Conceptual framework of stigma

and the RESHAPE intervention

Persons Empathic Helping

in distress response behaviors

Survival Social Professional Persons in distress

threats threats threats viewed as outgroup
universal status or workplace members and
tangible prestige competency empathic response
threat threat threat curtailed

Social engagement with service users and aspirational figures

mitigates outgroup status arising from identity threats
Reduce survival Reduce social threats Reduce professional
threats ● Aspirational figures threats
● Time spent with describe social ● Interaction with
service users without benefits of providing service users in
experiencing violence care recovery
● Engagement with ● Group process of ● Aspirational figures
family members and health workers accounts of recovery
aspirational figure accepting one another ● PhotoVoice images
● Transformative during training of meaningful
narratives from ● Social praise of productive lives after
violence to non- health workers from treatment
violence through service users and their
treatment family members

Medical anthropology theories emphasize ‘what matters most’ in

threats generating stigma. Survival, professional performance, and
social group shape ‘what matters most’ for healthcare workers.

Social psychology theories predict perpetuating and mitigating factors for in-group vs.
out-group distinctions and types of interactions to transform group distinctions such as
common goals, shared experiences, and mutual values.

Sauharda Rai. University of Washington. 2020.