What is Euro debt Crisis?

Brief History
Causes for the Crisis
Remedial Actions
Impact on Indian Economy
Conclusions
This is also known as Eurozone sovereign debt crisis

The term indicates the financial woes caused due to overspending by

some European countries

When a nation lives beyond its means by borrowing heavily and spending
freely, there comes a point when it cannot manage its financial situation.

It is unable to repay its debts and lenders start demanding higher

interest rates, the cornered nation begins to get swallowed up by what is
known as the Sovereign Debt Crisis
The actual beginning is how the European Union (EU) began in 1992 where
27 European nations "agreed to form an alliance that could compete
economically with larger nations such as the US". This is what created the
currency of the euro which was adopted in 16 December 1995.

Members of the European Union signed the Maastricht Treaty, under which
they pledged to limit their deficit spending and debt levels.

However, in the early 2000, a number of EU member states were failing to

stay within the confines of the Maastricht criteria. These violations marked
the beginning Euro debt crisis.

Greece had experienced corruption and spending as its government

continued borrowing money despite not being able to produce sufficient
income through work and goods.

Spain, Portugal, and the other nations later followed Greece with alarming
levels of debt on their economies.
COUNTRIES STATISTICS
France Debt/G.D.P: 81.7%
Unemployment. Oct 2011: 9.8%
S&P Rating: AAA

Germany Debt/G.D.P: 83.2%

Unemployment. Oct 2011: 5.5%
S&P Rating: AAA

Greece Debt/G.D.P: 142.8%

Unemployment. July 2011: 18.3%
S&P Rating: CC

Italy Debt/G.D.P: 119%

Unemployment. Oct 2011: 8.5%
S&P Rating: A

Portugal Debt/G.D.P: 93%

Unemployment. Oct 2011: 12.9%
S&P Rating: BBB-

Spain Debt/G.D.P: 60.1%

Unemployment. Oct 2011: 22.8%
S&P Rating: AA
Countries with originally weak currencies
(and higher interest rates) suddenly enjoyed
much more favorable credit terms, which
spurred private and government spending
and led to an economic boom.
Almost all the countries in Eurozone have trade deficits.

A trade deficit is when imports exceed exports. Trade deficits

have goods and services components. A country that is a net
importer of goods and services must borrow capital to fund
this activity.

Germany has a significant trade surplus, meaning it is a net

exporter.
After failing to payback the huge debts the
interest rates to repay rose significantly and
swallowed the weaker economies in
eurozone,further burdening their current
situation.
Emergency loans have been extended as bailouts mainly by
stronger economies like France and Germany, as also by the IMF.

ECB provides 500 Euro loans at very low interest rates to

struggling banks.

The EU member states have also created the European Financial

Stability Facility (EFSF) to provide emergency loans.

Restructuring of the debt

Austerity measures have been enforced.

Lowered the market sentiments due to decrease in
confidence levels

Decline in trade

Could lead to rise in unemployment

Lower FDI and FII