8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Type of Electric Circuits and
Functions of Electrical
Safety Devices
Subject Area – Grade Level
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Debie-an E. Plana/ Villa M. Fuentes
Editors: Ely Bobbylord C. Alamin/ Marlene C. Gevero
Reviewers: Nerissa A. Alfafara
Illustrator: Debie-an E. Plana
Layout Artist: Lourabelle B. Sibuco
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, Science
Juliet F. Lastimosa - CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo - Division EPS In- Charge of LRMS
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Introductory Message
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the type of electric circuits. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel
connections in homes. (S8FE-li-32).
• explain the function of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double
insulation, and other safety devices in the home (S8FE-li-33).
and, specifically you are to:

1. Construct parallel and series connection.

2. Compare parallel connection and series connection.
3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel connections
in the homes.
4. describe short circuit, overloading and its effect;
5. identify common electrical safety devices used in the home;
6. explain the functions of circuit breaker, fuse, earthing, double insulation and
other safety devices in the home .

Do you want to know more about electrical circuit? Are you excited to
construct a parallel and series connection and examine their characteristics? If
you want to wrap your head around the concept of electricity, you need to know
about the types of electric circuits and how they work. So, let’s get started!

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the name of this part that opens and closes an electric circuit?
A. a load B. a wire C. a switch D. a power source
2. What is the circuit symbol for load?
A.
3. What are the three parts of electric circuit?

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 A. a track, a loop, and a battery
B. a conductor, an insulator, and wires
C. a conductor, an energy source, and a load
D. a power plant, chemical energy, and mechanical energy
4. Two bulbs are connected and plugged to the outlet as shown in the figure.
Both bulbs have the same _______.
A. current C. resistance
B. voltage D. voltage and current
5. When a third bulb is added to the connection in no.4,
what happens to the
intensity and brightness of the bulbs?
A. zero B. decreases C. increases D. remains the same
6. What type of electric circuit has multiple paths for current to take?
A. series circuit C. static circuit
B. short circuit D. parallel circuit
7. Which of these situations is like a broken series circuit?
A. A string of Christmas lights is all lit up.
B. One lightbulb burns out and they all turn off.
C. The floor lamp stops working but the ceiling light stays on.
D. All the lights in the house are working, but the lights are dim.
8. What happens to the intensity or the brightness of the lamps connected in
series as more and more lamps are added?
A. increases C. remains the same
B. decreases D. cannot be predicted

9. In the given circuit, which two elements are

connected parallel to each other?
A. A and B C. C and D
B. B and C D. A and D
10. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a series circuit?
A. It requires the use of a lot of wires.
B. We cannot increase or multiply the voltage in a parallel circuit.
C. The more devices in a series circuit, the less current passes through.
D. It fails at the time when it is required to pass exactly the same
amount of current through the units.
11. How do the appliances in your home are arranged?
A. Series, so that the current in all branches of the circuit is constant.
B. Parallel, so that the current in all branches of the circuit is constant
C. Series, so when one appliance blows a fuse the rest continue to work.
D. Parallel, so when one appliance stops working the rest continue to
work.
12. Which of the following statement/s is/are advantage/s of a parallel circuit?
I. Every unit that is connected gets an equal amount of voltage.
II. It is easy to connect or disconnect a new element without affecting the
working of other elements.
III. Additional power sources, like batteries, can be added and increase the
force of the output which grants you more power.
IV. Simple and easy to make same.

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 A. I and II B. III and IV C. I and III D. II and IV
13. When does overloading of the circuit occur?
A. when the current in the circuit is enough in wire’s current rating
B. when the current in the circuit exceeds the wire’s current rating
C. when the current in the circuit doesn’t exceeds the wire’s current rating
D. when the current in the circuit is less than the wire’s current rating.
14. Which of the following electrical devices ensures that if the live wire frays or
connects to the outer case of the appliance, it will not conduct, thus protecting
the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any possibility
of the external casing becoming live?
A. circuit breaker
B. double insulation
C. earth ground
D. fuse
15. Which of the following statements is NOT considered as safety practice in
using electrical outlet?
A. overloading outlet with too many appliances
B. electrical outlets are used away from the water
C. electrical outlets are free from damages or cracks
D. electrical outlets have tamper resistant receptacle to protect the
children

Please check your answers at the answer key section.

Lesson

8 Physics: Types of Circuits

The benefits that we derive from electricity are brought about not by the
fundamental charge alone but also by the control of the flow of electrons through
different materials or media. Almost, if not all, appliances involve the control of the
flow of electrons. This tells us that for electricity to be useful, there needs to be a
proper path for electrons to move. We use electric circuits for thousands of different
things from cars to computers. In our homes, we can have many electrical devices
on at any one time. How is this possible? What do circuits in our homes look like?

In this lesson, you will learn about the two kinds of circuits, called series
circuits and parallel circuits.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned that electric current is a measure of
the number of electrical charges passing through a cross-section of a conductor in a
given time. You have also understood voltage is the difference potential energy of

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charged particles. The battery supplies the energy in electric circuits. When electric
charges flow through the wires and loads of the circuits, they encounter resistance
or a hindrance to their movement. So, another factor that resist the flow of charges
or current is resistance. You have also use different electrical parts to build a circuit.

Let us see if you still remember the components of electric circuit. Your task
is to complete the table by matching the images with their symbol, name and
function. Good luck!

Activity 1: COMPLETE ME!!

A. Match and Fill the table: Match column of Circuit Parts with the symbol, name
and the function of the electrical components. Draw the symbol and write the name
and the letter of the components from the provided information.

FUNCTION
DRAW WHAT’S WHAT’S
MY MY MY
CIRCUIT PARTS SYMBOL NAME? LETTER?
A safe power source A

1.
Two cells used together B
to make a more
2. powerful power source

A component which
3. C
lights up when
electricity passes
through it in a circuit
4
Part of a circuit which can
easily be opened or closed D
to control the flow of
5 electric current

Plastic-coated electrical
wire which conducts E
electricity around a
circuit

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 Heads Up
There are two types of electric circuits, parallel and series circuits.
Parallel circuit is an electric circuit with two or more components
connected across two common points to allow separate conducting paths
while series circuit is an electric circuit with several components
arranged to allow current to flow through one single path.

What a good memory! Knowing these components is halfway in mastering the

concept. Are you willing to know more about circuit? Fasten your seatbelt and ride
with the electric charges to explore the two types of circuit: series and parallel circuit.

What’s New

ACTIVITY 2 V.1: What’s the connection? (WITH VOLTMETER)

(adapted from Science 8 Learner’s Materials)
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. connect loads in different ways and
2. explain the similarities and differences between the circuit connections.
Materials Needed:
For Circuit A: For Circuit B:
3 connecting wires 4 connecting wires
2 identical bulbs with holder 2 identical bulbs with holder
2 dry cells with holder 2 dry cells with holder
voltmeter for both circuits
Procedure:
CIRCUIT A
1. Construct a circuit using three connecting wires, two identical bulbs and
two batteries such that when one bulb is unscrewed the other bulb goes out
also. Once you’re done with the task, disconnect the battery from the circuit.
2. Draw your setup. Label this Circuit A.
3. Trace the paths of current in Circuit A.

Q13. How many path/s of current are there in the circuit? _______________

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 Q14. Why did the other bulb go out also when you unscrewed the other?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

CIRCUIT B
4. This time construct a circuit using four connecting wires, two identical bulbs
and two batteries such that when one bulb is unscrewed, the other bulb
remains lighted. Once you’re done with the task, disconnect the battery from
the circuit.
5. Draw your setup. Label this Circuit B.
6. Trace the path of current in Circuit B

Q15. How many paths can the current take in Circuit B? _________________
Q16. Explain why the other bulb remains lighted when you unscrewed one of
them.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

7. Put Circuits A and B side by side. Observe the brightness of the bulbs.
Q17. Which circuit has brighter bulbs, A or B? ___________________________

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 Q18. Based on the brightness of the bulbs, compare the current in Circuit A
and in Circuit B?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Measure the voltage across the two bulbs as well as the voltage across each
bulb in Circuit A. Record your readings in Table 3. Do the same in Circuit B.

Table 3
Circuit Voltage drop (V) Voltage across the two
Bulb 1 Bulb 2 bulbs (V)
A
B

ACTIVITY 2 V.2: The Electrical Connections! (NO VOLTMETER?

(adapted from Division Training for Teachers Grade 8 Science)

Activity 3A
Given the following materials,
2 - 2.2 V light bulb with holder
2 - 1.5 V dry cell ,
3 connecting wires w/ alligator clips
Procedure:
Construct a circuit such that if you unscrew one bulb, the other bulb will not light.
Note the brightness of the bulbs before you unscrew one bulb.
Draw a schematic diagram of your circuit. Label this as Circuit A.
Activity 3B
Given the following materials,
2 - 2.2 V light bulb with holder
2 - 1.5 V dry cell
4 connecting wires w/ alligator clips
Procedure:
Construct a circuit such that if you unscrew one bulb, the other bulb will remain
lit. Note the brightness of the bulbs before you unscrew one bulb.

Point of Comparison Circuit A Circuit B

1. When one bulb is unscrewed, what

happens to the other bulb?

2. How are the bulbs connected to the

dry cell
3.Describe the brightness of the bulbs
in each circuit

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How many pathways are there in Circuit A?
2. What do you call circuit A?
3. How many pathways are there in Circuit B?
4. What do you call circuit B?

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 What is It

Great job! A simple circuit consists of three elements: a source of electricity

(battery), a path or conductor on which electricity flows (wire) and an electrical
resistor (lamp) which is any device that requires electricity to operate. A switch is
used to control the flow of electric current.

When you TURN ON the switch, the circuit is said

to be closed thus current can freely flow. This in turn light
SWITCH ON up the bulb. It happened because there is no break within
(CLOSE the path.
CIRCUIT)
However, when you TURN OFF the switch, the bulb
would not light because there is a break within the circuit
hence electricity cannot flow. This is called an open circuit.
SWITCH OFF
Loosening or disconnecting the bulb will also open the
circuit so electric cannot flow. The electric circuit
(OPEN CIRCUIT)
demonstrated by the combination of battery, light bulb and
wires.
Figure 4

In a series circuit the current can only take one path. All the current flows
through every part of the circuit. All the circuits you have studied so far have been
series circuits. In a parallel circuit the current can take more than one path. Parallel
circuits have at least one branch where the current can split up.

Circuit A Circuit B

Figure 5 Figure 6
For Circuit A (figure 5), the bulbs are connected in series, while in Circuit B
(figure 6), the bulbs are connected in parallel. Series and parallel connections are
the two ways of wiring loads. In a series connection, Circuit A has only one path for
the current. In a parallel connection (Circuit B) the current from the battery branched
out into two paths. Hence the current can take the path through Bulb 1 and the path
through Bulb 2.

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 When one bulb is unscrewed or
removed or goes bad in the series
connection, a gap is created. A gap or a
break anywhere in the path stops the flow
of charges and therefore no current passes
through to the other bulb. Thus, all bulbs GAP
will not light up. That is why it is very
difficult to find the bad bulb to replace it
because all the lights are out. Figure 7

However, for parallel circuit, each bulb has its own path for current,
independent of the others. If one bulb fails, the others will still light. The bad bulb is
easy to spot and replace.
In series connection, the resistance increases
with the number of bulbs added in the circuit. The
total resistance in the circuit is the sum of the
resistance offered by each bulb. As resistance
increases current decreases. The lesser the current
flowing the dimmer the light. As each charge moves
through the circuit, some energy is transformed into
light by each bulb. That means that after every bulb,
the energy must be lower. As you can see the lower
energy as a drop-in voltage, meaning the lesser the
voltage drops the dimmer the light from the bulb
Figure 8 compare to the previous bulb.
On the other hand, Circuit B has 2 bulbs which are connected in parallel. You
observed that the voltage across each bulb is almost equal to the voltage of the two
dry cells, indicating that the voltage anywhere in the circuit is the same. However,
when the brightness of the bulbs in Circuit B is compared to that of the bulbs in
Circuit A, those of Circuit B were brighter than those of A. This means the current
in B is greater than the current in A. Since the voltage in A and B are the same (2
dry cells), the greater current in B indicates that the total resistance of Circuit B is
less than the total resistance of Circuit A.
We can infer that when loads (bulbs) are connected in parallel, the total
resistance of the circuit decreases; when the loads are connected in series, the total
resistance increases.
Why it is series circuit has dimmer light compare to parallel? Think about it
this way, as the electricity moves through the wire and gets to the first bulb, it doesn’t
move easily the bulb slows it down. Now the electricity cannot move that easily
through the bulb B so it is dimmer. For parallel circuit, the electricity moves to this
light bulb back to the battery. We also have electricity that through the next wire to
the second bulb and to other part of the wire then back to the battery. Electricity
moves easily in the different path.

Table 4 compares the total current, total voltage and total resistance of series
and parallel circuits.

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 Series connection Parallel connection

Total current Same as current in individual load Equal to the sum of current
in individual loads

Total voltage Equal to the sum of the voltages Same anywhere across two
across each load points in the circuit

Total Increases with increasing load Decreases with increasing

resistance load

Remember these:
Parallel circuit is an electric circuit with two or more components
connected across two common points to allow separate conducting paths while series
circuit is an electric circuit with several components arranged to allow current to
flow through one single path.

In the parallel circuit, the total current is equal to the sum of the current
in individual loads. This is because the charges can flow in different path inside the
circuit. Voltage is the same across each component that’s why bulbs have the
brightness in this circuit. Another feature of parallel connection is as we increase the
loads, resistance decreases. By adding loads such as bulb, we are providing more
paths in which charges can flow.

Appliances in our home are connected through parallel connection. This is

because in this type of circuit every unit is provided with an equal amount of voltage.
This connection is easy to connect or disconnect a new element without affecting the
other working parts. It is like plugging in or out your cellphone charger. Another
advantage of a parallel circuit is if any fault happened to the circuit, then the current
can pass through the circuit through different paths. Parallel circuits also have
disadvantages. One of these is it requires the use of a lot of wire. Unlike in series, we
cannot increase the voltage in a parallel.

In a series circuit, each load has the same current since it travels in one
path. The total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages across each load, meaning
each device has a different voltage. In this type of connection, resistance increases
as we increase the number of loads. One advantage of a series circuit is you can
increase the voltage by adding power source (batteries) to increase the force of the
output which grants you more power. Series is also easy to simple and easy to make
or design. However, unlike parallel circuit, adding more devices in a series will lessen
the current passing through the circuit. Since current only flow in one path, if one
device or load breaks the entire series is turned off.

At this point, you are already very familiar in constructing a circuit and the
characteristics of series and parallel circuit. Now let us check your artistic ability.

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 What’s More
From the previous discussion, try answering the guide questions below.
A B
A.1. How many pathway/s do we have?
A:________ B:_________
A.2.What type of connection?
______________________________________
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How would you describe the
brightness of the bulbs change as we add
more in series?
______________________________________
2. What does this imply about the
current in the series circuit?
______________________________________
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. Observe the electrical wiring below. Indicate whether the connections are
series or parallel. Explain your choice.
:
DIAGRAM A
Connection:
________________________________
Explain:
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
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C D
B.1. How many pathway/s do we
have?
C:_____________ D:______________
B.2.What type of connection?
______________________________
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
3. How would you describe the
brightness of the bulbs in parallel
connection?
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
_
DIAGRAM B
Connection:
________________________________
Explain:
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
 What I Have Learned

Have you ever encountered problems with your Christmas lights at home like
when the bulbs do not glow anymore because of only one busted bulb? But why are
Christmas lights connected in series, anyway, if that is a problem?
What happen to the light bulbs in a Christmas light if one bulb blows?

Q1. Which person has the correct assumption? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Would it be better to have the lights on a Christmas tree in series or parallel?
Why?____________________________________________________________________________
Based on the illustration answer the Guide Questions:

Q3. Are the appliances in your house connected-up in series or parallel? How can
you tell? ___________________________________________________________________
Q4. What are the advantages of having a parallel connection for the appliances at
home? ____________________________________________________________________
Q5. If appliances were connected through series circuits, what could possibly
happen? ________________________________________________________________________

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Q6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel circuits?
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

You learned about the relationships of the three quantities of electricity and
the electrical connections. Relating the concept of electrical connections in our daily
activities, we can also say that utilizing electricity in our home, school or in any
establishments make our life easier & convenient.

But let us ponder and think of these questions: How can electricity bring a
hazardous effect to us? Do any members of your family have a bad experience with
electricity? Have you seen disastrous incidents in your community due to problems
or poor conditions of electrical connections? What electric safety devices and
practices should be used to protect you and your family from the hazard?
Short circuits happen when wires with defective rubber insulation touch each
other so the current does not pass to the supposed path it should take. It is a
circuit where the current encounters very little resistance and therefore the
amount of current will increase rapidly. Such increase in the amount of current
leads to the overloading of the circuit and can lead to fires.

Overloading of the circuit occurs when the current passing is more than what
the wires can carry, causing the wire to heat up. Fires can happen when wires start
heating up causing combustible parts of the house to be set on fire. The wires heat
up when there is too much current because the electrons that flow in a closed circuit
collide with the atoms of the conducting wire and as the collisions take place the
kinetic energy of the metal atoms increases. The increased kinetic energy of the
atoms is dissipated as heat. In the end the wire will become hot. An example of how
the circuit gets overloaded is by plugging a lot of appliances in a common outlet like
an extension cord and the presence of short circuits.

To avoid short circuit, overloading and misused of electrical connections,

proper usage and utilization of electrical safety devices and application of some
safety practices should be considered for the safety of the homes. The electrical
devices could prevent fires and other hazardous effects in the homes.

The following are the common electrical safety devices and practices with their
functions that are commonly used and applied in the homes:
• Circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch design to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a
fault is detected.

• Fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent

protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or
strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or

16
 interrupting the current. Fuses are there to protect appliances from electric
power surges and overheating.

• Earthing or electrical earthing is the process of transferring the Immediate

discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low
resistance wire. It is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the
equipment or neutral of the supply system to the ground. The primary purpose
of earthing is to avoid or minimize the danger of electrocution, fire due to earth
leakage of current through undesired path and to ensure that the potential of
a current carrying conductor does not rise with respect to the earth than its
designed insulation.

• Double insulation is done when the cables themselves have twin plastic
layers or the appliance itself has an extra layer of plastic on the outside of the
case. This ensures that if the live wire frays or connects to the outer case of
the appliance it will not conduct. Double insulation protects the user of the
appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any possibility of the external
casing becoming live (the live wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside
become loose), thus eliminating the need for an earth connection.

• Tamper resistant receptacle commonly known as TRR, can help protect from
electrical shock, injury, or even death. They were originally constructed to
create a permanent solution for children who tamper with outlets. Each TRR
outlet has an internal shutter that blocks foreign objects from being inserted
into the outlet. The shutter remains closed when foreign objects are inserted,
and only opens when a two–prong electrical plug is inserted.

• Electrical insulators are a material whose internal electric charges do not

flow freely; very little electric current will flow through it under the influence
of an electric field. The insulators used to support and separate electrical
conductors and they are rated depending on the nominal voltage they are
going to isolate. Insulators are important to keep us safe from human shock
and electrocution hazards.

Other safety practices to be considered in the homes are the proper utilization
of connecting wires, cords and plugging of appliances at home.

• In designing electrical installations at home, engineers estimate the current

requirements of appliances and electrical devices the owner intends to use
and make these as the basis for selecting the appropriate size of wire in wiring
the house.

• Avoid overloading outlets with too many appliances or avoid octopus wiring
and unplug appliances when not in use. Electrical appliances that get hot
are kept away from things that could burn. Outlets should be used away from
water.

• Electrical cords should run safely (not damaged or no exposed wire) and do
not use if the cords are cracked or damaged.

Let us now find out your learnings on the concept of the Functions of Electrical
Safety Devices and Practices by answering the next activity.

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 Activity 3: Stay Safe! Protect your Home!
Look at the figure below and consider the information given and answer the
questions

The current that a wire of given diameter can safely carry is indicated by its
current rating. When the current in the circuit exceeds the wire’s current rating, an
overload of the circuit occurs. Overloading can also generate a lot of heat in the
wire that can cause a fire outbreak.

In designing electrical installations, engineers estimate the current

requirements of appliances and electrical devices the owner intends to use and make
these as the basis for selecting the appropriate size of wire in wiring the house.

When there are too many appliances plugged into one outlet (also called
octopus wiring) the loads are effectively connected in parallel and overloading may
also occur.

Q1. What happens to the total resistance of the circuit when more and more
appliances are plugged /connected to one outlet?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What happens to the total current?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Q3. Explain why overloading a circuit can start a fire?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q4. What safety practices you should consider in:
a. installation of wiring at home?

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 _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
b. plugging of appliances in the outlet at home?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY No.4 : Electrical Safety Check at Home!

I. Objectives
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. identify common electrical safety devices & safety practices used/applied in
your homes;
2. explain how the common electrical safety devices and safety practices that
are commonly used/applied protect the homes and owners’ lives; and
3. describe if short circuit and overloading possibly occurred in your homes
based on the result of your inventory check.
II. Procedure
1. Using the checklist provided below, ask your parents to help you make an
inventory and inspect your home.

2. Check the appropriate column based on your checkup inventory.

If you see your devices are free from hazard or the said safety practice
is applied at home check “In good condition”. If you find hazard or unsafe
condition item, check In poor condition” and if you found out that the device
or that safety practice is not utilized/applied at home, check “None”.

3. Then ask your parents to correct the hazards or do something for its
availability.

Table 1: Inventory Check of Electrical Safety Devices & Practices at Home

Electrical Safety Devices & Rule In good In poor None
condition condition
1. Circuit breaker or / and fuse is
safely installed at the wall.
2. Earthing is utilized.
3. Double insulation is utilized.
4.Tamper resistant receptacle or
safety caps are placed in outlets to
protect the toddlers.
5. Electrical cords, outlets and
appliances are placed away from
water.
6. Outlets are plugged properly (no
octopus wiring)

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 7. Electrical cords are free from
hazard (no damaged or no exposed
wire are found in the cords)
8. Electrical appliances that
produce heat or get hot are placed
safely ( not affecting other things).
9. Appliances and other electrical
gadgets are unplugged from their
outlet when not in use.
10. Extension wires used are
appropriate in diameter that can
safely carry currents rating.

Part II
I. What electrical conditions are described in each situation shown below ?
What will be their hazardous effect?
Situation 1 1. Electrical condition:
______________________________________
______________________________________
2. Hazardous Effect:
______________________________________
______________________________________

Situation 2 3. Electrical condition:

______________________________________
______________________________________
4. Hazardous Effect:
______________________________________
______________________________________

II. Identify what electrical safety devices shown in the picture below. Then
explain briefly how these devices protect the circuit in the home or the
user. Write your answer in the space provided to complete the sentence.

5. Electrical safety device:

______________________________________
______________________________________
6. It can provide electric circuit from:
______________________________________
______________________________________

7. Electrical safety device:

______________________________________
______________________________________
8. It can provide electric circuit from:
______________________________________
______________________________________

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III. Read each statement and tell if it is safe or unsafe?

____________1. There is an octopus wiring in the outlet.

____________2. Plugging of appliances even when not in use.
____________3. Electrical outlets are kept away from water.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the name of this part that opens and closes an electric circuit?
A. a load B. a wire C. a switch D. a power source
2. What is the circuit symbol for load?
A. B C. D
3. What are the three parts of electric circuit?
A. a track, a loop, and a battery
B. a conductor, an insulator, and wires
C. a conductor, an energy source, and a load
D. a power plant, chemical energy, and mechanical energy
4. Two bulbs are connected and plugged to the outlet as shown in the figure.
Both bulbs have the same _______.
A. current C. resistance
B. voltage D. voltage and current
5. When a third bulb is added to the connection in no.4,
what happens to the
intensity and brightness of the bulbs?
A. zero B. decreases C. increases D. remains the same
6. What type of electric circuit has multiple paths for current to take?
A. series circuit C. static circuit
B. short circuit D. parallel circuit
7. Which of these situations is like a broken series circuit?
A. A string of Christmas lights is all lit up.
B. One lightbulb burns out and they all turn off.
C. The floor lamp stops working but the ceiling light stays on.
D. All the lights in the house are working, but the lights are dim.
8. What happens to the intensity or the brightness of the lamps connected in
series as more and more lamps are added?
A. increases C. remains the same
B. decreases D. cannot be predicted

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 9. In the given circuit, which two elements are
connected parallel to each other?
A. A and B C. C and D
B. B and C D. A and D
10. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a series circuit?
A. It requires the use of a lot of wires.
B. We cannot increase or multiply the voltage in a parallel circuit.
C. The more devices in a series circuit, the less current passes through.
D. It fails at the time when it is required to pass exactly the same
amount of current through the units.
11. How do the appliances in your home are arranged?
A. Series, so that the current in all branches of the circuit is constant.
B. Parallel, so that the current in all branches of the circuit is constant
C. Series, so when one appliance blows a fuse the rest continue to work.
D. Parallel, so when one appliance stops working the rest continue to
work.
12. Which of the following statement/s is/are advantage/s of a parallel circuit?

I. Every unit that is connected gets an equal amount of voltage.

II. It is easy to connect or disconnect a new element without affecting the working of
other elements.
III. Additional power sources, like batteries, can be added and increase the force of
the output which grants you more power.
IV. Simple and easy to make same.

A. I and II B. III and IV C. I and III D. II and IV

13. When does overloading of the circuit occur?
A. when the current in the circuit is enough in wire’s current rating
B. when the current in the circuit exceeds the wire’s current rating
C. when the current in the circuit doesn’t exceeds the wire’s current rating
D. when the current in the circuit is less than the wire’s current rating.
14. Which of the following electrical devices ensures that if the live wire frays or
connects to the outer case of the appliance, it will not conduct, thus protecting
the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any possibility
of the external casing becoming live?
A. circuit breaker
B. double insulation
C. earth ground
D. fuse
15. Which of the following statements is NOT considered as safety practice in
using electrical outlet?
A. overloading outlet with too many appliances
B. electrical outlets are used away from the water
C. electrical outlets are free from damages or cracks
D. electrical outlets have tamper resistant receptacle to protect the
children

Please check your answers against the answer key at the back.

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 Additional Activities

You finally did it! I know you’ve learned many things about electrical safety
devices. For your additional activities, try to complete the sentence about your
learning by filling in with answers the spaces provided.

1. I learned that short circuit and overloading can …

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. I learned that the common electrical safety devices used in the homes are …
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. I learned that the electrical safety devices help …

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Congratulations! You did an amazing learning journey!

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 24
What I have Learned
What’s New
Answers may vary. It depends upon the answer of the
What’s More ACTIVITY 2 V.2: The Electrical
learners
Connections! (NO VOLTMETER)
A.1. A: one path B: one path Point of Circuit Circuit
Comparison A B
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. When one The The
bulb is
1. As more bulbs are added, the brightness of each bulb other other
gradually decreases. unscrewed, bulb bulb
what happens went remaine
2. The current within the circuit is decreasing.
to the other out d lit up
GUIDE QUESTION:
bulb?
B.1. C. two paths D: three paths
2. How are the Series Parallel
3. The bulbs have the same brightness bulbs connected
to the dry cell
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.Describe the Less Brighter
1. Diagram A brightness of brighter than A
PARALLEL the bulbs in than B
There is a branching location in the circuit that allows each circuit
for more than one pathway by which charge can flow 1. One
through the external circuit. 2. Series
2. Diagram B 3. Two
SERIES 4. Parallel
There is no branching in the circuit that is no location
where one wire leads into a point and branches off
into two or more wires at that particular point.
What’s New What’s In What I
ACTIVITY 2 V.1: The Activity 1 Complete Me! know
Electrical Connections! (with 1. C
DRAW WHAT’S WHAT’S
VOLTMETER) CIRCUIT MY MY MY 2. B
Q13. ONE PARTS SYMBOL NAME? LETTER? 3. C
Q14. When one bulb unscrewed 4. A
1. BULB C
the other bulb go out because (LAMP) 5. B
current cannot flow due to the 6. A
gap within the circuit. 2. WIRE E 7. B
8. B
Q15. TWO 3. SWITCH D 9. C
10. C
Q16. When one bulb unscrewed
4 CELL 1- A
11. D
the other bulb remains light
because the two bulbs have BATTERY 12. A
different path, so its current flow
13. B
5 CELL 2- B 14. B
is not interrupted.
BATTERY 15. A
Q17. Circuit B
Q18. Circuit B has move current
compare to Circuit A.
Answer Key
not in use.
unplug the appliances hen
appliances in one outlet or
or avoid plugging too many
b. Avoid octopus wiring
\
wire in wiring the house
Q4. a. Use appropriate size of
causes a fire.
can make the wires hot that
Q3. Overloading the current
Q2. The current increases
Q1. The resistance decreases
Activity 3
What Can I Do?
III. 1.Unsafe 2.Unsafe 3.Safety
2b.electrical shock
2a.double insulation
overload or short circuit
1b. damaged caused by
II. 1a. circuit breaker
heat/causes fire
2b. produces
2a. overloading
1b. produces/causes fire
I. 1a. short circuit
Part II
Table: Answer may vary
Activity 4
What Can I Do?

References
Books
Campo, Pia.,et.al (2013). Science 8 Learner’s Module pp 61-63.
Grade 8 Science Learner’s Material
Singapore Asia Publisher Pte Ltd (2015). Synergy for Success in Science 8,
pp 134-142.
Cordero-Navasa, Delia amd Bienvenido J. Valdez (2010). You and the
Natural World: Physics. Pp 392-395. Phoenix Publication House
Tsu, Tom PhD (2007). Foundations of Physical Science with Earth and Space
Science 2nd Ed, pp 150-159.
Internet Sources

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-4/Circuit-Symbols-and-
Circuit-Diagrams
https://study.com/learn/series-and-parallel-circuits-quizzes.html
https://images.slideplayer.com/42/11347286/slides/slide_5.jpg
https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-series-and-parallel-circuits/
https://thepiquelab.com/blog/applying-series-parallel-circuit-concepts-to-a-game/

25
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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