. Give method of preparation of Harri's Aum Hematoxylin. Describe Verhoff’s method to stain wes tissue fibres. 2) What Is the principle of PAS reaction for Carbohy: rts >) How will you prepare Schift's reagen! for PAS stamming? VAG} oxy! 4 2) What is a biopsy? { ef »b) Name Gifferent types of biopsies. ep ee Describe method for Papanicoulaou's Sztin? ~G)-M Give any five points to differentiate between Benign and Maggot cel BA vy 4 penne 0) 9 Hao if “iy ge Ehs, Erou wae 7COND PROFESSIONAL ICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY 5! REVISED SCHEME kd Hematology and Blood Ban ing (Short Essay Questions) ase 0. LAPSE: | ott W \ Max. Matks: 45 Time Allowed: 2 hours ‘Attempt ALL Questions. |____ as the Principle, procedure, precautions and Interpretation of cl \i/ ESR. = conditions In which they | Tabutate various Red cell Inclusions and thi z “2 we are found. gest myelopalesis with the hetp of » diagram: os os itt 05 [32 | Discuss different # 3 03 ra. 02 3 |e" [eon the principle, ol | Ww An 18 year old female presents 7 ”7 | bleeding. On Inquiring, she gave hi ¥ gums. Her sister has similar comp! Give Tab diagnosis of beta thalassem|a. wy Write principle of Hb Electrophoresis. procedure, and interpretation of Sudan Black . os eight causes of Define Thrombocytopenia. any thrombesytopenla. os \ to OPD with heavy menstrual story of on & off bleeding from taints. CBC shows Hb 9.6 g/dl, WBC 10.5x10°/L, and Platelets 450 x 10°/L. x wet is the most likely diagnosis? Give Lab workup for the above se 01,04 05 1 Bey | Discuss the blood grouping techniques. OS |-o._| Discuss the Pi i pl Wy |Peve cells ion, Anticoagulant, Storage and Self life of SHERRI HT HE TTT ‘asrape eteced Lnearvtyt eth Seehers) epHematology and Bloee ee (Short Essay Questions) pon no. COLEGS Max. Marks: 49 Time Allowed: 2 hours Attempt ALL Questions- 1 a) Draw and jabel maturation sequences of RBC. a 3 i/ b) Enumerate four important hemopoietic growth factors: 2 3. Briefly describe twoe \ 4) common methods of ESR determination. a2 03 \ / Weive Precautions / sources of error in ESR determination. 2 3. \ Give absolute Teference values for neutrophils, Tymphocytes, ap Snocytes and eosinophils. 02 | v |» monorl you diagnese Iron deficiency anemia in lab. 3 93 ow Classify thalassemia. 03 byGive lab diagnosis or beta thalassemia major. 7 02 dy Draw Zosinaphil. Give important Zauses of eosinophilia. 01,01 { | 6) Name stains used for reticulocytes staining. t 03 | 67 Briefly Jescribe principle and pracedure of sudan black 6 staining. |e 1,04 7. ‘Describe principle and procedure of APTT {Activated Partial ‘Toromboplastic Time). 2o EV what are important causes of raised APTT? ' o 4. }f Give an account of anti-globin test (coomb’s test). yo f 9.) | 2) Briefly describe methods of cross matching. i) a ore nrnblems encountered in cross matching? | i cmae LOGY LAB TORY TECHNOLOGY MEDICAL LABOBAT cep SCHEME 7 PROFES2 =" athology thology and CytoP: 2 (Paper II) ‘SEQS) ‘ Time Allowed: 2 Hour’ Max, Marks: 45 Attempt all questions. All questions carry equal marks. ¢ ide. 1 eseribe method for setting up the microscape far examining a sli ( FA cescribe how pH influences the rate of fixation — Qyinen chemicals can be used as clearing agents durin processing? §—~ . Cer : lin, 4 we method of preparation of Harri’s Alum Hematoxylin, ( = Describe Verhal{'s method to stain elastic tissue fibres. ig routine tissue 2) What is the orineiple af PAS reactian for Carbohydrates? 6 } How wall you prepare STHITS reagent for PAS staining? ( “Le ayvimatisa biopsy? a). c 1D) Name different types of biopsies. (eS 0 _-*®_ Detenbe method for Papanicaulaoy's Satin s sbarcauteny ua - ve any five in oe NI 2 ~- Gwe any five points to differentiate between Benign and Malignant cay Se orem Riccamanam: SY (@+Hema — 24 Wat Nor on oAbs Me—> Lim. df afottohealm> gog CAby cyte 2 Dishl M0 7 Sov Okte cbt * Loetis Toate 9 O85 f Meramec a tKg 6 Claw feb: Act Ome > Ostceds 7 Bond, J ‘a HOLT oie ' Luksde ath UMALE [ores ¢ Nag types > Ex thea [yrcten mete 7 Cemprouny CORATORY TECHNOLOGY L REVISED SCHEME {HONS MEDICAL Lt ‘SECOND PRO. ESSIONAI pistotechnology and cytotechnology (Paper II) 7 (SEQs) 2 Hours Time Allowed: wuestions Carry ea a f ved bb Teng 02 A oman enngue used nhs. gracess? 3 a) Wee down ames of st i 03 ure ind ve » 0 sang with tne associated Lntay rove 01 O &kechv€ harclness compatine ore AL C0 + Derydiod po Alechal q 7 Me done + Pecks > hie Nin Congalent cralaing i =o Celhendds wh engl) L Piece Ae, 2 -Forrmalolety Ce © Glorallanyete + eNeal teiate anh tine te Oc?ate re’ ) | Max. Marks: 49 \ Time Mlowed: 2 hours | | ——— a (| 02 | —————__crromle micracytic anemia? | Tay What are the causes of hypochromlc rm 03 a | 3 Mow wilt you diagnose Iron deficiency anemla? | _ 02 Is. | —t ay Entiat five causes of neutrophilic Teucocytos' ta | 2 [R) iligt various cytochemical stains used for the diagnosis of acu! os | | leukemias. distention. On 3] RS5 years old man presents with abdominal \| cxamination he has splenomegaly. His, complete blood counts ia cxamit nib 11g/al, Total leucocyte count 45x20°/! and platelet count lor. Differential counts shows neutrophils 50% iymphocytes 25%, Myclocytes 5%, Metamyelacytes 10%, Blast cei see. basophils 2% and Eosinophils 5%, What Is your most | fikely diagnosis and how will you Investigate this case to confirm | | your diagnosis? avne 4. | A patient presents with renal failure and Backache. X-ray spine | shows lytic lesions. You suspects plasma cell myeloma. a) What feature will you expect to see on this patient peripheral smear? / 01 b) How will you establish your diagnosis? 04 > | Slassity Hodgkin's Lymphoma according to WHO classification. 05 6 |How do you measure haemoglobl | Hecmosloincraniae method? giebin concentratlon by Os How will you manuall chamber? ly count white blood cells in a counting a 0: | | Whatare the hazards of Blood transfusion? (9. | a) How are eryoprecl pitates prepared? b) What fi | ) What factors are present In cryoprecipitates? 0 0 (Cervnen grtecied bongrey a heyf ae eee Aan oe s nits) MELLEL bat Hse tO ID POLES LOT 6 pistopathology and cytopathology (Paper it) (SEQs) 15 Time Allowed: 2 Hours Maw, Modes as mT onrearry equal marks. Aion ifann AIM feations © yotGateup\n a eytolagy laboratory. — io Io mt: dyantages and o 1. 4 Write down the matt aapact (@ vinat in the: bay duadvantages of ria 4. What are tumor marker associated disease, _prlocipla, of frozon section? Enlist a Zen gectigning. = g? Enlist vorlous tumor markers along with thelr - ¢ d microscope? Enlist their qoeteoratet at whet ore the various parts of a compouny Pornye functions brially, oo. Surat ts the purpose of using additives Iv paraffin wax? Enlis parallin wax additives used in tissue processing. yas GL) enor is a Gapynene? How Is It performed fens " Aiceee Ve bey yor tha equipments geaulted In_a_grossing room? How "Wait “you jiare 10a formalin solution? 03,0 oe a Why we_need to fix surgical specimens? Name various types of fixatives. with exatipiles of each 02,0 What is decateificatton? fame the commonly ured deesetying anents 77 \ . Cagyty Moers? 1 teids Yee ' wsee,\ Nefrene Cut Plow 7 Wo Steyoh ( pepe Cot (UeCK qoute J 2- Cheer 15. (ron pee AUF A= RAR Jot protected Unleersty of sate Ghat A we on + a Fre irs Histo Chow Cty 1 < Z Aim Gy tntely 8 Dk Que *et, 7 shot 1s Guy ake? how a. TY ay “) [poe Cetemn 2 woe oe AG SlTPA patient in the emergency room has LLABORATO Ni Clinical Micropiology (Elective) (Short Essay Questions) [nna] Max, Marks: 45 Time Allowed: 2 HOURS Attempt ALL Questions. ; S-em_ ulcer on her leg that 1s surrounded by a red, warm, and tender area of Inflammation. You doa Gram stain on pus from the ulcer and see Gram positive cocel In chains. Culture of the pus grows small B-hemolytic colonies that are catalase-negative and are Inhibited by bacitracin. b) Draw Life cycte of H, nani TR AT ‘{ What Is the most likely causative organism? a b) What are Virulence Factors of this organism? 02 ©} Give Lab diagnosis of this organism. 02 3%] Write down the Koch's Postulates regarding pathogenesis of Infectious diseases. os 3p _| ®F Write down genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance among wv bacteria, 02 Write the Non genetic mechanisms of antimlcrablal resistance among bacteria, 03 Discuss Lab diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, os Diarrhea outbreak reported from a boys" hostel, Students complain of Flce watery dots, On culture ef stoal, yellow colonies were grawn on TCOS agar. J, What Is the most likely organism? a1 Discuss mechanism of actian of Its toxin. 02 Discuss Its tab diagnosis. 02 WY Describe Chemical agents used for Sterilization & Disinfection, 35 | V |bx’Describe physical and biological Indicators used for autoclave monitoring. 2s A Js 7. | wi Name tires Sugars and Indicator present In Triple sugar iron (#51), 02 v/_| BY Miite down names of sugar fermented In case of following reactions on - cry be ‘Sugar Fermented |“ Alkaline (Rea) z 2 Acidic {Yel a ? > cee ee ee | —— 8,77 | Classify medically important Fungi; 7 os O- | ay Name Intestinal protozoa’s Sea = ies