A ° 00. Neorealism v/s Realism © Eauseeker Difference: > Human nature is not important for neorealism, it does not focus on human nature to build its theory > Ethics of statescraft and diplomacy is less important > Structure determines state leaders action Similarity: > Both believe that states are important actors > Both believe that there is anarchy at international system > Thus Survival and self-help is more importantSie tee Crt Thomas Schelling The Strategy of Conflict (1960) > It focuses on foreign policy decision making » State leaders think strategically i.e. logically to deal with diplomatic and military issues >» It deals with how to employ power to get our enemy to do what we desire, without using brute force > There is difference between brute force and coercion > Brute force succeeds when it is used, coercion is when power is held in reserve >» Coercion requires finding a bargain, our interest and our opponent’s are not absolutely opposedSd atte eC Kenneth Waltz The Theory of International Politics (1979) > Independent states exist in a system of international anarchy > States are alike, perform similar functions i.e. collect taxes, conduct foreign policy etc. > State differ in capabilities i.e. power > Structure of a system changes with changes in distribution of capabilities > In other words, international change occurs when great powers rise and fall and BOP shifts accordinglyStructural Realism Kenneth Waltz > He argues that structures are more important than leaders > Structures more or less determine actions of leaders, they have little choice > They must operate according to international structure > Structure of international system is determined by great powers » Bipolar system- more stable (cold war)- provides guarantee of peace and security than multipolarStructural Realism Kenneth Waltz > > He argues that structures are more important than leaders Structures more or less determine actions of leaders, they have little choice They must operate according to international structure Structure of international system is determined by great powers Bipolar system- more stable (cold war)- provides guarantee of peace and security than multipolar Two great powers maintain the system to maintain themselvesES EduSeeker John Mearsheimer > He regards Watlz’s realism as because it recognizes that state seek power in order to be secure and survive > State does not excessive power beyond its survival > He calls his realism as > It rests on the assumption that great powers ‘are always searching for opportunities to gain power over their rivals, with hegemony as their final goal’