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  • Teoria EDP Eliptica (Expo 1 (1-4), Expo 2 (5-7), Expo 3 (8-9) )

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    Teoria EDP eliptica [expo 1 (1-4), expo 2 (5-7), expo 3(8-9)]

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    9 views9 pages

    Teoria EDP Eliptica (Expo 1 (1-4), Expo 2 (5-7), Expo 3 (8-9) )

    Uploaded by

    raull
    manuu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 9
    Latve duciea Tipos de comacrters oes (a) Poisson’s equation. v 2 Nucelve Au= f(x), xeQ. In this case, P (x,£) = P(€) = |é|?, thus the cquation is elliptic on its do- main 2. (b) The heat equation. oan = Sf (x1), (x,t) € 2 x (0,00) Here w= u(x,t), Au = Dj, EY and a isa nonzero coefficient. For this equation, where the unknown function w depends on n+ 1 variables (n spatial variables x1. 22, .... Xn and the time variable ¢), we have P (8) = —a* Sa &}, € € R"*!. Thus the heat equation is parabolic on 2 x (0, 00) . (c) The wave equation. ae SY Au = f(x.t), (x,t) €@ x 0,00). are As above, one has P (£) = &74— a? D716], § © R"*!. It follows that the wave equation is hyperbolic on @ x (0,00). Typos de CemdicturS de Frewtera 14.1 Boundary Value Problems for Poisson’s Equation (em dee na (a) The Dirichlet problem. ‘Let 2 C R" be a bounded open set and f € C(Q), ¢ €C (A) be given functions. Find u € C?(2)NC(B) such that Hawg race A 2 {au;7 egg. eweede 950 (17) (b) The Neumann problem. Let $2 C R" be a bounded open set of class C! and f €C (2), g € C (92) be given functions. Find u € C? (2) C2) such that Au=f in@ 1.8) { wg on 92. oe Recall that by $4 we mean the normal derivative () The Robin problem. This problem is also known as the third boundary value problem: { Au=f in @ 6 Meau=g on dR. as) Marsh? Beacon de Petia com coadiciw de Dividhlet (a) The Dirichlet problem. Let 2 C R" be a bounded open set and f € C(Q). g €C (AQ) be given functions. Find u € C2 (2). C(B) such that Au=f in (oy on a2. an AS By acclassical-solution of problem 4,39). we mean a function u € om) pointwise satisfies equalities (4, a Si No Sinwpyr emote gel es ened elf sis p ‘ te st exuhivey cule creas deliles dt avs Lis walsh t xurt Lyeteasl Ge view 3 contigs tle yavlawas vane? tie Voaviac sal Lew > 1) Theorem 3.1 (Green's formulas). Let 2 C R" be a bounded open set of vt - —— class C!. py IDL ef BWrviedsA CU de dim we] (9M ee leclgncte = (2 ‘| (a) WE C1) and we C2@), then Cereesnr Fete) Ch dethanmels vidio =f, (w Aut V¥- Vw dv. G) faa OM, 2 deviveds aermal lopeiwal) Proof Since ye CM®) and we C22), we have aur F:=wVuc C'(2:R"). Be ude vector > anal Also | wo KOM div FawAut we Ve 2 AL ew xed Furthermore, Green’s first formula (G1) is a direct consequence of the divergence hero eal quiew Woes de etleale 3 rl wo) ob a} & sa Lema 2)(Dn Bis Rayan c*] Proposigao 3: Seja f € L},.(9) tal que 1 J seretaae 0, 9 ecu) (iF gente =) Foo oN) Entao f = 0 em quase toda parte. Theorem 3.12 (Dirichlet’s principle). Let @ C R" be a bounded open set of class C! and let u € C? (®) 9 Cd (Q). Then the following statements are equivalent: 1 4 al, 20 (i) wis the classical solution of problem (3.20). Cy WL) s ¢ wed ly / an (ii) u satisfies the Variational identity” tld igateet») [,crrw=snar=o for all v € Cg (2) G21) Pvurko i) Dtia] Mabie. (229) per WE CIN) ob A tatwos -Au v= f.v TatoyvomeS Sax Vay e Ven bee JL i -(fvaude _ [aus dx) = [ fv de an i JU wv O [pg VET an) Pur bveen =) Fans dx > [ey be Uy) 04) Peluswde waevawert la Gireub de Gree a le ean 2:27 doteurmes _ J (ange )v de = 9 weve CH a Vo coms AEF ce coationy on ML, gee eh devs dt Ns Beic Roywand cxdayt gar -Aws F > Ug sducd Atta de (3.20) Nurgtee evden (225) toms la For m2 vowtactans | % 2 FEC) | cneerande dd Faseional Le H Jin] > 1 3 fannie wel UL) tab gue v a tel=[fv oe 5 ( 1 NN (quov x TW) wv eH, Cee pet ond Se Cafe Pate get bo satel exith ) ex seat distebn cs e0| avels q cond of e 2 - t oxists 2 pon gat on oss Wanye (wel / gw el) y Vig? Is iatrgal Caney n op. de Hilbert cy Pa SY yMayys s Soya) a t Cay, a> - _ — < wale + Jaw, wy (Nore tll ® Deh a,| Se uw Definition 3.3. Let @ C R" be a bounded open set and let f € L?(2). By a weak solution (ot generalized solution) of Dirichlet problem (3.20), we mean a function v € Hé (Q) which satisfies identity (988). Existenta y uverdotf qure/ g(a >& ta a Lew> CORTE eee 3cyo/ 7 Jalanyjec Ina My Sea a(,) : V x V + Runa forma bilineal, coerciva y acotada ;, sobre el espacio de Hilbert V. Entonces, para cada funcién CFs thay) lineal acotada, f € V’ existe un unico u € V con: a(u,v)=f(v), YWweVv Idea QW Gquovc Lety) — Csaluctaonin d preltma varioceeal Ok) J Teerersd | Lo cual e¥ la Ecuacion de Poisson en el problema de Dirichlet en el a 8) espacio de Sobolev. Ahora veremos 4 existe soluci6n y si es unica. (oduct _ Definiremos: Tip) esaHlbet Pesta Sea a: Hi(2) x Hi(Q) >R Ke Definida por: ae cents diatoms atuv) = [ vuvvas (veviwes gat es fe 2 Lattarsl cerrina ya ) Ademas L: Hi(Q) +R Definido por: wt 6S vias uw) = | ta aera \rral setods ) In 1. Bilineal: Sea A, € Ry u,v,w € H'(Q) Liaraldad au uw) = [ vous avyewar = [ (wu + wvyywwae 2 T2Gmierdy Q 2 =a | vuvwar +n | vvew ar Q Q = Aa(u, w) + pa(v, Ww) Jevvdba s¢ deduce de |e simrteis Aly) = Al, a dreds 2. contiuidaa:(2"*! Probaremos que: |a(u, v)| < C|lul|1||v\l41,C <0 La continuidad se obtiene gracias a la desigualdad de Cauchy-Schwartz, en efecto: Lo liweatded lau, v)| -\[ vuvvar| < [ \vulvviax A A 12 42 < ( [ivuear) ([,vv? x) | , é (fm + feuds) (Soe + (tov) a) * ye o -«k ea th (ey, < lady Nilay 3) Convene | Usovewes les vesalbades (Designed dr Poinaee ) . > Proposition 8.77. Let © CR" be « bounded, open, domain. There erists a constant & (depending on the domain) such that [eras fv 4(2)? te holds true for each w¢ Hi(Q). etn estes, toll, ¢ Gata) + 4 cH, U2) ° Using the Poincaré inequality, we obtain 1 1 afu,u) = [ |Vul? dz = 3 [ [Vul? de + sf |Vul? de o 2Io 24o oh f \wutar+ 3 de > i min(1, +)|juls 25 [ult des see fwtde > 5 mint gli oOo uy } Finalmente L : Hj(Q) + Rcon Lv) = Jolvdx = (f,v) es lineay continua. (\) Les lineal: En efecto: Vu, v € Hj(Q), A,a € RB se tiene: Lau + pv) = [ f(\u + pv) dx Jn =a [tudes u f ted 2 2 = AL(u) + wL(v). Luego L es lineal. (ii) Les continua: Para f ¢ L?(Q), probaremos que |L(v)| < Clg ium = | [woe < [itimiox < (neal “(meen)” Vo, , 4 < (fee) (i + for) +) Canchy = Sth auta, L = Cells ( vt eisvil)" = IF vl =) Lig th eowtiota ce cen gtowte Lely Oo al - [vuvv L Ww) = Fv 6 Mv) fe y F Ve ° _ M Coticfuce bs tendons de Lox Milove ati faus =) Al veh! tlax fomsy = (FY =) a Wcelwcice agbil dele cosa ft se V EHS! Poicten con ead. dr Davrelet 3.5 Uniqueness and Continuous Dependence on Data for the Dirichlet Problem pgvy sducvews 15 sher4 Hewowi®5 + Theorem 3.5 (weak maximum principle). Let 2 C R" be a bounded open set and w€ C2(2) CQ). If Au >0 in Q and u <0 on AQ, then u <0 in 2. Goa dewwstuacid’n (ne & to) (Covdovie) Theorem 3.7 fa priori estimation). Ler 2 C R"_ be a bounded open set. If f €C(Q), g € C (AQ) and u € C?(Q)A CQ) is the solution of problem (1.1), then lule@ < Isle@ay + elfle@> G9) where c is a positive constant only depending on 2. (Golegstovie) (Proof) Since 2 is bounded, there isa § > 0 such that [x1] < 8 for every X €@, where x1 is the first component of x. Consider the function »@):= Igle@a) +(e") leg. x €@ Ttisclearthat v > 0 on 2. Also, we have Comdteiones f A (uv) (x) = f (x) + |fleg > 0 in Q del tent oe Ah we Gate x 3 ans (4 =») (@) = 8) Ieleaa)~ (@—e"**) [fle@ <% on a2. a wy eee The weak maximum principle implies that uv —v < 0 in 9. Similarly, we etfoe deduce that —u—v <0 in 2. Hence |u|

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