Intermediate English E-Workbook

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Contents
COURSE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................... 3
CONTACT INFORMATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
UNIT 1: MOVING IN ................................................................................................................................................ 4
UNIT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
ONLINE VOCABULARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
SUPPLEMENTAL VOCABULARY .................................................................................................................................................. 8
CONVERSATION EXERCISES ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
GRAMMAR EXERCISES .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
UNIT 2: GETTING A JOB ........................................................................................................................................ 12
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
ONLINE VOCABULARY .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
SUPPLEMENTAL VOCABULARY ................................................................................................................................................ 16
CONVERSATION EXERCISES .................................................................................................................................................... 17
UNIT 3: A DAY AT WORK ..................................................................................................................................... 22

UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
UNIT 4: MAKING FRIENDS ................................................................................................................................... 32
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
UNIT 5: BUYING A CAR ......................................................................................................................................... 40

UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 40
UNIT 6: A DAY IN TOWN ...................................................................................................................................... 49
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
1

UNIT 7: SURVIVING THE HOLIDAYS .................................................................................................................... 62
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
UNIT 8: STAYING HEALTHY ................................................................................................................................. 72

UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 72
UNIT 9: HOME SWEET HOME............................................................................................................................... 85
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 85
UNIT 10: SUMMER ADVENTURES ........................................................................................................................ 95
UNIT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................ 95
CONVERSATION EXERCISES .................................................................................................................................................. 100
GRAMMAR EXERCISES ........................................................................................................................................................ 102
INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH E‐WORKBOOK ANSWER KEY ................................................................................. 104

UNIT 1 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 104
UNIT 2 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 106
UNIT 3 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 108
UNIT 4 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 110
UNIT 5 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 112
UNIT 6 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 115
UNIT 7 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 119
UNIT 8 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 121
UNIT 9 ANSWERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 124
UNIT 10 ANSWERS ............................................................................................................................................................ 126
© 2014, Transparent Language, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This document may contain other product and corporate names, which may
be trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies, and which are used only for explanation without intent to infringe.
2

Course Description
This course will equip you with the necessary everyday‐life language skills to prepare you for various aspects
of life in the U.S., including essential grammar forms, useful vocabulary words and phrases, and practical
conversational skills.
You will be introduced to a series of characters who are establishing a life in the United States. Elliott Wright
is a single 25 year old British citizen who relocates to Boston in order to study at Harvard Medical School.
The Parkers are a family of four who move from Pennsylvania to California. As you progress through the 10
units of this course, this cast will help you learn essential skills for moving to and living in the United States.
Contact Information
Customer feedback is the most important aspect of the continual process of improving our products. We
look forward to your feedback, comments, questions, and suggestions.
Please contact Transparent Language, Inc.:
PHONE:
Customer Service, Sales :
General Customers: (800) 567‐9619 or (603) 262‐6300
Government and CL‐150 Customers: (800) 538‐8867 or (603) 262‐6402
Technical Support :
General Support: (603) 262‐6300
Government and CL‐150 Support: (603) 262‐6401
FAX:
Orders, Technical Support: (603) 262‐6476
E‐MAIL:
Orders, General Information: info@transparent.com
Technical Support :
General Support: support@transparent.com
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WEB PAGE:
Main Site, Store, Technical Support: http://www.transparent.com
Government and CL‐150 Resources : http://usg.transparent.com
MAILING ADDRESS:
Transparent Language, Inc.
12 Murphy Drive
Nashua, NH 03062
USA
3

Unit 1: Moving In
Unit Objectives

After completing this unit, students will be able to:

 Describe relationships and activities in the community
 Talk about chores and responsibilities
 Describe common home routines
 Identify cleaning objects and products
 Describe basic repairs and work tasks around the home
 Use expressions of agreement and disagreement as well as of apology
Vocabulary:
 Household routines
 Chores and cleaning supplies
 Home problems and maintenance
Grammar:
 Phrasal verbs
 Reciprocal pronouns

4

Online Vocabulary

Unit 1 Lesson 1
to narrow down to remove choices or leave fewer options
apartment a housing unit in a larger building with other similar units
condo a housing unit which is part of an association (short for
"condominium")
within walking distance close enough to walk to
graduate student a person studying for an advanced degree at a university,
after receiving a Bachelor's degree
to have a point to present a valid argument
culture shock unfamiliar feelings when adjusting to a different society
to relate to something to understand something from personal experience
to get used to something to become comfortable with something
before you know it more quickly than one might think
housing various places to live
top ranked in the highest place or best position
studio a small apartment that only has one room
rent money for housing, usually paid monthly
condo fee monthly amount a condo owner pays for the maintenance
of the building
to go through something to experience something
renter's insurance a policy a renter can buy to protect their property in the
apartment
to be worth it to have enough benefit to justify the effort
neighborhood a community of homes in a city or town
furnished with furniture
slang informal, casual language not usually found in dictionaries
to adapt to change in response to something
demands responsibilities placed on someone
reference a description of someone's character

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Unit 1 Lesson 2
paperwork documents or forms
to lease to sign an agreement to rent something for a certain length
of time
time flies time feels like it is passing quickly
on file saved
acceptance letter written notification that a person has been admitted to
school
as long as if
statement a financial report
to make a decision to choose an option
rental agreement a document listing details about a lease
entirely completely
property a real estate unit, either housing or land
landlord a person who owns housing that they rent out to other
people
requirement something that is necessary for something else to happen
tenant a person who rents housing from a landlord
delighted very happy, pleased
foreigner a person who is from another country
concern something that makes someone worry

Unit 1 Lesson 3
transportation a means of traveling from one place to another
eager wanting to do something very much
to check something out to look at, to find out about something
single without a romantic partner, not married
appliance a machine used in the home
laundry room an area for washing clothes
washer a machine that washes clothes
dryer a machine that dries clothes
budget a financial plan for managing money
cost of living the cost of daily basic necessities
to request to ask for
to be running late to not be on time
utilities services such as heat, water, electricity
optional not required, by personal choice
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Unit 1 Lesson 4
hire employee
to handle to be responsible for
contract a legal agreement
to be honest to tell someone what you really think or to tell the truth
to move to change from one living area to another
to unpack to take things out of bags or boxes
to have a lot going on to have many things happening at one time
luckily fortunately
to be clear on to have an understanding about something
to clarify to explain something clearly, so it's easier to understand
in advance ahead of time
supervisor someone who is in charge of people
to approve to give official agreement or permission to something
to compensate to pay someone
overtime extra hours that someone works at a job beyond the normal
number of hours
profits the money that is made in a business after costs have been
paid for
to reimburse to pay someone back the amount of money spent
listed present on a list
directory a list of names with information such as address, telephone
number, etc.
to stop by to briefly visit somewhere

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Supplemental Vocabulary

Gabrielle's Blog
mortgage an agreement where you borrow money from the bank to
buy a house
to pay up front if you pay something up front, it means you give money to a
company or landlord before you move into your home
on the market for sale
real estate agent a person who connects buyers and sellers of property, and
is only paid if he or she makes a sale
appliance a household machine, such as a refrigerator, stove, air‐
conditioning unit, etc.

Emphasizing Adverbs
definitely without doubt (used for emphasis); certainly, surely
absolutely without no limitation; totally; completely
exactly as you say (used to indicate agreement); accurately,
precisely
not at all definitely not

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Conversation Exercises

I. Inquiring about an apartment: Imagine that you see an ad for an apartment and it seems like a good
one. You call the landlord to find out more about this place. Write a question that matches the landlord's
answer.

__________? Two bedrooms, one bath.
____________________________________ ? Gas and water are included. You need to pay for
electricity yourself.
__________ ? Cats are allowed but dogs aren't.
____________________________________ ? Every unit comes with a washing machine and a
dryer.
__________ ? It will be available on March 1st.
____________________________________ ? There's street parking in front of the apartment.
____________________________________ ? You must notify me 1 month before you intend to
leave.
____________________________________ ? Yes, there is. The security deposit is 2 times the rent.
____________________________________ ? No, the place doesn't come furnished.
____________________________________ ? L‐shaped.
____________________________________ ? Fridge, stove, washer & dryer, and three window
A/C units.

II. Setting up an appointment: You like what you've heard so far, so you want to arrange a time to meet
with the landlord and see the place. Write a question that matches the answer.

You: _________________________________________?
Landlord: You can see it this Monday if you'd like.
You: _________________________________________?
Landlord: Sure, Tuesday is fine.
You: _________________________________________?
Landlord: Well, afternoons work better for me.
You: _________________________________________?
Landlord: 5 p.m. sounds good.
You: _________________________________________?
Landlord: Yes, it's close to the bus stop. After you get off the bus, walk one block in the same direction.
You'll see the apartment building on your left.

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III. Before signing the rental contract: Now that you've seen the place, you want to sign the contract.
Before you do that, you want to ask some important questions. Fill in the blanks with the correct
word/phrase from the word bank and change the form where applicable.

You: If I'm late with my payment, is there a _____________________?
You: If I need to move out earlier than the contract ends, can I ______________ my place to someone?
You: If I need to leave before my contract ends, do I have to pay any _______________________?
You: Do you require __________________________?
You: Under which circumstances is it okay to ________________ the lease without penalties?
You: Which fees are ___________________________?
You: Do I ________________ my contract month‐to‐month or for another year after my lease ends?
You: What day of the month is the rent ________________?

Word Bank
to break lease breaking fees

renter's insurance to renew due

to sublet non‐refundable penalty

Grammar Exercises

Review the grammar sections of unit 1 and then complete the exercises below.

I. Degrees of Comparison: Write the correct form of comparison in each sentence.

1) That house needs a lot of repairs. It is ________________ (old) house in the neighborhood.
2) The weather was much _________________ (warm) in New York than in California last week.
3) I got an A on my essay. It is by far _____________ (good) essay that I've written.
4) We are going to be ____________________ (busy) next month than we are at the moment.
5) His book is _______________ (exciting) book that I have ever read.
6) You broke my vase! You need to be ____________________ (cautious) next time you vacuum.
7) I am _________________ (lucky) girl in the world.
8) Your dress looks _________________ (pretty) with a belt on.
9) This is ___________________ (hot) year in Minnesota on record.
10) I can't believe you just said that! It is _________________ (stupid) thing I've ever heard.

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II. Impersonal Statements: Pick the correct word (one, they, you) for the sentences below.

1) ____________ wouldn't think that she just gave birth. She looks so skinny.

2) That's the least ___________can do for a friend in need.

3) ___________can see the stars on a clear night.

4) _____________ can't be too careful.

5) _____________ can't always get what ____________ want.

6) _____________say that time heals all wounds.

7) _____________ don't teach _________ this in school.

8) How does ________ get to the Mall of America from the airport?

9) _____________ mine diamonds in that part of Africa, don't they?

10) If ______________wants to succeed, ____________ should try hard.

III. Modal auxiliary verb "must": Complete the second sentence based on the first sentence.

1) She is really ill. She _______________________!

2) The gate closes in half an hour. You _________________________.

3) This is a secret. You ______________________________.

4) The deadline for this application is coming up soon. He _________________________________.

5) This is the last train back home. We ____________________________.

6) You did warn me about him. ______________you ____________________________?

7) I can't believe he married her! He _______________________________.

8) No one answers the door. They _________________________________.

9) I can't stand it when you do that. _____________you_______________________?

10) Your turn will come. You ______________________________.
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Unit 2: Getting a Job
Unit Objectives


 Understand requirements for a particular job
 Answer interview questions about life, education, and experience
 Negotiate basic work‐related requirements
 Identify different levels of language proficiency
 Talk about future career plans and goals
 Report a conversation to others

Vocabulary:
 Terms of employment
 Work environment
 Benefits
 Colloquial expressions

Grammar:
 Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses
 Preposition + "‐ing" constructions
 Passive Voice

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Online Vocabulary

Unit 2 Lesson 1
financial advisor a person who gives advice on matters involving money
fast‐paced moving or happening quickly
proficient very good at something one has learned
skill an ability that needs special training or experience
independently by oneself, not depending on others
team leader someone who is responsible for organizing the work done
within a group
to collaborate to work with others to make something happen
previous something before the thing being talked about
application a written request for acceptance
salary a set sum of money that is earned from a job
benefits compensation provided by a company in addition to the
salary, such as health insurance
performance the way someone does a job
raise an increase in the amount of money made at a job
promotion a move to a higher position in a company
health insurance a type of policy that pays for medical treatment
coverage the goods or treatments that are paid for under an
insurance policy
premium the amount a person pays for insurance, usually paid
monthly
handful a situation that is difficult to manage
retirement the period of time in a person's life when they have stopped
working
401(k) an account in which to save money without paying taxes
to hand in to deliver something to someone

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Unit 2 Lesson 2
available ready to be used or obtained
to expect to be waiting for someone or something
to specialize in something to become an expert in an area of study or a profession
pediatric medicine the medical practice that focuses on treating children
research the study of a subject in order to learn new information
community service work done for free to help the community
to sail to operate or ride in a boat or ship powered by wind
to water ski to ride the water's surface on skis while being pulled by a
boat
to surf to ride waves in the sea on a board
to benefit from something to receive an advantage from a situation
expertise an advanced skill that someone gains through study or
experience
flexible able to change, move, or bend easily
to set up to arrange for something to happen
to reach someone to make contact with someone

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Unit 2 Lesson 3
hire employee
to handle to be responsible for
contract a legal agreement
to be honest to tell someone what you really think or to tell the truth
to move to change from one living area to another
to unpack to take things out of bags or boxes
to have a lot going on to have many things happening at one time
luckily fortunately
to be clear on to have an understanding about something
to clarify to explain something clearly, so it's easier to understand
in advance ahead of time
supervisor someone who is in charge of people
to approve to give official agreement or permission to something
to compensate to pay someone
overtime extra hours that someone works at a job beyond the normal
number of hours
profits the money that is made in a business after costs have been
paid for
to reimburse to pay someone back the amount of money spent
listed present on a list
directory a list of names with information such as address, telephone
number, etc.
to stop by to briefly visit somewhere

15

Unit 2 Lesson 4

so far until now
athletic physically strong and good at sports
though however (used after an adjective to add surprise to the
statement)
active involved in many activities, energetic
to be fit to be in good physical health
to look forward to to feel excited about something that is going to happen
meeting a time when people get together to talk and make decisions
to get to to arrive at a place
department a group or section within an organization
to get involved in to participate in
to come up to arise in thought or in a discussion
project a planned unit of work


Gabrielle's Blog
cultural norms behaviors that are considered acceptable (normal) in
society
résumé also called "CV", a document that lists your personal,
educational and professional experience
achievements on a resume, any awards or honors you have received
etiquette a set of rules for how to behave in social situations
first impression what people think when they first meet you
no‐no something bad or inappropriate
modest not willing to talk about achievements and abilities

Colloquial Expressions
The pleasure is (all) mine. used to say "you're welcome" after someone thanks you for
your work or as a response to "It was a pleasure to meet
you."
You can say that again! an expression to show full agreement on something
Look at the time. used to say "I'd better go or else I will be late."

16


I. Job interview questions: Write a well‐composed reply to each interview question, using present perfect
and past simple tenses. You don't have to limit your response to one line only.

1. Have you ever had difficulty working with a manager or a co‐worker?

____________________________________________________

2. Have you ever worked on a project as part of a team? What was your role?

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Have you ever faced any problems or challenges at work? How did you handle them?

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Have you ever worked on a project or in a position where you used your strengths?

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Have you ever dealt with a company policy you didn't agree with? How?

__________________________________________________________________________________

6. Have you had to convince a team to work on a project they weren't thrilled about? How did you do it?

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. Have you ever gone above and beyond the call of duty? If so, how?

__________________________________________________________________________________

17

II. Meeting with the HR manager: Imagine that you've just received your job offer and you are invited to
meet with the HR manager to discuss the job terms and benefits. Fill in the blanks with the correct

You: Does the company provide health insurance ________________?

HR: Sure, we offer comprehensive coverage with a low _______________.

You: Great. Can you tell me more about the other _______________ of this job?

HR: Certainly. We offer ________________ pay for any work you do beyond your normal working hours and
we have a good 401K _______________ plan.
You: Sounds good. When do you usually get a ___________________?

HR: That depends on how long you've been working here and your ____________________.

You: Can you ___________________the first part please?

HR: Sure, you need to be employed here for at least 6 months. After that, you can ______________ bonuses
and changes to your ____________.
You: If I want to take several days off, do I need to notify you _________________________?

HR: We are quite ______________ with that, but you should give us at least a week's notice.

You: Thank you very much for all the information. If I have other questions, can I ___________________
your office?

HR: You are very welcome. It's better if you call first to ____________________ an appointment or you can
always _________ me by email. Have a great first day at work!
You: Thank you. Bye.

Word Bank

ahead of time to expect benefits to clarify

to reach overtime flexible coverage

flexible to stop by premium retirement

raise performance to set up salary

18

Grammar Exercises


I. Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses: Fill in the blanks using the correct tense and negation where
needed.

1) Last year we _____________ (visit) the ancient sites in Italy.

2) I ________________ (be) enrolled in this program since 2012.

3) The girls ________________ (have) their lunch yet.

4) She _________________ (buy) her current car in 2011.

5) We _________________ (see) the Pacific coast yet.

6) I _____________ (meet) him two days ago.

7) Jill and James _____________________ (become) very interested in bungee jumping lately.

8) You ___________________ (grow) so much since the last time I __________________ (see) you.

9) I ________________ (see) that movie three times already. In fact, just this past weekend I
______________ (see) it at Linda's place.
10) You and I ________________ (know) each other for 10 years.

19

II. Preposition + "‐ing" constructions: The gerund (‐ing form) must be used when a verb comes after a
preposition (in, at, against, by, on, of, about, without, instead of, after).

Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions and change the verbs in parentheses to gerunds (pay attention to
spelling changes).

1) I have absolutely no interest ________ (listen) ___________to all her petty stories.

2) You can improve your English ________ (keep) _________ a journal and (watch) ________YouTube
videos.

3) I went straight home ________ (leave) __________the party.

4) You can't learn a language ___________ (make) __________ mistakes.

5) I am pretty good ________ (draw)_________animal and human figures.

6) She is tired _____ all the (nag) __________ and (complain) ____________ that her husband does.

7) You should just come clean ____________ (lie) _________to your girlfriend.

8) We need to keep __________ (go) ___________.

9) He is really sad _____________ (lose) _________his job.

10) I don't object __________ (work) _____________this weekend.

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III. Passive Voice: Passive voice is used when we do not know who committed the action or when we want
to emphasize the action, not the doer. It is especially common in scientific writing; however even in
scientific writing it can cloud the meaning of your sentences if you use it too often. Using active voice
helps keep the meaning of your sentences clear and not too complicated.

Turn the active voice sentences below into passive voice sentences and vice versa.

1) Someone left the front door open earlier. ________________________________________________.

2) The letter was mailed by Mary. _________________________________________________________.

3) My father built this violin. _____________________________________________________________.

4) Three men, posing as janitors, stole three Vermeer paintings from the Louvre last night.

_____________________________________________________________________________________.

5) The cake was picked up by James. _______________________________________________________.

6) They damaged our cargo during the trans‐Atlantic flight.

_____________________________________________________________________________________.

7) A mistake was made by me when entering this information into the database.

_____________________________________________________________________________________.

8) A massive storm flooded the capital city and left many people homeless.

_____________________________________________________________________________________.

9) The fish was caught by the seagull. ______________________________________________________.

10) The bill requires a two‐thirds majority to pass.

_____________________________________________________________________________________.
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Unit 3: A Day at Work
Unit Objectives


 Describe job‐related routines in the office
 Follow instructions and issue commands/requests in a work environment
 Identify communication channels with colleagues, managers, or clients
 Talk about office work processes and competencies
 Make professional phone calls
 Leave formal and informal phone messages
 Demonstrate interest during everyday conversations

Vocabulary:
 Phone answering
 Computer safety
 Office routines
 Conversation strategies: "Go on!", "Really?", "Wow!"

Grammar:
 Possessive construction
 Modal verbs "could" and "would"
 Adverbial clauses of purpose

22

Online Vocabulary

Unit 3 Lesson 1
to give someone a tour to show someone around a place and describe it in detail
to get an idea of something to better understand something
to fit in to become comfortable being part of a group
to try one's best to do something as well as one can
office supplies things that are used in an office, such as pencils, paper,
staples, etc.
to be in charge of something to be responsible for something
amount quantity
limit the maximum amount allowed
bulk in large quantities, usually at a discounted price
to fill out to add necessary information to an official document or
form
form a standard document with empty spaces to put in
information
deadline a time or date by which something needs to be finished
efficient working quickly and well while using little resources
internally happening inside an organization
method a way of doing something
open‐door policy a policy when someone is available at any time, without
appointment
CEO Chief Executive Officer, the most senior manager in a
company
friendly pleasant and helpful

23

Unit 3 Lesson 2
to respond to react by doing what is needed or expected
to access to enter or open stored information on the computer
to take a look at to try to fix a problem with something
message a piece of written or spoken information sent to someone
to mention to briefly talk about something
link hyperlink, a piece of text that can be clicked to connect to
new information
screen a flat surface that displays images on a device
to go black to become completely black
victim someone who has been harmed during a crime or accident
virus a program designed to harm a computer
damaged hurt or broken
relief the relaxed feeling that comes after fear or worry has ended
vigilant aware and careful
cautious careful to avoid problems or danger

Unit 3 Lesson 3
What's up? "What's happening?" or "How are you?"
barbecue a social gathering outdoors, at which food is cooked over an
open flame
to come over to visit a place, usually someone's home
guacamole a sauce made of avocado and spices
appetizer a food that someone eats before the main part of a meal
flan a small, sweet dish made from cream, eggs, and sugar with
soft caramel on top
delicious having a very good taste or smell
perfectionist someone who always wants things done perfectly or
without mistakes
open with no plans
careless making mistakes or not thinking about what he or she is
doing
to get distracted to not be able to concentrate or think about something
teenager a person between the ages of 13 and 19
to get behind to be late with the work someone is responsible for
to get to work to start working
bonus extra money given in addition to regular pay
by the way used for introducing a new topic in a conversation
24

Unit 3 Lesson 4
missed call a phone call that someone wasn't able to answer
to wonder to be curious about something
voicemail a recorded phone message
Pediatric Orthopedic Center a medical center providing care related to children's bones,
muscles, joints, and ligaments
opening a job or position that is available
intern a student working at a job to gain experience in his or her
field of study
interview a meeting in which someone asks another person questions
job description a list of responsibilities connected to a job
awesome very impressive, excellent
accent a way of saying words that shows what social class, region,
or country someone comes from
background behind or around the main object or person
to celebrate to do something enjoyable in order to show an occasion is
special


Gabrielle's Blog
sarcastic when someone is sarcastic, they often say comments that
are the exact opposite of what they mean, in order to be
funny or critical
give me five said when someone wants to "high five" you, "five"
referring to the five fingers
A‐OK everything is fine or "no problem"
cross your fingers (keep your fingers crossed) to hope that things will happen in the way you want them
to

25

Business Vocabulary
incentive a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something
streamline to make (an organization or system) more efficient and
effective by employing faster or simpler working methods
personnel people employed in an organization or engaged in an
organized undertaking such as military service
entrepreneur a person who organizes and operates a business or
businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in
order to do so
capital wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a
person or organization or available or contributed for a
particular purpose such as starting a company or investing
venture a business enterprise involving considerable risk
commission a fee or percentage paid to a sales representative or an
agent for services rendered
letterhead the heading at the top of a sheet of letter paper, usually
consisting of a name and an address; stationery imprinted
with such a heading
break even to gain an amount equal to that invested, as in a
commercial venture
cold call a telephone call or visit made to someone who is not known
or not expecting contact, often in order to sell something

26


I. Making professional phone calls: Imagine that you work at the ABC Company as a purchasing associate
and would like to schedule an appointment with a wholesales manager, Mr. Ramirez, at the XYZ
Company, to talk about wholesale options for your company. Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases.

XYZ Secretary: Good afternoon, this is XYZ Company. How may I direct your call?

You: __________________________________________________?

XYZ Secretary: One moment please, I'll transfer you.

You: _____________.

Mr. Ramirez: Hi, Oscar Ramirez from wholesales speaking.

You: __________________________________________________________________________.

Mr. Ramirez: Hello Mr./Mrs. ….. How may I help you?

You:_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
Mr. Ramirez: We can definitely do that.

You: _____________________________________________?

Mr. Ramirez: Sure, Wednesday the 6th is fine. Shall we say 11 am?

You: _____________________________.

Mr. Ramirez: When you come in, ask for me at the front desk and I will come downstairs to meet you.

You: __________________________________________.

Mr. Ramirez: Me too. Have a nice day.

You: ________________________.

27

II. Getting to know your colleagues: Mark has recently started working at a company, where he also
interned in the past, and he is meeting and getting acquainted with his new colleagues. He sees the IT
technician, Amy, and decides to make small talk. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the
word bank and change the form where applicable.

Mark: Hi, I'm Mark. What's your name?
Amy: Nice to meet you, Mark. I'm Amy.
You: Nice to meet you, Amy.
Amy: So, what's your_____________?
Mark: Well, I am the new junior marketing associate. I ______________ here when I was a student at the
University of Wisconsin a few years back. How about you?
Amy: I _________________the computer networking systems here. So if you ever need IT help, just send me
a _______________.
Mark: That's great. Actually, I was wondering if you could ___________________ my computer.
Amy: Sure. What seems to be the problem?
Mark: I can't ______________ my email account.
Amy: Oh, that's because we are doing our quarterly server maintenance today, so it should be back up in
half an hour or so.
Mark: That's good to hear. I was worried about _____________________ with my emails.
Amy: Yes, I understand. _________________, we are having a surprise party for the boss at the Rec center
to ______________ her 50th birthday. You should _______________!
Mark: That sounds awesome. Just email me the details and I'll be there.
Amy: Sure thing. Well, I'd better _______________. See you later.
Mark: Yep, see you!

Word Bank

to come over mention celebrate

to be in charge of something

to get (back) to work background access

to take a look at to get behind intern

awesome message by the way

28

Grammar Exercises


I. Possessive Constructions using "‐'s": Fill in the blanks with the nouns in parentheses using ‐'s.
1) This is _____________ book. (Marty)

2) That's the _____________ house right there. (Smiths)

3) The _______________ room is upstairs. (children)

4) This ___________ structure is not sound. (building).

5) __________ and ____________ car is old. (Susan ‐ Steve)

6) ____________shoes are on the second floor. (Men)

7) My ______________ car was not expensive. (parents)

8) ______________phone is brand new. (Charles)

9) This is the _________ bike. (boy)

10) These are the __________ pencils. (boys)

29

II. Reported Speech: Change the direct speech sentences below into indirect speech.
Note that references to time and place can either stay the same if the statement is reported on the same
day, referring to the same place, or they can change if the statement was made at a different time and
place. Since there is no context, practice these statements both ways.

1) "He works in an office."

She said __________________________________________________________.

2) "We went out to eat yesterday."

She told me _______________________________________________________.

3) "I'm leaving next week."

She said __________________________________________________________.

4) "I was waiting for the bus when he drove past me."

She told me _______________________________________________________.

5) "I've never been here before."

She said __________________________________________________________.

6) "I didn't go to my dentist appointment yesterday."

She told me _______________________________________________________.

7) "Sam will meet us now."

She said __________________________________________________________.

8) "Where is he?"

She asked me _____________________________________________________.

9) "What are you doing?"

She asked me _____________________________________________________.

10) "How is your mother?"

She asked me _____________________________________________________.

30

III. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose: Fill in the blanks using in order to, to ensure that, or so that.

1) You need to zoom in ______________view the details.

2) We keep our cheese in the fridge ________________ it doesn't go bad.

3) Susan checked out some gardening books __________________ learn more about growing tomatoes.

4) Add our company's email address to your contacts list ________________ future emails don't end up in
your junk folder.

5) Elizabeth is putting on her winter jacket _____________ she won't catch a cold.

6) You should come over sometime _________________ see our new place.

7) Maria is learning English ____________________ she can pursue her Master's degree in the U.S.

8) He went back to school _______________improve his English.

9) I need to leave work 15 minutes earlier than usual today _______________ I can make it to the post
office before it closes.

10) I turned the radio down ______________ I won't miss the phone ringing.

31

Unit 4: Making Friends
Unit Objectives


 Make arrangements to meet someone in an informal context
 Point out things in common with another person
 Talk about personality types
 Ask for a favor
 Volunteer help and support
 Comprehend and utilize common abbreviations used in texting

Vocabulary:
 Picnic
 Relationship
 Colloquial expressions "seriously?", "no way!"

Grammar:
 Possessive adjectives and pronouns
 Past participle form of irregular verbs
 Qualifiers and adjectives
Online Vocabulary

Unit 4 Lesson 1
to text to send a typed message to someone using a cell phone
potato salad a mixture of chopped potatoes and dressing with various
spices or vegetables
coleslaw a mixture of chopped cabbage and dressing
to grill to cook something on a metal frame over a fire
colleague someone who works at the same company as you
to confirm to repeat that something is true or going to happen as
planned
details small pieces of information relating to a situation or event
rest the part of something that remains
blender a small electrical appliance that mixes food
daiquiri an alcoholic drink made by mixing rum, lime juice, and sugar
to settle to make a final decision on something
32

Unit 4 Lesson 2
to join someone to participate in the same activity as another person
to be on one's way out to be leaving someplace
to get together to spend time with someone
to catch up to talk to someone you haven't seen recently and share
what you have been doing
to seem to give a certain impression
lawyer someone whose profession is to provide legal advice and
services
to date to spend time with someone you're romantically interested
in
to break up to end a romantic relationship
to be interested in someone to want to learn more about someone or spend time with
someone romantically
awkward embarrassing, uncomfortable
double date a social outing with two couples
Seriously? Really?
No way! Definitely not!

Unit 4 Lesson 3
to find out to get more information about something
to cancel to stop an arranged event from happening
to be originally from to be from someone's native home
semester one‐half of the school year, about 18 weeks
current happening now, present
picnic lunch food packed as a meal to be eaten outdoors, usually casual
and in the middle of the day
to offer to make a suggestion to do something which may be
accepted or rejected
to compare notes to share ideas, opinions, or stories about something both
speakers have experienced

33


Gabrielle's Blog
abbreviations shortened forms of words or phrases
slang a type of language that consists of words and phrases that
are regarded as very informal
acronyms words formed from the initial letters of other words

Colloquial Expressions of Empathy
I understand how difficult that would be. to express that you understand someone's feelings and
opinions in the matter
I would have been pretty upset to express that you relate with someone on a more
in that situation, too. personal level
Oh, my goodness. to show that you are surprised that someone has had a
difficult experience
What a story! to show that you are surprised that someone has had a
difficult experience

Expressions commonly used in the customer service field along with the expressions above:
Now let's see what we can do used to move on to discuss a resolution
to resolve the issue.
(Let me see what I can do for you.)
I apologize for your inconvenience. to apologize on behalf of the company
(I am sorry for that inconvenience.)

34


I. Catching up: Imagine that you see one of your colleagues, who you haven't talked to for a while, in the
cafeteria. You stop to have a quick chat with her. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the

You: Hey, Lisa, long time no see! How have you been?

Lisa: Oh, hey there, Mona. I've been super busy. My 3 o'clock just _________________, so I thought I'd grab
something to eat. How about you?
You: I was actually _________________________ but I thought I'd stop by and get some coffee to go. I've
recently been promoted to supervisor; so it's been pretty hectic lately.

Lisa: _______________? Congratulations! We should _______________________ sometime and celebrate.

You: That would be awesome. We have so much to ___________________ on. Actually, would you and
Michael like to ___________________ us for a ___________________ this Saturday? It can be a
_______________.

Lisa: I'm afraid that's not possible. Michael and I _______________________ a couple of months ago and I
haven't been ________________ anyone since.

You: ___________! I'm so sorry to hear that. How about a girls' night out then?

Lisa: That sounds like fun! You should ___________ me later so that we can arrange it.

You: Will do! It's so nice to see you again, and I'll talk to you soon.

Lisa: You, too. Take care. Word Bank

no way catch up seriously

date text on my way out

break up cancel picnic lunch

join get together double date
35

II. Dealing with a complaint: Imagine that you work as a customer service representative for an electronics
retailer, Electromax. A dissatisfied customer calls and complains about a missing item in his package. Try
to calm the customer down and offer a solution by using expressions of empathy.

You: _________________________________________?

Customer: Hi. The cell phone that I ordered online did not come with a wall charger.

You: _________________________________________.

Customer: It's easier for me to charge with a wall charger. Charging with a USB cable is very inconvenient.

You: _________________________________________.

Customer: The box says that the wall charger is included!

You: _________________________________________?

Customer: My order number is 905268, and my last name is Knutson.

You: __________________________________________.

Customer: Send me the wall charger!

You: O.K. It seems that the supplier was out of this wall charger at the time your phone was mailed to you.
The wall charger was actually sent to you separately two days after your phone was mailed. So, you should
be receiving the wall charger in a couple of days.

Customer: That's a relief.

You: _________________________________________.

Customer: Well, thank you for your help.

You: _________________________________________.

Customer: Well, it's all sorted out now. Bye.

You: _________________________________________.

36

Grammar Exercises

I. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive adjective and
pronouns.

1) I don't need to pack ______ (I) camera. My husband is bringing ______ (he).

2) I can't see _______ (you) cat around. You told me it would be at ______ (it) usual spot.

3) These coins are ______ (I) and those are ______ (you).

4) Those are ______ keys (they).

5) Everyone has a secret. What's ______ (she)?

6) Lucy wrote down everyone's phone number except for ______ (we).

7) I'm not sure if this is ______ (they) house. ________ (they) was a lot smaller than this one.

8) Go ahead and take what's ________ (you).

9) Whose bags are these? They are ______ (we).

10) ________ (we) suitcase was much heavier and not as shabby looking. This one must be _______ (you).

37

II. Past Participle Form of Irregular Verbs: Write the past participle form next to the irregular verbs below.

To take To speak
To get To hurt
To see To tell
To become To set
To deal To hit
To fight To catch
To grow To kneel
To let To run
To sew To mean
To seek To ring
To think To teach
To eat To drink
To shake To grow
To go To wake
To upset To throw
To lose To hide
To spit To rise
To mean To light
To fly To send
To quit To pay
To lend To lie (down)
To forgive To leave
To hold To lay
To freeze To keep
To steal To cut
To hang* To forbid
*(an item, not a person)

38

III. Qualifying Adverbs (used before adjectives): Fill in the blanks with the appropriate qualifying adverb:
extremely, pretty, quite, rather, totally, surprisingly, awfully.

1) A: How's your tea? B: It is ____________ bland actually.

2) A: I thought you didn't care for carrot cake. B: Yes, but this one tastes ____________ good.

3) A: How's your book? B: It's _____________ long and boring.

4) A: How do you like that sofa? B: It is ___________ comfortable actually.

5) A: I am not very good at telling temperatures in Fahrenheit. What kind of weather is it when it's 120
degrees Fahrenheit? B: That's _____________ hot weather.
6) A: Do you like your new PlayStation? B: Yeah, it's ____________ cool.

7) A: Why is John so upset at Jane? B: He is ______________ convinced that she didn't invite him to her
wedding on purpose.

39

Unit 5: Buying a Car
Unit Objectives

 Describe features and equipment in a car
 Identify required driver documentation
 Negotiate price with a car dealer
 Answer questions from a police officer
 Express excitement and regret

Vocabulary:
 Car
 Rules of road

Grammar:
 Simple future
 Present continuous tenses
 Contractions
Online Vocabulary

Unit 5 Lesson 1
sturdy strong, not easily damaged
to consider to think about something carefully
to be nervous about something to feel worried or concerned about something
to break a habit to stop doing something that someone does often or
regularly without thinking
intense powerful or extreme
Great minds think alike! when two people each have the same good idea
road sign a sign that provides information to drivers
sound system a set of electronics used for playing sound
make the name of the company that makes a vehicle
model the name given to a design of a vehicle
ride a car, motorcycle, bicycle, or other mode of transportation
uneasy slightly worried or nervous about something
to differ to be different from something else
insurance agent a person who sells insurance for an insurance company
policy a document that contains a contract
to take someone for a spin to take someone for a drive
40

Unit 5 Lesson 2
to go back and forth to try to change someone's mind about something
repeatedly or to argue about something
to be pushy to try to get what one wants, even if it annoys others
option a valid choice
particular specific
hybrid something that has been made from two or more different
types of things, having characteristics from each
airbag a bag that fills with air to protect the driver and passengers
in a car crash
automatic transmission a system that changes gears based on the speed of a car,
without action from the driver
leather interior the fabric within a car, made from strong animal skin
sun‐roof a small window on the roof of a car
integrated built‐in
GPS Global Positioning System, a mapping system that helps find
locations using satellites
price tag a tag that shows how much something costs
horsepower a unit for measuring the power of an engine or motor
convertible a car with a roof that can be folded back or removed
to make sure to become certain about something
to take care of to keep in good condition
in stock available for sale
delay a situation in which something happens later than expected
upfront before something else happens
to finance to pay for something with the help of a lending company

41

Unit 5 Lesson 3
driver's license an official document that legally allows someone to drive
registration an official document that gives the details about a vehicle
and its owner
to pull over to bring a vehicle to a stop at the side of the road
to realize to know and understand something
illegal not allowed by law
reckless taking chances without thinking about the possible bad
effects of behavior or actions
ticket an official document stating that someone must pay money
for a traffic violation
to break the law to not follow the official rules that are enforced by a
government
to be furious to be extremely angry

Unit 5 Lesson 4
owner the person to whom something belongs
gas mileage the number of miles a car can travel using a certain amount
of fuel
road trip a long journey or trip in a car
to be familiar with to know about something
car loan money that someone borrows to pay for a car, usually from
a bank
reasonable sensible, fair
credit history a record of how and when someone has paid debts
to talk numbers to talk about price


Gabrielle's Blog
commuting traveling to and from work
running errands taking a short trip for a specific purpose, such as going to
the grocery store or mailing a package
car dealership a business that sells cars
warranty a written promise to repair or replace a product if it breaks.
The warranty usually expires (is not valid) after a certain
amount of time.
haggling talking (and sometimes arguing) about the price of
something in order to come to a common agreement
42

Automobile Vocabulary
windshield a transparent screen (usually of glass) that protects the
occupants of a vehicle from the wind and various objects
brake pedal the foot pedal that moves a piston in the master brake
cylinder, to stop or slow down the car
accelerator the gas pedal of a motor vehicle, used for increasing speed
the ignition the mechanism that ignites the fuel in an internal‐
combustion engine
carburetor the mechanism that mixes air with gasoline vapor prior to
explosion
clutch pedal the pedal that is pressed down whenever you want to shift
up or down in manual transmission cars
headlights the lights or lamps, usually equipped with reflectors, on the
front of an automobile, etc.
taillights the lights, usually red, at the rear of an automobile, etc.
spark plugs a device that ignites the fuel mixture in a cylinder of an
internal‐combustion engine
fuel tank a container inside a vehicle that holds fuel
battery the equipment in a motor vehicle that provides electricity to
start the engine and ignite the fuel, as well as to operate
the lights, windshield wipers, heater, air conditioner, and
radio
turn indicator (blinker) a blinking light on a motor vehicle that indicates the
direction in which the vehicle is about to turn
horn a device on an automobile for making a warning noise
fender the part of a car body that surrounds the wheels
bumper a horizontal metal bar attached to the front or rear end of a
car or other vehicle to protect against damage from impact
steering wheel a wheel that controls steering, as on a boat or in an
automotive vehicle
radiator a device for cooling an internal‐combustion engine,
consisting of thin‐walled tubes through which water passes.
Heat is transferred from the water through the walls of the
tubes to the airstream, which is created either by the
motion of the vehicle or by a fan

43


I. Buying a car: Imagine that you are at a car dealership, shopping for a new car. In this dialogue, you will
be talking to a car salesman, asking him questions about a blue car you spotted across the lot. Write
questions to match the answers of the car salesman.

Note: This conversation does not include bargaining, which is highly recommended in real life.

Car Salesman: Hi there! Can I help you find a car today?

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: That's a great car. What are your questions?

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Let's move closer to it, shall we? Well, it looks like it's a Honda CR‐V.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Uh, let me check. Oh yes. 57,157 miles.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: 2011.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Yes, it's absolutely accident free.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: It is a 4 cylinder engine.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: 180 horsepower.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Gasoline.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: For city driving, it is 21 mpg and for the highway it is 27 mpg.

You: ___________________________________________?
44

Car Salesman: Yes, it is a 4‐wheel drive.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: It is 5 speed automatic transmission.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Let's see… Both the brakes and the tires were replaced last spring.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: It has leather seats, an auto day/night mirror, all season floor mats, power windows and
mirrors, cruise control, A/C, audio controls on the steering wheel, a rear wiper, reclining rear seats,
privacy/tinted glass, and more!

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Sure, hop on in and we'll go for a test drive.

You: ___________________________________________?

Car Salesman: $16, 990.

You: __________________________________________?

Car Salesman: Sure. Why don't you step into my office? We'll go over the details inside.

45

II. Car talk: You just bought a new car and your friend has come over to take a look at it and install new
speakers. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change the form where
applicable.

You: Hey, Yuri, thanks for coming over and helping me install a new ________________.
Yuri: No problem. This looks like a nice _________! Are you glad that you ______________ Honda from
Toyota?
You: Yes, I am. I ______________________ for a while between those two _____________, but I eventually
_______________ that Honda has better ________________.
Yuri: Was the salesman _____________?
You: To be honest, he was quite helpful and did not make me ____________ or __________ like other
salesmen usually do.
Yuri: Did you pay for it _______________ or ______________ it?
You: I had to take out a ______________. The price was ________________ though.
Yuri: Was it difficult to get a loan?
You: Not really. I have a good ___________________.
Yuri: More than you can say for your ______________, eh? Haha.
You: Haha. True, but I only got two _______________ in the past three years. I am not really a
_____________ driver.
Yuri: Yeah, I know. I am just kidding.
You: I haven't gotten ________________ in the last 11 months or so.
Yuri: Well, shall we _______________ your speaker ____________ and then discuss how to install them?
You: Yes, let's do this!
Word Bank

option car loan to get pulled over make

to go over something ticket reasonable

sound system driving record furious to realize

to switch to uneasy reckless

to finance gas mileage credit history

upfront pushy to go back and forth ride

46

Grammar Exercises


I. Present Continuous Tense vs. Simple Future Tense: Put the verbs in parentheses in the appropriate tense
(will or be + verb + ing).

1) We've signed the lease. We ______________ (move) on the 1st.
2) Just ring the doorbell. Tom _______________ (be) home all evening.
3) I'm sorry I am busy tonight. I _____________________ (have) dinner with my parents‐in‐law.
4) You _________________ (see) a brick house on your left after you make the turn.
5) ___________ you ____________ (wear) your brown shoes tonight? If not, may I borrow them?
6) She __________________ (visit) that store today or ever again. She thinks that the sales associates there
are rude.
7) I hope that you _______________ (have) a great time in Miami.
8) Oh no! I broke mom's vase. Do you think she ________________ (be) angry?
9) Jen _______________ (leave) for Wisconsin in two days.
10) ____________ you _____________ (remember) her number? Maybe you should write it down.

II. Expressing Wishes (I wish..., If only...): Put the verbs in parentheses below in correct tense.

1) If only I __________________ (have‐negative) so much homework. I could go to the concert tonight.
2) I wish you ________________ (give up) smoking. It's really bad for you.
3) I wish you _________________ (live‐negative) so far away.
4) I wish it _________________ (rain). The garden really needs some water.
5) I wish I ______________ (know) what to do.
6) I wish you ___________________ (borrow‐negative) my clothes without asking.
7) I wish I _________________ (go) to your wedding next week, but I can't.
8) I wish I ________________ (be) rich.
9) I wish I _____________________ (study) for my exam! I will fail this course now.
10) If only I ________________ (see) my grandmother more often, but I can't.
11) If only this traffic ____________________ (be) moving!
12) If only I ____________________ (argue‐negative) with him! He doesn't talk to me anymore.
47

III. Contractions: Fill in the blanks with the right contraction and tense of the verbs provided in parentheses.

1) We ____________ (see) you in English class next week!
2) Oh no! There ___________ (be) no milk in the fridge.
3) There __________ (be) time to chat later.
4) It ________ (rain) cats and dogs right now.
5) I think it ________ (snow) later.
6) I ______________ (be‐negative) home last night.
7) Mary ______________ (eat‐negative) meat during Lent.
8) Donald ______________ (can swim‐negative).
9) The store ____________ (open‐negative) early tomorrow.
10) James and Joe _____________ (leave‐negative) yet.
11) You ________________ (should cheat‐negative) or you ____________ (get) caught.
12) Joseph ________________ (take out) the trash yet.
13) I ______________ (can do‐negative) it even though I tried really hard.
14) He ____________ (be) almost twenty one years old.
15) I __________ (be) as old as he is.
16) English ____________ (be‐negative) very hard!
17) You ______________ (should leave‐negative) the refrigerator door open for so long.
18) We ______________ (be‐negative) at the event last night.
19) You ______________ (be) always punctual.
20) I _____________ (meet) many people since I moved here.
48

Unit 6: A Day in Town
Unit Objectives

Objectives:


 Talk about and recommend interesting places, events, and activities in town
 Shop for non‐essential items
 Interpret offers and sales
 Discuss product quality and best value

Vocabulary:
 Shopping
 Cell phone
 Biking

Grammar:
 Relative pronouns
 Relative clauses
 Uncountable nouns
 Proper order of multiple adjectives
 Review the present and past continuous tenses

49

Online Vocabulary

Unit 6 Lesson 1
smartphone a cell phone that also works as a small computer
to pull up to open a document, website, or other information on a
computer
account a formal banking or business relationship created to provide
regular services and financial transactions
waste careless use
to go over something to talk about the details of something
grade a level in an education system that lasts about one year
flip phone a cell phone that folds in the middle with a screen on one
half and a keypad on the other
embarrassing something that makes someone feel ashamed or nervous
to be eligible to be allowed to participate or be chosen for something
according to the rules
to switch to something to change from one thing to another
to increase to become larger in amount
unlimited with no restrictions, with no limit of amount
to cover to include protection for
theft the crime of stealing

50

Unit 6 Lesson 2
risotto an Italian rice dish, usually creamy and mixed with meat,
fish, or vegetables
phenomenal outstanding, very impressive
lobster a shelled sea creature with a long body, eight small legs,
and two large claws
shrimp a small, shelled sea creature with several tiny legs which can
be found in both fresh and salt water
shellfish sea creatures that have a hard shell for protection, such as
crabs, mussels, or oysters
to be allergic to something to have a bad physical reaction to something
airborne carried or transmitted by air
life‐threatening able to cause death
EpiPen Epinephrine Injection, a needle used to treat someone
having an allergic reaction
fierce extremely intense
carnivore an animal or person who eats meat
lasagna an Italian meal made of layered pasta, cheese, sauce, and
sometimes meat or vegetables
mushroom a type of plant that is usually small and round, a fungus
ravioli a type of pasta shaped like a small pocket filled with meat,
cheese, or vegetables

51

Unit 6 Lesson 3
to be negative to expect bad things to happen rather than good things
to ride to travel on or in something
trail a path for walking or riding
overweight weighing above one's normal or recommended weight
hybrid bike a bicycle that combines the best characteristics from a road
bicycle and a mountain bicycle
mountain bike a bicycle that has wide tires and a strong frame and is used
on dirt or grass
smooth completely even, with no bumps
rough bumpy, not smooth
frame the structure that gives an object its shape and strength
brakes equipment that slows something down
low gear a setting that makes it easier to ride a bicycle up a hill
to commute to travel to and from work
pavement the hard surface of a road, asphalt
bike path a trail specially designed for riding bicycles
to absorb to take in

52

Unit 6 Lesson 4
online shopping the activity of buying things through the Internet
nostalgic remembering and longing for familiar people, places, or
things from one's past
outdoors outside, not in a building
designer something that is fashionable, stylish, and typically
expensive
to end up to decide on something because of external circumstances
snowed‐in unable to leave a place because too much snow has fallen
bargain something that is bought at a lower price than usual
novelty something that is new and special
to shovel to move something, such as snow or dirt, using a special
tool
odd different or unusual
degree a unit for measuring temperature
indoors inside a building
wine‐tasting an occasion at which someone tries different types of wine
to compare quality
a bunch a group
affordable cheap enough for someone to buy
city event guide a small book listing things that are scheduled to happen in
the area
to mind to care about something or to be upset about something
shop 'til you drop to shop for a long time and buy a lot of things


Gabrielle's Blog
minimum wage the lowest amount of money a person can be paid by law
busser the person who clears the dirty dishes from a restaurant
table
hostess the person who seats you at your table and/or takes your
name for the wait list at restaurant
food runner the person who delivers your food from the kitchen (if it
isn't your server)
to keep a tab if you "keep a tab" at a bar, you will give the bartender your
credit card and each time you order a drink, he or she will
add the total to your bill
53

Shopping Vocabulary
tag a strip of thick paper that is attached to a merchandise item
to identify its brand, model, style, size, and price
label a piece of fabric sewn inside a garment that lists the brand
name, size, or instructions for care
shop assistant a salesperson in a store
to try on to put on an article of clothing to find out whether it fits or
is suitable
fitting room a room in a store in which one can try on clothes before
deciding whether to purchase them
to take back to allow the customer to return an item for a refund or
exchange
to exchange to return an item for replacement, usually for a different
size, color, or brand
to credit to return the sales amount to the customer's credit or debit
card
store credit you won't get your money refunded in the original form of
payment (i.e. cash or credit card) but you will receive a
"credit note" or a "merchandise credit" card which you can
use to buy goods in that particular store only
to pay retail if you "pay retail" for an item of clothing, then you pay full
price
clearance a sale, generally at reduced prices, to dispose of old
merchandise
bargain hunter a shopper who hunts for bargains by visiting numerous
stores, browsing ads, and collecting coupons to get the best
deals
shopaholic a person who shops compulsively or very frequently
to go on a shopping spree to you shop excessively; to buy a lot of things in an
extravagant way
window shopping the activity of going to a store or website to look at goods
rather than to buy anything
maternity section the area of the store that sells clothing for women who are
pregnant
wholesale the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed by
others
retail store a place of business for retailing (selling) goods
outlet mall a large group of shops, usually outside a town or city, which
sell clothes, goods, etc. for a reduced price
54

drug store a retail store with a pharmacy for prescription medication
and where you can also buy over‐the‐counter medicines
and miscellaneous articles (such as food, cosmetics, and
film)
grocery store a retail store that sells mainly food and some other non‐
food items
supermarket a large form of the traditional grocery store; a self‐service
shop offering a wide variety of food and household
products, organized into aisles
co‐op stores a business that is owned and operated by a group of
individuals for their mutual benefit, i.e. local farmers,
growers, bakers, and craftsmen. Co‐ops usually sell
natural/organic foods and products
shopping mall one or more buildings forming a complex of shops
representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways
enabling visitors to walk from unit to unit. Other
establishments, such as movie theaters and restaurants, are
also often included
strip mall also called a shopping plaza or mini‐mall; an open‐air
shopping mall where the stores are arranged in a row, with
a sidewalk in front

55

I. Out and about with a friend: Imagine you are out shopping with your friend and you take a lunch break.
Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change the form where applicable.
Friend: I wonder where we should go for lunch. Let me ______________ the restaurants app on my phone
and look up some nearby restaurants.
You: Good idea. I still have a ______________. It's kinda _______________.
Friend: Well, it depends on what you want out of your phone and plan. When my previous contract ended, I
_________________ to upgrade to a ______________.
You: Do you have ________________ calls and a decent amount of data on your plan?
Friend: Yes, I do and it is quite _______________. You should _______________ my cellphone provider.
You: I just might! So, do you see any seafood restaurants nearby? I love _____________.
Friend: Uh, I __________________ to seafood.
You: Oh no, is it ________________ or do you just get annoying symptoms?
Friend: It is actually pretty serious. I would have to use my ________________ if I were to eat some by
mistake.
You: Well then, how about some Italian?
Friend: Actually, there's a pretty good Italian place around here that makes out‐of‐this‐world
______________.
You: Yum, I am starving. I still would like to __________________ their specials though.
Friend: They also make these little pasta pockets filled with cheese and spinach.
You: Oh, you mean _______________. Umm, I think I'll order the meat ________________.
Friend: Yeah, you would! You are such a _________________.
Friend: I love that they have ________________ seating available.
You: Who would want to sit _______________
when it is so nice and sunny out? Word Bank
phenomenal outdoor to end up
Friend: Right. I sure don't miss all that
_____________ I did this past winter. unlimited carnivore to go over something
You: Me neither. My partner broke his arm, so I
________________ doing all the work this to mind ravioli to be allergic to something
winter.
to be eligible to shovel risotto smartphone
Friend: Poor you. I didn't _______________ the

snow that much until we got ______________
EpiPen lasagna indoors embarrassing
on the weekend of my sister's recital. I was sad

to miss it.
flip phone affordable to switch to something
You: I bet! Oh will you look at that?! Our food
looks ____________________.
to pull up snowed‐in life‐threatening shellfish
56

II. Returns and exchanges: Imagine that you recently went on a shopping spree, but after you got home,
you realized that you don't want some of the items and others just don't fit right. You go back to the
customer service desk at the mall to exchange a shirt that is the wrong size and return a jacket because
the color didn't match your outfit at home. Write questions/answers that fit in the dialogues below.

Dialogue 1:
Cashier: I can help whoever is next in line.

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: No problem. Just leave the shirt with me while you look for the right size.

You: I______________________________________________________________

Cashier: Great. Here's your new receipt. Have a nice day.

Dialogue 2:
Cashier: Hi. How may I help you today?

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: Is there anything wrong with it?

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have your receipt with you?

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: All returns must be accompanied by a receipt for full refund in the form of original payment. Would
you like to exchange it for something else?

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: The best I can do is issue you store credit for the amount that rings up when I scan the tag.

You: ______________________________________________________________

Cashier: No, you can actually use it at all our branches.

You: _____________________________________________________________

Cashier: No. It doesn't expire. Would you like to do that then?

You: _____________________________________________________________
57

III. Asking for help at the store: Imagine that you are shopping at a co‐op and looking for beeswax candles.
You can't seem to find any, so you ask for help. Write answers/questions that fit in the dialogue below.

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: We do carry beeswax candles, but we are all out at the moment. Sorry about that.

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: Umm, you might want to try another co‐op in the city. We usually carry the same items.

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: Let me think. Well, we also carry soy candles. Would you be interested in those?

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: Sure, right this way. This whole section is soy candles.

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: Yep, this brand here is buy one get one half off. Is there anything else I can help you with?

You: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Sales associate: You're welcome.

Grammar Exercises


I. Relative Pronouns: Relative pronouns can refer to people or things in both singular and plural.

Which relative pronouns are used:

1) to refer to people? __________________________________

2) to refer to things, impersonal nouns, or events? _____________________________

3) with possessive pronouns? ____________________________

4) with direct and indirect pronouns? ________________________________________

58

II. Relative Clauses: Make one sentence by changing the second sentence into a defining relative clause.
The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. Note that sometimes the
relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause (meaning you can drop 'who', 'which' or 'that' if you
want) and sometimes it's the subject (meaning you can't drop 'who', 'which' or 'that').

1. The guests were late. My parents invited the guests.
_______________________________________________________________.
2. The doctor was out of the office. I wanted to see the doctor.
_______________________________________________________________.
3. The secretary just had a baby boy. The secretary works for my father's company.
_______________________________________________________________.
4. I had a date with a guy. You met the guy last week at my studio.
_______________________________________________________________.
5. The remote control can't be fixed. The remote control is broken.
_______________________________________________________________.
6. Jason made a photocopy of the drawing. I made the drawing.
_______________________________________________________________.
7. I met an old woman. The woman was a paleoanthropologist.
_______________________________________________________________.
8. We called the doctor. The doctor works at our primary clinic.
_______________________________________________________________.
9. We like the mezzo‐soprano. The mezzo‐soprano was in Gardiner's production of "The Marriage of Figaro".
_______________________________________________________________.
10. I went to the Indian restaurant. I read about the restaurant in this week's "Eat" section of the Saint Paul
Pioneer Press.
_______________________________________________________________.
11. She bought a car. Her husband also liked the car.
_______________________________________________________________.
12. I often buy expensive wine. The wine is imported from Australia.
_______________________________________________________________.
13. The hairdresser was very good. The hairdresser has short blonde hair.
_______________________________________________________________.
14. The physical therapist is now retired. The physical therapist treated my grandfather.
_______________________________________________________________.
15. The snow blower is now in the garage. The snow blower broke down.
_______________________________________________________________.
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III. Uncountable Nouns 1: Answer the questions below.

a. Which quantifiers (a little, a few, many, much, some, etc.) are used with:
countable nouns?
_______________________________________________________________
uncountable nouns?
________________________________________________________________
both countable and uncountable nouns?
________________________________________________________________

b. Which articles are used with:
countable nouns?
________________________________________________________________
uncountable nouns?
________________________________________________________________

IV. Uncountable Nouns 2: Write as many uncountable nouns as you can think of that belong to the
following categories:

Countable ‐> Uncountable

Fluids: __________________________________________________________________
Gases: __________________________________________________________________
Solid and granular substances: ______________________________________________
Energy words and forces: __________________________________________________
Fields of study: ___________________________________________________________
Abstract ideas or qualities: _________________________________________________
Languages: ______________________________________________________________
Nouns formed from verbs: _________________________________________________
Games and sports: ________________________________________________________
Natural phenomena: ______________________________________________________
General categories/ grouped concepts (groups consisting of similar items):
________________________________________________________________________
60

V. Uncountable Nouns 3: For each general category below (uncountable nouns) come up with specific items
(countable nouns).

Uncountable ‐> Countable

Furniture: _______________________________________________________________
Jewelry: _________________________________________________________________
Makeup: ________________________________________________________________
Luggage: ________________________________________________________________
Homework: ______________________________________________________________
Mail: ___________________________________________________________________
Money: _________________________________________________________________

VI. Proper Order of Multiple Adjectives 1: Put the adjective order categories below in the right order.

shape (i.e. round, square), observations (i.e. lovely, interesting), origin (i.e. Turkish, Roman), size (i.e. tiny,
huge), age (i.e. old, ancient), color (i.e. brown, green), material (i.e. gold, silk)
_________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Proper Order of Multiple Adjectives 2: Put the adjectives in the phrases below in the right adjective
order. Based on the first adjective in the order, pick the correct determiner (a or an).

1) pink, ugly= a/an ___________________ dress
2) old, German, black, tiny= a/an _______________________________pen
3) old, fascinating= a/an__________________________ manuscript
4) wooden, small, brown= a/an ________________________________ chair
5) middle‐aged, tall, Scottish, funny= a/an______________________________________________ man
6) large, stunning, brown, old= a/an___________________________________________________ dog
7) petite, Native American, smart= a/an______________________________________ girl
8) ancient, gold, small, dazzling= a/an__________________________________________________ ring
9) long, navy blue, Italian, gorgeous, silk= _______________________________________________ scarf
10) large, delicious, chocolate, rectangular= _____________________________________________ cake

61

Unit 7: Surviving the Holidays
Unit Objectives

Objectives:


 Describe holiday activities and customs
 Accept and refuse an invitation
 Make statements about the nutritional value and properties of food
 Express a preference
 Describe a diet or eating habit
 Talk about food allergies

Vocabulary:
 Holiday food
 Nutritional value
 Diet concerns

Grammar:
 Real conditional sentences
 Reflexive pronouns
Online Vocabulary

Unit 7 Lesson 1
decorations nice things used to make something look attractive
cookbook a book with instructions for preparing food
rather used to express preference
recipe a list of instructions for making a particular food
turkey a large bird similar to a chicken that is often eaten at
holidays
baked ham salted or smoked pork cooked in the oven
green beans long thin green vegetables that grow on a climbing plant
scalloped potatoes potatoes sliced thin and baked in a cream sauce
to get time off to be allowed to miss school or work
request an act of asking for something in a polite or formal way

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Unit 7 Lesson 2
immediate closest
to be disappointed to be unhappy that something that was hoped for did not
happen
to have time to oneself to be able to spend time alone
similar alike
guest someone who has been invited to visit a place
to have someone over to have someone visit your home
you guys you all

Unit 7 Lesson 3
picky eater someone who only likes specific food and is not easily
pleased about food choices
cholesterol the most common type of steroid in the body, made by the
liver
restriction a rule that limits someone or something
extremely very
annual yearly, happening once a year
check‐up a general inspection or examination
motivated enthusiastic, excited and determined to achieve success
to drive one crazy to make someone frustrated or impatient
diet a limited amount of food eaten by people trying to lose
weight or to improve their health
punishment a way in which someone suffers or pays for something they
have done
guidelines instructions or advice about how to do something
to broil to cook close to intense heat
to bake to cook food in an oven
sauce a liquid that someone mixes with another food to give it a
particular flavor
hereditary a quality that is passed from parent to child
to give something a try to attempt something
to be pleasantly surprised to have a joyful feeling when something unexpected
happens

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Unit 7 Lesson 4
ingredients foods, liquids, or spices that are used to cook a particular
dish
to be exhausted to be extremely tired and without energy
soy milk a milk‐like drink made from soy beans
to be satisfied to be pleased with what has happened or been achieved
accomplishment something difficult that someone succeeded in doing
low fat containing a small amount of fat
nutrient a substance found in food that people, plants, and animals
need to live and grow
fiber the part of a fruit, plant, or grain that cannot be digested
and helps food move through the body
to be worth a try to have enough potential benefits to be worth attempting
broccoli a green vegetable that grows in a bunch
can't stand it strongly dislike something
honey a sweet food made from nectar by bees
by far by a lot
back on track back to the way things should be
sacrifice something important that has been given up for something
else


Gabrielle's Blog
to wish someone well to wish someone happiness in their life
saying a well‐known statement that gives advice or wisdom

Diet and Nutritional Facts
starchy foods foods such as potatoes, bread, pasta, and rice, which are a
major source of carbohydrates and play an important role in
a healthy diet
saturated fats fats found in foods such as chocolate, cheese, butter, and
coconut oil, which are typically solid at room temperature
and have a chemical makeup in which the carbon atoms are
saturated with hydrogen atoms
unsaturated fats fats found in foods such as olive oil, canola oil, nuts, and
avocado, which are liquid at room temperature and contain
fewer calories than saturated fats, making a healthier type
of fat
64

hydrogenated fat unnatural fats, generally bad for your health, which are
made with the forced chemical addition of hydrogen to
omega‐6 polyunsaturated oils to make them hard at room
temperatures
trans fat "trans‐fatty acids" come from processing liquid vegetable oil
to become a solid fat and are used to enhance the flavor,
texture and shelf life of many processed foods, and are bad
for your health
balanced diet consuming a variety of foods in the right proportions; the
basic elements of a healthy diet include the right amount of
protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water
to go on a diet to try to lose weight by eating less food or specific foods
special diet a diet such as low‐sodium, vegetarian, vegan, and low‐carb,
where you choose to eat certain foods only and omit others
for different reasons, such as health, religious, cultural
lactose intolerance when your body cannot easily digest lactose, which is a type
of natural sugar found in milk and dairy products
diabetes a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce
any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in
the blood
celiac disease a disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to
gluten (found in wheat, rye, and barley) leading to difficulty
in digesting food

Invitations

Making Invitations
(from formal to informal)

I would like to invite you to dinner next Saturday at my home.
I was wondering if you'd like to come to dinner on Friday evening.
Would you like to have dinner with us on Sunday?
What/How about lunch this afternoon?
Let's go to my place for dinner.

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Accepting Invitations

Thank you for your invitation. I'd be delighted to (…).
Thank you. I'd love to (...).
Yes, thanks. That would be great/wonderful.
Sounds great/like fun.
OK/ All right.

Refusing Invitations

I'm awfully/terribly sorry. I have other plans for that night.
I'd really like to, but I have an appointment that day.
Thanks for asking, but I'm afraid I'm busy.
Sorry. I'm already tied up.
I can't. I've got a lot of work to do.

Hesitating

Thank you, but I'll have to check my calendar. Do you mind if I tell you on Monday?
I'm not sure what my plans are. Could I get back to you tomorrow?
I might be busy. I'll let you know later.

66


I. Getting Invited: Imagine that you are at a meeting with your supervisor (academic or professional) and
at the end of the meeting, she invites you to the end of year "Happy Holidays" party. This will be your
first time at that event. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change
the form where applicable.

Supervisor: The last thing on the agenda is our department's ____________ "Happy Holidays" party at the
end of the month.
You: At the end of the month? I was actually thinking of _________________ from work before the start of
next month, which is likely to be as hectic as this month. I am _______________.
Supervisor: Oh, that's too bad. I know people will ___________________ if you can't make it. Did you
already put in your _______________ for time off?
You: No, I haven't. I just need to _________________________for a few days before the next big project,
but I wouldn't want to miss this event. So, I'll save the date.
Supervisor: Great! Do you have any dietary ______________ or preferences?
You: Yes, actually. I am a vegetarian and I __________________ broccoli.
Supervisor: Haha. You are not the only one, but Susan makes this incredible broccoli rabe pasta dish. You
should ___________________. Who knows, you might actually ________________________________.
You: I might, actually. I am not a ______________ and I am easily ______________. I just won't eat any
meat though.
Supervisor: No worries. Kevin, Chung Hee, and Natasha are also vegetarians, so _____________ will have
plenty of vegetarian options to pick from.
You: Sounds good. This is a great occasion to celebrate our department's __________________ this year.
Supervisor: Definitely! Everyone seems ____________ happy and more _____________ than ever. Well
then, I'll see you around.
Word Bank
You: O.K. Have a nice afternoon.
Supervisor: You too. you guys picky eater accomplishment

to give it a try annual motivated

to be satisfied exhausted to be disappointed

restriction to have some time to oneself

to be pleasantly surprised can't stand

extremely request to get time off
67

II. Making, accepting and refusing invitations: Write a possible question or response (both positive and
negative) for each invitation request or reply below.

1) A: Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
B: __________________________________________.
2) A: May I have this dance?
B: __________________________________________.
3) A: __________________________________________?
B: I'm really sorry, but I've got something else going on.
4) A: __________________________________________?
B: That sounds lovely, thank you.
5) A: Care to come over for lunch?
B: __________________________________________.
6) A: __________________________________________?
B: I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
*rain check: used to tell someone that you cannot accept an invitation now, but would like to do so at a later
time
7) A: Would you be interested in coming to my piano recital next Sunday?
B: __________________________________________.
8) A: Wanna go get a bite?
B: __________________________________________.
9) A: Mr. Bergen, would you like to join us for the company luncheon next Wednesday?
B: __________________________________________.
10) A: You're welcome to come and see Julie perform next Wednesday at 8 o'clock.
B: __________________________________________.
11) A: __________________________________________?
B: I'd love to, but I've got another commitment.

68

Grammar Exercises
I. Real Conditional Sentences 1: There are two types of real conditional sentences. In the first type, the
result is known; it happens every time the condition is met. Form: If + present simple, .... present simple.
Make conditional sentences of this type using the words below. Remember to put the verbs in the right form.
1) (I / eat too much / I / get fat)
________________________________________________________________.
2) (you / touch the grill / you / get burned)
________________________________________________________________.
3) (you / get water / you / mix hydrogen and oxygen)
________________________________________________________________.
4) (dogs / bark / there / be intruders around)
________________________________________________________________.
5) (babies / have ear discomfort / they / cry)
________________________________________________________________.
6) (you / mix water and electricity / you / get a shock)
________________________________________________________________.
7) (dogs / eat / chocolate / they / get sick)
________________________________________________________________.
8) (you / smoke while pregnant / you / increase your chances of miscarriage)
________________________________________________________________.
9) (children / be active / they / not get overweight)
________________________________________________________________.
10) (you / heat ice / it / melt)
________________________________________________________________.
11) (my sister / buy expensive clothes / she / go shopping on her own)
________________________________________________________________.
12) (Dana / get sick / she / drink milk)
________________________________________________________________.
13) (the pond / freeze / it / be very cold)
________________________________________________________________.
14) (I / like to eat at the local restaurants / I / be in a new city)
________________________________________________________________.
15) (you / heat water / it / boil)
________________________________________________________________.
*In conditional sentences of this type, 'when', 'whenever', or 'every time' may be substituted for 'if' with no
change in meaning.
69

II. Real Conditional Sentences 2: The second type of real conditional sentence is used for situations that are
possible and might happen in the future. These possible situations depend on meeting the condition
expressed in the 'if clause'. Form: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive. Make conditional sentences of
this type using the verbs below. Remember to put the verbs in the right form.

1) If I __________________ (go) shopping today, I __________________ (drop off) these letters at the post
office as well.

2) If you __________________ (get back) to the office in the afternoon, I __________________ (not / be)
here.

3) If you __________________ (not / come) to basketball practice tomorrow, we__________________ (see)
each other next week.

4) If she __________________ (call), I __________________ (be) surprised.

5) If we __________________ (stop) here, we __________________ (be) late.

6) If they __________________ (go) on vacation this winter, they__________________ (go) skiing.

7) If the weather __________________ (not / improve), the children __________________ (not / play)
outside today.

8) If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I __________________ (be) sleepy tomorrow.

9) If you __________________ (eat) all this cake, you __________________ (feel) sick.

10) I __________________ (move) to another state if I ___________________ (not / find) a job here by the
end of this month.

11) I __________________ (not / leave) work early tomorrow if you __________________ (not / need) my
help with moving.

12) He __________________ (buy) a car if he __________________ (save) enough money by the end of this
year.

14) She __________________ (not / get) the job if she __________________ (not / pass) the language exam.

15) You __________________ (be) late if you __________________ (not / hurry).
70

III. Reflexive Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

1) Rachel made this omelet for _______________.

2) My brother was pretty pleased with _____________ after finishing the painting.

3) We helped _______________ to some of your delicious cake already, so we probably shouldn't have
more.

4) Steven, did you go to movies all by ____________?

5) I wrote this poem ______________.

6) He cut ______________ with a chef's knife while he was chopping some onions.

7) A lion cub can't defend ______________.

8) Let's not get ahead of ______________.

9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help _______________.

10) Abby and David made these stain‐glass window ornaments _________________.

11) The system will shut off by _____________.

12) Jane, help _____________ to some hors d'oeuvres.

13) She hurt ______________ while she was skiing.

14) I live by ______________.

15) They really enjoyed __________________ at the musical last night.
71

Unit 8: Staying Healthy
Unit Objectives


 Discuss and recommend options for healthcare and insurance
 Talk about healthy lifestyle choices
 Explain the benefits of physical exercise
 Make general comments on sports events
 Make a complaint
 Use expressions to express support or disappointment

Vocabulary:
 Health and fitness
 Ailments
 Football

Grammar:
 Determiners
 Adversative conjunctions (to show contrast between two statements)

72

Online Vocabulary

Unit 8 Lesson 1
workout an exercising session
health condition someone's physical and mental state
athlete someone who is good at sports
to be short of breath to find it difficult to breathe or take in air
trainer someone whose job it is to teach a particular skill or activity
session a period of time used for a particular activity
fitness program a detailed workout schedule that helps someone stay in
shape or become fit
too much to handle too difficult to deal with
routine a set of actions that are done in a particular order
freshman first‐year student at a university, college, or high school
disappointing not as good as what was hoped for or expected
questionnaire a form with questions for gathering information
to summarize to give a short explanation about something
to suck to be really bad
impact an influence or effect
to chart to record how something changes
motivation a feeling of excitement or interest that makes someone
want to do something
eating habits the way someone usually eats
to stay focused to give one's energy and attention to something
cardiovascular relating to the heart and blood vessels
to tone to make your body and muscles more firm and healthy

73

Unit 8 Lesson 2
to ache to have a continuous pain in a part of the body
flexibility the ability to bend or move easily
to improve to make something better
can't get enough of something want more of something
to stretch to lengthen and extend
to take advantage of something to use an opportunity to get what you want
too bad unfortunate
to get reimbursed to get back the money paid for something
productivity the amount of work done in relation to time
to enforce to make sure that something gets done

Unit 8 Lesson 3
nephew the son of someone's brother or sister
rugby an athletic game played by two teams with 13 or 15 players
on each
match a game in which players compete against each other
American football an athletic game played by two teams with 11 players on
each team
play specific action in a game
to tackle to force someone to the ground with one's body
out of bounds outside the playing area in a game or sport
Super Bowl a yearly championship football game to decide the winner
of the National Football League in the U.S.
forward pass the act of throwing a ball in the direction of the offensive
team
dynamic lively, with a lot of energy
to scrummage to scramble and push others out of the way to get the ball
during a game
touchdown the act of taking a ball over a goal line to score
half time a rest period between two halves of a game or match
first quarter the first of four time periods in an American football game
to keep someone posted to make sure someone is informed about something
regularly

74

Unit 8 Lesson 4
nurse someone who takes care of sick or injured people, usually in
a hospital
awful terrible, horrible
to make it somewhere to manage to get to a place or event
to get a refund to get money returned, usually for something that is broken
or that someone no longer wants
stomach flu a short sickness during which someone has stomach pain
and diarrhea
non‐stop without stopping
to vomit to have food leave the stomach and come back out through
one's mouth
to pound to hit, thump, or beat at something several times
miserable extremely uncomfortable or unhappy
poor thing a person needing compassion and kindness
aspirin a medication taken to cure minor pains, such as a headache
ibuprofen a medication taken to stop headaches, relax muscles, or
reduce inflammation
pharmacy a shop where medication is prepared and sold
over‐the‐counter medication medicine that can be bought without a prescription from a
doctor
dehydration loss of water in the body
an angel in disguise a really good person


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overweight weighing too much
obese so overweight that it is dangerous for one's health
fad diet diets that promise you will lose weight quickly, such as the
Atkins diet
hype excitement
produce products such as fruits and vegetables

75

Health and Fitness Vocabulary
sedentary characterized by or requiring a sitting position; tending to
sit about without much or any exercise
stamina enduring strength and energy
cardio workout aerobics; various sustained exercises, such as jogging,
rowing, swimming, or cycling, that stimulate and strengthen
the heart and lungs, thereby improving the body's
utilization of oxygen
weight lifting the act or sport of lifting barbells in a certain manner, as a
competitive event or conditioning exercise
squat a physical exercise where you stand with your feet
shoulder‐width (sometimes while holding weights), crouch,
and stand back up again
calf‐raise a physical exercise where you lift your body on the balls of
the feet before slowly lowering it again
sit‐up a physical exercise in which the body is brought into a
sitting position from a lying on the back position
push‐up a physical exercise where you lie face‐down on the floor
with your palms down next to your shoulders, then push up
your body with your arms while keeping your back straight
chin‐up a physical exercise where you hang by the hands from a
parallel bar and then pull your body up until your chin is
next to the bar
flutter kick a physical exercise where you raise the feet a little off the
floor and kick up and down, lying face‐up on the floor with
your fists underneath you
lunge a physical exercise where you stand with your feet
shoulder‐width apart and take a big step forward with one
leg until the back leg's knee is almost touching the floor,
then stand again by straightening the front leg
jumping jack a physical exercise where you jump to a position with legs
spread wide and hands touching overhead, then return to a
position with feet together and arms at the sides
martial arts various East Asian sports or skills, mainly of Japanese origin,
that originated as forms of self‐defense or attack, such as
judo, karate, and aikido

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Expressions of Disappointment and Support

Expressions of Disappointment (Formal)
That's too bad.
That's so disappointing.
I/We had high hopes for …
It did not live up to expectation.
What we had been led to expect was …

Expressions of Disappointment (Informal)
What a pity/shame!
How disappointing!
What a bummer!
What a let‐down!
I was so looking forward to …
That stinks.
That sucks.

Expressions of Support (Positive)
That's great/fantastic/awesome!
I'm (so, very, really) happy/excited/delighted for you/them/him/her.
Well, you deserve it!
I/We feel confident that you/he/she/they … (will do great!)
Congratulations! /Congratulation on the/you're …

Making a Complaint

Making a Complaint (Formal)
I'm afraid I have a complaint about...
I'm sorry to say this, but…
Can I speak to the manager please?
But that's (absolutely) ridiculous!
But that's (really) unfair/unreasonable!
It's just/simple not fair to…
I'd like you to…
Excuse me, but…
I think you might have forgotten to…

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Making a Complaint (Informal)
I'm (just) fed up with/sick of/ tired of/sick and tired of/...
I (just) hate the way you/can't stand the way you...
It really drives me crazy/gets under my skin when…
You (they/he/she) always boss me around/ leave a mess in the kitchen/ etc.
You (they/he/she) never help with housework/ let me get a word in/etc.
This has got to stop! /It's got to stop!

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I. Working with a personal trainer: Imagine that you recently decided to work with a personal trainer to
improve your health and today is your first day meeting the trainer. You have a consultation discussion
with him in order to customize a workout plan. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the

Trainer: Hi, there. My name is Jeremy and I will be your personal trainer for the next few months. Now, let's
first plan a __________________ for you. So what brings you here?
You: To be honest, I never really had a strong _______________ to come to the gym, but my company gave
its employees free gym memberships, so I thought I'd _______________________ it.
Trainer: Sounds fair. So, I did take a look at the ______________ that you filled out and your vitals
_____________, but do you have a__________________ or other concerns that I should know about?
You: Um, not really. I don't have a major disease or anything, but whenever I exercise I
____________________.
Trainer: Well, that's common, especially if you don't exercise regularly. You need to work on building up
your ______________. So what are your ____________________ like?
You: Not bad actually, aside from the occasional indulgence in sweets. I have a pretty fixed meal
_____________.
Trainer: Great. So aside from endurance, what else would you like to _________________?
You: Let's see. Well, my muscles usually feel tense and stiff, so I would like to work on my _______________.
For instance, I really ____________ at yoga.
Trainer: Yep, we need to get you to _______________ and loosen up the tightness.
You: Sounds good to me. Well, there's one more thing that I'd like to add to my workout plan actually.
Trainer: Sure, what's that?
You: Even though I get enough sleep, I feel weighed down half way through the day. This really ___________
my _____________.
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Trainer: That's understandable, given the ______________ nature of your job. The stretching exercises will
definitely help with that and you can easily do them at the office.
You: I hope it is not all going to be ____________________.
Trainer: Not at all. We'll start slowly. Most of my clients ___________________ exercising once they start.
You: Well, I'll do my best to ___________________ and keep on track.
Trainer: Perfect! So, to ______________, the main types of exercise we'll focus on are flexibility and
endurance.
You: Will this fitness regime also help me __________ my muscles?
Trainer: Certainly, the _______________ exercises in your plan will certainly help with that. We are actually
out of time and I have to _________________ to my next __________. Did you have any other questions
though?
You: No, that's it for now. Thanks a lot and I look forward to exercising!
Trainer: Awesome. I'll see you next time.
You: Yep, see you.
Word Bank

stretch routine to get short of breath

motivation to improve too much to handle

stamina cardiovascular chart

can't get enough of session

eating habits questionnaire to impact

fitness program productivity flexibility

stay focused to tone to take advantage of

sedentary health condition summarize

to suck at to make it to
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II. Expressing disappointment and support: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate expression of support or
disappointment.

1)
A:Hey, Frank, guess what?! I'm going to be a father!
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
2)
A: Good afternoon, Professor Smith, I just wanted to let you know that I got the grant for the urban sprawl
project.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
3)
A: Mark recently proposed to me and we plan on getting married this summer.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
4)
A: Hi, Mrs. Moore, I just heard from the HR office that they are giving me a 30 percent raise.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
5)
A: Oh hey, Stacy. I wasn't good enough to get in the swim team after all.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
6)
A: The city ended up cutting down that tree even though the residents were opposed to it.
B: _____________________________________________________________________________________
7)
A: Hi, Peter. Unfortunately, our department's proposal is not the winning one.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
8)
A: I didn't get that job that I kept telling you about.
B: _____________________________________________________________________________________
9)
A: Mr. and Mrs. Carter, I am sorry to let you know that the house you liked is off the market.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________
10)
A: Bummer! The restaurant that we wanted to eat at tonight is closed.
B: ___________________________________________________________________________________

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III. Making complaints: Fill in the blanks with an expression of complaint. Use the hints in parentheses.

1) (Your neighbor's dog rolls around on your flower bed and digs at your flowers)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2) (The bottom of the pizza you ordered at a restaurant is pitch black.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3) (The cashier charged you the price of the shoe as it rang up, not the price on the sale sticker attached to
the shoe.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4) (You receive your first cable bill and see that they did not deduct the discount that they promised you on
the phone.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5) (You have just been seen by a doctor who treated you poorly and refused to listen to your health
complaints.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6) (Your roommate leaves his/her dirty dishes in the sink for you to clean up and never does the dishes
himself/herself.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7) (Your partner interrupts you every time you argue and doesn't let you say a word.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8) (Your sister's boyfriend always bosses her around.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9) (Your partner always points the finger at you whenever something negative happens.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10) (Your roommate walks in the apartment with his/her wet shoes on.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

82

Grammar Exercises


I. Determiners: Write the determiners that belong in the categories below and make a sentence using each
determiner from each category.

Distributive: ____________________________
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________________________

Disjunctive: _____________________________
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________________________

Elective: ________________________________
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________________________

II. Adversative Conjunctions 1: Answer the questions below.

1) What are the adversative conjunctions?
_________________________________________________________
2) Which adversative conjunctions are usually placed before the clause that contains the contrasting
information?
_________________________________________________________
3) Which adversative conjunctions are usually placed at the beginning or the end of a clause, separated from
the other clauses by a comma?
_________________________________________________________
4) Which adversative conjunctions need to be preceded by a semicolon and followed by a colon when used
in between two clauses?
_________________________________________________________

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III. Adversative Conjunctions 2: Join each pair of the following sentences with a suitable adversative
conjunction (without changing the order of the sentences).

1) Theo likes basketball. His favorite sport is baseball.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) I always get sore muscles. I don't run long distances.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3) Everyone pitched in to save money for a new coffee machine. We couldn't save enough to afford that
new, fancy brand.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4) It was supposed to be a full house. There was hardly anyone there when we arrived.
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) He did not win the science competition. He worked hard.
____________________________________________________________________________________
6) She looks much better. She is still sick.
____________________________________________________________________________________
7) My receipt was expired. The cashier gave me a refund.
____________________________________________________________________________________
8) Your son is fully recovered. You should continue giving him his daily vitamins.
____________________________________________________________________________________
9) Your essay is due tomorrow. You haven't even started writing it.
____________________________________________________________________________________
10 I was tired. I accompanied her on her walk.
____________________________________________________________________________________

84

Unit 9: Home Sweet Home
Unit Objectives


 Describe relationships and activities in the community
 Talk about chores and responsibilities
 Describe common home routines
 Identify cleaning objects and products
 Describe basic repairs and work tasks around the home
 Use expressions of agreement and disagreement as well as of apology

Vocabulary:
 Household routines
 Chores and cleaning supplies
 Home problems and maintenance

Grammar:
 Phrasal verbs
 Reciprocal pronouns

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Online Vocabulary

Unit 9 Lesson 1
to contribute to take part in achieving a goal
to complain to express unhappiness about something
to work full‐time to work at a job at least forty hours per week
household chore an ordinary task that must be done regularly in a home
chart a list or graph that organizes information in a way that is
easy to understand
to assume to believe something without knowing whether it's true
to mow the lawn to cut grass in the yard
to rake the leaves to remove leaves that have dropped from trees with a
special tool
to maintain something to take care of something so it remains in good shape or in
the same condition
to vacuum to clean up dirt and other small pieces using a special tool
to do the laundry to wash, fold, and put away clothing
to assign to give someone a task to do
groceries food and other goods that are bought for the home
nightmare a scary dream
to rotate to take turns with something in a fixed order
to get a break to have time off or away
to make a difference to have an important effect on something

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Unit 9 Lesson 2
to inspire to make someone want to do something
to die to stop operating
to have bad news to have upsetting information
to be at it to be doing something
shelf a flat surface attached to a wall, used to put things on
cleaning supplies tools or products used to clean
vacuum cleaner an electric machine that uses suction to clean floors
mop a sponge or cloth attached to a long handle that is used for
washing floors
gloves pieces of clothing that cover someone's fingers and hands
toilet brush a scrubbing tool with a long handle used for cleaning a toilet
laundry detergent a liquid or powder soap used for washing clothes
fabric softener a product used to make clothes soft when they are being
washed
to guarantee to promise that something will be fulfilled
wholesale warehouse a big store that sells large quantities of things at low prices
membership belonging to an organization or club

Unit 9 Lesson 3
leak a hole or crack in an object that water or gas comes out of
to drain to let liquid flow out of something
power surge a momentary oversupply in electricity
to have an issue to have a problem
electrical powered by electricity
plumbing a system of tanks and pipes for supplying water
light socket the holder for a light bulb
literally meaning exactly that
to explode to burst forcefully with a loud noise
to flush to let water flow through or over something to clean it
water valve a piece of equipment that opens and closes in order to
release or stop water from flowing
properly correctly, in a way that is considered right
actually in fact
master key a key that opens all the locks in a building
to oversee to watch something to make sure it is done properly
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Unit 9 Lesson 4
pointless no good reason for it
retirement home a place where older people can live if they need to be taken
care of
to read something closely to read something with great attention
to chaperone to accompany a group of people and manage their behavior
to sign up to register
an extra pair of hands the help of another person
in return an action or payment in exchange for something
essential necessary
wise smart, able to make good choices because of experience
observation a conclusion drawn after looking closely at something
environment the natural world, including land, water, plants, and animals


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interior decorators people who work with you to decorate your house,
including helping with tasks such as choosing furniture or
paint colors for your walls
gazebo an open structure located outside, used for eating and
enjoying the outdoors
know‐how the knowledge needed to perform a task

Home Problems and Maintenance
circuit breaker an automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current
in a suddenly overloaded electric circuit
tripped circuit breaker a circuit breaker "trips", or shuts off and stops the flow of
electricity through an electrical circuit when it senses more
current flowing through it than it's supposed to be
fuse box a housing (case/box) for electric fuses
fuse a small safety part in an electrical device or piece of
machinery that causes it to stop working if the electric
current is too high, and so prevents fires or other dangers;
in modern homes there are usually circuit breakers instead,
which have the same function
blown fuse when the wire inside the fuse melts and breaks the circuit
power outage short‐ or long‐term loss of the electric power to an area,
also called a blackout
electrical current flow of electric charge
88

electrical outlet a receptor to which a piece of electrical equipment can be
connected in order to provide it with electricity
socket a device into which an electric plug can be inserted in order
to make a connection in a circuit
plug an electrical device with two or three pins that is inserted in
a socket to make an electrical connection
flapper the round seal in the bottom of the toilet tank that allows
the water in the tank to rush into the toilet bowl and cause
the toilet to flush
(door) hinge a folding device, usually made of metal, that is attached to a
door, gate, or lid on one side, allowing it to open and close
water heater a heater and storage tank to supply hot water
furnace a container for holding burning substances, usually to heat
buildings or to melt metals and other materials
vent a small opening that allows air, smoke, or gas to enter or
leave a closed space, such as heating vents in homes with
central heating, where the warm/cool air comes from
insulation the act of covering something to stop heat, sound, or
electricity from escaping or entering, or the material used to
achieve this
sprinkler a device with a lot of small holes that you put on the end of
a hose in order to water plants, grass, etc.
masking tape adhesive (sticky) tape used to cover the part of a surface
that should not be painted
duct tape a wide, silver‐gray, strongly adhesive tape that is sold in a
roll and is often used for covering holes or many other
repair jobs

89

Expressions of Agreement
I agree with you 100 percent.
I couldn't agree with you more.
That's so true.
That's for sure.
(slang) Tell me about it!
(slang) I know, right?
You're absolutely right.
Absolutely.
That's exactly how I feel.
Exactly.
I'm afraid I agree with Jane.
I have to side with Mom on this one.
No doubt about it.
(agree with negative statement) Me neither.
(agree with positive statement) Me too.
(weak) I suppose so. /I guess so.
You have a point there.
I was just going to say that.

Expressions of disagreement
I don't think so.
(strong) No way.
I'm afraid I disagree.
(strong) I totally disagree.
I beg to differ.
(strong) I'd say the exact opposite.
Not necessarily.
That's not always true.
That's not always the case.
No, I'm not so sure about that.

Expressions of Apology
I do apologize for...
I must apologize for...
I apologize for...
I'd like to apologize for...
I am so sorry for...
I shouldn't have...
It's all my fault.
I'm ashamed of...
Please, forgive me for...
Excuse me for...
I'm terribly sorry for...
Pardon me for this...
Please, forgive me for my....
Please, accept my apologies for...
90

I. Chores at home: Imagine that you and your best friend have gotten together for some coffee and are
talking about how much/little your partners do around the house. Fill in the blanks with the correct
You: It's nice to finally ________________ from work and get together!
Friend: Yeah, for sure. It is _____________ to have some "me" time. My partner has been great with helping
out with the ____________________ this year, so I get to have some free time now.
You: Lucky you! My partner only _______________ to the household finances. I am the only one who makes
an effort to _______________ the livable state of our home.
Friend: That sucks. You also ___________________, so no wonder you are always tired.
You: Well, we never had that "talk", so my partner just ________________ that I'd do all the housework,
since I am the neat one. How did you guys work out your current arrangement?
Friend: Well, it took a lot of _____________! Haha. Initially, we set down and made a ____________ with all
the household responsibilities.
You: That makes sense. You just ________________ me to do the same thing! So, tell me more.
Friend: Well, each person is ______________ a set of chores. For example, I do the washing and cleaning,
like _____________ and ____________________.
You: Do you guys ever______________?
Friend: No, we pretty much have fixed responsibilities. For example, my partner likes to do all the outdoor
chores, such as ____________________, taking out the trash and the recyclables, and __________________.
You: Who does the cooking?
Friend: We both do, ____________. Whoever comes home first does the cooking. Sometimes while I
_______________, I also prepare our lunches for the next day.
You: That's __________. It must be so nice to have ____________________ around the house.
Friend: Yes, every little bit of help ______________________ when you work all week.
You: I bet! I will have a talk with my partner tonight. I hope it won't be _____________. Maybe when I'm in a
____________________, I'll finally have some free time.
Friend: Oh come on now! Stop
Word Bank
exaggerating. Have this talk with your
partner as soon as you can. It takes to rotate actually to maintain
some time to getting used to the new
arrangement, but you'll see that it will to vacuum to make a difference to complain
work out in the end.
to work full‐time to get a break to assign chart
You: I sure hope so!
household chore to contribute to assume wise
retirement home to inspire to mow the lawn
pointless to do the laundry an extra pair of hands
essential to rake the leaves to be at it
91

II. Agreeing and Disagreeing: Write an agreeing or disagreeing response to each statement below based
on the hints in parentheses.

1)
Mark: It might rain, but we should still go ahead and load the truck.
Jane: I don't want to get wet, so we should wait it out.
You: (agree with Jane) _____________________________________________
2)
Your boss: This quarter's figures indicate a strong growth.
You: (disagree with him/her) ________________________________________
3)
Friend: It is rude and filthy when people don't pick up their dog's waste!
You: (strongly agree) _______________________________________________
4)
Friend: I heard that it always snows until May in Minnesota.
You: (disagree/not always true) ______________________________________
5)
Your boss: We should first and foremost focus on expanding our client base.
You: (completely agree) _____________________________________________
6)
Friend: This bike path is full of potholes!
You: (agree/slang) _________________________________________________
7)
Colleague: We should save our appetite for dinner.
You: (somewhat agree): _____________________________________________
8)
Friend: You can easily parallel park here.
You: (not convinced) ________________________________________________
9)
Friend: I can't stand the smell of cilantro!
You: (agree with negative statement) __________________________________
10)
Friend: I love cilantro!
You: (agree with positive statement) ___________________________________

92

Grammar Exercises


I. Phrasal Verbs 1: Write the definitions of the phrasal verbs below.

1) To make up for: _________________________________________________
2) To count on: ____________________________________________________
3) To put off: ______________________________________________________
4) To take on: _____________________________________________________
5) To look after: ___________________________________________________
6) To be in for something: ___________________________________________
7) To go over: _____________________________________________________
8) To turn down: ___________________________________________________
9) To run for: ______________________________________________________
10) To look for: ____________________________________________________

II. Phrasal Verbs 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verb from the list above.

1) I proposed to her last night, but she ________ me _________.
2) You are not alone. You can always ______________ me, buddy.
3) We have to ____________ __ their dog while they are on vacation.
4) You can _________________ the days you missed by attending evening classes for a month.
5) The rescue team has been _______________ at least six people missing after the recent floods and
landslides.
6) The president ____________ office again in the next election.
7) Would you like me to _____________ the details with you?
8) Next month I am ______________ a huge project which will take at least few months to complete.
9) You shouldn't _______________ telling him the truth about his mother's illness.
10) We _______________ a big surprise when Katie ended up giving birth to twins!

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III. Reciprocal Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with each other or one another.

1) Mike and Steven are brothers, but they really hate ______________.

2) The three dogs suddenly started attacking ______________.

3) Susan and Emma are only 2 years apart in age, so they can wear ______________ clothes.

4) The students helped _____________complete the class assignment.

5) The spectators were bumping into ____________ and blocking _____________ view to get closer to
Mona Lisa.

6) When Jack moved away, we kept in touch by writing letters to _____________ regularly.

7) You guys need to forgive and forget ______________ mistakes and move on.

8) The three sisters were overjoyed and kept hugging ______________.

9) Lee and Leila make a wonderful couple; they bring out the best in ______________.

10) I was delighted to run into Myra the other day; we hadn't seen ______________ in over a year.

94

Unit 10: Summer Adventures
Unit Objectives


 Compare different options for transportation and travel
 Discuss plans for an upcoming vacation and schedule activities
 Make complete arrangements to book a vacation
 Express excitement

Vocabulary:
 Vacation types
 Trip arrangements

Grammar:
 Modal auxiliary verb "should"
 Correlative conjunctions
Online Vocabulary

Unit 10 Lesson 1
to get away to go somewhere different
lazy effortless, calm
brutal extremely unpleasant
hometown the town or area that someone lived in as a child
cheap not expensive
luggage bags and suitcases that are taken on a trip
to be kidding to make jokes or tease someone
bed and breakfast a small hotel that provides a place to sleep and a morning
meal
adventure an exciting and unusual experience
hostel a place where travelers can sleep and have meals for a low
price

95

Unit 10 Lesson 2
departure the time when someone leaves a place
to be fully insured to be completely protected by insurance
to leave something open to keep something undecided
it's official a phrase that means something is actually happening
compact smaller than most things of the same kind
covered included in an insurance plan
to head somewhere to be going in a certain direction
eventually ultimately, at the end of a process
tour guide someone who shows tourists around a place
to appreciate to be grateful for something
fair enough an expression that means something is reasonable

Unit 10 Lesson 3
to book a cruise to buy tickets for a trip on a boat
to go camping to sleep outdoors in a tent for pleasure
to be in the mood for something to feel like doing something
exotic unfamiliar and exciting
cruise a trip on a boat
nope no
ship a large boat used for carrying people or things long
distances
outside cabin a room with a window in the outermost section of a ship

Unit 10 Lesson 4
seatbelt a strap that holds someone in a seat for safety
to buckle the seatbelt to connect both ends of the seatbelt securely
charming attractive and pleasant
plenty a lot, more than enough
to be flooded to be filled with
hot spot a place that is lively and popular
hotel strip a street with many hotels
residential area an area with only homes
amazing surprising and wonderful

96


Gabrielle's Blog
tip a piece of advice; money that you leave for your waiter or
waitress
ticketing agent the airport employee who checks your passport, takes your
luggage, and directs you to your plane
TSA Transportation Security Administration = airport security
officers
accurate with correct/true information
belongings any item you bring with you on the plane, such as a purse or
small luggage

Vacation Types and Trip Arrangement
package deal the offer of a lower price if several things are bought
together (for example, a flight + car + hotel deal)
to arrange to plan, prepare, or organize something
itinerary a detailed plan or route of a journey
counter the desk or place where you do business (check in, pay
money, etc.)
to present to show and give something to someone
domestic within the country
international outside of the country
stowed securely put away safely ("to stow" means to put something away,
and "secure" means in a safe place)
electronic device small machines, such as games, MP3 players, DVD players,
etc.
seat pocket the pocket on the back of the seat in front of you, with
magazines, safety instructions, etc.
loss of cabin pressure when the air in the airplane gets lighter or heavier, and it
becomes harder to breathe
federal law the law of a country
to taxi (of an aircraft) to move slowly on the ground
red‐eye a flight taken at night
baggage claim the place in the airport where you get your luggage, after
your plane lands
ground transport cars, buses, and other vehicles that drive "on the ground"
(instead of in the air or on the water)
97

ocean liner a large commercial ship (especially one that carries
passengers on a regular schedule)
to be on a tight budget when there is not much money available
to call ahead to call before you arrive
vacancies rooms (in a hotel, for example) that are not full
amenities extra things that make you more comfortable (in a hotel,
for example, amenities might include a TV, pool, exercise
room, sauna, etc.)
tourist trap a place, such as a shop or resort area, that offers overpriced
goods and services to tourists
tourist sites places that tourists like to visit when on vacation, such as
historical sites, museums, parks, and restaurants
keepsake a small present, usually not expensive, that is given to you
by someone so that you will remember that person
souvenir something you buy or keep to help you remember a
vacation or special event
knapsack or backpack a bag carried on the back or over the shoulder, used
especially by people who go walking or climbing for carrying
food, clothes, etc.
garment bag a long, flat bag that is carried folded in half, in which a suit
can be kept while travelling
recreation an activity or pastime that promotes relaxation and
enjoyment
sightseeing the activity of visiting interesting places, especially by
people on vacation
water park an amusement park whose attractions include slides,
fountains, and other recreational settings involving water
trekking combines the activities of hiking and camping for an
overnight stay in backcountry wilderness
road trip a long trip taken for pleasure or business in which the travel
is on roads
backpacking travelling a long distance with only a large backpack and
staying at cheap places, like hostels, with the intention of
sightseeing (usually done by young people)
excursion a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group
of people
expedition an organized journey for a particular purpose

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Expressions of Excitement
to be pumped (up) to be very excited and physically ready to do something
to be stoked to be very enthused about something
Subject + be + (really, very, quite) excited + about something
Subject + be + (really) looking forward to something
Subject + feel confident that...
That's / It's / They're amazing / awesome / fantastic / incredible / wonderful/unbelievable!
I can't believe...
I can't wait...
OMG! (Oh my god!)

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I. Planning a trip: Imagine that you and your partner are discussing the details of the short trip that you
plan to take during your summer break. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word
bank and change the form where applicable.

You: I can't wait to _______________ the hustle and bustle of this city for a while.
Your partner: Me neither. It was a ______________ winter, so I can't wait to soak up some sun.
You: So, would you like to go somewhere ___________ or take a ______________?
Your partner: Well, we _____________________, so I don't think we should fly anywhere. We can drive
instead.
You: There are some ___________ little towns up the coast; we could visit several of them.
Your partner: I don't know… My ____________ is quite small and I know from experience that there isn't
usually much to do in these towns.
You: Yes, but the point is to visit several different towns and then we can _________ up north to Canada.
Your partner: Now, that sounds exciting! I ______________________ visiting a new country.
You: Great. Shall we look for some _________ in the region then?
Your partner: ______________ then! This trip is going to be a disaster! Can't we stay in a hotel?
You: _________. How about sleeping in the car?
Your partner: Whatever!
You: Haha. I ________________.
Your partner: How about ___________________ then?
You: ____________. Would you be interested in doing some ____________ at the state parks on our route?
Your partner: Yeah, that sounds _____________. We could even ___________ on several nights.
You: Now, that's a great idea! This way
we can ____________ the parks at Word Bank
night time as well.
hometown to be pumped bed and breakfast
Your partner: And, we'll get
___________ of oxygen. It'll be a nice adventure to be on a tight budget amazing
change from the polluted city air.
You: I ________________ about this hostel to be in the mood for plenty
trip.
charming to appreciate fair enough
Your partner: Me too! I can't wait to
embark on our _______________! to camp exotic trekking to be kidding

to get away from to head road trip

it's official brutal nope 100

II. Expressing excitement: How would you react in each situation? Write an appropriate response using an
expression of excitement.

1) You just won the lottery.
____________________________________________
2) Your best friend told you that she is getting married.
____________________________________________
3) Your brother told you that he will be visiting you soon.
____________________________________________
4) Your application for study abroad has been approved.
____________________________________________
5) Your lab partner tells you that he made good progress last night on your joint project.
____________________________________________
6) Your favorite soccer team is in the finals and you'll get to watch the game this evening.
____________________________________________
7) You didn't think you'd pass your test but you actually did well.
____________________________________________
8) Your partner has been away for a few days and just called you to stay that s/he is about to board the
plane.
____________________________________________
9) You managed to book a reasonably priced flight to visit your family during the winter break.
____________________________________________
10) You are playing in the semi‐finals game of your school's basketball team this afternoon.
____________________________________________

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Grammar Exercises


I. Modal auxiliary verb "should" 1: Decide which meaning of should is implied in the sentences below.
A(dvice), O(bligation), or E(xpectation)

1) The train should have arrived an hour ago. ____
2) We should notify the post office that we'll be away for a week. ____
3) You should really get some rest; you look super tired. ____
4) Employees should arrive at work by 8:00. ____
5) People with diabetes should avoid sweet fruits like bananas. ____
6) He should be here any minute. ____
7) We should return the car before the rental office closes. ____
8) She should definitely see a doctor for that cough. ____
9) Your package should arrive at its destination in a few days. ____
10) You should always practice caution with berries in the wild. ____

II. Modal auxiliary verb "should" 2: Fill in the blanks with should + infinitive or should + have + past
participle. Don't forget the use negation where necessary.

1) It's too late now. She ________________ (apply) for that on‐campus job last week.
2) You ______________ (judge) people before you get to know them.
3) I _________________ (eat) so much last night. I still have heartburn.
4) He ______________ (get) a haircut soon. He looks rather disheveled.
5) I can't believe she left without you. She ____________________ (wait) for you.
6) We __________________ (confess) what we did before it is too late.
7) I ___________________ (know) that he'd deceive me again.
8) You __________________ (order) that chocolate cake. See, you could only eat a few bites.
9) The letter _______________ (get) to you tomorrow. I mailed it first class.
10) I ____________________ (renew) my gym membership last month, but I forgot.

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III. Correlative Conjunctions 1: What are the correlative conjunctions?

‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________
‐ ______________________

IV. Correlative Conjunctions 2: Fill in the blanks in the first five sentences with the appropriate correlative
conjunction from the list above. Join the rest using a correlative conjunction.

1) _______________ did he forget to get her a present for Mother's Day, ______________ he forgot to call
her.
2) The dominant spice in this cake is __________ cinnamon ________ cardamom.
3) __________ Jack _________ his brother is old enough to drive.
4) She is good at __________ baking __________ cooking.
5) He is _________ my lover ________ my friend. He is just an acquaintance.
6) Shannon speaks Spanish. Emily speaks Spanish.
________________________________________________________________.
7) Kevin totaled his car. Kevin suffered severe injuries.
________________________________________________________________.
8) My feet are too hot. My feet are too cold.
________________________________________________________________.
9) I have the key. You have the key.
________________________________________________________________.
10) Kenneth didn't mention his girlfriend. Kenneth didn't mention the wedding.
_________________________________

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Intermediate English E‐Workbook Answer Key
Unit 1 Answers
I. Inquiring about an apartment: Imagine that you see an ad for an apartment and it seems like a good
one. You call the landlord to find out more about this place. Write a question that matches the landlord's
answer.
How many bedrooms and bathrooms does the place have? Two bedrooms, one bath.
Are the utilities included in the rent? Gas and water are included. You need to pay for electricity yourself.
Are pets allowed? Cats are allowed but dogs aren't.
What laundry facilities are available? Every unit comes with a washing machine and a dryer.
When is the apartment available? It will be available on March 1st.
What type of parking is available? There's street parking in front of the apartment building.
How long in advance do I need to notify you before moving out? You must notify me 1 month before
you intend to leave.
Is there a security deposit? Yes, there is. The security deposit is 2 times the rent.
Is the apartment furnished? No, the place doesn't come furnished.
What shape is the living room? L‐shaped.
Which appliances come with the apartment? Fridge, stove, washer & dryer, and three window A/C units.
II. Setting up an appointment: You like what you heard so far, so you want to arrange a time to meet with
the landlord and see the place. Write a question that matches the answer.
You: When can I see the apartment?
Landlord: You can see it this Monday if you'd like.
You: I'm afraid Monday won't work for me. How about Tuesday?
Landlord: Sure, Tuesday is fine.
You: What time is good for you?
Landlord: Well, afternoons work better for me.
You: Would 5 p.m. work you?
Landlord: 5 p.m. sounds good.
You: Is it close to the bus stop?
Landlord: Yes, it's close to the bus stop. After you get off the bus, walk one block in the same direction.
You'll see the apartment building on your left.
III. Before signing the rental contract: Now that you've seen the place, you want to sign the contract.
Before you do that, you want to ask some important questions. Fill in the blanks with the correct
You: If I'm late with my payment, is there a penalty?
You: If I need to move out before the contract ends, can I sublet my place to someone?
You: If I need to leave before my contract ends, do I have to pay any lease breaking fees?
You: Do you require renter's insurance?
You: Under which circumstances is it okay to break the lease without penalties?
You: Which fees are non‐refundable?
You: Do I renew my contract month‐to‐month or for another year after my lease ends?
You: What day of the month is the rent due?

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Grammar Exercises
I. Degrees of Comparison: Write the correct form of comparison in each sentence.
1) That house needs a lot of repairs. It is the oldest (old) house in the neighborhood.
2) The weather was much warmer (warm) in New York than in California last week.
3) I got an A on my essay. It is by far the best (good) essay that I've written.
4) We are going to be busier (busy) next month than we are at the moment.
5) His book is the most exciting (exciting) book that I have ever read.
6) You broke my vase! You need to be more cautious (cautious) next time you vacuum.
7) I am the luckiest (lucky) girl in the world.
8) Your dress looks prettier (pretty) with a belt on.
9) This is the hottest (hot) year in Minnesota on record.
10) I can't believe you just said that! It is the most stupid (stupid) thing I've ever heard.
II. Impersonal Statements: Pick the correct word (one, they, you) for the sentences below.
1) You/One* wouldn't think that she just gave birth. She looks so skinny.
2) That's the least you/one* can do for a friend in need.
3) You/One* can see the stars on a clear night.
4) You/One* can't be too careful.
5) You can't always get what you want.
6) They say that time heals all wounds.
7) They don't teach you this in school.
8) How does one get to the Mall of America from the airport?
9) They mine diamonds in that part of Africa, don't they?
10) If one wants to succeed, one should try hard.
*Both are correct but 'one' is usually more formal.
III. Modal auxiliary verb "must": Complete the second sentence based on the first sentence.
1) She is really ill. She must go to the hospital right now!
2) The gate closes in half an hour. You must hurry.
3) This is a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.
4) The deadline for this application is coming up soon. He must submit his application right away.
5) This is the last train back home. We mustn't miss it.
6) You did warn me about him. Must you always be right?
7) I can't believe he married her! He must be out of his mind.
8) No one answers the door. They must not be home.
9) I can't stand it when you do that. Must you smoke in the house?
10) Your turn will come. You must be patient.

105

Unit 2 Answers
I. Job interview questions: Write a well‐composed reply to each interview question, using present perfect
and past simple tenses.
Note: The answers below are examples only. You should customize them according to your own
professional experience.
1. Have you ever had difficulty working with a manager or a co‐worker?
No, not at all. So far, I have worked with managers and co‐workers in a cordial and productive manner
and have not faced any problems.
Yes, actually. I had a hard time working with a certain coordinator who had the tendency to ignore my
creative ideas during team meetings. I brought it up to her politely and tried to explain to her why my
ideas would be beneficial to the company.
2. Have you ever worked on a project as part of a team? What was your role?
Yes, I have been involved in many team projects, where I was usually the idea generator and the
creative mind behind the projects. Since these are my strengths, I take an active role during the project
set‐up stages.
No, I have not worked on a team project yet; all my work so far has been solo projects. However, I am
eager and interested in working collaboratively.
3. Have you ever faced any problems or challenges at work? How did you handle them?
To elaborate more on that coordinator situation, I'd like to add that it was at times quite discouraging
and frustrating to work there. However, I kept reminding myself that my work was actually appreciated
by my students/customers/patients. I also knew that I could always talk to my boss if my polite efforts to
sort things out with my coordinator did not work.
No, I have not had any problems or challenges at work yet. I am confident in what I know and do, and so
far I have worked effectively and peacefully with all my colleagues.
4. Have you ever worked on a project or in a position where you used your strengths?
Yes, I have. My current boss has always let me use my strengths, such as analytical thinking, attention for
detail, and eagerness for research, by assigning me to projects where I could use and maximize my strengths.
No, not yet. I've had very strict guidelines at my previous jobs. I was expected to do things a certain way.
5. Have you ever dealt with a company policy you didn't agree with? How?
No, I have never had any company policy conflicts.
Yes, I have. I did not agree with the company policy that I had to pay for gas out of my own pocket for
driving to clients' offices from our office. I talked to my boss and we set up a fixed gas allowance per month.
6. Have you had to convince a team to work on a project they weren't thrilled about? How did you do it?
No, so far I have not had to do that.
Yes, I have. I explained to my team members that this project would eventually open doors for other
projects, which would be much more diverse and exciting.
7. Have you ever gone above and beyond the call of duty? If so, how?
Yes, I have. We had rather an unexciting format to follow with the Power Point presentations used
during our international meetings. I not only followed the required guidelines, but also added effective
and concise graphs and visuals that made the information much more attention‐grabbing and effective.
No. Most of my projects have not required extra effort, but I always make sure my work is top‐notch
and my customers are happy.
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II. Meeting with the HR manager: Imagine that you've just received your job offer and you are invited to
meet with the HR manager to discuss the job terms and benefits. Fill in the blanks with the correct
You: Does the company provide health insurance coverage?
HR: Sure, we offer comprehensive coverage with a low premium.
You: Great. Can you tell me more about the other benefits of this job?
HR: Certainly. We offer overtime pay for any work you do beyond your normal working hours and we
have a good 401K retirement plan.
You: Sounds good. When do you usually get a raise?
HR: That depends on how long you've been working here and your performance.
You: Can you clarify the first part please?
HR: Sure, you need to be employed here for at least 6 months. After that, you can expect bonuses and
changes to your salary.
You: If I want to take several days off, do I need to notify you ahead of time?
HR: We are quite flexible with that, but you should give us at least a week's notice.
You: Thank you very much for all the information. If I have other questions, can I stop by your office?
HR: You're very welcome. It's better if you call first to set up an appointment or you can always reach
me by email. Have a great first day at work!
You: Thank you. Bye.
Grammar Exercises
I. Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses: Fill in the blanks using the correct tense and negation where
needed.
1) Last year we visited (visit) the ancient sites in Italy.
2) I have been (be) enrolled in this program since 2012.
3) The girls have not had (have) their lunch yet.
4) She bought (buy) her current car in 2011.
5) We have not seen (see) the Pacific coast yet.
6) I met (meet) him two days ago.
7) Jill and James have become (become) very interested in bungee jumping lately.
8) You have grown (grow) so much since the last time I saw (see) you.
9) I have seen (see) that movie three times already. In fact, just this past weekend I saw (see) it at
Linda's place.
10) You and I have known (know) each other for 10 years.
II. Preposition + "‐ing" constructions: The gerund (‐ing form) must be used when a verb comes after a
preposition (in, at, against, by, on, of, about, without, instead of, after). Fill in the blanks with the right
prepositions and change the verbs in parentheses to gerunds (pay attention to spelling changes).
1) I have absolutely no interest in (listen) listening to all her petty stories.
2) You can improve your English by (keep) keeping a journal and (watch) watching YouTube videos.
3) I went straight home after (leave) leaving the party.
4) You can't learn a language without (make) making mistakes.
5) I am pretty good at (draw) drawing animal and human figures.
6) She is tired of all the (nag) nagging and (complain) complaining that her mother does.
7) You should just come clean instead of (lie) lying to your girlfriend.
8) We need to keep on (go) going.
9) He is really sad about (lose) losing his job.
10) I don't object to (work) working this weekend.
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III. Passive Voice: Passive voice is used when we do not know who committed the action or when we want
to emphasize the action, not the doer. It is especially common in scientific writing; however even in
scientific writing it can cloud the meaning of your sentences if you use it too often. Using active voice
helps keep the meaning of your sentences clear and not too complicated. Turn the active voice sentences
below into passive voice sentences and vice versa.
1) Someone left the front door open earlier.
The front door was left open earlier (by someone).
2) The letter was mailed by Mary. Mary mailed the letter.
3) My father built this violin. This violin was built by my father.
4) Three men, posing as janitors, stole three Vermeer paintings from the Louvre last night.
Three Vermeer paintings were stolen from the Louvre last night by three men posing as janitors.
5) The cake was picked up by James. James picked up the cake.
6) They damaged our cargo during the trans‐Atlantic flight.
Our cargo was damaged during the trans‐Atlantic flight.
7) A mistake was made by me when entering this information into the database.
I made a mistake when entering this information into the database.
8) A massive storm flooded the capital city and left many people homeless.
The capital city was flooded and many people were left homeless by a massive storm.
9) The fish was caught by the seagull. The seagull caught the fish.
10) The bill requires a two‐thirds majority to pass. A two‐thirds majority is required for the bill to pass.
Unit 3 Answers
I. Making professional phone calls: Imagine that you work at the ABC Company as a purchasing associate
and would like to schedule an appointment with a wholesales manager, Mr. Ramirez, at the XYZ
Company, to talk about wholesale options for your company. Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases.
XYZ Secretary: Good afternoon, this is XYZ Company. How may I direct your call?
You: Good afternoon. My name is ….. May I speak to Mr. Ramirez, please?
XYZ Secretary: One moment please, I'll transfer you.
You: Thank you.
Mr. Ramirez: Hi, Oscar Ramirez from wholesales speaking.
You: Hello, Mr. Ramirez. My name is …… and I work at the ABC Company as a purchase associate.
Mr. Ramirez: Hello Mr./Mrs. ….. How may I help you?
You: I would like to schedule an appointment with you to talk in detail about the wholesales options that
you might have available for our company.
Mr. Ramirez: We can definitely do that.
You: Would this Wednesday, the 6th work for you?
Mr. Ramirez: Sure, Wednesday the 6th is fine. Shall we say 11 am?
You: That sounds good.
Mr. Ramirez: When you come in, ask for me at the front desk and I will come downstairs to meet you.
You: I will do that. I look forward to our meeting.
Mr. Ramirez: Me too. Have a nice day.
You: You too. Bye.

108

II. Getting to know your colleagues: Mark has recently started working at a company, where he also
interned in the past, and he is meeting and getting acquainted with his new colleagues. He sees the IT
technician, Amy, and decides to make small talk. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the
Mark: Hi, I'm Mark. What's your name?
Amy: Nice to meet you, Mark. I'm Amy.
You: Nice to meet you, Amy.
Amy: So, what's your background?
You: Well, I am the new junior marketing associate. I interned here when I was a student at the
University of Wisconsin a few years back. How about you?
Amy: I am in charge of the computer networking systems here. So if you ever need IT help, just send me
a message.
Mark: That's great. Actually, I was wondering if you could take a look at my computer.
Amy: Sure. What seems to be the problem?
Mark: I can't access my email account.
Amy: Oh, that's because we are doing our quarterly server maintenance today, so it should be back up in
half an hour or so.
Mark: That's good to hear. I was worried about getting behind with my emails.
Amy: Yes, I understand. By the way, we are having a surprise party for the boss at the Rec center to
celebrate her 50th birthday. You should come over!
Mark: That sounds awesome. Just email me the details and I'll be there.
Amy: Sure thing. Well, I'd better get back to work. See you later.
Mark: Yep, see you!
Grammar Exercises
I. Possessive Constructions using "‐'s": Fill in the blanks with the nouns in the parentheses using ‐'s.
1) This is Marty's book. (Marty)
2) That's the Smiths' house right there. (Smiths)
3) The children's room is upstairs. (children)
4) This building's structure is not sound. (building).
5) Susan and Steve's car is old. (Susan ‐ Steve)
6) Men's shoes are on the second floor. (Men)
7) My parents' car was not expensive. (parents)
8) Charles's phone is brand new. (Charles)
9) This is the boy's toy. (boy)
10) This is the boys' toy. (boys)
II. Reported Speech: Change the direct speech sentences below into indirect speech.
1) "He works in an office."
She said (that) he worked in an office.
2) "We went out to eat yesterday."
She told me (that) they went (had gone) out yesterday (the night before).
3) "I'm leaving next week."
She said (that) she was leaving next week (the following week).
4) "I was waiting for the bus when he drove past me."
She told me (that) she had been waiting for the bus when he drove past her.
5) "I've never been here before."
She said (that) she had never been here (there) before.
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6) "I didn't go to my dentist appointment yesterday."
She told me (that) she hadn't gone to her dentist appointment yesterday (the day before).
7) "Sam will meet us now."
She said (that) Sam would meet them (us) now (then).
8) "Where is he?"
She asked me where he was.
9) "What are you doing?"
She asked me what I was doing.
10) "How is your mother?"
She asked me how my mother was.
III. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose: Fill in the blanks using in order to, to ensure that, or so that.
1) You need to zoom in in order to* view the details.
2) We keep our cheese in the fridge so that it doesn't go bad.
3) Susan checked out some gardening books in order to* learn more about growing tomatoes.
4) Add our company's email address to your contacts list to ensure that future emails don't end up in
your junk folder.
5) Elizabeth is putting on her winter jacket so that she won't catch a cold.
6) You should come over sometime in order to* see our new place.
7) Maria is learning English so that she can pursue her Master's degree in the U.S.
8) He went back to school in order to* improve his English.
9) I need to leave work 15 minutes earlier than usual today so that I can make it to the post office before
it closes.
10) I turned the radio down so that I won't miss the phone ringing.
* 'To' and 'in order to' can be used interchangeably; however, 'in order to' sounds more formal.
Unit 4 Answers
I. Catching up: Imagine that you see one of your colleagues, who you haven't talked to for a while, in the
cafeteria. You stop to have a quick chat with her. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the
You: Hey, Lisa, long time no see! How have you been?
Lisa: Oh, hey there, Mona. I've been super busy. My 3 o'clock just canceled, so I thought I'd grab
something to eat. How about you?
You: I was actually on my way out but I thought I'd stop by and get some coffee to go. I've recently been
promoted to supervisor; so it's been pretty hectic lately.
Lisa: Seriously? Congratulations! We should get together sometime and celebrate.
You: That would be awesome. We have so much to catch up on. Actually, would you and Michael like to
join us for a picnic lunch this Saturday? It can be a double date.
Lisa: I'm afraid that's not possible. Michael and I broke up a couple of months ago and I haven't been
dating anyone since.
You: No way! I'm so sorry to hear that. How about a girls' night out then?
Lisa: That sounds like fun! You should text me later so that we can arrange it.
You: Will do! It's so nice to see you again, and I'll talk to you soon.
Lisa: You, too. Take care.

110

II. Dealing with a complaint: Imagine that you work as a customer service representative for an electronics
retailer, Electromax. A dissatisfied customer calls and complains about a missing item in his package. Try
to calm the customer down and offer a solution by using expressions of empathy.
You: Electromax, how may I help you today?
Customer: Hi. The cell phone that I ordered online did not come with a wall charger.
You: I'm really sorry about that inconvenience.
Customer: It's easier for me to charge with a wall charger. Charging with a USB cable is very
inconvenient.
You: I understand how difficult that would be.
Customer: The box says that the wall charger is included!
You: May I have your order number and last name please?
Customer: My order number is 905268 and my last name is Knutson.
You: Alright, Mr. Knutson. Let me see what I can do for you.
Customer: Send me the wall charger!
You: O.K. It seems that the supplier was out of this wall charger at the time your phone was mailed to
you. The wall charger was actually sent to you separately two days after your phone was mailed. So, you
should be receiving the wall charger in a couple of days.
Customer: That's a relief.
You: I would be upset too.
Customer: Well, thank you for your help.
You: You are very welcome and again I apologize for the delay.
Customer: Well, it's all sorted out now. Bye.
You: Have a nice rest of your day. Bye now.
Grammar Exercises
I. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive adjective and
pronouns.
1) I don't need to pack my (I) camera. My husband is bringing his (he).
2) I can't see your (you) cat around. You told me it would be at its (it) usual spot.
3) These coins are mine (I) and those are yours (you).
4) Those are their keys (they).
5) Everyone has a secret. What's hers (she)?
6) Lucy wrote down everyone's phone number except for ours (we).
7) I'm not sure if this is their (they) house. Theirs (they) was a lot smaller than this one.
8) Go ahead and take what's yours (you).
9) Whose bags are these? They are ours (we).
10) Our (we) suitcase was much heavier and not as shabby looking. This one must be yours (you).
II. Past Participle Form of Irregular Verbs: Write the past participle form next to the irregular verbs below.
To take taken To speak spoken
To get got (or gotten) To hurt hurt
To see seen To tell told
To become become To set set
To deal dealt To hit hit
To fight fought To catch caught
To grow grown To kneel knelt
To let let To run run
To sew sewn or sewed To mean meant
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To seek sought To ring rung
To think thought To teach taught
To eat eaten To drink drunk
To shake shaken To grow grown
To go gone To wake woken
To upset upset To throw thrown
To lose lost To hide hidden
To spit spit or spat To rise risen
To mean meant To light lit or lighted
To fly flown To send sent
To quit quit To pay paid
To lend lent To lie (down) lain
To forgive forgiven To leave left
To hold held To lay laid
To freeze frozen To keep kept
To steal stolen To cut cut
To hang* hung To forbid forbidden or forbade
*(an item, not a person ‐ if you talk about hanging a person, use ‐ed)
III. Qualifying Adverbs (used before adjectives): Fill in the blanks with the appropriate qualifying adverb:
extremely, pretty, quite, rather, totally, surprisingly, and awfully.
1) A: How's your tea? B: It is rather bland actually.
2) A: I thought you didn't care for carrot cake. B: Yes, but this one tastes surprisingly good.
3) A: How's your book? B: It's awfully long and boring.
4) A: How do you like that sofa? B: It is quite comfortable actually.
5) A: I am not very good at telling temperatures in Fahrenheit. What kind of weather is it when it's 120
degrees Fahrenheit? B: That's extremely hot weather.
6) A: Do you like your new PlayStation? B: Yeah, it's pretty cool.
7) A: Why is John so upset at Jane? B: He is totally convinced that she didn't invite him to her wedding
on purpose.
Unit 5 Answers
I. Buying a car: Imagine that you are at a car dealership, shopping for a new car. In this dialogue, you will
be talking to a car salesman, asking him questions about a blue car you spotted across the lot. Write
questions to match the answers of the car salesman. Note: This conversation does not include bargaining,
which is highly recommended in real life.
Car Salesman: Hi there! Can I help you find a car today?
You: Could I ask you some questions about that blue car over there?
Car Salesman: That's a great car. What are your questions?
You: What's the make and model?
Car Salesman: Let's move closer to it, shall we? Well, it looks like it's a Honda CR‐V.
You: What's the mileage?
Car Salesman: Uh, let me check. Oh yes. 57,157 miles.
You: What year is it from?
Car Salesman: 2011
You: Is it accident free?
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Car Salesman: Yes, it's absolutely accident free.
You: How many cylinders does the engine have?
Car Salesman: It is a 4 cylinder engine.
You: How many horsepower is the engine?
Car Salesman: 180 hp.
You: Does it run on gas or diesel?
Car Salesman: Gasoline.
You: What's the average gas mileage in the city and on the highway?
Car Salesman: For city driving, it is 21 mpg and for the highway it is 27 mpg.
You: Is it a 4‐wheel drive?
Car Salesman: Yes, it is a 4‐wheel drive.
You: What's the transmission?
Car Salesman: It is 5 speed automatic transmission.
You: When were the brakes and the tires last changed?
Car Salesman: Let's see… Both the brakes and the tires were replaced last spring.
You: What are some of the interior accessories?
Car Salesman: It has leather seats, an auto day/night mirror, all season floor mats, power windows and
mirrors, cruise control, A/C, audio controls on the steering wheel, a rear wiper, reclining rear seats,
privacy/tinted glass, and more!
You: Great. Can I take it out for a test drive?
Car Salesman: Sure, hop on in and we'll go for a test drive.
You: How much is the asking price?
Car Salesman: $16, 990.
You: Do you offer financing?
Car Salesman: Sure. Why don't you step into my office? We'll go over the details inside.
II. Car talk: You just bought a new car and your friend has come over to take a look at it and install new
speakers. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change the form where
applicable.
You: Hey, Yuri, thanks for coming over and helping me install a new sound system.
Yuri: No problem. This looks like a nice ride! Are you glad that you switched to Honda from Toyota?
You: Yes, I am. I went back and forth for a while between those two makes, but I eventually realized that
Honda has better gas mileage.
Yuri: Was the salesman pushy?
You: To be honest, he was quite helpful and did not make me furious or uneasy like other salesmen
usually do.
Yuri: Did you pay for it upfront or finance it?
You: I had to take out a car loan. The price was reasonable though.
Yuri: Was it difficult to get a loan?
You: Not really. I have a good credit history.
Yuri: More than you can say for your driving record, eh? Haha.
You: Haha. True, but I only got two tickets in the past three years. I am not really a reckless driver.
Yuri: Yeah, I know. I am just kidding.
You: I haven't gotten pulled over in the last 11 months or so.
Yuri: Well, shall we go over your speaker options and then discuss how to install them?
You: Yes, let's do this!

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Grammar Exercises
I. Present Continuous Tense vs. Simple Future Tense:
1) We've signed the lease. We are moving (move) on the 1st.
2) Just ring the doorbell. Tom will be (be) home all evening.
3) I'm sorry I am busy tonight. I'm having (have) dinner with my parents‐in‐law.
4) You will see (see) a brick house on your left after you make the turn.
5) Are you wearing (wear) your brown shoes tonight? If not, may I borrow them?
6) She is not visiting (visit) that store today or ever again. She thinks that the sales associates there are rude.
7) I hope that you'll have (have) a great time in Miami.
8) Oh no! I broke mom's vase. Do you think she will be (be) angry?
9) Jen's leaving (leave) for Wisconsin in two days.
10) Will you remember (remember) her number? Maybe you should write it down.
II. Expressing Wishes (I wish..., If only...): Put the verbs in parentheses below in correct tense.
1) If only I didn't have (have‐negative) so much homework. I could go to the concert tonight.
2) I wish you'd give up (give up) smoking. It's really bad for you.
3) I wish you didn't live (live‐negative) so far away.
4) I wish it would rain (rain). The garden really needs some water.
5) I wish I knew (know) what to do.
6) I wish you wouldn't borrow (borrow‐negative) my clothes without asking.
7) I wish I could go (go) to your wedding next week, but I can't.
8) I wish I was (be) rich.
9) I wish I had studied (study) for my exam! I will fail this course now.
10) If only I could see (see) my grandmother more often, but I can't.
11) If only this traffic was (move) moving!
12) If only I hadn't argued (argue‐negative) with him! He doesn't talk to me anymore.
III. Contractions: Fill in the blanks with the right contraction and tense of the verbs provided in parentheses.
1) We'll see (see) you in English class next week!
2) Oh no! There's (be) no milk in the refrigerator.
3) There'll be (be) time to chat later.
4) It's raining (rain) cats and dogs right now.
5) I think it'll snow (snow) later.
6) I wasn't home (be‐negative) last night.
7) Mary doesn't eat (eat) meat during Lent.
8) Donald can't swim (can swim‐negative).
9) The store won't open (open) early tomorrow.
10) James and Joe haven't left (leave‐negative) yet.
11) You shouldn't (should cheat‐negative) cheat or you'll get (get) caught.
12) Joseph hasn't taken out (take out) the trash yet.
13) I couldn't do (cannot do‐negative) it even though I tried really hard.
14) He's (be) almost twenty one years old.
15) I'm (be) as old as he is.
16) English isn't (be‐negative) very hard!
17) You shouldn't leave (should leave‐negative) the refrigerator door open for so long.
18) We weren't (be‐negative)at the event last night.
19) You're (be) always punctual!
20) I've met (meet) many people since I moved here.
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Unit 6 Answers
I. Out and about with a friend: Imagine you are out shopping with your friend and you take a lunch break.
Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change the form where
applicable.
Friend: I wonder where we should go for lunch. Let me pull up the restaurants app on my phone and
look up some nearby restaurants.
You: Good idea. I still have a flip phone. It's kinda embarrassing.
Friend: Well, it depends on what you want out of your phone and plan. When my previous contract
ended, I was eligible to upgrade to a smartphone.
You: Do you have unlimited calls and a decent amount of data on your plan?
Friend: Yes, I do and it is quite affordable. You should switch to my cellphone provider.
You: I just might! So, do you see any seafood restaurants nearby? I love shellfish.
Friend: Uh, I am allergic to seafood.
You: Oh no, is it life‐threatening or do you just get annoying symptoms?
Friend: It is actually pretty serious. I would have to use my EpiPen if I were to eat some by mistake.
You: Well then, how about some Italian?
Friend: Actually, there's a pretty good Italian place around here that makes out‐of‐this‐world risotto.
You: Yum, I am starving. I still would like to go over their specials though.
Friend: They also make these little pasta pockets filled with cheese and spinach.
You: Oh, you mean ravioli. Umm, I think I'll order the meat lasagna.
Friend: Yeah, you would! You are such a carnivore.
Friend: I love that they have outdoor seating available.
You: Who would want to sit indoors when it is so nice and sunny out?
Friend: Right. I sure don't miss all that shoveling I did this past winter.
You: Me neither. My partner broke his arm, so I ended up doing all the work this winter.
Friend: Poor you. I didn't mind the snow that much until we got snowed in on the weekend of my
sister's recital. I was sad to miss it.
You: I bet! Oh will you look at that?! Our food looks phenomenal.
II. Returning and exchanging: Imagine that you recently went on a shopping spree, but after you got home,
you realized that you don't want some of the items and others just don't fit right. You go back to the
customer service desk at the mall to exchange a shirt that is the wrong size and return a jacket because
the color didn't match your outfit at home. Write questions/answers that fit in the dialogues below.
Dialogue 1:
Cashier: I can help whoever is next in line.
You: Hi. I would like to exchange this shirt for a different/bigger/smaller size, please.
Cashier: No problem. Just leave the shirt with me while you look for the right size.
You: I found the right size.
Cashier: Great. Here's your new receipt. Have a nice day.
Dialogue 2:
Cashier: Hi. How may I help you today?
You: Hi. I'd like to return this jacket, please.
Cashier: Is there anything wrong with it?
You: No, but the color did not match the outfit I planned on wearing.
Cashier: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have your receipt with you?
You: Unfortunately not. I can't seem to find my receipt. /I lost my receipt.
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Cashier: All returns must be accompanied by a receipt for full refund in the form of original payment.
Would you like to exchange it for something else?
You: No. I don't need anything else.
Cashier: The best I can do is issue you store credit for the amount that rings up when I scan the tag.
You: Can I use it only at this store?
Cashier: No, you can use it at all our branches.
You: Does it expire?
Cashier: No. It doesn't expire. Would you like to do that then?
You: Yes, please.
III. Asking for help at the store: Imagine that you are shopping at a co‐op and looking for beeswax candles.
You can't seem to find any, so you ask for help. Write answers/questions that fit in the dialogue below.
You: Excuse me, I've been looking for beeswax candles, but I can't seem to find any. Do you have any?
Sales associate: We do carry beeswax candles, but we are all out at the moment. Sorry about that.
You: Do you know anywhere else I could try?
Sales associate: Umm, you might want to try another co‐op in the city. We usually carry the same items.
You: Do you have anything similar?
Sales associate: Let me think. Well, we also carry soy candles. Would you be interested in those?
You: Maybe. Could you show me where they are?
Sales associate: Sure, right this way. This whole section is soy candles.
You: Do you have any deals going on?
Sales associate: Yep, this brand here is buy one get one half off. Is there anything else I can help you
with?
You: No, thank you.
Sales associate: You're welcome.
Grammar Exercises
I. Relative Pronouns: Relative pronouns can refer to people or things in both singular and plural. Which
relative pronouns are used :
1) to refer to people? who or that, whom, and whose
2) to refer to things, impersonal nouns, or events? that, which, of which, or to which
3) with possessive pronouns? his/her/its ‐> whose
4) with direct and indirect pronouns? him/her/it ‐> whom
II. Relative Clauses: Make one sentence by changing the second sentence into a defining relative clause.
The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. Note that sometimes the
relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause (meaning you can drop 'who', 'which' or 'that' if you
want) and sometimes it's the subject (meaning you can't drop 'who', 'which' or 'that').
1. The guests were late. My parents invited the guests.
The guests (who / that) my parents invited were late.
2. The doctor was out of the office. I wanted to see the doctor.
The doctor (who / that) I wanted to see was out of the office.
3. The secretary just had a baby boy. The secretary works for my father's company.
The secretary who / that works for my father's company just had a baby boy.
4. I had a date with the guy. You met the guy last week at my studio.
I had a date with the guy (who / that) you met last week at my studio.

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5. The remote control can't be fixed. The remote control is broken.
The remote control which / that is broken can't be fixed.
6. Jason made a photocopy of the drawing. I made the drawing.
Jason made a copy of the drawing (which / that) I made.
7. I met an old woman. The woman was a paleoanthropologist.
I met an old woman who / that was a paleoanthropologist.
8. We called the doctor. The doctor works at our primary clinic.
We called the doctor who / that works at our primary clinic.
9. We like the mezzo‐soprano. The mezzo‐soprano was in Gardiner's production of "The Marriage of
Figaro".
We like the mezzo‐soprano who / that was in Gardiner's production of "The Marriage of Figaro".
10. I went to the Indian restaurant. I read about the restaurant in this week's "Eat" section of the Saint
Paul Pioneer Press.
I went to the Indian restaurant (which / that) I read about in this week's "Eat" section of the Saint Paul
Pioneer Press.
11. She bought a car. Her husband also liked the car.
She bought a car (which / that) her husband also liked.
12. I often buy expensive wine. The wine is imported from Australia.
I often buy expensive wine which / that is imported from Australia.
13. The hairdresser was very good. The hairdresser has short blonde hair.
The hairdresser who / that has short blonde hair was very good.
14. The physical therapist is now retired. The physical therapist treated my grandfather.
The physical therapist who / that treated my grandfather is now retired.
15. The snow blower is now in the garage. The snow blower broke down.
The snow blower which / that broke down is now in the garage.
III. Uncountable Nouns 1: Answer the questions below.
a. Which quantifiers (a little, a few, many, much, some, etc.) are used with:
countable nouns?
many, a few, few, several, each, every, a couple of, not many, too many
uncountable nouns?
much, little, a little, any, a lot of, not much, too much, a great deal of
both countable and uncountable nouns?
some, any, a lot of, plenty of, enough
b. Which articles are used with:
countable nouns?
a, an, the
uncountable nouns?
the
IV. Uncountable Nouns 2: Write as many uncountable nouns as you can think of that belong to the
following categories:
Example answers are given. Your answers may vary.
Countable ‐> Uncountable
Fluids: water, coffee, tea, milk, blood
Gases: air, oxygen, nitrogen, steam
Solid substances: bread, cheese, wood, metal, ice, silver, glass, butter, cheese, bread
Granular substances: sand, rice, pepper, sugar, flour, chalk
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Energy words and forces: electricity, sunshine, radiation, heat, magnetism
Fields of study: French, economics, history, biology, engineering, politics
Abstract ideas or qualities: information, knowledge, advice, education, democracy, intelligence, news,
fear, love, beauty, anger, happiness
Languages: English, Chinese, German, Japanese, Tamil, Dutch, Turkish, Georgian, Arabic
Nouns formed from verbs: swimming, reading, biking, studying
Games and sports: football, tennis, chess, poker
Natural phenomena: rain, fog, sunshine, hail, snow, thunder, smog
General categories/ grouped concepts (groups consisting of similar items): vocabulary, fruit, money,
jewelry, food, furniture, makeup, traffic, luggage, mail, homework
V. Uncountable Nouns 3: For each general category below (uncountable nouns) come up with specific items
(countable nouns).
Example answers are given. Your answers may vary.
Uncountable ‐> Countable
Furniture: chair, table, bed, dresser, lamp fixture, sofa, desk, loveseat
Jewelry: earring, necklace, bracelet, ring, locket, chain, pendant
Makeup: lipstick, blush, eye shadow, mascara, bronzer, highlighter
Luggage: carry‐on, suitcase, backpack, laptop bag, duffel bag
Homework: essay, paper, assignment, task, project
Mail: letter, postcard, package, flyer, catalogue
Money: coins, bills, quarters, nickels, dimes
VI. Proper Order of Multiple Adjectives 1: Put the adjective order categories below in the right order.
shape (i.e. round, square), observations (i.e. lovely, interesting), origin (i.e. Turkish, Roman), size (i.e.
tiny, huge), age (i.e. old, ancient), color (i.e. brown, green), material (i.e. gold, silk)
observations (opinion adjectives) + size + shape + age + color + origin + material (size adjectives)
VII. Proper Order of Multiple Adjectives 2: Put the adjectives in the phrases below in the right adjective
order. Based on the first adjective in the order, pick the correct determiner (a or an).
1) pink, ugly= an ugly, pink dress
2) old, German, black, tiny= a tiny, old, black, German pen
3) old, fascinating= a fascinating, old manuscript
4) wooden, small, brown= a small, brown, wooden chair
5) middle‐aged, tall, Scottish, funny= a funny, tall, middle‐aged, Scottish man
6) large, stunning, brown, old= a stunning, large, old, brown dog
7) petite, Native American, smart= a smart, petite, Native American girl
8) ancient, gold, small, dazzling= a dazzling, small, ancient, gold ring
9) long, navy blue, Italian, gorgeous, silk= a gorgeous, long, navy blue, Italian, silk scarf
10) large, delicious, chocolate, rectangular= a delicious, large, rectangular, chocolate cake

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Unit 7 Answers
I. Getting invited: Imagine that you are at a meeting with your supervisor (academic or professional) and
at the end of the meeting, she invites you to the end of year "Happy Holidays" party. This will be your
first time at that event. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word bank and change
the form where applicable.
Supervisor: The last thing on the agenda is our department's annual "Happy Holidays" party at the end
of the month.
You: At the end of the month? I was actually thinking of getting time off from work before the start of
next month, which is likely to be as hectic as this month. I am exhausted.
Supervisor: Oh, that's too bad. I know people will be disappointed if you can't make it. Did you already
put in your request for time off?
You: No, I haven't. I just need to have some time to myself for a few days before the next big project,
but I wouldn't want to miss this event. So, I'll save the date.
Supervisor: Great. Do you have any dietary restrictions or preferences?
You: Yes, actually. I am a vegetarian and I can't stand broccoli.
Supervisor: Haha. You are not the only one, but Susan makes this incredible broccoli rabe pasta dish.
You should give it a try. Who knows, you might actually be pleasantly surprised.
You: I might, actually. I am not a picky eater and I am easily satisfied. I just won't eat any meat though.
Supervisor: No worries. Kevin, Chung Hee, and Natasha are also vegetarians, so you guys will have
plenty of vegetarian options to pick from.
You: Sounds good. This is a great occasion to celebrate our department's accomplishments this year.
Supervisor: Definitely! Everyone seems extremely happy and more motivated than ever. Well then, I'll
see you at the party soon.
You: O.K. Have a nice afternoon.
Supervisor: You too.
II. Making, accepting and refusing invitations: Write a possible question or response (both positive and
negative) for each invitation request or reply below.
1) A: Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
B: Sure. What time? Or I can't. I have to work.
2) A: May I have this dance?
B: I'd love to. Or No, thank you (for the kind offer), but I am going to sit this one out.
3) A: Would you like to go to the movies tomorrow?
B: I'm really sorry, but I've got something else going on.
4) A: We'd be delighted to have you over for our Christmas party.
B: That sounds lovely, thank you.
5) A: Care to come over for lunch?
B: Sure. When should I be there? Or That's really kind of you, but I'm actually doing something else
this afternoon.
6) A: Do you want to go shopping tomorrow?
B: I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
*rain check: used to tell someone that you cannot accept invitations now, but would like to do so at
a later time
7) A: Would you be interested in coming to my piano recital next Sunday?
B: I'd be delighted, thank you. Or I'm afraid I can't. I'm busy then.

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8) A: Wanna go get a bite?
B: Sure. Or I can't. I have to finish this essay.
9) A: Mr. Bergen, would you like to join us for the company luncheon next Wednesday?
B: Thank you. I'd love to join you. Or That would be nice, but I'm afraid I can't. I'll be out of town that
day.
10) A: You're welcome to come and see Julie perform next Wednesday at 8 o'clock.
B: Thank you. I'd like that! Or That's very kind of you, but I have something on that night.
11) A: I was just wondering if you would like to go out for a drink this evening.
B: I'd love to, but I've got another commitment.
Grammar Exercises
I. Real Conditional Sentences 1: There are two types of real conditional sentences. In the first type, the
result is known; it happens every time the condition is met. Form: If + present simple, .... present simple.
Make conditional sentences of this type using the words below. Remember to put the verbs in the right form.
1) (I / eat too much / I / get fat)
If I eat too much, I get fat.
2) (you / touch the grill / you / get burned)
If you touch the grill, you get burned.
3) (you / get water / you / mix hydrogen and oxygen)
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
4) (dogs / bark / there / be intruders around)
Dogs bark if there are intruders around.
5) (babies / have ear discomfort / they / cry)
If babies have ear discomfort, they cry.
6) (you / mix water and electricity / you / get a shock)
If you mix water and electricity, you get a shock.
7) (dogs / eat / chocolate / they / get sick)
If dogs eat chocolate, they get sick.
8) (you / smoke while pregnant / you / increase your chances of miscarriage )
If you smoke while pregnant, you increase your chances of miscarriage.
9) (children / be active / they / not get overweight)
If children are active, they don't get overweight.
10) (you / heat ice / it / melt)
If you heat ice, it melts.
11) (my sister / buy expensive clothes / she / go shopping)
My sister buys expensive clothes if she goes shopping on her own.
12) (Dana / get sick / she / drink milk)
Dana gets sick if she drinks milk.
13) (the pond / freeze / it / be very cold)
The pond freezes if it is very cold.
14) (I / like to eat at the local restaurants / I / be in a new city)
I like to eat at the local restaurants if I am in a new city.
15) (you / heat water / it / boil)
If you heat water, it boils.
*In conditional sentences of this type, 'when', 'whenever', or 'every time' may be substituted for 'if' with
no change in meaning.

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II. Real Conditional Sentences 2: The second type of real conditional sentence is used for situations that are
possible and might happen in the future. These possible situations depend on meeting the condition
expressed in the 'if clause'. Form: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive. Make conditional sentences of
this type using the verbs below. Remember to put the verbs in the right form.
1) If I go (go) shopping today, I will drop off (drop off) these letters at the post office as well.
2) If you get back (get back) to the office in the afternoon, I won't be (not / be) here.
3) If you don't come (not / come) to basketball practice tomorrow, we will see (see) each other next
week.
4) If she calls (call), I will be (be) surprised.
5) If we stop (stop) here, we will be (be) late.
6) If they go (go) on vacation this winter, they will go (go) skiing.
7) If the weather doesn't improve (not / improve), the children won't play (not / play) outside today.
8) If I don't go (not / go) to bed early, I will be (be) sleepy tomorrow.
9) If you eat (eat) all this cake, you will feel (feel) sick.
10) I will move (move) to another state if I don't find (not / find) a job here by the end of this month.
11) I will not leave (not / leave) work early tomorrow if you don't need (not / need) my help with moving.
12) He will buy (buy) a car if he saves (save) enough money by the end of this year.
14) She will not get (not / get) the job if she doesn't pass (not / pass) the language exam.
15) You will be late if you don't hurry (not / hurry).
III. Reflexive Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
1) Rachel made this omelet for herself.
2) My brother was pretty pleased with himself after finishing the painting.
3) We helped ourselves to some of your delicious cake already, so we probably shouldn't have more.
4) Steven, did you go to movies all by yourself?
5) I wrote this poem myself.
6) He cut himself with a chef's knife while he was chopping some onions.
7) A lion cub can't defend itself.
8) Let's not get ahead of ourselves.
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help yourselves.
10) Abby and David made these stain‐glass window ornaments themselves.
11) The system will shut off by itself.
12) Jane, help yourself to some hors d'oeuvres.
13) She hurt herself while she was skiing.
14) I live by myself.
15) They really enjoyed themselves at the musical last night.
Unit 8 Answers
I. Working with a personal trainer:
Trainer: Hi, there. My name is Jeremy and I will be your personal trainer for the next few months. Now,
let's first plan a fitness program for you. So what brings you here?
You: To be honest, I never really had a strong motivation to come to the gym, but my company gave its
employees free gym memberships, so I thought I'd take advantage of it.
Trainer: Sounds fair. So, I did take a look at the questionnaire that you filled out and your vitals chart,
but do you have a health condition or other concerns that I should know about?
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You: Um, not really. I don't have a major disease or anything, but whenever I exercise I get short of
breath.
Trainer: Well, that's common, especially if you don't exercise regularly. You need to work on building up
your stamina. So what are your eating habits like?
You: Not bad actually, aside from the occasional indulgence in sweets. I have a pretty fixed meal routine.
Trainer: Great. So aside from endurance, what else would you like to improve?
You: Let's see. Well, my muscles usually feel tense and stiff, so I would like to work on my flexibility. For
instance, I really suck at yoga.
Trainer: Yep, we need to get you to stretch and loosen up the tightness.
You: Sounds good to me. Well, there's one more thing that I'd like to add to my workout plan actually.
Trainer: Sure, what's that?
You: Even though I get enough sleep, I feel weighed down half way through the day. This really impacts
my productivity.
Trainer: That's understandable, given the sedentary nature of your job. The stretching exercises will
definitely help with that and you can easily do them at the office.
You: I hope it is not all going to be too much to handle.
Trainer: Not at all. We'll start slowly. Most of my clients can't get enough of exercising once they start.
You: Well, I'll do my best to stay focused and keep on track.
Trainer: Perfect! So, to summarize, the main types of exercise we'll focus on are flexibility and
endurance.
You: Will this fitness regime also help me tone my muscles?
Trainer: Certainly, the cardiovascular exercises in your plan will help with that. We are actually out of
time and I have to make it to my next session. Did you have any other questions though?
You: No, that's it for now. Thanks a lot and I look forward to exercising!
Trainer: Awesome. I'll see you next time.
You: Yep, see you.
II. Expressing disappointment and support: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate expression of support or
disappointment.
1) A: Hey, Frank, guess what?! I'm going to be a father!
B: Congratulations. I'm so happy for you and your wife. Or That's awesome! I'm sure you guys will be
great parents.
2) A: Good afternoon, Professor Smith, I just wanted to let you know that I got the grant for the urban
sprawl project.
B: Congratulations. I feel confident that you'll do a great job.
3) A: Mark recently proposed to me and we plan on getting married this summer.
B: That's wonderful news! I'm really happy for you two.
4) A: Hi, Mrs. Moore, I just heard from the HR office that they are giving me a 30 percent raise.
B: Congratulations. Well, you deserve it!
5) A: Oh hey, Stacy. I wasn't good enough to get in the swim team after all.
B: I'm so sorry to hear that. What a bummer!
6) A: The city ended up cutting down that tree even though the residents were opposed to it.
B: What a shame!
7) A: Hi, Peter. Unfortunately, our department's proposal is not the winning one.
B: That's so disappointing. Or I was looking forward to that project.

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8) A: I didn't get that job that I kept telling you about.
B: I'm sorry to hear that. Or What a bummer. Or That sucks.
9) A: Mr. and Mrs. Carter, I am sorry to let you know that the house you liked is off the market.
B: We had high hopes for buying that house.
10) A: Bummer! The restaurant that we wanted to eat at tonight is closed.
B: That sucks! Or I was so looking forward to it.
III. Making complaints: Fill in the blanks with an expression of complaint. Use the hints in parentheses.
1) (Your neighbor's dog rolls around on your flower bed and digs at your flowers.)
I'm afraid I have a complaint about your dog. It rolls around on my flower bed and digs at my flowers.
2) (The bottom of the pizza you ordered at a restaurant is pitch black.)
Excuse me, but I would like another pizza please. The bottom of this pizza is completely burnt.
3) (The cashier charged you the price of the shoe as it rang up, not the price on the sale sticker attached
to the shoe.)
But that's really unfair and misleading! Can I speak to the manager please?
4) (You receive your first cable bill and see that they did not deduct the discount that they promised you
on the phone.)
I think you might have forgotten to apply the discount that your sales associate (name here) offered me.
5) (You have just been seen by a doctor who treated you poorly and refused to listen to your health
complaints.)
I would like to file a complaint about one of the physicians at your practice. May I speak to your general
clinic manager please?
6) (Your roommate leaves his/her dirty dishes in the sink for you to clean up and never does the dishes
himself/herself.)
I'm just tired of doing your dishes.
7) (Your partner interrupts you every time you argue and doesn't let you say a word.)
I can't stand the way you interrupt me. You never let me finish.
8) (Your sister's boyfriend always bosses her around.)
This has got to stop!
9) (Your partner always points the finger at you whenever something negative happens.)
This can't go on. You always blame me for everything.
10) (Your roommate walks in the apartment with his/her wet shoes on.)
It really drives me crazy when you walk around the house with wet shoes on and track mud everywhere.
Grammar Exercises
I. Determiners: Write the determiners that belong in the categories below and make a sentence using each
determiner from each category. Example answers are given. Your answers may vary.
Distributive: each, every
Sentence 1: I checked the ingredients of each meal they offer on the plane, so I'm sure you'll be fine.
Sentence 2: I know every sonnet written by Shakespeare.
Disjunctive: either, neither
Sentence 1: Do you want to first eat and then see a movie or the other way around? Either is fine with
me.
Sentence 2: They had chocolate and red velvet cake left, but neither of them were good.
Elective: whatever, whichever
Sentence 1: Whatever choice you make, let it come from your heart.
Sentence 2: I'm sure you'll like whichever puppy you decide to adopt.

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II. Adversative Conjunctions 1: Answer the questions below.
1) What are the adversative conjunctions?
Even though, although, though, however, but, yet, still
2) Which adversative conjunctions are usually placed before the clause that contains the contrasting
information?
Yet, still , but
3) Which adversative conjunctions are usually placed at the beginning or the end of a clause, separated
from the other clauses by a comma?
However, though, although, even though
4) Which adversative conjunctions need to be preceded by a semicolon and followed by a colon when
used in between two clauses?
However, still
III. Adversative Conjunctions 2: Join each pair of the following sentences with a suitable adversative
conjunction (without changing the order of the sentences).
1) Theo likes basketball. His favorite sport is baseball.
Theo likes basketball, but his favorite sport is baseball.
2) I always get sore muscles. I don't run long distances.
I always get sore muscles, even though I don't run long distances.
3) Everyone pitched in to save money for a new coffee machine. We couldn't save enough to afford that
new, fancy brand.
Everyone pitched in to save money for a new coffee machine; still, we couldn't save enough to afford
that new, fancy brand.
4) It was supposed to be a full house. There was hardly anyone there when we arrived.
It was supposed to be a full house, yet there was hardly anyone there when we arrived.
5) He did not win the science competition. He worked hard.
He did not win the science competition, although he worked hard.
6) She looks much better. She is still sick.
She looks much better, but she is still sick.
7) My receipt was expired. The cashier gave me a refund.
Even though my receipt was expired, the cashier gave me a refund.
8) Your son is fully recovered. You should continue giving him his daily vitamins.
Your son is fully recovered; however, you should continue giving him his daily vitamins.
9) Your essay is due tomorrow. You haven't even started writing it.
Your essay is due tomorrow, yet you haven't even started writing it.
10 I was tired. I accompanied her on her walk.
Although I was tired, I accompanied her on her walk.
Unit 9 Answers
I. Chores at home: Imagine that you and your best pal got together for some coffee and are talking about
how much/little your partners do around the house. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from
the word bank and change the form where applicable.
You: It's nice to finally get a break from work and get together!
Friend: It sure is! It is essential to have some "me" time. My partner has been great with helping out
with the household chores this year, so I get to have some free time now.
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You: Lucky you! My partner only contributes to the household finances. I am the only one who makes an
effort to maintain the livable state of our home.
Friend: That sucks. You also work full‐time, so no wonder you are always tired.
You: Well, we never had that "talk", so my partner just assumed that I'd do all the housework, since I am
the neat one. How did you guys work out your current arrangement?
Friend: Well, it took a lot of complaining! Haha. Initially, we set down and made a chart with all the
household responsibilities.
You: That makes sense. You just inspired me to do the same thing! So, tell me more.
Friend: Well, each person is assigned a set of chores. For example, I do the washing and cleaning, like
vacuuming and doing the laundry.
You: Do you guys ever rotate?
Friend: No, we pretty much have fixed responsibilities. For example, my partner likes to do all the outdoor
chores, such as mowing the lawn, taking out the trash and the recyclables, and raking the leaves.
You: Who does the cooking?
Friend: We both do, actually. Whoever comes home first does the cooking. Sometimes while I am at it, I
also prepare our lunches for the next day.
You: That's wise. It must be so nice to have an extra pair of hands around the house.
Friend: Yes, every little bit of help makes a difference when you work all week.
You: I bet! I'll have a talk with my partner tonight. I hope it won't be pointless. Maybe when I'm in a
retirement home, I'll finally have some free time.
Friend: Oh come on now! Stop exaggerating. Have this talk with your partner as soon as you can. It takes
some time to getting used to the new arrangement, but you'll see that it will work out in the end.
You: I sure hope so!
II. Agreeing and Disagreeing: Write an agreeing or disagreeing response to each statement below based
on the hints in parentheses.
1) Mark: It might rain, but we should still go ahead and load the truck.
Jane: I don't want to get wet, so we should wait it out.
You: (agree with Jane) I agree. /I have to side with Jane on this one.
2) Your boss: This quarter's figures indicate a strong growth.
You: (disagree with him/her) I'm afraid I disagree.
3) Friend: It is rude and filthy when people don't pick up their dog's waste!
You: (strongly agree) I totally agree. /Absolutely! /I couldn't agree with you more.
4) Friend: I heard that it always snows until May in Minnesota.
You: (disagree/not always true) Not necessarily. /That's not always true/the case.
5) Your boss: We should first and foremost focus on expanding our client base.
You: (completely agree) You are absolutely right. /I agree with you 100 percent.
6) Friend: This bike path is full of potholes!
You: (agree/slang) I know, right? /Tell me about it!
7) Colleague: We should save our appetite for dinner.
You: (somewhat agree): I guess so. /I suppose so.
8) Friend: You can easily parallel park here.
You: (not convinced) I don't think so. /No, I am not so sure about that.
9) Friend: I can't stand the smell of cilantro!
You: (agree with negative statement) Me neither.
10) Friend: I love cilantro!
You: (agree with positive statement) Me too!
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Grammar Exercises
I. Phrasal Verbs 1: Write the definitions of the phrasal verbs below.
1) To make up for: to compensate, to correct
2) To count on: to rely on, depend on
3) To put off: to postpone, or to discourage
4) To take on: to start or begin an activity
5) To look after: to take care of
6) To be in for something: to be faced with an unavoidable future situation
7) To go over: to examine, consider, or check the details of (something)
8) To turn down: to reject
9) To run for: to be a candidate in a political election
10) To look for: to search for
II. Phrasal Verbs 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verb from the list above.
1) I proposed to her last night, but she turned me down.
2) You are not alone. You can always count on me, buddy.
3) We have to look after their dog while they are on vacation.
4) You can make up for the days you missed by attending evening classes for a month.
5) The rescue team has been looking for at least six people missing after the recent floods and landslides.
6) The president will run for office again in the next election.
7) Would you like me to go over the details with you?
8) Next month I am taking on a huge project which will take at least a few months to complete.
9) You shouldn't put off telling him the truth about his mother's illness.
10) We were in for a big surprise when Katie ended up giving birth to twins!
III. Reciprocal Pronouns: Fill in the blanks with each other or one another.
1) Mike and Steven are brothers, but they really hate each other.
2) The three dogs suddenly started attacking one another.
3) Susan and Emma are only 2 years apart in age, so they can wear each other's clothes.
4) The students helped one another complete the class assignment.
5) The spectators were bumping into one another and blocking one another's view to get closer to Mona
Lisa.
6) When Jack moved away, we kept in touch by writing letters to each other regularly.
7) You guys need to forgive and forget each other's mistakes and move on.
8) The three sisters were overjoyed and kept hugging one another.
9) Lee and Leila make a wonderful couple; they bring out the best in each other.
10) I was delighted to run into Myra the other day; we hadn't seen each other in over a year.
Unit 10 Answers
I. Planning a trip: Imagine that you and your partner are discussing the details of the short trip that you
plan to take during your summer break. Fill in the blanks with the correct word/phrase from the word
bank and change the form where applicable.
You: I can't wait to get away from the hustle and bustle of this city for a while.
Your partner: Me neither. It was a brutal winter, so I can't wait to soak up some sun.
You: So, would you like to go somewhere exotic or take a road trip?
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Your partner: Well, we are on a tight budget, so I don't think we should fly anywhere. We can drive
instead.
You: There are some charming little towns up the coast; we could visit several of them.
Your partner: I don't know… My hometown is quite small and I know from experience that there isn't
usually much to do in these towns.
You: Yes, but the point is to visit several different towns and then we can head up north to Canada.
Your partner: Now, that sounds exciting! I am in the mood for visiting a new country.
You: Great. Shall we look for some hostels in the region then?
Your partner: It's official then! This trip is going to be a disaster! Can't we stay in a hotel?
You: Nope. How about sleeping in the car?
Your partner: Whatever!
You: Haha. I am kidding.
Your partner: How about bed and breakfasts then?
You: Fair enough. Would you be interested in doing some trekking at the state parks on our route?
Your partner: Yeah, that sounds amazing. We could even camp on several nights.
You: Now, that's a great idea! This way we can appreciate the parks at night time as well.
Your partner: And, we'll get plenty of oxygen. It'll be a nice change from the polluted city air.
You: I am pumped about this trip.
Your partner: Me too! I can't wait to embark on our adventure!
II. Expressing excitement: How would you react in each situation? Write an appropriate response using an
expression of excitement.
1) You just won the lottery.
(Oh my god!) I can't believe I just won the lottery.
2) Your best friend told you that she is getting married.
That's wonderful! /I look forward to your wedding.
3) Your brother told you that he will be visiting you soon.
I am very excited about your visit. /I really look forward to seeing you again.
4) Your application for study abroad has been approved.
I look forward to studying abroad. /I'm so stoked about this.
5) Your lab partner tells you that he made good progress last night on your joint project.
That's awesome. /I feel confident that we will get an A on this project.
6) Your favorite soccer team is in the finals and you'll get to watch the game this evening.
I'm so stoked about this game.
7) You didn't think you'd pass your test but you actually did well.
I can't believe I passed my test and got a good grade!
8) Your partner has been away for a few days and just called you to stay that s/he is about to board the
plane.
I can't wait to see you.
9) You managed to book a reasonably priced flight to visit your family during the winter break.
I am so excited. /I look forward to going back home and seeing my family.
10) You are playing in the semi‐finals game of your school's basketball team this afternoon.
I'm so pumped up. /I can't wait to score some baskets.
Grammar Exercises
I. Modal auxiliary verb "should" 1: Decide which meaning of should is implied in the sentences below.
A(dvice), O(bligation), or E(xpectation)
1) The train should have arrived an hour ago. E
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2) We should notify the post office that we'll be away for a week. O
3) You should really get some rest; you look super tired. A
4) Employees should arrive at work by 8:00. O
5) People with diabetes should avoid sweet fruits like bananas. A
6) He should be here any minute. E
7) We should return the car before the rental office closes. O
8) She should definitely see a doctor for that cough. A
9) Your package should arrive at its destination in a few days. E
10) You should always practice caution with berries in the wild. A
II. Modal auxiliary verb "should" 2: Fill in the blanks with should + infinitive or should + have + past
participle. Don't forget to use negation where necessary.
1) It's too late now. She should've applied (apply) for that on‐campus job last week.
2) You shouldn't judge (judge) people before you get to know them.
3) I shouldn't have eaten (eat) so much last night. I still have heartburn.
4) He should get (get) a haircut soon. He looks rather disheveled.
5) I can't believe she left without you. She should have waited (wait) for you.
6) We should confess (confess) what we did before it is too late.
7) I should have known (know) that he'd deceive me again.
8) You shouldn't have ordered (order) that chocolate cake. See, you could only eat a few bites.
9) The letter should get (get) to you tomorrow. I mailed it first class.
10) I should have renewed (renew) my gym membership last month, but I forgot.
III. Correlative Conjunctions 1: What are the correlative conjunctions?
‐ both… and…
‐ either… or…
‐ neither… nor…
‐ not only…, but also…
‐ whether…or…
‐ just as…, so…
IV. Correlative Conjunctions 2: Fill in the blanks in the first five sentences with the appropriate correlative
conjunction from the list above. Join the rest using a correlative conjunction.
1) Not only did he forget to get her a present for Mother's Day, but also he forgot to call her.
2) The dominant spice in this cake is either cinnamon or cardamom.
3) Neither Jack nor his brother is old enough to drive.
4) She is good at both baking and cooking.
5) He is neither my lover nor my friend. He is just an acquaintance.
6) Shannon speaks Spanish. Emily speaks Spanish.
Both Shannon and Emily speak Spanish.
7) Kevin totaled his car. Kevin suffered severe injuries.
Not only did Kevin total his car, but also he suffered severe injuries.
8) My feet are too hot. My feet are too cold.
My feet are either too hot or too cold.
9) I have the key. You have the key.
Either I have the key, or you have the key.
10) Kenneth didn't mention his girlfriend. Kenneth didn't mention the wedding.
Kenneth mentioned neither his girlfriend nor the wedding.
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UNIT 3: A DAY AT WORK ..................................................................................................................................... 22

UNIT 5: BUYING A CAR ......................................................................................................................................... 40

UNIT 6: A DAY IN TOWN ...................................................................................................................................... 49

UNIT 8: STAYING HEALTHY ................................................................................................................................. 72

UNIT 10: SUMMER ADVENTURES ........................................................................................................................ 95

INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH E‐WORKBOOK ANSWER KEY ................................................................................. 104

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