; 14000 62/2} Granten dr atm Wiest , William Fulton |S Cpr a Serge Lang ft A a cet Spc 6 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg TokyoWitam Futon Sere Lane Department of Mathenatis Department of Mathematics Ragen University Yale Uniersty Progen, RU 2912 Now Haven, CT 06520 usa Usa. {RW Subp Ganiieess HOO Lib of Cates Catalog in Pabenton Das (Grindsbec dr tutieraachen Winenschtn; 277) Tame ae vine a Tn se Once ins Siz sama ‘Ens rote Ne prt th sk mye Wate o epoca in| {yt soc writer ermion ow Spee tag FAN Avene “Dpet ty Cmpoon Hou La Selsbuy, gana ‘leds oan hy RR Doni & Son Hombre, Vii. ISBN 0.387. 96096-4 SpeingVerag New Yor Bela Helberg Tok} ISBN 1Sibsanés Springer Vers Bera Hesebere New York Toho Contents UERings and Chera Cases 9 ins wi Poste Stree 1B An Benet can of gt |B Chen Canes an be Sting Poe Hl Grn Chesser an Tel Cen noone 4 Adame Oprne emaan-Roch Forma Hema Rost Faacon EB Greendns Rem Roc Bani nblings an {Adon Renn Roe or Bees 1 Ita! Reo Rec Foal Grothendieck Filtration and Graded K Te isn Grated Kad Chee Cs |B Ait Opontio andthe Frain (Wha Egan Btnes Adams a Geohendce Rica Rick Tonal Coapltetertons fH Nezor Budi ae Poet Bune The ol Cone sd Res neg 5 ae Into so Mops bons Up 5 Demon 1 the Nema Mindi “‘The Reluctor in Algebras Geomiry 91 Te Aing KIN) #2 Shs of Fomine Ree ‘Ke Ttnection Formula. Vataons and Geaeralations Gh The Inertia Forme EL Pots te neon Feral Be Upper and Ler Bi kare Bow Up 5. Upper ant Lovee Fiatne {The Contaaran Maps © ad = $B. Sele nlmam Rock The compln Cae Bash Reon Rok Rete Inder of Notations odes Introduction satis contents of topology, algbmic pom, and alpbra (6 [roeprepresnations one mest the flowing sation. One hs to ‘Sswarant functors K sod fom » nai category tothe category fing, apd natrl taomation of contravaiant functors The Chem character being the central ex is we ell the bomomorpisms pe KO) 400) characters, Ginen 2X ¥, we denote the pullback. homomorphisms by PERN) and ACY) 400. As functors to abelian groupe, K and A may tbo be cova, wih pshdorwardhomomorphims Fe XQ)-+KO) and F240) +40") ‘aly thee maps do ot cmente with the character, bt there is an eloment sje AN} sic that the flowing diagram i eonmetae: Kop 2 4) ‘ & i KO a) “The map inthe tp lie i py utp by ‘Wher sach commutaivy Bldy we auy tat Riemann Roch Pol for 4 This typeof Torulation was fist gen by Groton, extending the mock of Hinwrach to wh a relate, fnctorl sting Sin thetseve other totems ofthis Rann Roch tye have appened. Un ‘eying tt of thw tae va Bae srbte having todo ely with SSeontry nlsbre, independent othe geometry Oae purpose of thi omprsh G ata aendaly o n) cne 1 common featte of thee Rasan-Roch theorems i that 2 ea morphine fi factored ito pl ee 1 lsd ibeding nd pi «bundle proton, One com Wi stomation low fot erosion mb of i he oom bn to in Psalm ta. Gene poe Soe ace we euomaise ere lw ope to deuce goa ninn Rock thor fo the clenetry ess of neds ina eta om bunds, ths ne re nly ane By diet ak 8 set man by gig rte meng wrt Grothne's Recon Row te i be octet of hemes Incl ample itsecton torphioms mst preted ia (SGA Now Ketl s we Grothnsss ag of lca fee shew on a NG) lad Smt waded group of UR) wih oa! conts 1 etpre frie ne ie footed casos of Seve Tors sbecs fom als spac geomet sacha ings ‘RUG cpio, ations Chom cane sera tory ree imbetlins ne Koval comsisas heater oe poe bund ad oe sol itreion sn ry ob not (a) wee ao wit 9 gn an ase tye tout of prs of [SCAG] forthe cae of iene of 00 hednaret Sol devon ce fe allow of ve bth SS dene and more compte te, ao come ‘eof the maa theorem we wl ome costs Tt ope {SGA 1 Mow importot among the delet a a8 td flag of saree to fe noma! bade. (SM 1. TV {BENE [ray (the we of Caccaore Mumford ego” sett sora ve tuads 2 [QTL Asoog te toting foreman re (0) A post tat she tation on KOC i finer tan the tpolopieat fenton 02D (2) A ReuennRoch thor forthe Adama operations # without esominators 25) (@) An slametary contraction of the pushrwatd for 8 pre Iie Tcl some lcreston merphsan 7 $8. (Of tha, (1) and (2) were conjectured in [SGA] Other fees laced oe (4) Ao tension Foxmala for K-htory (VS {5} A’ diestproot sing powers calclstion of R, Howe, for Grotheniod Rian och fr bundle prosions (63 (An eqaence between Zonas of Riemann Roch forthe Chern Chars and Adar operators (IH 5 Chapter 1 coptins an elementary tmatment of sings and Chere lawn the ext exposition af AUyah aad Tall [AT] canbe tleed tobe more on Zins We inl a proot of spliting principle or Setact Chern nes ia cur applaion n Chapter ¥, howe he ‘pling peace wl be eent so the reaer cam stip his root in Chip I we develop the absract Reman’ Reck ermaen. The ‘main se fete ee a axon fomultion of the deformation to the normal bande: to grove Riemasn Rech theorem for en. beading it suo to "lof to an nelemsatary bedding” for wich one knows the theorem We alo sxiomatin he Gal eae of 0 “eementary proc ‘Chae I desibes the uation of Groteadeck, and contvets Chern sls inthe aout graded in ‘Chaper IV is chapter of “intermediate alptaie geometry”, which oak tupploment a teat sich ar Hatahoro [A] We sabi the ae category of algerie guomeay for wich me akall prove the Rlemunn-Rech formula, namely the cteory of Tela merphisos. BY ‘hi we mun sergtismr which con te fetred nto lol complete incrsetion inbedding, abd a projsion fom a projective bund. We incon short prot of Mis teoram on rguarsueaosy and isc Fes about regular inboddings, conormal sheaves, and’ blowing” up ‘Theorem 4 on the rsdalsrictse of 8 proper tanonm in we De lev new. The calmiation of ths chapter spe eomtrcion of the sfonmnton fo the normal bundle Many ofthe reat of Chapter IW ave nat nee for the pool of Rea Roch prope, Sut af i lod for complecose ‘All hse ens come tuber i Chapter V, where the Zing KU) st ‘howe to sty Ue atseat properties ofthe fist Ouce cues. The Grotheniee Riemann Roch theorem (cing the teson.wihost Scnoninalon and analogous theorems far he Adam operator, Tallow ‘cy. (Chapter VI contains an Intercion Formula isthe conteat of K: theory which sess to be new in Ts gee, ad which analogous 1b the “eres interston formala” of (FM see abo (F2} Theorem 68, The fala i proved by sing the eneal formalim ef baie de Formations, gether with he peomere contacto ofthe deformation to the onal tunis This follows a paler sme tthe pou forRicmun-Roch ith and provides ater striking application of the formalsn of Chap 1 Te Chapes VI, we alo dias he eation ofthe Grothendieck group oa fee sheen with the Grothendieck roup of al coherent Shanes, We ge an spplation to th eauation af an exact sequnse Tee'k of blow op of roely bodes subecheme,reying on te Ineveston Fors Final, we dea belly ad incompletely Bow iran Roch san be extended beyond the case of lca compet ter Sectons. Tp ado, we seth vera other ostexts wee the formal fim developed Hee ca be applet woul take anotier ook to ge 1 lysate toatment of thts tops ncudng the rlabons betwee K: theo, the Chow group snd Ene cobonology ie 4 more ehemy and ‘Sea ones tas LF 2 "We have made our etposon wontained fom (EF for algerie crt [L] for ger sa, a he simpler paris o (Mat) for a Fite more commutative sera, Thus we have fled prot of ele Imei ais whenever never to ache Cs At tin rt reading the teadee itresed only in fast root of Rismana Roch fv advied to skim Chapters 1 1V. aod the fist hal of (Cheper V. More fe ncladed fs tose apes than sil ede for iran Roch wit te hope tat th important satel wil be more Scone than ie previous postion ia SGA and EGA. permit Those incest pomanly ithe Reman Roch theorem should conceit on (Chapters and ¥. “eos not shesadappieations tothe theory of group repesena- tions For then, we tle xpealy to the arcs by ABM Ta Evens, Kats, Knopinacher, THomen at wall ts Grothendesgeacral dca Sion ts baad i the Biblogaphy. On the the hand, the appiatins {0 woup representations are nol independent ofthe to algebras ge ‘met. Evan though te K-grupe ean be deine in ters of modules, Ste can analjs them via sousdesons of topeoey, easing spac nd alg pom. so there ra comiderabe amouat of feedback. ‘We an Jo not cus appcatons to topology. We reer to the etre by Atgah [At] and Bot [Ho] for some Rebeoty Uke chat of| aren il oa pigeon opi shor f Besa "We hope that the simpler Jopcal suture of the profs which emerges os toate wil ake Ir eaer 10 andestand those el, Shite nd new staone to mish ib “Rlemann Roch alsa” sis CHAPTER T d-Rings and Chern Classes “This chap describes fst the Yas ring structure ofthe objets tbe tcoanared later in store geometric cone. The alge ivaed ‘mentary and sl'cootaned We hive asonatied ceait motors ‘ich orginal aroun the theory of vector bundles Asal we work ‘ih vo ings one of them wally graded. We also develop the forma {Sp of Miosorach polynomial wich Seong Io the ase tbnory of fmmatie faciom” We have presened orgal umes Ike Chere ‘hn, Todd character, a athogh the alge ivoned ere dels ‘ny wih 2 pair of ings and some elementary formal mulpuation of Dower setiey independent of the geometry from which they came "We now take tlm comments coving the way thee notions ‘hone ee not nes) for logical uadesanding ofthe ehaper. How ‘er we may have af fit two senor of reader those ho Eno Sate Rimata-Roch teary previously and are ppl ler In 2 (guck proof of Grothendieck Raman Roch; and thse who have more Sad Keowldgs in ts cneion and are ths deal interesante bore slementay materi Our addon! comments are adrewad 9 (hs wooed calgary ‘A Tancamental aim of alpbvaic geometry isto study divisor eases, or cquitalendyhomorphism eases of ln tunes. Mote peel, ont ‘Groene retions are hone which fo each sort exact qucnoe (abs E Eso vr the ation (ener ste ‘Tee group of tomo cases of vrtoe bunds over & space X tuo thar relatos fp eld the Grothendieck group KUO). Te bas omar an cata ra pope, doh th 6‘he ston is nguce by he dct sum, ad there i ao mu ization sndaced by the tose produ, so that KUX) infact «ng, Fhe sis of the trial ne bundle the uit element. “Thing ba azo sre. as an auton, which to Basin ss tank e(2) Thon sextende to an augmentation ot IKGh (algeteahonomorphiom ito 7) The vector bunds thenselres fenctte semigroup ander aon. In we axomatize di srctre EP Getning “sponine cleats” whose propertas ar mle on tose ti vector buses. "Tie ements sf sagmenaton T comepond to Hae bundy, ahd ze Us called oe cements ‘Steond the ing KIX) has snoter operation inde by the erat ing product To eas) integer 120 we have NE, and thee Is as {he donated by HE) A stundardlemenary form forthe diet om F< E of Hee odes reads Mee QAEON ey Pang 0 edn Kom ot on srwone Earn But his eon amounts to saying tht the ap se Dae (2) by etiion 144 tomtmorphia fom she ave group of K(X) to the malin fhe gimup of ower seis with nan arm ail 101 This les re {o the notion of ring great del of te oral of Riemann: Roch ‘esr san be develops forthe goer! sings. ‘The reader shou ead Simltancons the epioming of Chapter | and the Beinn af Capt ‘Vio ce the pals between the brat sara and the geomet omstrion ging eto tis alge, 1 the tanya poup representations, one may start wih the cat ‘oo of fine mensional voor space ovr ld and a repeset toe fa ts) prop G on he apace Then again weave die sms temorprodicts of (0, £)spaces tnd the aplogous deiiion of as Tormat"ty the lomorphie sie of ch pase maul the eatone inthe Grothendieck soup The postive slments ave ust the sss Sch spacer at itinphe from the soup gectled by them in te Tn 2 we al dics a purl exeasion of @ og, whch gives sn axomutizatoe for the extension obtained frm = projet bundle sn sans ae roe RO 3 ‘The curesponding grometie case is dicusol in Chupier V, Theres 2 and Conlin 24 ‘Sine the exten the etenson i proved int Fatoomained way by geometic mean in Chapin the ead ee {Std ony ia he goonetricappizaion cao omit te exiseno pool of ‘Fosrom 21a th chapter “The comepondag graded eleson al Be onto 2 85. $1. 2-Rings with Positive Structure Let K be a commutative sng, For each nese (2.0 suppose sien = marine KOK ech that 290) = 1 2) forall x= K, ad fe put 249) -E Hoot thea the mp KO) | homomorphism. Thi condition i ean withthe conitins ay Baty Seo forall postive imegers KA rng with sch fai of maps 2 aid Tn adn, we suppose thatthe ring bas what we shall eal a post ‘ suecve rig homomorphism eke fale the angmentation| ‘Asubset Ef the adie group of K cal the set of pte de sms th Fg th oom io tihng th eR WEAR KaEOR 0 every element of K isthe difrence of two sements of ; urtermore for ee we bave e) > and if ee) = then HO~O fei and Ha witin K4 sams an enue US us We dee 1 tobe the mb of eels HH sch hat) = sur ie uit lors at Ls tebgoup ofthe wo Re Hensal SFL wil call I same extn K's ny ea ag cotinine Kw ad suppenatonetendng ta f Kad with poste certs B conta mee "Ne shat be concerned with a class 8 of ings satisfying, in adition toe presage te Splicing Property. For any Ket and postive element 8K, thre retauion Rf in ach that opr Ke ah te lm Te flows by indo tht aay Sate set of postive ements can be simattaneoudy sit in-u vlable ortenson. ‘The sping property wll, ‘Mow w to deduce genecalonla fom the tiple ase of ee = ‘tents For empl the propecy that U(e)=0 for e postive and Sire) flows fom the at that Zo) = for al ne element w and ‘More pneily, for we we have disty fom the astmpions 2a) = 1 tnd enti pi og en yo=fjaseo 2h Sata te 1 mm cn, of 0 Beate merece ce a Sr Fra ci nan “veg oe ig oss ‘io ise element nk "Fr emp on es Gor thi fora that oa 9-9) Un tr wed gn 4 gaa = (hen moneien #1 ecm sn on unos wore rosve sriverne s eens fr 2-9) aa (9) ca bs exe tems of cera tna ptyonis Pan Py a few Take independent (Grate Uys and ye batt, be be rh desea yr see aiocil fe Om. tant he Hh ementany mer iva nV Fork mz het Pkg Ma Fo MVEA a BK te he ogni of wih ine vases X, and in he aie {GN an 1 av ened eighth determina hy the ent ER Ne Konto = [UD By stig some of he vate UY qu 260 fr J > oe ee Pte ice ehoce fy 2 Simi ne Paha JOM a) of wight A by the Menty for m2 BFP ook a= TD Oe UU Now i wth ay ie ements, thes 24-9) TL +m From (A) his ean be writen 03 = RAO AIO AOD For example i ie in erent, hen Mode or Aan) =AulDh Simalaty, tx = Ea then a8) = Fay ,o50 2h) =U) Gta soa By (Beh ean be writen ay 20%) = FG AME).‘ sats a eens ceasis osu) “The idenites(L.1)-(L4) say ha our ings are what Grthendioc call spc rngs USGA 6 Ep. Oy Thar maybe ecinrpetd follows Given comsmutatve dng A fine A[CTDD" = FACET ad Na) = alern be the of power series in A with constant fem. Define a ation tn Aca) bythe muito of power mera producti ALA) by the formela Dae) Dba F DMG tbe BOCs snd operations by Ha + Za FER ae (One verifies eatly that thee definitions make ACA ito & spe seing(@ [AT] for readabe acount). For ay Jing K. Bek NK) ‘a adie homomorphism: K i pei precy when 2 6 « homo ‘orp of Lian Nowe that ienties (11) (U4) bald for al elements {OF , nt only postine elements. Remark. An clomsnt x in 2 Zing K sid to have i-timetion =» Nope fora ton and 20) 0. The ving K i calle fae ‘mension if oery stent a dereace of two demens of Hite Gimeno Siac poste seats have Bie dimension, Our ash imply that our Jringe ae ll fie densona ‘Convers, sven 2 fike-diessonl ape lrg Kobe can dene toe the clement Sof Pini dioeason. If one sumer that all one-dimensional laments ‘se unity thea E dts a pontve src n oar sme Let Ya! be «power sero in KEL] with = 1. Te coe of the ine seer Ede Casy canbe determina resanvels fom the cafes ob the latin Zahn for 0 asl For ee! sce te sees tonto Soto ‘Then for sgh ee x map of: KK Shs a Boronia of Kt some sing and = TLE) is @ poor sas then meet gt) beth power sete obey spp fig ht all he coctieus of gn prea, we hive ole f= f emma LA, Let) = 4 1. Thaw HGf)= 0-9" at "y= Prof. Spine into Su, with su) ~ I euro) ( Mo Td +40 from which the formula for e249) ieee. Since o,f the ives of eth formula fr lef) flows. The le formal flows fom the ‘saa aan 2( 7)" 1 §2. An Elementary Extemsion of 3-Rings Given = ing K and a peste element in K we contrast rng Season Ky of K a allows St) = + na Symons sod et K,= RUTMeAP)= KIA,s x i enue exsie wer thee the image of Pod p(T) we al he canal generator ‘We hae te defaing sation Fevaarno In parca for 2 +1, ming by powers of and wing 2) mor 1 we ge the claons (tie 0 “Tete restos translate at the single power seri rlaon ‘ye. ‘Theorem 21. Thre is aunque ng sracwe on Ky extndng tha on Ke ond etshing eames (Een ain=ire Proof Fin deine » Zig strastate on the polynomial ing KUT]. such thae (7) =1 aad 4) =, 2) =O for 1> 1 From the fact {hat Kis a socal Jeng it lowe enly that KUT] tao 8 spa fing. To show that ths determines Ling stuetre on K,, i must Ye ‘eed hat th deal T= (pf) prose by the, operation, Set othe ning) =e 1 Using the Sent (15) for product, ne sar that i sir to very ‘ae Bile et ke-T) fora 2 1, From te identy MET =U 4 low toe ML TO i tows tat e-D= £TiHe- Det for all 2), Since 240) = Pas). dM, Hains 10 yey ne ‘ov LEMBNEARY EXTEGION OF LENS ° that each monomialappencng in te polynomial, fame some Xie 2) To ee th py noe th 2) oom Panna is Mencly 20, 8 flows fom the definition (8) af, i BL As sen fom the proat Ky is special xing, One my define 2 postive tecture Eon K, gerated ty Rand ¢ =f te ele AVL) 2 aye} ‘The dleneats of, wih augmentation 1 are ofthe frm ate 4), with O's unin Kandi, The oquation pu) 0 shows tat? Sat for all'p and that ef x's ant srt) Thos Fy dls = Destiveractare on K,, called the canola poe srr "Theorem 21 may bed to contrat an eteron Ko Kia which fe ple et KOA hme tLe Ro = R= ROLE als wee nee dd 0 on ine. Than R= KK be the Kar fant sich {@)n4) for ost5r Then fey=ee) foraliseges 120; fV=0 for tsese 1 ft fr m2 1 we hve the geal relation Camareren = Eaten, and ( 1 that i la) = + clne C2 For wes we bie 242) = 8) +e. nother wont, “The ith graded component cx) i calle the Fh. Chen lass. The ‘hid ondion mentioned above he (€CR For all ec and all 12 1, Ae) ipotent =A" is homamoepie Remark, Te formal theory of Chern clases setully doesnot requte the pene unl Caper I 9 un where an een stomp 0 ‘ion will he imped If we dp not rogue potas, (hn usted of tte graded sng we abou take the ng a lc the compton of, and const fal mal serie [S81 cies erases nn re srurma rane a Under CC given x K i wil flow that ll) vais for large sd then eta) = Zetwyt i calle the Chara plyomislofs) The clase ce = Zeta) in A is called the total Chon ca of If we did sot sure CC, tho cs) woul ie in A. We then have Romomorphism CREA, Get Lee We often write simply for this homomorpiam fom the adv group of K to the multi ‘ive group of unis of 4. The yale 1 convenient in ode to kop ‘eno of the grading, Furthermore, epeenting the Chern lst hom ‘orp a2 palyoomial ¢ eis ber the formal analogy wih Ting an the power ner Treating a arise abo allows 16 ‘bse spec vals lke t= 1,0 tht fr lstanee we ge et) =1 =e ‘Both otto. wth and without the varie are wet or apc Rr al a egice« ‘Spting Pil Glen fest a) of pote elmons of K, fhe re rng extension Kf Kn whch cath eal Sohal € ‘tens foo homamrpion or sme grees semsion of A Lat noe some congue ofthis spliting penile fe spits Jet o)—elh Then eget «Sctortion c19-flova0of he Chern polnomis at acer factors Tn parla cr 0 for tom ty) = fe) ii the bth elementary snmcrcfanetion of the Bast Cheea cases of ocnilg he a ate cl Chea root fore, The equation sons tht 15) ymin piyaomial inthe Chem rool canbe weten a5 0 o- om inthe Chern claves of, sod that the resoing expenion b independent the ping of traea f= $y, i 62) ele N= [YO a BD Se) Cher 108 fof hen In other word, the Chera root for a product are palrwise sums of ‘Chen oot for the fsiove te prtilan, i =» ine slement, one ‘ar the on expt frmula tose Sp eve h ({J oer Wma de) cal eae Fa the la Chem ca i en soe 1 ot he au 6) =m ‘rom be muon “Tete ae mile formula for Chere clases of He, sae es com, TH tla, Fay. ‘As in hee fomulas aye expres a terms url ply oma Note, Ronee, that he fmm for Me /) and Xe) depend to he ranks se) and s(f) a8 well a 08 thir Chere ses To avoid 13) cueev cass ano Tue urn mane 1s his compton, we shall comer the resintion of to A = Ker the demest of aupmeaaton 220. nfl wo are anvealpolomi to const a Zing NA). On see or he dition tat the product and ake AA) et tl 30 Ri) becomes ig, But wihou uni. The denies B4)-02) imply i R-NO) iss homomorphio of ngs without wit® We say tha 6 ee Tesnomorpim a this cave Formulas (2) and G3) wee dedvssd fo the siting princi, We shall ne tht conver, thaw ents ily the sping pans fn text form that wil be ua ater We stall pow conc graded rng exteosion ofA in a way sina to the cotton of K, fom K ia 2 Fst sole thatthe polyori fing ATW] (bere W i 4 waa) hee» ‘wasque wading esto that fc sock tat bas degree Given an demest c+ Sc'e AA) and an Stage m each hat 20 or I> mi (0) be te plynomial pape ea ts teen Sve ei er 4-040) = Ah set pct Th et = at Seegcyeme OTS Ss an tees 10 be the Ape homomorphism such that aw) 0 forosjem forj=m— 1 Kazemi tenn s+ homomapen seh nt (SOKEL 9 90.usa 6 xcs cnt cL Totem 3M, Suppor 6: KA 6 @ Lhmamerphiom, and Ub a ote sient 6K sch that sc) =m and ol) =0 for >. Then Cesena to a chomomrphion 6K Ras such ta ad ae the cannot gonrtars for K, and Ang resect the l= tw Proof et KOT] be the ding extension dened i the prot of “There 21 apd lead fo homomorpin sakETl AW), by sing (7) = 1.4 °F We staihrwand to vey hat his exes Son ao 8 -homomorphisn "To conode the pos we mst show that for AB 1, AQT), whee Jit the idea in ACW] generated By Py. quia, we tae show eh ere Tet Since 6 i 8 Hhomomorphiem, we set elite 1) = Mefe— TM =H, whee a= efe}-+ 2) Therore = 1+ De, with WENCH IW forall km. ‘There efor all EE mine B) 1 DP tl sod, a ne sa inthe proof of Thooran 21 ech monomil in Ff ‘Ghnibley ome yor 2m flows that Pe la 88 requ 1 §4. Cherm Character and Todd Classes ‘he splicing principe allows ws ogo ter, by sng sytem tbe Ecionation ofthe Chern poor e(2) ib lina acters 1 a. Let eivertta) oxo Qtta) nus ‘a power arcs with iateger coefceats, oration cosets 4 ie iso Qalgea, To each such power secs We can asocate an add the Bomenorphisa | low We fst dei chy 0 by ting Sou ont Since we nse thatthe fst Cher lates ae lpotet, the ease Snel the power er fa) died, and in peynomial io fot ach k Futlemorg, he vale on the phan sei ndependeat of the choke of the spline To soe thn note that Wy ae 20 ‘naepedeat varias, then Seana San. 08 ers Hy it 8 polyoma of weit j wih ational cote, and Tieyah Sowertary fonction Of WY, a We cal H, he amined Hivelrec plymcial. Then eho) Ease0h ce). 1 flows ime at Or 6, 6 we ave eto =afoy+ do, Sorcha homomorphism onthe semigroup of cements of For any Genest eee of K we dane ha) hoa 1 vay verfed that this is well ded, a independent of the eprinaton Of at erence of ements, td tha chy i 8 Imomoepis of ito 4, Expy, hid ENC, “Toe most important example is the Chem character writen without subege 00).“ seo cmc on sh atch eh te he non powe i ote = E8, te this case, A mast be & Glee, oF we tas A with Q. Then by (a, me have deo = $a oo-$ it Propsion 4. The Chem character ch: +A 6 0 ring homomar pm Pro Ass to vey this for products of cements in E. Say Sande = Sy then a = Eazy and \ kee) = Levoteiue) = Yesrctan +) = enterene) deed, Df cours. we alo have cd) = follows ie om the deine ton of et) = 0 For the Chern character ch the fre fo Hlnebeach polynomials #, as mente hove can be clelated to be 5) fs 5) = 29) 1058083) = E18 3s +39 ous 80) = HOt Ais #455, 4 24 0. vation, The Chern cass ate wally denoted by 6, teste oT lay dove the poeral formalin we thoogt 1 ete (0 Preserve the upper tuning onde at to brek the otto anal Up, sy of te power sain with 2, However we bow be tha his hres numbering iv extremly dagrecble ime wish to sete he come nacre 180 v0 cass ” 58, ‘Chen css inthe Hizebruchpoljaomin,tecause me have to take ‘Slinry powers Hence in practes, one may fore tthe lowe Be fering sad wote for laste ee) = He) 6, + HEE Deg + We can perform 2 simi constustion mi ipleaely. Let eet sata) or fet +9tea) te & pone series with constant term { and integer coients oe rt Sova sont 4 is 8 Quebra Thon he dete the coresponding ‘Todd bomen on postive elements by udyted= Foca. 1 Woo Ma independent variables, hen we can we lon Zeta where Oi.) 8 a polynomial of week jth inter (ap ae Moon) eoeicents inthe elementary symmette fiona fy Digs Me. Agu we cal Q, the associated” Mirch pelea v0 Zetero-en a ein a th sx homomogpiam fom the adie group of K int the malipletve [Boop of nts of 4, and infact how ute which ave ofthe Bots 1B ‘ih pen hg =i the power series B= gM. where emer,» ne AN an css 165 co we write) instead oft), an ell tis singly “the” Tod tomomerghan, determined by the orginal daa ofa Cher clas oo- IRovpinn Ino eased snst to a Qagsbra o We tesor A with ‘The bow Hrehrch polynomials, cm Be caeulstd to te Oude 552) = ed +5. 555) = dest ts se 80) = —rhait— ay — Mf = +50. Generations. 1. Even without the assumpson tat the es) are sapere one an dene 2 honomerphis. hg ALE DW feed. For the onnary Cher character, ch Kate fe sag nomamorphim, 9 bya 09 where 4 i he completion f 4 2. For Tod cases of pov saments ¢ i not azesary to a some that the constant of @ 6 1 One may eine fo) = 09 + Eve. “This td, il take am of pose elements 19 products If @ ie a puomia or # the ce) ar pen then tle I 0) 60 it IR ten Ady extends to & homomorphism on tl of; 2 With 0 syematic we of symetrsfncions and Hiv poy= nomi, one may avd ay exp se fa png pene 1 §8, Involations We shail be coscertod with Lriagr K_which have an imolton by ich "we means omomorphiam xx" Irom the ing Ko a sat ‘Sing Moen ae and wre Ton ‘Wo samme aso that any poste sement cin be spit in sme extension to whic the invouton extends Lemma SL Let €£ onl ee)—m Th for llth OSS we he 26 meine, Pros, By Sinton, sing a siting, we ast 2) Liter = Fl +m) «floomeeren fvcioowes =n eBaer eno baer, whe cond ee ‘Convenes ifthe formula of Lenin 5. is wld for, then the nner lution etens oat iavlution of Ky, wth €¢ = ¢°% Th flows From ih eqtion Lm eee Cree 9. gk +AU) ea Char cas homororphi, then ory ewe) ew fora tne cement From the spliting pipe i flows tat oy eee") for al eK, follows tat 62) ewe’ emous 2 sc 0 cmER CLE Anite simple rule which follows say ro the siting rin pes Propston 2. Far poste lemon ’ we") = wleapl—c@) ‘Our main interest howe ies inthe nex formula, which embodies ‘Riemann Roch sation av wil bes In Chapter H, Totem 2 Propsion $2. Fora poste coment € we hae ep eMi_ se) = EMH, whore Qi) = LV eaANe") OF othr words on fe) = ome aL up we have i Pret By detion oiing w= Fa, with ‘a9 = T] moo = TS i A, = [lane ad thre hi eye [de =Te ne Muley we at ey eAG_ve") fjs-eo “This prover ce proposition. oa sn masons a 1 §6 Adams Operations We eure 10 gle Zing K, We dtine tbe Adams poner sees ant {be Adan options! 10" bythe formal we 2-1 yew rt yen enna fr ah 8 eet bate 8 seer Prof. The fit sserion it imetiat. For the ssond, it sues 10 prove the Hemomorpc pope fr cements of The fat that it ota bined, and that 1 i ako 4 matipate boomers faows by spisg at slomeot of Eas usual and by using he Bet enon, The thd stement then a ince the deed tlton it tir on scmenis =a in 1 This oonsades te poo Since 9! a vig homomorphism tke the Chee characte, we may calla Adams carat rae than Adame operation, We can ho Fine24ed = Een yteet Wee Bina positive cement, aod e= $a 5 sping hen Mo=Ta+uo “ P fore Bpty “Terr, isthe (eebach-Nevton) polymath inger cet me Moh hee, vse we the eemeauary symmetic function of WY He) = 8,040,210,u noc ano cman cass eo} 1a of) be a poypomil sy with integer coins and constant ves sel to 1 fa the present content thee ie Todd homomerphinn kok fiom the ade mono of postive eames fo the multptatne fnonod) of elements of Kby ihe same method as bor, From ob tig of € we Ie Mo) F196. “The sale i independent of the siting, and @ univers polynomial Ink 20h determine by g aloe” gf) a unit for ea ie ensitw lia iy extend t 4 homoorphin foe he ade group othe mutlicaive youn K" Gee Geeeraaton 2o 8) Tayte an meger 21 We kt OP Ud, whee 9) the polyno sil efit tree oho flected ‘Te clase Oe) ae known 4 “Bots canal case". 1 esha isa niin thon Pe) ea unk and 8 extends to all of K ‘The net feat a analogue of Propsion 53 and wil be iret fr Rimung-Rock theorem in Caper Ue Thsorem 31 Propoton 62. For postive ment € ha We = 2 Komr0, Pros. Using the sting, we pet ve.00r=o( Tle) 10-0 efld-wrTteness AO 4 ws 10 be shows ol “The flowing proposition so follows smmetiney om the define Tropenon 62. Let ci KA be & Chr case homomorphism, Tha eo inept 21 and REI we hae att a) 0, hee 6 the th graded component of (om may also doe for j <0 bythe formula Ho) = 1 so thst Proposition 61 continues to Rol for tis extended family of Sertons We sll not nod y for neue howe ora dicusson of Ada operations representation sing of Gite pounce [Ke] al (KS(CHAPTER IL Riemann-Roch Formalism “This chapter dels withthe axomutzton ofthe fusctoril prope of she Grothe group KIX). “Tae cova and concvariat functor properties of the Kanon, sand another volte graded ag luctor A(X) ae such tat to prove he ‘isan RochLorms tetfos to do so for morphine whieh pene te the cape. In geometry, thee we teu (pee of OMS To ‘thie one seus the pool regular mboldings; rojetions tom a projective bundle PE) tm Chapier1V we datite the seomety ofthese morphisms. The ew- Iie imeddings are loa! complete steactons Among thee te the cesentarysmbediigs which af the zero sects of vector bundle. Te tures oot tht any Teglic ibedding a + dformalin toa clemee= tary inbeddig fat the normal bundle In Chapter ¥, we derive Bsc Fostoria proper of ech morphinms onthe Kroup. Tey have si Pe algtetieformalaony, ad 1 Tums out Oat bese simple algerac Proper los 10 ive proof of the Riera Rech formula Foe ‘tample, i Chapter ¥, Proposidon 43, we show tat fora regular sc tion F of vestor bundle ime Ite [] bos eas in he Kgeoup ‘hen HD=1 vihre «the cast ofthe dual unde We taketh, and he anco- ous rmula on the gale sig functor A, asthe ubotut deiton of fm elementary imbeing in the present Chapter Tl The esntal pare he poof of Rleians-Rech for sich « morphism, depeoding only Enis propery was ghen fe Proposton 52 of Chale ‘muy, Chaper Theorem 23 and Corollary 24 pve the bac seactare of the Kalgera for projactve bundle. This sre was ‘lematizn i Chapter, 2, and the Riemann-Roch formula sing oly ‘hae sions ie ten proved i the preeat Chale I Theorem 22 oun rupanncnocn suscrons Z Therefore readers may proftebly read simakaneouly Chapter Vand chants tan For a projectte variety X, the sing AGX) can be taken to te the chow rng of ses odo ata egies, tapora! th Q. This rogues more alba geomet, for whch we teee to (F2) In SGA), ‘Grottendece showed how one cool. dine etion in IR(X) and how the astd graded sgees (ented with Q) could te hod intend ofthe Chow ing. We have taken thir graded sng for ACR) tee the main sieneat of te Grotendick emana, Rock theorem jDven in Chpter V, Theo 43, complaneted by the more sromeitc Enmments of Chaper Vif eopecally Proponions SA tad 53 which feate the Grotieadeck fivation to raion by eoineasion, Howes, tbe asomatiaton of Chapter I, Sad §2, provides the altri or msm for otber ston Ags, readers should compare semeiately Utes two parts ofthe book, and te dincastons of Chptr VE (eng ther gromerc sont) 0 get heer el both for he wading Sacra and the geometric aplctons which motvated ‘spite the fact tht the algebraic formalism ofthe rst three chapters rigid isthe tor of yestor bud, texts independently of tet theory, an is appeabe to the theory of group repeeetations. An Biperast who ater to darsard topology of vector bundles may theretore el undeeand the Set ths hap without having 8080 through te algebras geomety of Chaps TV and ¥. The fundamental reason why the general lgeben was laced fst was to cat cle 8 {nependescs frm an) of the mole contents In wich st may be ap Died For the contr of group reprsnatons we rt the reader to ‘aris paps of the Biblograpty by AtjaTHizbrac, Evens Kath, (Grothedioc. Knopnacher, Thomas. TE §1. Riemann-Roch Fanetors ts now comic to view the objets we ave dened 99 fa ie 2 ctrl seing ‘We sat nth a caegry We shall be coneemed ‘ith fioetrs op € which ae simultaneously comtavasan and cova [Eat Such functor 17 auigns (cack abet X in © 8 ing OX), and foreach morphien JX =n © bomomorpy™ PHO) HO) andy) +8 Homme he df emt dtl mf Tin mie= sre ot ons aus sathing the flowing conditions: A, XH) 6 comrasriant fcr fom 610 rng ia 8 2 Xy+HUN) Wa cotan finan fom € 0 alin groves 4 fy FA. The potion formula fos hati forall morpions f+ ¥, nda we HOO, ye) we hase LA SOD ™ fos An importnt spec of the peoeston formal isthe format a SAITO) = ff Dy & Riemane-Roch facie eo mean a ipl (Kp, Ay whee K an 4s functors sing FH to F 3 and morphine of ontraariat fants, tor ech X, ox! KUN) + ACN ing honomocpis, and S009) = 070) foc all F217, ye KO, ‘We tall al he Rlomame-Roch character In speci cass i may tear oer namersach at Chem sharsir or Adau character, to i sie ne spa fue thy are. Theve yeciaeasr wil Be ‘ee wih in subequet sections. ‘We sl sa that ema och bls for 2 morph f if for some ‘ement 2 AUN Br Nk~ Spl for al ee KO), That sche diagram xu 2409 Kan. ‘commana As we have done, its eastomay to omit the sbi, rk pin ple ots oP “The factor ry meshucs the exeat 10 which p fils to be cova func We cal sy the Riomane Rock malig. o sini the mal le Wher preie & aecesary we say that Riam-Roch hols Tor j T une soto rerons » with reget 16 (Kp A) ith mile, the preceding diagram ie "Net Me ive some gene exter for Riemann Roch 10 bolt Theorem 1. Lat {2X and g:¥-+7 be morons. Asso that Riemann Roch lds for f and with mais and Then ‘Rlonann-Roch holds fora f wth maiptor cer Py Proof The rosie im lon: does) = 060050) = easy her ex)) SAIN) 4p 809) th proving the tore wy RREorg Py RR f by prjection oma, ‘The next eeon wil aply to certs types of ibe Set ia ‘he abstuctcoutest of Chaper I, Theorem 2, aod thon to peomets tuations ike Chiptr , Proposition 63 ‘Theorem 12 If {8K} KCK) i sce, and thereto element ‘EW AC?) ok that Pola) = £405, ‘th Rima Roch hls for fit matt 0. Prog. Given x6 KCN, et = 4) wits ye KON. Then P19 ~ 0B FFOD = san) by projection forma = D0) = fAbs000) by essompton HAFAN — by poet orale sero) HAF) = Hes 060). a squid» sume son rome ou “The net notion i an absratveson of the main properties of dor rations whch il be coasvaced ia Chapier TV, Let pea be s morphiom. We sal ay that f admis base deformation co 2 ‘orl Yih get te (ps 4) hee et orp Shown nthe following dasa 5 ite number of norms hy C+ M with nee me Zs ishing the following condions BDI, Por each x¢ K(X) thee exits some = €K(M) sch hat He)= 0) ad Fuesdmao, BDA odl)=aAN) +E mb BDA. For cach 2eK(M) ar BDI and al», Be} =0 BDA gis esecon of and nog f= f Thworam 13. Le foX-5¥ be o morpho which ade a hase defor ration to merpts 7° for whch Rinant-Roch Has. Then Rie mane Rock Rol orf wth maple y= Proof. Given £6 KOO, coe = in KUM) aia BDL Then ashe) ~ 940980) byapr 249409) by contravaiane ot aes) bypojction formula = shih) +E mhyDpee) by BD? sudo) + Lmabalote) by pojetion male = aur9%2) +S mb solHe) —byconteavarane of 90%) bypp3 44050) by np men eos rook rcrens 3” Wo now apply ny. Since gi a scion of x, He) nasaoheed efsofs) by the provoing steps aadeSilep 900) d9 RRIF = Fac hoe) yD ‘This concer te pron. "The render may easly very te falloog proposition Proposition A. If (Kp) ant (le A) ae Rieomn-Rock fotos, thom (2p, 4 8 le Rima Roch fcr If Romane Rock bols For fh espe to (Kp 1) Gasp (lye, 4)) wih mailer res 17h then Riena-Roch bs or (Kop wth riper 1A Ricmsno-Roch fancior can be obtained in the conten of Chern lames ae follows A Chr sas factor on € is til (wah Kd tincon satihjing Fl to F3 aod for ech X in € 9 Chor case hoor ee KO) 1+ 40" satsying the fowng contin (CCF 1. ack KIX) is a Heng wich imolton an fF 16 @ hom orp of dings nth olution {CCP ach AX) a rae rin, ad fi gael eng homer morphism of dese 0 CCEA. For f:X-+%, yeR(Y), we hase Fei) = FA. Since {4 and ar sing homomorphems, when A iss Ques Jota that we sso avs hefner res, JM) =ALIFO) and Pay) = ULFFOD, We concae: I X-AKO.044 AO) 16 a Chom cas fmt, then re (KR Eby AK) (5 Rloman-Roch fst2 ruc ons oe (On the otber and, we get « Riemans-Rosh functor fm a somewat sil station Slows Let K beg fant fom #0 rings, aging FH, #2, Band (CCE 1 The Jor each | Othe Adan character oo omnes ith fon sheer (KY 1) 0a Riomomn-Roc ft. K(X) KO) Such foncior| K wil be cal ing ito and wil be sade a $3 TT §2. Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch for Elementary Imbeddings wed Projections ‘We say that a morphs f+ ¥ i an mentary ibe with 22 ‘pct the Chern Ease fncor (Ker pKa =o) get ade pst de KO) meh tt Ke eon eta e) Ty fh cnt ys a ‘Consider the associated Riemann Roch functor (K,¢h, A) asuming 4 Wea algo iG) and H4)= 29. "Teor 21, Reman Rock hols fr elementary imbeddngs ith mal: her yar Proof This follows immediatly tom Theorem 12, sad Propostion s3iol Cuapie ‘Next me shal conser “ual” situation, A morphism 23+ ¥ wil te clled a ekemetry peecton with ret to (Kee) the coe sponding map fe B+ KO) one onorunomcx ment 2 {i bomorphi othe fonction eK sited with some poste lament © of K = KOW), and forermors, teting €= 0h eA) AD, {omg the feo Beda ‘Toe fancomals were deta ia $1 and § of Chapter spectively. By thie we mean tat ter are wo commutative gram ww nd tbat the top arrows me KUY) (9p. ACY) omoepisns, veng (Keay as a A(ryabgeea via f A(X) ab a8 ACP) algebra af Fortcmor, under the seatfains given by thes: morphs, We feu tat Sioee whee and ate the coil geerato of Kan A. ‘Theorem 22. Riemant-Roch holds for elementary protons {with maior spate) Proof Let ee) re 1. Since, i gneatad as a Kalasbea by the elements "P20, apd fe and gy are Ines over K and A, ih tific to thow that 8/40) = alee?) ce). (On he let, we have oie’ fet ortece (On te righ, we have aice") expe™ smpne.noc romnae "he formula toe proved i therefore a oral ety Lat xe fe chem rot fares Thun wy nr Chern roo fre", sate Fiera tes 9. sn pen Tl dT sein SOL sim i a emma 28 Let oof Be dependants and eonsider the att. sustn fer The re ofan tg dy ytd Ff Sige nt erat ero ot SE aya Si Coit pee Proof. The flowing proof 4 19 Roper Howe, We Sst bia by standard conden cneeraiag plysomiae Tae be ng without disor of 0. Tet AT = Pm ay gT tm ay by polyoma in RET, and conser the equation Teag bah 6a Lec x be @ soot of g(7). Then by using the Eucldean algorithm o: ‘dco, we se that Tor an ietgee WW there a relation ith cncsonts aye IF ACL) E RET] is polyomit then we ean Fos) = a) + a(R tt aE, ue oncrnance ASANO os where the cxf 4(F) Hein R and depend Hoty on F Suppose ‘hatte egeton a drote and that thee ir 2 fcortion anf Sobsitaag x fr ¥ with f= Lf ond wing Cramer rule on the ‘sling tom of ner extation ide 9409) = Ht Whew fis the Vandermonde determinant, and A,(F) it obisned by pacing the seams By (FC) PCED) 50 ay Fay tt agna|t oe Fad nt Bo Pa AsO ten ash) = ary FCT) ie a power sees in RECT] and i complete oa ring ih xy te aka jel, abd *~ x for some then we eas lute ia) beau the mie converge The above formula for the Steicens 6) remains vai Tet be independent varie, and let Abe the ag ass saat fier-w Subsituiag some x for T induces sutra homomorphism g of 4 Obl aod the tp (4), sea) ses "Now me et F(T) be ie power sts of Lemma 23, that Imbotding of 4 into the pro ser Under the substitution of some v for it becomes a power see in, fod sj and thas converses ie QU Ley36 ena oc roa ae Ti we royeainreanior maf veh 5PM) @ Ofte and these coecents are gen by (he Yona with the deteinaas a above “Ti flows for th power sens spl by taking ints of poyno- ‘ale formally comerping tothe power serie ‘Wernow some to the ert of the prea! which computes the last octet using the epson in tems of the detersinans Let A= Vesna) hee ¥ dente Vandermonde. We have Tox oP? Fad Verses nym |) 2 oe AE Fee Tay on a? Fox) rape eng Me We we the induce relation of the Vandermonde determinants Feed = Mesa DHT 29 We expand the dteminant fora (F scoring tthe Ist column, to ee " a= Serer We we te inde ation, nd replace Bye WE we deo by or peptic esos We tee at Bo a on ey Meio a= Tae bt IW #0 then eno eolmns othe right are the same 0 he deerinane Ie egal to. i= then we get fe Vandersonde determinant on he Feb 90 ay-(F) = This Gonads the poo af the lesen m1 owes m9 nck ” Sommary. The eit ofthis and the pacing ton imply tat. to prove Restann Roch for a morphism J wih rept to (ch 4) iiss to ctor J into compose pod where p ie an dlementry rojtiog, and aml tase Slomation to an slementary imag TE §3, Adams Riemann-Roch for ‘lementary Imbeddings and Projections 4 cra contexts of» Riemann-Rock theorem, the sngs K and are fhe same, Or we may sat wth factor K and obtam from iin a future way arour Retna Rock fnctore a we shal so a Chaper Il involving Hoth cae When = and Kp A afleing ech other Thor we ave to make sn appropriate deason We sal say hat fancoe K toms esegory © ta sings with ovolone fe 8 rig fenctor states avons PIL) and CCF 4, tht sto cach orp fm f-X- Yin € thre are homomorpises of ablien grape SMKO)-+RY) and fe: KC) sch that 2X+K(4) is 4 eaneavasiant nto of ngs with invasion via J*: X+-+KQ) isa covariant fontor of asin groups va fi ‘he prajetion formals Rois, that forall morphisms =X Y JS%)) = fd lx KOO. ye KO Except in Chapter VI ia hs book our functors are both covariant and cotravaiant In a conteat whe singly variant fants oor at ‘el, one might add the qulicaton that the above thee popets Usine« duly varlat sng ctr, ‘Tlovaghout this action we let K be @ ing factor as abe, tat we hee Ria factors (KK) mith neger 20 a man Ylnad tthe end of Se Um all rings aring the segue (KCN). RGD ste) 0 dn sent we asses poten A. morphism 2X ¥ is calle an cementary imbeddig with repect weit JE KO)-+ KOO)xs eo aoc romaiene a8) ‘serve, and thre it psi lament €@ KC) such tat fd =1.10. Remark, The sactvity in practice comes frm the et that fie 8 secon of «pope YX The additonal. popen of. eston ‘ayy no ole Br, but wl ply » oe im Chaplee VE, and ‘heoram 3, Rlenuon-Roch hols for elementary beings, with r= spec to (R94 Ky ch mip ure Pref. This lows from Theorem 125 and Chapter 1, Proposition 62. A morphism fr ¥ is elled an eomentary projection with respect to K ifthe consspoudag map Jes K)+ KO) 5s somorphi the fnsional Lek. sociated with some poste dement in A= KO. ‘Tearem 82 Let be an slonentary projection If is iene in ORC) then 04°) i ere Kr KOE), dd Reman Rah Ie for J th spc to (Ks, Ky th malptor spo weery Pro, We shall reise the theorem to formal identity of power sera sar to tht of Theorem 22, over any eng where js invert Towever, thee ian alterative prot at flow Since the iSentty 1s formal, one can very Ht when Kis replaced by Q@K. te the case We thal prove in Theorem of ChapiarII apps to the element Ge ae" that Thorem 32s alaly a consequence of Theorem 2 ‘As to the power series proteus ben withthe faves of 8 Wie lin cement thee ey sons xuo 1008 » is iver, cae we cam te (1) +1 and we he spotece Ca and the geometric eis to do the Iverson. Let, ‘be eli of «We have by dition Hasaen sen 940 50 iver, and io ee") vere. Recall a) =a! for any element ‘We mus show that the follow diagram Sommutes ae ie. that 14046“ 94) — LED at f, i Kina, aid 9 i «fing homomorphion, 30 i sues 10 Prove ths commutativity reltion forte element smsd— 1, ‘nck frm a bass of K, over KResll at He 1 itn=o, Jo Wizesd—1 “The dese commatatnty amounts proving fl 0-0 Hoek TT [At thie plat sual to adopt a moaon Which i ed in the theory ‘orm eoupy, but the eter doce not need to kaw a pat of tb ‘ory We begin with sme gneralcommeats Tat A te a commuatve ring abd Ia snl sich that every cement of Tis mote, or At comple Ia the Fae copelen.” We aloPy ama s0en roa oy sn tat i vere A He han 14 bet we dene sms in A Foe atyb=0 +904 5— aed of-38 baa ea ‘The law of addon [+] ie atociave and commutative, and makes! Int a group. where Os the adv zr cheat This group i ellod ‘he formal muipeane gowp. Tor our purpose, we Ont esd (9 Low anything bss Ihe detition of [=] ad (=) We abo we the (povp, sa we can wale (32-04 D0 +2)-1 or any postive itger/ wo hae the operator [which i died by [z= ZEHIZEHEHIZ taken tines ‘Than [/12 = 2 mod 2 Welles toand f=. wet nme zpt) ZL! OO N ee yay “Then FZ) is smmatrie im he gy and i Get power sens with ‘vets in K[[ZI] soe we essued avec in K” Furthermore oer ewe yet ich does not make sess, bu which i useful nevertheless. The Rie {Euan Roch formula ie ng educa 1 the following reat om frm emma 3 Let R be 6 comma vny whch is merle Let agenda ZB pend rate Fe) hei by te FB) 0 Roy 7 T us) + poner mance a There ext anigue cman Wo. Pe RUE hr Bye re the slomentary sone fon of ay) ch that aay ge eee mod fZC+Ia. nd we hase suey =f m=O, mf Pett Inde he eng cet of[] ZL +, [].(1 +) andi there fore serie i Aflsy.]} The dvsion algrtum applies t0 give {he died congrense and he unigroe ofthe coetBoent He We aposaiae to he ce when emai in K We vew F's the sei oot of [TZ 16,10 xizlzea, Sine 40-1) =O, sabsttuing "1 for 2, and then — for 2-4 amouals to subsitting~ I or Z inthe pyoomial Were uen “This accompli te dried eduction to the formal power se ees too of Lemna 3. Fustermors, sins 0 prove the ration of Lamm 33 when R= {hj eons in act tho outcast the age of ZU Cay gl a re eecmined by eves formulas, which we ‘ull ake expt ‘nah the Vandermonde deta, ait Lema Bhso we le R= ZL "rae paleomist J] ZL =24, bas df ote Nay in Rey A= Vegy 5) = Vandermonde determinant: A(F)= detemioant obtained by replacing the 4h column ia the ‘Vandermonde determinant BY "Pehle 0 boa AED age]! oo Fae no)2 ena noc roms m9 ‘Thea au = ar) rar. | EC nme 8d here Mate.) obtained by deting the Eh row and th co Une fom Vander, that he kine the Vandermonde deer minant We lave the order of summation aad ie the Dex lea, Lenma 34, Ensen Veep ead [0 Pron This sx special case ofthe Jcobt-Trady oti, f [F7) ‘amma A93, p 422 which online «shore prot ofthe general Heo Ui "One can erate each frm i th ra naely bale) = Vey atl sth elementary syamete fenton. ‘The dese wed (0 inet consecutively the arabes with 4 om 29 j= food ‘The wneal ein ive the ae ofa perrbaion fhe Vand ‘monde detemisant, whereby the power ofthe arias a incase by (Seu smouets denoted by J inthe above rtenoe Here the arose 551 forall the pores fom the rh column cowaa. Tis shows hot the lem i Special cse ofthe ear denten Going om with th rot ince 12 = 2 mo 2 we id 1p adda 7 Mtater-ta) isd = Fae) woteayt EM ro aaa whee y= 144) Bat 1 by Lemma 34 aE cane Sorina oaot en At muse) ‘octane roe ronan a We now we the eeusive prota for Vandermonde Pt = MiB oT VATE =. (Om the one hand, we ave £5 — 2) =(6)— Win, 30 that ene) eat Mey (On the other band poeta " ae) eh Met Le ay yeah ovea AEP Soe cit Mh oad A= 1 then thie bx exresson i 0 sae it the expsn- einai wo equ eau. Ifm= 0, tes the smo the sph she expanon of Mp craig tote ast column, 50 ‘se Sint the ae ta 1 §4, Am Integral Riemann-Roch Formula Although she formation develope ia §l and §2 wat based on having ‘ng omomorpism p trom K To 4, some ofthe same ies can be od {o'othr conte” We usa th by 4 “Groene Rema, Rook theorm witout detomisaros, which can be used to compute Chern ‘chen and oot jt the Chern ehricer (hich rogues denominators) Sich formal as fist pen by Grothendieck, and proved ore Beet aly by Jousnolou (J) of (BEM UD. (F2) Fine we sash fatally another general formula for the ‘coe ease1s spliting of positive element ¢ and e= ea, then l= fa +90 1 a apting ofthe Chee potromll «We shall be concerned with the Chem polynomials of various combinations of postive seats AP wesw a 2240) =, TOF to 40. We wish to compute the Chern eas of combination G9 snsead of e264") which would inode dominator. "For the moet Ie dys and hb Be independ vases "We deine the power sees ele Dyed to be the power sve with integer cotients given by the formule 2.400 TfL herent “This power series depends only onthe augers d and rand his constant teem equa to Its aymmati fon and as By There fea te epee win power ar wih alc Sec in the syne fancoe HO 8l0) amd Ohl) Im sion Cad) —1 atin he poet yb smi a yay rn at, -0 et mach em a te prt witha gen value of j and ky eames a tem with ks = a) Fephced by j 1 This prover our escton, one sa) 1 ight ofthe ivy, thee xis a uigue power sere Pa 8) cop" foe "pth nega cuties, such at la B= EB BPO, Asin Fda. oymmetc foes abo iby. hy Thertove thee ets « asque power erie, with imager couticents sah that PAB) = Be lO 840) 1 the contest of Zags and a Chern class homomorphism «we can sow eabitite fst Chor lass for the warbler a8 eg ae poste lames af augmentation 7, resposnely, we shall ase the PhO. d = Pde he wre ate the Cher cases "We rl that inthe cootent of Chen ass, i = (6, then ema) bby “Te dcniton of Phas Boon made i rach 2 way tat by apn te formula for fe) e medal a Propsiion 1. Lt 6 be 2 Chem clas hamamorghion. For pastce lemons of sugmonaions ra respect, we hae GQ = 15 MOP, AED. ‘This formu now ake Formal similar to the orm ia Proposition 49, hich Jot to 2 Reman Roch there for semenatyimbedings conte Le (Ke) be a Chemn lass functor. Let 723 te & Toorphism. We sal ay that ltegral Wiemann bods for if here ‘ss a pose elemeat ge K(X) such tht for ay postive nen ee KG) we bave nde) ‘whee d= 1g) ao r= fe) We ell ¢& Riemana Roch sent for f $5 D> ‘Therem 42, ep Reman Rach holds ff ie an slemenary ine eng“ soot nocd rome ona) Prof. Thi lows frome Proposition 41, exaly os Theocem 21 fo towel om Proposition 32 of Chapter L “Tore 43. Let f be 4 morpho whch admits abasic dfermaion 1 {2 rorgion f° for whch Intra Rien-Rook has. The Iter ism Rodh hold orf with th ame RiomamsRoch clement Prof, eatin withthe proof of Theorem 13, replacing p bye: dat root eid not rege p to bea ing homomorphism (CHAPTER IL Grothendieck Filtration and Graded K “The object of the ft two sections i 0 conte fom ing Ka rade lng Grk, with a Chem cht homomorphism sag the properties of Chap 1 5 IM §1. The y-Filtration We kK be a ring asin Chap $1 Define the operations by he sven 1) =a a(t) “200 Since it 1) = i another parameter generating the power srs ing (Ca) = 8100, ve se that the ao defig = ing sre om Ki that I fr all Dostive Integers & we ave PU) 1G) aad Yorn Evento Aion, lus medi fom he definion that Wf wel, wee Me-Dat +008 andere D=0 foe Uo nt 9-5 ado At-w)=C-w! for 20« caomenouck mmaion ano onaneo «(HL $4) Propoon LL Let € be psig lemons of K wth) =m. Then e Erte ment Eatene— 17-4 ° Tem) = Ease) Proc, or the efiton of sing x DEW rable we Bet ue vse) ~ Exowa or we=m as flO Setting v=" and malig by yi Gh or (b),set Din) aad wee Lemma Sof Chapter rena Sar -Feammee ree 134 poe opin Fen bent PoP =e wt et 7) ih 1 imi serif that thie dees Baton, and Fs an a) PRD = (HN LE PED 4 HERD andthe ft txm on the ihitand side longs to °° Te convnunt to bave the fiestion defined er all ates, so we et PK for nso. on. ve eseaion * Sec the augmentation gies a homomorphism of K nto Z we hive a stn omerpas PPL = KiKere We note tat in cae Ks gonerted by Hine elements then Fis generated over Z by elomeats w= 1 with WL, abd Fowy for al 121 Indeat (= Dl = ry = DP, so (P= Convery, t suis (© prove that xe CF or all PS) ade Ko From the water pte 1) and it 1) ahah we de ‘ved pevioaly he dese incase flows tose Graded Splting Property. Geno postive element €£K, sae exis ring extension Ke (oth inslation rela tach tha oral apes 20, [At Chapter 1 2, we comer the exanon Kaa here £ ide poner 00 of the egution Femenn0 Fiom Popostion 11(@, setlag ¢= 1-7 we we that ¢—1 bs the ferro ofthe equation [ Become sexe For presen purposes it convene 10 let Hoar