1

2
 Iliotibial tract: Pelvic Stabilization & Posture Control
• Fascia Lata: Deep fascia of thigh
• encloses thigh muscles & forms outer limit of fascial compartments of thigh
• internally separated by intermuscular septa.
3
4
5
6
 Trendelenburg sign
• Muscle is unable to work
efficiently due to pain, poor
mechanics or weakness
• Pelvis will drop on the opposite
side to the weakness
• Trunk compensation is often
observed with a Trendelenburg
gait.

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
 Sciatic nerve lies on Quadratus
femoris & Adductor magnus Between
thin borders of these two muscles, the
nerve lies for a short distance on the
femur.
When a person sits on the edge of a hard
table/chair, the nerve gets compressed
between the edge of table and femur.
results in numbness of lower limb But the
sensations come back when foot is hit
on the ground a few times & is called
Sleeping foot

Sciatica
• refers to pain that radiates along path of sciatic nerve
• branches from lower back through hips & buttocks & down of each leg.
Typically, sciatica affects only one side of your body.
24
25
26
27
28
Hip Joints

29
 Hip joints

ØType
ØArticular surfaces
ØLigaments
ØBlood supply
ØNerve supply
ØMovements
ØApplied anatomy

• Multi-axial
• Ball & socket variety of synovial joint
Articular surfaces
• Head of femur & Acetabulum of hip bone 30
31
 Ligaments of hip joint:
Capsular ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischio-femoral ligament
Ligament of head of femur
Acetabular labrum &
Transverse acetabular ligament32
Ligaments of hip joint:
Capsular ligament
Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament
Ligament of head of femur
Acetabular labrum & Transverse acetabular ligament 33
Relations

34
Articular arteries are branches from the Nerve Supply:
i. Obturator Artery • Femoral nerve
ii. Medial Circumflex Femoral artery • Obturator nerve
iii. Superior & Inferior Gluteal arteries • Sciatic nerves &
They forms Cruciate & Trochanteric anastomoses • Nerve to Quadratus femoris

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE: Deep inguinal nodes & Internal iliac nodes.

35
• Most Mobile joint in lower limb • Capable of:
• Second largest range of movement Flexion & Extension
(second only to the shoulder)
• supports weight of body, arms &
Abduction & Adduction
head. Medial & Lateral rotation
Circumduction
36
KNEE JOINTS

37
• Large & most complicated joint in body
Type: Condylar & Modified Hinge joint
Articulation
Above: two condyles of femur
Below: two condyles of tibia
In front: Patella

Ligaments
Extracapsular
Ligamentum patellae
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate ligament
38
 Intracapsular
Anterior Cruciate ligament Transverse (intermeniscal) ligament
Posterior Cruciate ligament Coronary ligament
Medial meniscus Menisco-femoral ligament
Lateral Meniscus 39
40
 Cruciate ligaments: X-shaped
Anterior cruciate ligaments & Posterior cruciate ligament
41
 Menisco-femoral ligament:
Anterior MFL (ligament of Humphery) passes anterior to posterior cruciate ligament.
Posterior MFL (ligament of Wrisberg) passes behind posterior cruciate
Regulates the forward movement of the lateral meniscus during extension of the knee
42
 Menisci (semilunar cartilage)
• Fibrocartilaginous C-shaped cartilages
• Divides joint cavity into 2- compartments
Flexion & extension of knee joint take place in Upper compartment
Rotation takes place in Lower compartment
Each meniscus has: Two ends, Two boarder, Two surface 43
Relations

44
Blood supply: anastomoses around the knee.
•Five genicular branches of Popliteal artery.
•Descending branch of Femoral artery
•Descending branch of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
•Two recurrent branches of Ant. Tibial art.
•Circumflex fibular branch of Post. Tibial art. 45
Hilton’s Law:????
§ Femoral nerve through nerve to the three vasti muscles
§ Genicular branches of Tibial & Common peroneal nerve
§ Posterior division of Obturator Nerve
§ L3,L4 ( extension), L5,S1 ( Flexion)

46
47
What are the other joints
present in lower limb???

48