Johannes W.Rohen Chihiro Yokochi Elke Liitjen-Drecoll ATLAS GIAI PHAU NGUOI = NHA XUAT BAN Y HOC (BAC STHOASCac phuong phap chan dodn hinh anh Willi A. Kalender Nho cdc phuong phép chén dodn hinh anh hién dai, ching ta cé thé thay thé viée phdu tich cau tric gidi phiu trén xéc bing c4ch phan tich cac cu tric 46 trén co thé séng. N6i chung, hién nay c6 bén phuong phdp chén doan hinh anh sau: 1. Chup hinh anh biing tia X (tia Ron-ghen) 2. Siéu 4m 3. Chyp cat Iép bang tia X c6 trang bi may tinh (CT imaging) 4. Chup cong hudng tir hat nhan (MR imaging) Chup hinh anh bang tia X (Hinh 1) chi yéu cho phép tham do cu trie cia bo xuong dé phat hién cde ton thuong nhu: gay xuong, trat khép hoac céc dj dang cia xuong va day ching. Trong vai thap kj gan day, ngudi ta da cdi tién ky thuat chyp bing tia X dé lam tang chat lugng hinh anh va lam gidm su dgc hai do nhiém tia X. Ngay nay, ngudi ta cing 4a Ging dung ky thuat s6 trong ky thuét chup biing tia X. Trong nhiéu trudng hgp, ky thugt chyp bing tia X la khong thé thiéu duge, vi dy nhu trong phdu thuat, chyp hinh edu trie xuong va phéi. Siéu am (Hinh 2), Nguyén ly cia phuong phép nay la dya vao sf lan truyén va phan xa cia song am duge tao ra béi mot dp dign tinh thé, sau d6 duge ghi lai dé cho mét hinh anh cat theo lép. Siéu 4m bj han ché vé dé phan gidi khong gian cing nhu vé chat Iwong hinh anh nhung 48 4p dung, gid thanh tuong déi ré va c6 thé ding dé chain dodn sém trong nhiéu trugng hgp. Déng thai, phuong phép nay khong gay ra bat ky mot sy nguy hiém hoac doc hai nao. Do 46 nén siéu am con duge ding dé xem hinh anh cia thai nhi 6 trong tit cung. finh 1: Hinh anh chup so bing tia X (mat trude-sau) Hinh 2: Hinh anh siéu am thai nhi ba thang tu trong tiz cung‘Trong phutong phép chup bing tia X ¢6 trang bi méy tinh (CDlinh 3), eée hinh doh dusi dang abing mat edt cba adi ‘atgng dupe tinh todn ty ede 6 do tia X 6 niu huting. Nhimg of ‘mie gidi phi duge thé hign trong ef hinh anh eft ngang Khéng chiu nhiing téc dong chéng tia vin han ché higu qua cia phep chyp tia X. Ngay nay, ngubi ta o6 thé thu duge hinh ah eta eee {quan hoan chinh hoBe ede ving giai phi chi trong mot thoi gian ngén (dui 60 gidy). Cae #6 ligu thu thap duge bing chyp CT xodn 6e (xem s¢ dé) cho phép dung lén hin anh edu tric gia phi voi 4 phan gidi khong gian rét cao & bat kj binh dign mong musn idm Ki VF cae ch odo | | 14 trinh xoay len tue cial ng tia X va cic Adv dd Hugng chuyén png lien tue foba bnh nhan Nguyén ly ehyp eft lap xodn 06 trang bi may dien tos (CT) (luge 46) Phuong php chup cong huding tit hat nan (MRD (inh 4 va 6), Trong phuong phap niy, ngubi ta sit dung méy tinh ‘phuong phép wily 36 iu v8 hinh anh hign ai. Tuy nhién, vige thu thép 96 liéu va ed ehé tuting phan trong phuong phép nay kha hodn toan wi phuong phap chup edt lép bing my tink. DSi tuomg clin chyp duge dat trong mbt ti trvdng on eb kha nang x8 at thang hang ese long eye tr cia efc hat nhan va phin wrkhée nnhau trong e0 thé con neu, Sau dé nguti ta pha v0 trang thai cen bing nay bling edc song dign tid tan s6 tr 10 Kiloxich/giy {én 30 Megaxich/gidy). Sy Kha bit cia esc nguyén tit va phin tit ‘ita hai trang thai ndy 98 duge ghi lai mot each day ai va chin ae, Didu do cho phép thay duge mat d0 cia cée mo vi hon ni 8 cho biét duge ede thing &6 sinh héa duge gi ten kigu nbut~ lust sit edo xoay tron - xoay trdn Ty va To. Cée co ché taxmg phan Ikhde nhau vi link heat ra ede hiding thet nhan cuns cp cho ching ta eOng ca chéin don méi véi mot tiém nang rong lon. Su phat tiga eta MRI vin dug tip tye v6i vige cdi thign chat lume, hhinh amb va mé rong pham vi dng dung, Chup hinh chile nang, chi yéu dé dénh gid dng vige ti mula mot dng dung mdi day. Hinh 4. Hinh anh chyp cOng hudng tivhat nhan eta déu (MR-Image, mat edt ding doe) Hinh 3. Hinh anh chup ciit Ip bling may tinh so nao véiba binh dién khae nhau bang ky thuat CT xodn. Hinh 5. Hinh anh chup cOng hwéng tit hat nhan cha hé mach bung (MR-Image, mat edt diing ngang)1 chup CT va MR-Image theo khéng hiéu (Hinh 6). Kha nang xi ly hinh anh huat sé lam tang dang ké tiém nang cla _ Viée c&t doan va cht giai cc hinh anh c6é ai nhiing hinh anh gidi phdu giéng nhu rung thyc cao ciia hinh anh ba chiéu gidp thy thud cé thé hoach dinh, chudn bi va nhiing can thiép ngoai khoa bang cach tao mé hinh giai phau ciia ngudi bénh gidng Jinh 7). Dé phan gidi ca CT va MR c6 thé ic dudi Imm. Muc phan giai nay chi dat ; $6 tng dung. Noi chung, cdc phuong phap X-quang khéng bao gid cé thé cho ta chat h anh gidi phdu dai thé. Tuy nhién, wu 4c phuong phaép tham dd bang X-quang la 1 lai hinh anh cia co thé song ma khéng thiép phau tich nao. Hinh 6. Hinh anh ba chiéu chup cat lép tinh eta phéi va trung that. 1h anh ba chiéu cia phuong phap chup thé tich CT xoan cho hinh anh giai ph4u cia bénh ic mé hinh bang chat déo duge tao ra dua vao nhiing dit kién nay (duge in hinh néi) c6 thé duge | »ké hoach cudc mé.Giai phdu dai cuvong i" i t ut ) 13 | 4 | | 15 aq 18 19 Céu tie cia eo thé va bp xuong ngudi Mau xanh = eée khép. A= dau. B = ngve (dng ngwe). C= ede Khoang bung va chau hong. ‘Tréi véi hdu hét ede loai 6 vi khée, og thé con ngudi duge e&u tao thich hgp véi sy di chuyén bang hai chan. é thé nbn ra duge ba nguyen ly téng quat vé ou trac ciia eo thé con ngutti nhu sau: 1. Nguyén ly vé su phn doan la nguyén ly chi dao @ phiin than. C6t sdng va léng ngye bao gém nhing phan tung adi ngang bing duge s&p xép theo tiét doan. 2, Neuyén ly vé sy cain xuing hai bén. Hai phia cla ea thé duge chia ra bing mot mat phang diing doe gia va dung nhula hinh anh sof guang véi nhav. 3, Nguyen ly vé tinh phn eye gita dau d mot cue ‘va chi dudi 4 cyc kia. Ging nhv trung tam cia he théng thong tin, ddu chia cde gide quan chinh va ‘io, Du cé dang hinh edu, edn ede chi gdm efe xuong duge sip xép theo hinh tia, s6 ligng cfc xuong tang dan vé phiaxa than minh, ‘A.Xuong so gém hai phan: 1. Phén so nao chi yéu chia nao va cde gide quan. 2, Phéin mat chéa 6 mai, 6 migng va ed quan nhai. Hop 49 lién tip véi Ong sng trong chiia thy sing (tay gai). B. Nagy chifa ede oo quan ho hap va tuéin hoan (phéi, tim.) va cd mot e6 tang trong 6 bung nim dudi co hoanh. ©. 6 bung chita cée tang dong vai trd trong chuyén ha nhut gan, da day, rudt, ede eo quan bai tiét va sinh dye (than, Us cung, bang quan .). Ce eo quan sau nay chi yéu nim trong ch@u hOng (ngoai trit tinh hoan), 1. Phan nao 2. Phan mat 3. Cot sing (oan 6) 4. Xuog don 5. Xuong vai 6. Cae muong sun 7. Xuong te 8. Cénh tay (xuong cénh tay) 9. Cot sting (doan that lung) 10, Xuong quay See ee 12, Chu hong 18, C6 tay (cde xuong ¢6 tay) 14. Cae ngén tay (ede xuong adt ngén tay) 15, Doi (aatong i) 16. Xuong bah che va khdp gi 17. Xuong chay 18, Xuong mae |" 19, Cae xuong o6 chain 20, Cae xuong dot ban chan | ta hop so Joan tay ban chan1. Xuung de 2, Tam thét phai 3. Co hoanh 4,Gan 5. Da day 6, Mac treo két trang ngang 7. Két trang ngang 8, Ron 9, Mae treo rudt non 10, Rut non 11. Tir ung 12, Bang quang 13, Khép dinh mu 14, Tam nh trai 15, Thuy dudi cia gan 16. Téi mae n6i ‘Thiét 46 dving doc gitta qua than (nd). 19. 20, 21 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, Budi ngya Dia gian dét song (doan that lung) YU nho xuong cing Két trang xich-ma Ong hau mon Hau mon Bu (so thén kinh) va nao Két trang len Rugt thita Vang mat (so tang) vi 6 migng va moi Khi quén va thanh quin Léng ngye va phéi Tim Hinh chiéu cia eg hodnh len bé mat Lach Két trang suing ‘Tinh hoan Vi tri etia ede eo quan bén trong (noi tang) cia eo thé ngudi (mat trude). Cac khoang chinh ciia co thé va ede thanh phén 6 trong. I | Sau Ngoai 1 a (a on Trong— i Cée mat phing etia eo thé: 1. Mat phéng ngang 2, Mat phiing diing ngang 3. Mat phing diing doe t a Dusi‘Thigt dé diing doe gitfa qua od thé gti (nd), Hinh minh hoa ede khoang chinh cin co thé, Cac ni tang dil duye bo A: Hop 89 A, Ong sing B, : Ling ngye B, : G ngogi tam mae ¢,:6 bung ©, Bhoang chu hong D :Cahoanh vi trf clim c&e c# quan bén trong (ndi tang) cla eg thé ngual (mit bén). Ba khoang chinh cia ed thé vA cf thanh phin bén trong. 1, Bau (ap thén kin) va no 2, Cae sung mat vi 6 migng va moi 3. Che a6ing: (don 6) 4. Ling ngye vt ph6i 5, Tim 6. Hink chiéu eda co hoanh ten bé mat 7. Xug vai 8. Gan 9. Dg day 10. nu 12, 13, M4, 15 16, M1 Kit trang lon Két trang ngang Nifu quin Rapt thise Rut non Bubng tring va vol ti cung Trye tring ‘Ti cung 18, Bang quangBo xuong truc Dau 1. Xiong tran 2. Xudng chim 3. Xutong dink 4.6 mit 5.0 mai 6. Xusng ham trén 7. Xudng gd ma 8. Xuimg ham dusi Than va ngye Cot séng 9. Cée ddt sing 06 10, Cac dét song neve 11. Cae dit séing that lung 12. Xuong cing 13. Xuong cut 1, Céc dia gian dét sing Neve 15. Xudng ite 16, Cae xuong sun 17. Sun sutn 18. Gée dusi te BO xuong treo Chi trén va dai vai (dai ngyo) 19. Xuong don 20. Xuong vai 21, Xusng cénh tay 22. Xuong quay 23, Xuong try 24. Cac xuong ¢6 tay 95. Cée xuong dat ban tay 26. Cae xuong ddt ngén tay Chi duéi va khung chéu 27. Xwong ednh chau 28, Xuong mu 29, Xuong ngéi 30. Khép dinh mu 31. Xuong di 32, Xuong chay 33, Xuong mée 34. Xuong banh ché 36. Cae xuong ¢6 chan 26. Cée xuong dét ban chén Cée xvong dét ngén chan 38. Xuong got BO xuong cita tré 5 tudi (mat trude). Cac mui tén hing ving c6 tém syn ting trudng. Tréi vdi ngudi trudng thanh, cde xuong suén 6 tré em nim ngang hon.Sy cét héa cua cac xuong 1. HO dusi vai 2. Mém qua 3.6 chao 4, Mém cing vai 5. Gai vai 6. H6 dui gai Sucdthéa cia céexuong (ben tréi: mat trude, bén phai: mat sau), 1. Sun cia mao chau 2, Xuomg edmh ehgu 3. Sun 4. Xumg mu 5. Xuong ng 6.6 obi Suet héa cia xuong chgu (ben tréi : mattrong, ben phdi: mat ngoai). 1. Mo xvong 1. Mo xumg (than d6t song) (trung tam 2. M6 sun it héa) (minh xumg 1 2. Cung a6t song 6t héa phy bén) (hua Ehép kin 8. Céc dia gian hoan toan) 6% song S39 3.Mo sun 2 (minh xuong c6t héa phy ben) 4. Ong cing 4 S¥ c6t héa cia xuong cing Su cOt héa cia xvong cing ‘mat true). Hay che § ring 5 aét (ong sau). s6ng cing vin tach rai nhau, 61. Trung tim oft hén chém xuung dui 2. Miu chuyén lon 3. Chém xuamg di 4. C6 xutomg di 5. Lai cw ngotit 6. Lai cu trong, 7. Khuyét ian i cd 8, Thin xuong dai Sy cbt hén cain xudng aibi (bin tral: mit oft ding ; bin phai: nhin to phia sau), Céc mai ten: minh tran va chi dui cita tré chi trén. Bén phil: chi dui Cée mi tén chi trung tm edt hén. 6, Xuang quay Xukmng chi @. Xuwmg mac 4 9, Khop ati 5. Xuomg try 10. Xusing Abi 1. Xudng try 6. Xuong mae 2, Xuimg quay 7, Xuong sén 8. Cae xusing, 8, Kucmg got 9, Ce xuomg, 4. Cae xg, a6t ban chan St ngén tay 10. Oée xuong Gt ngén chanit u Xvdng di eda ngudi trvng think. Ben trdi mang suomg va cée mach mau nvbi dudng vin cd duge gi gi, Ben phdi: mat edt ding ngang qua du tren va diiu dudi céa xuimg dai dé thily dyge phiin xusng xbp vit ing biy xating. Mat edt difng ngang qua ddu trén cua xuong dai nguii tring thanh, ghife +8 dike Aim eu tac cha 4 13 Ly 1, Vang chuy 2, Xuang xp 3. Ong tly xuong trong thin xalong 4. Xuimg dae Gg audi duong 6, Thin ning op cus cay eee 7, Dutng du xuong (di tich ea Id xumng xult phat ti trang tim eft hén phy) 8, Dau xuimg (chdm xuomg dni) 9, Hom chém xing di 10, Be xuomg xp LL. C6 xuong di 14, Mat khatp 15, Mang suomg 16. Da 17. Oo rong trong 18, Oo may 19, Bong m tinh m 20, Tinh mgch hién lan 21, Co thon 22, Ca khép da > lin 24, Co bin ming 25. Ca ban gi 26, Ca thing 4 27. Co rong ngobi 28. Xuung dui wi Ging tly xukmng, 29, Co rong gida 30, Than kinh ngdi 31. Co nj dau doi 2. Bd xuong xép chin tiiy xutmgt 38. Xuong age 34. La xutong he Haver 35. Mang xuang 36. Ci han kinh ea ming xuang va xucmg ¢ mgch mau, Hin dink ba chiéu ede dugng dan cia d&u xufong dui (theo B. Kummer)Binh chyp cong butng that nbim cis di (eft ngaoe tradi, emg mde vi Rink chyp cit lap bing may Hinh chyp cit lép bing may tink ngang qos Fi ah tréi. Cha f sy khde shaw gia hinh chp 0g ung ti vi hink chup eft 6p dng may tinh (xem dog eho gidi & dus ic xvemng ia bh xvong xben hai pain Khe nhau 1a nang asp vA tng Be, CACO sniong xBp rit thich ding v9i edc lve Cohoe Whedng tréng gida chcba mum x5p dye lip dy bi ty nang oct es Dees Hinh anhoia nasag,ed vam mém tit kbée nhau tren phim chup edt 6p bing miy tink s2 chup cong bytSng tif hat nhan. Hinh anh chyp eft lép ‘hg may tinh eng rit gifing vi hin Anh chep X- quan, @nhitng net dj hip tha tia cao mbula auong thi trém phim ed maby tebng, bm 6 nbimng ni ma Ab Ip the tia ft (vi iy mb 19) tHE tren phim eb mau den. Trai Iai, trong chup ong tung tithat nbs khOng ding tia X ma bing esong dd trtrdng, 6S sukhae bigt-d day lA nhang ving ob mét dim cla ng thi ob mais den, om mB mm (abu ty zs) va cht béo th of mung HET sinh @ hinh trén), Mang xuong dye thd Kinh chi ph rit nhidula mbt efutriethiGtySudé mobi dane meme dip méu, phat trign v8 sds chia mong 32 Cdt dang ngang qua déu trén xvfong Ciiu trie ctia xufang (theo Benninghot? chay nguBi truding thanb. Chi ¥ che ving ums Cho ¥ rang ede xvong die ob ef tric Lt trl 16 edt hte xuimg oD (dione chim wei ce Gng va ld Haver.So am - Khép g6i. Mat true, thy due syn chOm va day hing bit chéo (48 cit). Gan ea ti du Adi dB bj ft be, sxucmg bin cho dupe Lt len, Ce diing doe qua oé chan vi bin ehiin Cit dung ngang qua khép gi, Mat trudge cia khop 961 phai trong tu thi dubi — uu = Se. 15 17 is u € ts = Khép vai (nhin ti phia true). Phéin trude cia bao khelp 8 duige cit. be 1. Xuomg dai 9. Xwmg mie 18. Xuong 2. Day ching bit 10, Xuwmg ehiy 19. Xuong sn 3. Sun chém ngoai 11, Day chding ben chay 20. Day ching gian est 20m got 4. Xuong bank che 12. Sun khop 21, Xwong gho 5. Dy ching bilt chéo sau 13, Bao khap 22, Xuong cham trong 6, Diy ehding ditt chom sxe 14, Gan cla du dai ow nbj du cénh tay 23. Xuemg d6t ban chin th ml 7, Syn ehém trong 15, Chém xsang efinh tay 24, Dét gan ella ng ea 8, Dy ching bin méc 16. Vid 6 ehdio 25, Dét xa cia ngén chi 11 10 Syn khép cia chiio Xuung ving‘Ciu tao chung ciia khép hogt djch voi bai xuong khdp vdi nhau va 6 hoat. dich (bon phai, nhin ti phia trade). Cat ding ngang qua khdp gdi. Dutng mau dé = Bao khdp véi mang hogt dich. Buimg chim 46 = Bao khép hi dudi (tii ten banh cha) 1. Cée sateng khép voi nhaw: a-Xuong dai b-Xwamg chay 2, Puting du xutmg 3. Sun khép. 4. Day ching ndi khép (vi dy ede day ching bit hea) 5, Bia syn sgi (vi du sun chém) 6, Cac day ching ben 7. Bao khdp véi ming hogt dich 8. Khép chiy mie (vi dy cia khdp hoat dich tnapt) 9, Xuuing mic A. Cac khdp sgi 1. Khép khdu 2. Khép dinh si 3. Khdp ope Bat dong Bait dng: Bat dong Khdp khau ea 59 Khap chay mie xa Chan ring trong mém huyét ring Ban du xing Che dia gian dat sing khop mu C. Cie khdp _ hogt dich 1. Khdp truyt, Mot true | Khgp gian miong of tay Khop gian mang ef chin | Khop cing chgu 2. Khdp bin 1d Mottrye | Khop gian dt ngén chan, ngéa tay Khép ecink tay tra Khép sé cling chain Khdp gid dit doi va d6t tye (C1, C2 Khap quay try Khdp quay of tay WR Rd ee Khop true 4. Khop ellip 5. Khao vin ‘Mot truc Hai tryc ‘Hot true Céc logi khép chinh., Mai tin chi tryc vin dong. Cie khép si (khdp bit dong) 10. Khop khau ring 11, Khop din sq Cae khép hoat dich (khép dong) 12, Khép ban Ié (don trye} A. Dudi B.Gip 18. Khép yn (lung true) 1. Khdp tryc don trye, xoay) 18, Khop elu (da tryc)Khdp lA sy lién két chife nang gida hai hode nhieu xuong. Cac khdp co the duge chia fem hal log @ya vao Mae khép cia cfic xudng, duge ngin ech béi mot 6 thye sy (6 khdp) va 6 thé chuyén dong di lip nhau (khép hoat dich) hoe la cae xuong lién két cht ché vdi nbaubéi mo sgi hay md sun va bét dong (khép sgi, khép sun, khép dink ic khdp hoat dich e6 bao khép (véi mang hoat dich e6 mach may), cae sun khdp va 6 khép. Ching duge xp thanh nhém phy thuge vao mie dO chiéu chuyén dong. Khop bin 1d chi o¢ thé chuyén x trong mt mat phing trén mot truc (don truc), khdp ellip cu dong theo hai binh dién (udng true), khdép cfu chuyén dong theo nhidu truc (da true). Dudi day la mOt sf hinh minh hoa vé cdc loai khép nay. ™ 1. Rhép agi A. Khép khau a) Khop khiu ring cua === bo ae Khop khte fing dpe Kip khdu ring ow dd tach ‘b) Khép khaw trai 1. Xuung dinh 2. Xuong bum 3. Phéin trai xuong thai duomg ©) Khop kl (mai ten) phingao SRO ENE Khop quay try. Ben trai: chém xuong quay. Bén phai: khuyét quay clia xuong try. \ 5. Khép bin 1é nf (Néu xoay true nghiéng ‘ tir tir 06 thé tao ra mot chuyén dong xodn nhe.) \. Khép mit ef chan: , 2 = xuong méc, 3 = xuong sén 6. Khép yan 7. Khép phingFinh thoi (eo gan tay dai) Hai bung (es vai méng) Nhiéu bung (es thang bung) Nhiéu duoi (os Hinb long va kép Long va don Ca ring (ou chay truge) (eg ban mang) (ed ban gin) ee img 1, Dau dai 6. 2, Dau ngain in Achilles) 3. Co bung chan (déiu trong va ddu 8. i 9. Co thing dai 4: Gd dep 9. Ca thing 4 Xuong ban cha Béin dau (eo ta dau di) Hink nhdn (co that ngodi hau mén) 10. Cat rang tr 11. Gan trung 12, Dudng gan c 14. Duong gan cdNita trai chitu héng (nbin ti phia sau). Ca bjt trong. 1 vi dy v6 mbt oo mA gin of khing di theo hude ‘cic agi chins, Cae sgi cia eg nay bat dw tir mat trong cia 15 bit, vang quanh ba sau cla xuting ngbi rid bdo tin vio mi chuydn lan cia xutng 03. Nhu dy sug ngbi dong wai tro nhet mot cdi rong r9e 4, Ca bjt trong 5. Xung mu 6. Xuung dui 1, Xuiong ciinh chow 2, Méu chuyén lon 3, Xuang cut 1, Bao host dich gon eg itp ning vi su cde ngén tay 2, Bao hoat dich ngén gin ca giip. dai ngon cai 8. Bao hoat dich gan gitp chung cla eo giip néng xin tay vad cite Bao hogt dich cia ete gin Vi « re Co ehéo trén eta nhan cfu, mét bén phai (nhin ti phia trén). ea cet ny u6n cong qua rong ree, wl 6 d6i huting, do vay n6 bam thn & phiin t sau ngoai ea ohiin edu 1, Rong roe 2, Co thing trong 3, Co chéo tron 4, Vong gan chung han ody | Co thing tein 7. Ca thing ngoai 8, Gain oa thing trén 9. Co nang mi trén a eft) Cau tre cia bao gin. Mang hoat dich cing mage tri 1. Mae treo gin 2, Cae mach mau 8. Bao hoat dich gain duge biéu thj bing miu dé (ue 48). 4. Gan 5, Tai hogt dich 6, Kisomg (IdiNao, tiy séing va cae day than kinh sOng é thai nhi (mitt sau), 1, Lim dai no 2, Cée bén elu dai nto 8. Lau tid no 4. Tidu nto 5, Hanh nio 6. Tiy s6ng, phinh of 7. Hach gai 8. Tay s6ng, phinh tht lung 9, Non ty 10, Budi ngya 11, Baim ri of Idlge tgo think tit ede nghnb trie (bung) ea Cy-C) 12, Bam r6i edn tay (die tg0 than tee nginh trie ca Cy) 15, Bim réi that lung cing (duge tao thanb tif ede nginh trade cla La-Sp 14, Thin gino edm 10 13 Luge dé minh hoa ba thanh phan chin cia he thin kinh, Chic nang h¢ thén kinh cé thé duge chia thanh ba phn chuyén bigt: 1. Phdn hOp so gém cae eg quan edim gidc lén va nao, 2. Tuy sng c6 cau trie phan doan va hoat dong chi yéu nhu mot co quan phan xa, 3. Hé than kinh ty chi kiém sodt céc chife nding khdng theo ¥ mun ea cée-ed quan va cée mo. Phin thdn kinh ty cha tao ra rét nhiéu dam ri tinh vi trong cdc co quan. Tai nhiing vi tri nhitt dinh, edc dam rdi nay e6 vo sO nhang té bao than kinh tap trung (hach trude sdng va cdc hach ndi thanh). Cac day thn kinh sOng roi ty s6ng tai cdc khoding eéch déu dan, tao thanh tam thin kinh séng ¢6, mudi hai thin kinh s6ng ngyc, nam théin kink, séing that lung, nam than kinh séng cing va mét vai than kinh sOng cut. Cac nganh true cla bén day than kinh séng 06 dau tién (C,-C,) tao thanh dm r6i cé (chi phi phan trutée cia c6), eae ngdnh trude cita cae dy than kinh sOng cé théip hon (C,-T; ) tao thanh dam réi canh tay chi ph +ho chi trén va cdc nganh true cia cde day thin kinh s@ng tht lug va cung tao thanh dém réi that lung cing (L;-S,) chi phi cho chau hong, cae‘Thin kinh sOng va cée tit doan cia ty sing So 46 minh hog vj tri cia ba phdn chite ning cia hg thén kinh (no, tiy sing va hé thin kinh ty cha), Mau ving = hé giao cam. Mau dé = hé d6i giao cm, 1, Dai nfio 2. Tiéu nao 3, Diy sing 4, Hach va thin giao cdm 5. Dam réi va cdc hach cha h@ théin kink ty cho: 6, Hé than kinh ty chi 99 no 7. Cée thin kinh so (day THI va day VID) 8, Hach o6 tren 9. Day thn kinh lang thang (diy X) 10. He ty cha cing 12 Phan sau ctia long ngue. Cat ngang tai mucdogn ty nut 6. Cée day thin kinh sOng va sy ndi tiép cia chting voi thiin giao edim i Cilu tao cia tiiy song & che dogn tay nhw nhau, Tx mbi oan nay to nén mot ddi day thén kinh séng. A = Tip ndi v6i no; B = Tiép n6i véi he théin kinh ty‘chs; C= Tiép noi vi thitn ‘vit cfc chi (cde dim ri va ede thin kinh. gian sutm) (luge 46). 1 2, RG sau (ré lung) 3. R true (rd bung) 4.Thdn kinh gian sutn 5. Thin giao cam 6. Hach cia than giao cdim 7. Cac nhénh thong 8. Bong mach va tinh, mach gian suiin 19. Thén trai 9. Ca dudi sian 20. Thiin kinh sing 10. Than kinh tang bé 21, Chait xm eta tiy séing 11. Thén kinh tang lén 22. Chat tring eda ty song sing 12, Tinh mach chit dudi 13, Nganh sau cla day thn kinh sing 14, Hach gai (ré sau) 15, Than dot sng 16. Dong mach cha 17, Tinh mach don 18, Co hodnhCu tao dai ewdng hé tudn hoan Cae mach mau va than kinh nong cia chi dui, minh hoa sf khée nhau vé edu trie gida ede tinh mach va thin kink, 1. Mae cling chin 3, Cae tink mach ndng dui da 2. Céc thin kinh bi 4, Tinh mach xién Cai tgo he tudin hodn Ce moi ten chi hung di cia dong méu. ‘Thanh mach miu 4) = 4)ng mach ‘Thanh mach mu xanh = tinh mach Mau ving = cde mach bach huyét ‘A. Tun hodn he thdng (dai tudn hoan) B. Tun hodn cia cia gan ©. Tuiin hodn phéi (tid tuiin hoan) 1. Tinh mach phéi 2, Tinh mach cha tren 8. Ong ngve 4."Tinh mech chit dui 5. Tinh mach gan 6. Gan 7. Che hach va ee mach bach huyét 8, Phéi 9, Bong mach ph6i 10. Bong mach chi 1. Tim 12. Rudt non vA mang mao mach 13. Tinh mach ea 14, Bong mach mae treo trang 15. Dong mach thai duong néng, 16. Tinh mach thai dung nbng 17. Than kinh tai thai duong \ 18. Géc tinh mach xién @ md ma dusi da Cée than kinh vi mach mau néng. Ving thai dung. 19. Dong mach nhé Cha ¢ sy khée bigt gid ding mgch, tinh mach va thin kinh, 20, Cc thin kinh nhd (nhdnh cia thdn kinh mat) 20Cée mach Ién cia thin. Vj tri ciia tim duge chi bling dung gach dit quang. 1, Tinh mach eanh trong 2, Dong mach canh chung 3, Dong mgeh dit sing 4, Dong mach cht len 5, Dong mach cha xudng 6, Tinh mach chit dui 7. Dong mgeh than tang 8, Bong mgch mac treo trang trén 9, Tinh mach than 10, Dong mach chéu chung U1, Thanh quin 12. Kh quan 18. Dong mach dudi dn tréi 14. Tinh mach néch trai 15, Cée tinh mach phéi 10 Ca heaeh Cae dong mach Idn cia cd thé con ngudi (luge 43), 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. 28. 24, 25. 26. 22. 28. 29, 30. 31, 32. 33. . Thon Nig quin |. Dong mach mac treo trang dudi |. Tinh mach dai . Dong mach mat - Bing mach néch . Bing mach canh tay 5. Dong mach quay . Dong mach tra . Cung gan tay sau . Cung gan tay nong . Cie dong mach gan ngén tay chung |. Bong mach di situ . Dong mach dai . Ding mach kheo }. Déng mach chay trudeCau tric dgi cuong ciia hé bach huyét 19] EP hs Céc hach bach hu: edn’ trong, 22 ay eS a 1¥Gt C6 sfvu, ké lién voi tinh mach Hg thong bach huyét. Duong di lia cae mach bach huyét va hach bach huyét chinh cba og thé. Dung gach Aft quing la ranh gisi gida cae mach bach huyét 48 vé gée tinh mach phai va hing vé phia tri 1. Che hach bach 14, Dong mach chi xudng hhuyat dui im 15, Tinh mach cdnh trong 2. Cée haeh 6 sau 16, Tinh mach duit don 8. Thin enh phai 17. Tinh mach edb 4. Than duai don tay du trai 5. Than ph quin. 416, Kung him dui tyung that pha 19, Thanh quan 6, Ong ngve 20, Tinh mach cdnh trong 7.86 duong tritp 21. Cie hach 6 sau. 8, Than rugt 22, Dam r6i thin kinh o6 9, Than that Iuing phi 23, L4gp nong cla mac sau 20. Cée hach eheu trong 24, Gate hech chim 11, Géie hgeh ben 25, Cite hach mang tai 12, Cte haeh néieh 26. Cae hoch kheo 13. Than xusng Ce mach bach huySt bit ngubn ti cde Sng mot déu tit 4 teong cée khoang md (mao mach bach huyét) vi hep vei nhau tao thinh mhtng mach bach huyét 1dn hon. Céc mech ‘bach huyét cling giéng cfc tinh mach nhung thanh méng hon, nhidu van han va bj ngét quing bdi ede hach bach huyét nim @ nhiing khodng céich khie nhau. Cde nhém Ién hach bach huySt mim & e4e ving bpn va néch, & mge sau samy him dudi, eo tc don chOm va d trong rb mac treo rudt .Il. Dau 1. Thé chai 2. Vang didi A6i 3. Xoang tran 4. Manh ngang xuong sing (manh sing) 6. Tigu xoang shng 6. Xoain mai gia 7. Xolin moi dudi 8, Khdu cai cang 9, Lui 10. Nap than quin 11. Xuong ham dud 12. Co ham méng 13. Léu tiéu no 14, Khe eva 15. Céng nao 16. Tuyén yen 17, Nao that IV 18. Noang bum 19. Hanh nao 20. Ty hétu 21. Ludi g& 22, Mém rang dt trye (C2) 23. Co khit hau 24, Khéu hdu 25, Dai nd (bin edu phai) 26. Vom 0. 27. Tiéu no ‘Thidt dé dting doe qua déu va 6 eda nt 23 tudi (hinh anh chup cng hudng, tur hat nhdn, theo Tién s9 Bde s) A. Houck, Munich). Duong mau dé bi6u thi ran gidi gia 9 thin kinh va 69 tang tao non gée Be nén. Hop 89 chia nfo; so tang u gdm hée mat, hée moi va khoang Thiét a6 dving doc qua dau (lure a6), migng sip -xép Mn lugt trtrén xving dui,Cia tede téng quét etia so (nhin ti phia bén), Ce xudng Il chi béi ede miu khdenhau (cde x6 theo bing). 19 13 u Nhin ti phia bén, ese xudng so duige tach rai khéi ede khdp (xuong khiu cai, xvong 19, xvong sing vA xuong 14 mia khong thy dutge). a | 1, Khép khau vanh 2, Xwong tran 8, Xuiomg bum 4. Khép khéu budm-trén 5, Xuong sang 6. Xuong mit 7. Khép khéu moi-ham trén 8, Xuong lb 9, Khap khau 1é-ham trén 10. Khép Kha I8-s8ing LL, Xiong go ma 12, Gai mdi trude 13, Xwong ham trén 14, Xuong him dud 15. Li em 16. Y ahé chm 17. Butsng thai duong trén 18. Bung thai duong dui 19, Xuong dink 20, Xuomg théi duiong 21. Khép khdu trai 22, Khdp khau Lam-da 23, Hé thai dusng 24, Khdp khdu dinh-cham Xutong ehiim 26, Cung gd ma 27. Khép khdu chdm-cham 28, Ong tai ngoai 29, Mém cham 30. Phan ahi cia xuimg thai dung 31. Mom di edu xuomg ham duéi 12. Mdm vet saimg ham dudi haw duge 2. Xuong tran (da eam) tng dinh (xanh 16 ely nhgt) | OAS 3. Cénh lén xusg bus (46) cee Phan trai xuong chém (xanb da tris) | Y°™ 20, Phin trai xuemg thai dung (nau) |“? ~ 5. Xuong sang (xank thim) | wong budm (48) ‘ | Xue ‘Xwong théi duong trir phn trai (ndu)} nen 30, Phiin mhi eda xuong thai duong ‘ (nau sim) Xwong chim trif phin trai (xanh) 6. Xuidng moi (tréing) 8. Xuong Ie (vang) Xueong xodin dudi Cie Xuwmg 4 mia miicg 11, Katong go ma (ving ng) en | Xuong khéu edi | | 13. Xuong ham trén (tim) | 14, Xuamg ham audi (trding) L eng bi Cie Xutos 64 g trong phn 44 8 | ong Kung de | sung thai dmg = juong méng —Mat bén xiang so. 1 Xwong tran 2. Diém gian may 3, Ba trén 6 mat 4. Xwong dink 5. Xuiong thai dung (phiin trai 6, Mim go ma (oi khdp) 7. Mom chim 8. Phin nhi (dia nh) va Gng tai ngoai 9. Xuiong ehéim (phiin U chim ngoai 1, 16i edu xwong chiim 2. Xiang betdm (can 16n 13. Mao duéi thai dung xuong btn 14. Mom chin chin budm) 15. Xwong mai Xuong sing (p! VT. Xuomng le Xueng go md 9. Xuong ham trén (thin 20, Mém huyét ring va ring 21. Mém 22, Gai moi true 23, Xuung him dvéi (thin 24. Mam vot Mam 161 edu Che khgp khiw Khop khau van Khop kha Limm-da hau te hau trdin-budm hau buee 2, Diém gian may (tren ge moi 3, Ba trond mat 4, Khuyét trén 6 mat 6. Xuong di 7. Xwong thai duong 8, Xuong mai 6 mat 9. Xuong I¢ 10, Mao It sau 11, Xuong sing Xvong budm 12, Canh lén xuéong bum 13. Cémh nbd xuong buém 14. Khe 6 mat trén 15. Khe 6 mat du6i 16. Xuiong go mat ham trén 17, Mom train 18, LO dudi 6 mat © mai 22. Lb mai true 93. Xoin mii gitta Xo&n moi dudi 25, Véch moi, xugng 14 mia Xuong him dvéi 26. Than xumg ham duéi Nganh ham dui 28, LS chm 8 29. Phi ng va ring 30, Nén xuong ham dudi 31. Y nho cam in huygt ri Cc khép khitu 2. Khop khdu trén 28 33. Khdp khau vinh 34, Khdp khau tran-mai B30 35. Khép khdu gian mai 36. Khép khau mai 37, Khép khéu gd mé-ham trén 38. Khép khdu gian ham trén Mat trude cha so. 5 nén hop so bao vé cho nao (sq than kinh) va So la mOt khéi phite hgp gom nhiéuxuong lién két voi nhau whidué nhu’ 6 mdi va 6 migng é ving mat. So thén kink bao gbm nhiCu manh xuong rong phat trién trye tip ti ciel mo lién két bao quank (so mang). Cée xugng clanén 5? duge binh thanh tif mo sun (89 sun) 14i c6t hoa thit phat, Cac xtiong sp tang 6 e phat trién thinh mang, ¢ cae dong vated xwong s6ng bc cao hon da chuyén thanh cdc xvféng eta eg quan mhai va thinh gide (xuong ham trén, xvang ham ‘dudi, ce xuong con cla tai, xuong méng).1, Xitong trim 2. Khép khéu trén-mdi 3. Khép khitu tran-ham trén 4. Ba tron 6 mit Ong thi gide trong cainh nhé xuong busm 8. Khe 6 mat tren 9. Xutong Ie 10, Xwong bum (ednh Ién) 11. Khe 6 mat dudi 12, Khop khau moi 13. Lb dudi 6 mat 4, 15, Xwong 1a mia 16, Than xuong ham didi Xuong dink Xuidng thili dwong 19. Khdp khau budm-g ma 20, Xuiong sang 21, Xuteng gd ma Xuong mai Khép khdu go mé-ham tren ham trén afin moi gidta Xoain mii dudi 26. LS mai 27. LA chm 28. Nganh ham dudi 29. Nén sarang ham dudi 30. Y nhd elm rude Xuong Xuong tran (niu) Xuvmg dinh (xanh nhat Xing thai ducng ( izing, budim (43) Xuemg gd mé (vang) Xuung sing (xanh sdim Xuemg 1p wang) Xuung 14 mia (da cam Xuung ham trén (tim Xuung mai ¢trding) Xuong ham dudi (trdng) Mat trurdc ciia so (cée xumng riéng bidt duge phan bigt bing ma Loat hinh sau day dic stip xép sao che mau xuong so gidng nhu m6 hinh lap ghép tré nén dé hiéu. Dau tién » (xvong buém va xuong chéim), tiép theo la cée xueng Ihde duge thém vao dn, BS la cde xuomg cla nén xuong mat duge dung lén tit xudng sang réi xvong khdu edi va xuong ham tren duge gin vao hai bén, edSpret ee a ea 29 ‘Xuong budm va xudng chém (nhin tir phia trén), Xitong budm va xuong chim tidp khép voi dot doi va dot true (dot sing 6 ©, va C,) (nin tir phia bén trai) 28Xiong budm (mat true), Xiong buém (mat sau! Xuong chéim (nhin ti dubi len), Xvong bum 1, Cénh 16n 2, Cénh nhé 8, Mat nda (mt trén} eda céinh lon 4.18 tron 5. Mém yén trie 6. LB bau dye 7.18 gai 8, Lamg yén 9. Ong thj gide 10, Ranh giao thoa 11, H6 tuyén yén (yén buém) 12, Lai bugm 13. L5 md xoang bum 14, Mém yén sau 15. Ong chan buém 16. Minh ngoai mém chin buém 17. Khuyét chiin buém 18. Mée chéin bum 19. Mat 6 mit c canh Ién xvong bum 20. Mao buém 21. Mé buém 22. Minh tron, 23. Khe 6 mit chan budm 24. Gai budm 25. Mat thai dug ea can I6n xvsong budm 26, Mao dudi thai dung Xuong chim Dée cia phdn nén ve n nén) Ong than kinh ha thiét 29. Hé tidu ndo ig chides (nid 30. Y chim trong 31. HE dgi nao 82, CU tinh mach cénh 33, Ong Ibi 34, Mém tinh mach céinh 35. Lé 1én 36, Ranh xoang ngang 37, Ranh xoang doc trén 38, Phin tra 39. U chém ngodi cucing chéim 40, Duting gay tren 41, Dutng gdy dubi 42. H6 16i 43, Léi Ci héu Mao chéim ngoaiXuong buém, xuong chim va xudng thai defong trai (nbin ti tren xudng). Mat trong ea nén so. Xuong thai dung trdi khéng 06 trong hinh true. Xwong thai duong trai (mat trong 30 Xiidng budm 1. Cinh Ién 2. Canh nho 3, Lé tron 4. Lé bau dye 5. LB gai (tron bé 6. LB rach 7. Mém yen true 8. Hé tuyén yen (yen bum) i (bud) ing yen va mom yén sau 1. Ong thi giée 12. Mé buom 13, Manh trong mém 14. Manh ngoai mém ch 15. Méc chan bum 16, Mao dudi thai dusng 17. Thin budm chan bud an bud Xuong thai dvong 18. Phén trai 19. Ong dong mach canh 20. LB dng thén kinh mat day thin kinh 46 1én) 21, Léi cung Ranh xoang xich-ma 23. Lf cham 24, Ong tai trong: Mom gd ma 26. HE ham dudi 27. Khe dé nhi 28. Ong eo voi doan xuong cia voi tai) 29. Ong tai ngoai 30. Mém tram (chi edn di tfch) 81. Lé tram-chim 32. Tiéu éng cham 33. Hé tink mach einh 34. Mém cham 35. Khuyét chim Xuong thai duvong trai (nhin ti phia tren),36, Ranh cia mach mang nao gida 37. Bu dinh 38. Be budm 39, By chim 40, Ti€u 6ng 6¢ tai Céng tién dinh Dinh phéin dé Gasong thai duong) 43, Phan obi 44, Xn (hach) sinh ba 45. Ca: khép 46, Khuyét dink 47, Ramh xoang da trén Xuong chéim 48. Dée nén 49, Ci tink mach cdnh 50. Ong Idi 51,18 én 52, Phén dui ela xuong trai chiim (h6 tiéu nto) V ehfim trong Ranh xoang ngang Ranh xoang doc trén Mao chém trong Phd trén ctia xuog trai chiim (h6 dai nao) 58, Léi edu. 59, Dign gay 60. Bung gay tren 61. Y chém ngoai 62, Lé tink mach cdinh 63. Dutng gay dust 64, Ca hau Xiong buidm, xifong chim va xudng thai duong trai. Nén sp (mat ngoai). _ 65. Khép dinh syn budm-chiim 46 39 45 26 a 34 Xuong thai duong trai (mat ben!So tach rdi III (cde xudng sq) 272625 M6t phin ciia hop so tach rai (mat bén phai). Xuong trén va xuong him trén lién edt vai xumng thai dong qua xuong gd md (miu da cam), xumg bum (mau xan), xuomg Ikhdu edi (mau 46), xuong Ig (mau vang). Xwong trén 1. Ba mai 2. HE rong roe 3. H6 tuyén le 4. 13 sang trudge 5. Lé sang sau 6. Gai mai 7. Khuyét tron 6 mat 8. By trén 6 mat 9. Minh 6 mat 10. Mai xoang sang 1 Khuyét sang 12. Bo dinh 13. Ranh xoang doe trén 14. Phin trai xuong tran 15. Mao tran 16. Lb tit Xudng tran (mat dudi). Hom sang déng thoi 1a tran 17. Gai mii cba xoang sing cia xuung sang. 18, Mém gd mé cia xumg train 19. U nio 20. Xwong ham trén 21, Mam tran aa xwung ham trén Xutong 1g (mau vang) 23, Xwong gd ma (mau da cam) LB gd mé-mat Xuong thai dvong 25. Phan trai cia xudtng thai duong, 8. Ong tai ngoai Mém chim 28, Mém tram 29. H6 ham dui 30, Ci: khop 31. Mém gd mé Xwong chim atiod tran Smal Se 32, Phan trai cia xuung ché 32Vom sq (mat trén Xudng dinh tréi (mat ngot). Xulng tran Khép khdu vanh Khdp khau doe gia Xugag dink Buting thai duong tron Lé dink U dink Ba doc gitta By chém 10. Ba tran 11. Bs trai aa ‘Vom so (mat sau). Xuong dink trai (mat trong) 2. 13. 14. 16 16. 11 18, 19, Gée bum Ranh dong mach mang nao Khép khau Lam-da Xiong chém U chdm ngoai Budng gy didi Khép khau chdm-cham Xuong thai dvong Mém chim huyét cham Vom so 33aerate ijt trong nén so. Vom 59 & 1. Mao tran 218 ti 3. Mao ga 4, Minh sing cia xung sing Cénh nb xuong buém Kho 6 mt trin Lé tron (to) 8. Ranh dong mach cinh 9. HO ao gia 10.18 bu due LL, 16 gai 1 tron be 34 dupe eva b3 (mat trong). 12, Dée nén 18. Rinh xoang dé trdn 14. 16 tinh mach ein 5, Ranh xoang xich-ma 16, Mao chi 7. Ranh xoang ngang 18. Y chm trong 19, An diém chi (én cia cae hoi nao) 0. HE go trude 1. Ranh giao thoa 2. Mém yen true 25. Ong thi gide 24, ¥en buidm (hd taydn yon: 5. Mém yen sau 28. Ranh th 29. Ong tai trong 30. Ong thin kink ha thigt 81. LB In 82. HE ep sau 3. Loi xpén se (mit trong, nhin nghiéng tiy bes Nén sq (mat trong nhin tu trén). Cée riéng biét Ong, khe va 15 cia nén so 1. Khe 6 mat trén 2, Lb tron (to) 3. Ong thi gise 4. Lb bu due Ld gai (tron be . ach enh ‘de xvong 9. Xuma trim (da cam ing (xanh dm) h (wang-canh) chm (xanh) Chi 15, Mo gh 16, Minh sing 17. Difa hii no Gneomee 18, Cah nhé t clin ee xuemng 21, Mém yen inate h sinh ba sxuong thai dating 3k xich-ma uting bidm, rah mach mang nao Lee ataOTE ane Me ea en a Cit ding doe gidta sg, nifa bén phai (mat trong) HG tuy€n yen (yen bum) Mom yén trade Xvong tran Tidu xoang sing Xoang buém Xoain mai Xoain mai gia 8.15 xoang him trén 9. Xoain mui duéi 10, Ngich mai dus: 11. Gai moi truge va xuong ham trén 12, Gai chm hay c& 13. Ranh dng mgch mang ndo gidta 36 % 5 Lung yén 15, Ong tai trong 16, Ranh xoang xich 11. Ong thin kinh he thigt ‘edu xvong chim isi cdu 19. Mém Minh ngoai 21, Manh trong xaung ham duéi him dvéi Ranh ham méng cia mém chan buém Duong ham mong He dudi ham1, Xoang tran 2, Xugng tran 3, Mao ga 4. Xutong mii 5. Xoang bugm 6, Xoain mii trén cia xvong sing 7, Xoan mii gita eda xuiong sing 8. Mém trin eda xuong ham trén 9, Bot sing 10, Mém mée 11, Ld xoang him trén 12, Xitong khitw edi 13. Ld khéu edi lon 14, Mém huyét ring xvong him trén 15, Rang eta gidda 16, Xvong gd ma 17. Xuung sang 18. Xuong 16 19. Hé ehan budm Khdu cdi 20. Xoang ham trén 21, Manh ngoai eda Phan mat cia so (sg tang) duge chia thanh hai nita (mat ngoai va mit trong), Xuong xoan dudi ben phai di duge léy di 46 théy rO 18 xoang him trén, X ham bén tréi duge md ra. mém chan buém 22. Manh ti mom ehdn buém 23, Rang him 1én thi ba 24, Mée chin buém 25, Hai ring ham bé Ciic xuong (phan bidt bang mau): 1, Xuong train (vang) 2. Xuang mai (trdng) 3. Xuumg sang (xanh dam) 4. Xuomg 1g (ang) Xoan moi didi (hong) 6. Xuong khdu cai (trang) 7. Xuong ham trén (tim) 8. Xuong him duéi (tréng) 9. Xuong dinh (xanh nhat) 10, Xuiong thai dung (nau) 11, Xuong butim (46) 12, Phin d4 xuong thai duong (ndu) nén gitia hai mat phiing nay. 18: Nuong chica Goan!) 14, Cénh eda xuong 16 mia (nu mhat) ‘Thiét A6 dutng doc gidta qua s9. Vich mai da duge dé di. Cae xuong duiye to mau khée nhau. Nhs tur thé ding thiing ma con ngudi e6 duge trong qué trinh tién héa, kich thude hop sp da tang Ién nhiéu trong khi dé kich thude cde xuong mat gidm di, Két qua lad nén 69 hinh thanh m@t géc khoaing 120° gia déc nén xudng chm va ménh sang. HG tuyén yén nam trong géc dugc taoXuong sing 1. Mao ga 2, Minh sang 3. TiGu xoang sing 4. Xofin mai giita 5. Minh thing ding xvong (phan veh mai) 6. Minh 6 mit ng. Xuong bum 7. Gainh nhé 8. Cah Ién 9. Mém yén trade 10. Mém yén sau 11. Ld bau due 12, LB gai 18. Ludi budm 14, Doe né 15, Ong thi gide 16. Ci yen, 7. 1B trdn (to) (bém phiii) HG tuyén yen (yen budm) Lung yen 0. Ranh déng mach edmh 21. Khép sun budm-chdém 22. Minh ngoai chan bugm 23. Canh lon xgong buém (mat 6 mat) 24. Canh lon xuomg butdm (mt him trén) 25. Ld tron (to) (bén trai) 26, Khe 6 mét tron 27. Mao dui thai dvong eta Mot phiin ca nén so da tach rdi, Xusng sing, cénh Ién xuong buém sasong buém va xwong chm (nbin tf trén). Mau xanh « xuong budmy; mau vang = xuong sang. Xuong sang (mat trude) ing (mit ngoti), phin sau eda mat phi, Xueng,awng cham 8. Cii tinh mach © Mém tinh mg Bis chim H6 s9 sau Bu Lam-da Mom trong khuyét tinh mach cdnh 34. Ong 16i cau 35. Phin bén xusng chim 36. Ong thin kinh ha thiét 37. LB lon 38. Mao chtim trong 99. Phin trai xueng chm 40. Y chm trong 19 Xuong ham trén Mat 6 mat Ranh duéi 6 mat Y ham trén voi cde 18 nb Mém tran Ranh mii ld By dudi 6 mat 4 ia 47. Gai mai trude 48, Mam gd mé 49. Mom huyét rang Xuong khiu edi 50, Mém 6 mit 51, Khuyét budm khéu efi 52, Mém busim Tach rvi cae khép cia nén so (mat trie). Mau xo suong bum; mau 53. wing = xuong sin; Ménh thing ding mau 43 = xuong khdu edi 54, Mainh ngang Mém thép Xefong ham trén phai, xudng sng va xueng Xuong sing (nhin chéo trude) (luge dd). Bid cai (mat ben).Xuong khau cai Xiang sng 1. Mao ga 2. Manh 6 mat 3. Xoain mui giga Xueng khdu céi Manh ngang xuong khéu c 5. Ong kha edi Ién Mém ham tren 8. Mom 6 m 9. Khuyét budm khdlu edi 10. Manh thing ding xuong khéu céi 11. Mao xoin. 2, Mi 13, Mom buom Xuong buém anh Ion 15. Khe 6 mat tren Dénh In (mat 8 mit) "anh nhé MOt phiin nén so théo réi, tuong ty nhueéc hinh trudc, nhung cing voi ang oben xing khéu ei. Mau xanh lye = xvong bum; mau ving = xuong sing; 18, Phan trai xuong chém mau dé = xuong khdu cdi Xuong ham trén Ci ham trén ‘Mom tran 1. Mat 6 mat 2, BY dudi 6 mét 3, Ranh duéi 6 mit 4, Mém ge ma ‘Mom huye rang Xuong khau cai tra at tr 19} Xuong him trén phai vA xudng khdu edi pha eri (mat trade16 Mot phiin so tach roi. Xuong ham tré gin them vao tiéu ban trube. Xitong ham trén trai (mat ngoai). Que thong ‘ong ham trén Xugng chéim 1. Phan trai xuong chim Xuong buém 3, Khe 6 Cénh nhé 5, Cénh lon (mat 6 mai 6. Manh chdin buén 7. Minh chan buém trong Xuong sing 8. Mao ga 9. Tiéu xoang sing 10. Manh thang dimng. 11. Manh 6 mat Xuong khiu edi 2. Minh ngang (mao mai Xuong him trén 18, Mém trin 14, Khe 6 mit du h dui 6 mat Mat 6 mit 1 dudi 6 mat 18, Mém gd 19. Mao Ie trude 20, Hé nanh Mém huyt g vi che ring 23, Ach Xuong hamXuong chim 1, Ranh xoang doc trén 2. U chim trong 8. Ranh xoang ngang 4, Mao cham trong Xuong buém Cnh lon mat thai duang) 6. Manh chin bu 7. Lag yen 8. Canh nb 9. Khe 6 mét tre 10, Canh 1én (mat 6 mit) Xuong sing 11. Céc tiéu xoang sting 12, Mao ga 13, Mainh é mitt Xuong ham t 14, Mém trin Khe 6 mat dui 16, Mém huyét rang véi ede rang 17, Mém khdu cai 18, Gai mii trade 21 19, Ranh dudi 6 mat 20, Mém gd msi 21. Vj tei 1b dudi 6 mat 22, Ngich moi gita 28. Ngich mii dudi 24, LB xoang ham trén (thong vao xoang ham trén) 25, Rang o6i thi 3 (rang ham lén the 3) 26. Ranh | Mao xoan Thin xuang ham trén (mat mail Mot phiin nén so tach roi. Sy ghép néi cla cée xvong mat (xuing budm (mau xanh), xuong sing (mau vang), sutsng khéu céi (mau d)) nhin tir phia trude ben 2 29, Mao mai 30, Ong rang ova Xuang khiu edt 31. Mém 6 mat 82. Khuyét bugim khéu edi 33. Mom bum 34, Manh thang ding 35. Mao xoan 36, Manh ngan 37, Mém thép Xuong tein 38, Phan trai 39, Lé tran 6 40, Khuyét tran 41. Gai tran Xuong xoan mui dudi 42, Xodm mii dudi cing vi mdm ham trén Xuiong ham trén va xvong khdu céi bén tréi (mat trong 42Mét phén ciia s9 tach réi, chi ro sy liém quan cia xuong khdu cdi (mau dd) va ede xuong him trén véi xuong sing (mau ving) va xuang budm (mau xanh nhgt) (mit true. Xuong trén 1. Phin trai 2. Dutng théi duong dudi 3, Mae thai duong 4 5. Mom gd m Ld trén 6 mit Xwong chim 6, Phin trai Xitong buém 7. Cémh lon (mat thai dvong) 8, Ong thi gide trong eénh nhd 9, Minh chan budm ngoai 44 Xuong khi 10, Mém 6 mat 11. Manh thing ding [ao xoan ca 18, Mao mai 14, Manh ngang Xuvng sing 15, Manh 6 mit 16, Tiéu xoang sing 17. Xoin mai giva 18, Manh thing ding (phn vach mai xuong) 19. 20 1 23 Xuong ham trén Ranh dui 6 mit LB dudi 6 mat Mém gd ma Mém huyét ring v6i ede ring Mém Khéu cai Xuong xolin mili du6i trai Phan truide cia xuong xoain moi duiXuong go ma va khiu cai xudng Mat trude ea so téch rdi, chi rd sy lids quan & xuong ham trén véi xuong trén vA xwng gd mé. Mau ving = xuing'sang; mau dé = sxuong khéue: sung bvdm. = ee en, Khéiu edi xuong vi cde rang ham trén (nhin ti uy6i 10n). Xuomg tran 1, Phin trai 2. Khuyét tran 3. Lb trén 6 mit 4. Ba trim 5. Mom go 6. Gai tran Xuong budm Cénth Ion (mat 6 mnét) 9. Ong chin but hay Sng Vidian 10, Minh chan buém ngoai 11. Minh chin but trong Xwong sing 12. Manh 6 mit 3. Cée tiéu xoang sing 14, Xoan mai gita Xwong Khdu ei 15, Manh ngang 58, Mao mai 16, Mém thap 17. LS Wea ei 18, 1 kf edi lén Xiong gd ma 19, Mém tran 20, Mat 6 2 Xutong ham tron 21, HG nanh 24, Mim gb x 25. Mom huytt rang wi eéc rang 26. Ach 6 ring 7. UB dati 6 mbt 28, Ranh 29, 1d mai trude Xuong rang cita 31. Ring ei gia va xumng rang cia hay tin ham trén 32. HO ring cia Xung 1a nh mame 16 mia Gée khép khau va 15 mai sau 34, Khop khiu khGu ci gita 85. Khdp khiu khifu edi ngang Mat tru@e cia cd hai xvong him trén, tgo thanha 26 22. 27 28 2122 2324 95 ‘Thiét dé ding doc qua so 6 canh dudng gida, ben phai (nhin tir phia ben) ham trén duge md ra. Hinh minh hoa cdc Ong va céc 16 lien quan voi 6 mat phai va hé chan bubm khéu edi (so sinh véi hink trén). Cénh Ién xuong budm (mau xanh) duge bige thi nh la trong sust, Mau néu = xdong thai duong; mau vang = xuong sang; mau 4@ = xuong l@; mau dé nhat = xuog xin mdi dudi; mau tim = xuong ham trén; mau da cam = xyong khdu cét 46 Xoang trén va xoang 1. Xueong ch 2. Xuong thai dmg (phan 4) 3. Ong tai trong 4. Ong ding mach canh 5. Ong than kinh ha thigt 6. Lai edu chém 7. Minh ngoai mém chan bust &. Lag yén bud 9. Yen bum 10, Xoang tran 11 Ong thi gike 12, 18 sang trude vi I shng sau 13, Minh 6 mit ela xamg sing 14, Xuomg moi 15, Ong Mim mée (oan mai dui (mim his trim) 18. Xoang him trés, 19, Gai mai trade 20, Mém huy$t rang ung han LS tron Hé chin budm khiu edi Ci mong ham trén véi 1S huyet rang LB butém kh LB xoang ham tren ‘Ong chan buom ‘Sng Vidian P 27. Ong kei 2s. Ong khiu edi 16n 29, Ong duai & mit 4 nhsXuong mai wa xuong 16 1. Xutongs chim 2, Xieang that dons 3. Xwong tran 4, Gai mbi cia avn 5. Xuang go mi 6, Xetdng ham trén Mim tran cia xing ham 8. Xuong sang 9M Minh thing ding eda sun TL. Vj tri cia xuong 1 12. Ranh 19 eda wong 18. Mio Ié sau 8. LA xuemng moi 19, Gai mbi trate eda xuong him trén 0. Xuiing Ia mia i lin asin bud Ong thi sie Khe 6 mt duti 8. Ranh dui 6 mat LB dui 6 mit 23. Phiin truéc cia so téch ri. Mau da cam = xuong gd md; mau ving = xuong sng; mau xanh = xuong buom. Mai tén chi vi tri xuong 1g (11) va mg ) Xiong 1é trai (mat trude t truse) 6 mat trai (mat trade).Cac xuiong cua héc mai 1, Xoang tran 2, Tiéu xoang 3, Xoang budim ng, Xosin mai trén Xoan mai Ld xoang ham trén Xosn mai dusi wong khiu edi 6 9. Xueng him trén 10, Ngéich mai di 11. Mim khé cai cia Thank ngoai cia he mii. Thiét 4 dang doc qua gitts Xuong xoain mii duéi va xwong li mia 1, Mém sang 2. Phin true cia xuong xosin 3, Ba dudi 4, Canh xuong la mia 5, By sau véch mii 6. Mém Ie 7. Phan sau cia xuong x 8, Mém h mm tebe ‘Xiiong xodin mai duéi phai (mat trong). Phin true aban tedi Xiong xodn mii du6i phai (mat ben). Pb & bén pha. in trade Xuong la mia 48Vach mai va céc sun cia mii 1. Mao & 2, Minh sing cia xuomg sing 3, Manh thing ding cia xung sang 4. Xuong 1d mia 5. Canh xuong 14 mia 6, Xuong khdu e&i (mém thang ding) 7. Xuoog khdu e4i (minh ngang) 8. Xuong him dudi 9. Xuomg mai 10. Xoang budm 11. H6 tuyén yen (yén buém) 12, Cac rénh dong mach mang nfo gida Cae sun cia mai 13, Cée syn moi bén 14, Syn ednh mai Ién 15, C4e syn ednh moi nh 16, Sun véch mai 17. Vi tri eta xumg mai Mau xanh da tedi = Xuong chdm Mau xanh Id cay nhat. = Xuong dink ‘Mau nau nhat = Xuong trén ‘Mau nau d4m = Xuong théi dong Mau 43 = Xuomg busm Mau xanh Id cay dam = Xuong sang Miu xanh da tréi nhat = Xuong moi Mau héng = Xoan mai dudi Mau da cam = Xumg 14 mia Mau tim = Xumg ham trén Mau tring = Xuong khdu edi Mau tréng = Xuong hm didi Cée sun etia mai, So 46 cia mdi ngoai. duge vién bai ednh mii 49Nén so (nhin tir phin dudi). duige t8 mau khée nhau. So cia tré so ah (mat dardi), Sac xwong khée nhau B. Lé bau dye C. Dong mach cénh trong 6 trong éng dong mach eamh va tinh mech céinh trong & trong phan tinh mach cia 15 tinh mach cénh D.L8 tram ehdim (théin kinh mat} E. Lé tinh mgeh cénh (thin kinh thi¢t hdu, thén kinh lang thang va thin kinh phy) F. Ong than kinh hg thiét (thin kinh ha thiét 1, Ong rang eit 2. Khdp khdu khéu edi gia 3, Mém khéu edi cla xuong him tron Khép khdu khéw edi him trén 8, Céc Id hi edi Ién va nbd 6, Khe 5 mit duti 7, Xodn mi gia (mam xodla cia xudng sng) wang 14 mia iu dye 10, Ranh voi tai 11. Ong chan bute 12, Mom tram 13, Ong dong mach einh 14. LA tram chim 15, L6 tinh mach eiinh 16, Ranh dong mach chim LT. Li edu chitm 18, Ong Idi edu 19, Dign gay 20, U chim ngo 21, Cung 22, Mah chin bvdm ngodi 23. Manh chan budm trong 24, HS him dusi 25, Ci hu 26, Duting gy tron Mom chi Duong gy duvti Khuyét cham 30. Lé lon 81. Xuong rang cifa hay xuong jén him trén (mau tim dam) 32, Xung him trén (mau tim) 8. Xuong khéu edi (mau tring) 4, Xucing ld mia (mau da eam) ‘wong buidm (miu 45) 6, Xuomg gd mii (mau ving) 7. Xuemg thd dusmg (miu nau) 38, Xwong chitin (edu xanh da trdi) 99. Mém khéu edi ela susag has tron 40, Xuong 14 min 41. Xweong busm 42. Phin dd ela sung thai duong 43. Phin nén 44. Phin bon Jn ae hm 45. Phin trai 47. Cung 43, 14 moi sau 49. Mm chin budm eda xuong budm 1. Ong tai ngoai (vong nh ‘Thop butt 53. Kwong din 54, Thép chim{tri thong thuéing tit phia ban). cde rang. Vi tri ie rang khi cén (nhin Rang si LR 4B 6. R 5, Rang g eta 2. Rang eita 3. Rang nanh [i Rang thi I hay hai miu 5. Cae rang ham bé (tin edi) 6, Rang ham Ign (obi) thit I 7. Rang ham |én (¢6i) thit I 8. Rang ham Ién (cdi) thit IIT 9. Ci khap 10, Hé ham dudi 11, Chom ham duoi 12, Mém Iéi cdu ham bé 1 ham bé I Rang thé phat ring vinh vi eta gi eva ban anh ham bé I ham bé I ham 16 him Io Rang nguyén phét| Him trén wa Ichi sinh 66 thing 10.8 Nan va thang [Ne wt 10/1 Wi 66 1 Bing cde rang. SY moc ring rang vinh vign (theo C, Rose va A. Kroncke) Him dui Nim va thing Nam e10 TAL 12 13 120 88 thang 1013 10/8 WT 63 19Su phat trién cia ranSo clia tré so sinh Xuong 50 1. U tran 2. din 3. U chfi Phan trai xu 5. Cénh lon xumg ng thai dome bum Xwong mit 6. Nuong him trén ham dudi Cée khép khau va thép 10. Khdp khau tran 11. Khgp khau vanh 12. Khdp khau doc-gitta 13. Khép khau L 14. Thép truse 15. Thop sau 16. Thép budm 17. Thép cham So ciia tré se sinh (mat trie) Nén 50 18, Xuong trin 19. Xuong sang 20. Xuomg buém 21. HE tuyé Xuang thai duong 24. Thop cham 25. Xuang chim G wé so sinh, khée véi ede xuong so, ede xuong mat tuong 46i nhé. Khéng c6 rang. ngain céch nhau béi ede thép rong. ic xuong so So ciia tré so sinh (mat tren). Vom ay So etia tré so sink (mat ben! Nén so cia tré so sinh (mat trong)Mit ben cia kh6i xuong mit. H Ham tré va dudi khit Iai n dui va cf g trong tu th 26 2a Xuong him dudi cia nguvi lin (mat trude), Nita phai xuong him dudi (mat trong thai dong i dating (edn én eda saiing butim hi dung, Xufong train gg mi (mdm tran) 8, Xutang 18 10, 11. Xuong hitm trén (ho n: 12. Mém huyét ring cba xusng bit Xwong him dudi Mém 16i cu Khuyét ham dui Ni Cu (eo) efin $e him dud Than xusng ham dudi Mam ¥¢ Mém huyét ring va ring Butng chéo Li chm U nho cm thom hi Cai elim hay g U6 ham d 0 Ong ham dui Lisi him Ranh ham-mong,RCP SA Cuong ak aun 1, Cung gd ma 2, Bao khép 3. Ong tai ngoai 4. Day ching ngoai 5. Khuyét ham dug 6, Day ching tram him du 7, Nginh bam duéi 8, Xuong gb mé 9, Mém vet 10, Xuong ham trén 11. Syn khdp ea mbm 16i edu 12, Mém trim 1. H6 ham duti 14, Dia khép 15. Cli khap 16. Co chiin budm ngoai 17. Mdm 16i clu xvong him du Khép théi duong him dudi (thivt db dig doe) 1, Rin xoang xieh-ma 2. Thin kinh him dvi 3, Co chin butt ngoai 4. Mom tram 5. Dy ching buém him dui 6. Day chiing tram ham dué 7. Ranh ham méng 8. Cie tidu xoang sing 9. Bot sing 10, LS bain nguyét 11. Navich (dung) mai git 12, Xodin mai duéi 13, Thém moi 14, Tién din mai va long 15. Ngéeh (dung) moi didi 16, Khu edi cing 17. Khifu cdi mém ndinh miing, 19. Mei dudi 20. Xuwong him duet Day ching cia khép thai dugng him dui, Nia trai cia ddu (mat trong), 56‘Thiét d6 ding ngang qua du qua khdp thai duong-h; (ben phai, mat trudc). Thiét d6 diving ngang qua 6 migng. ns am dudi 1. Thay dio va thay thai duwmg 2. Ca thai dung 3. Dia khép eda khap that dvong-ham duéi 4. Dong mech him trén va dém 16i tink mach chan butm 5. Tuyén mang tai 6. Xuong ham duiéi 7. Co chitn buém trong 8. Cocdn 9. Tuyén dui ham dud 10. Tusén gidp 11, Cade dom cham 12, Hei hai ma 13. Ding mach cin trong va xuting bum 14, Hanh nhan hau 15, Hau 16. Syn gidp 17. Khe thanh mon 18. Syn ahiin 19. Khu e&i eting va cée tuyén khdu efi 20. 6 migng 21. Rang ham Ion (rang oi) tren 22, Tién dinh mi¢ng 23, Rang ham lon (rang of) dwoi 24. Ca bm da of 25, Xoang ham trén 26, Ca doe trén cia hua Co mgang Iwai 28, Ca th6i kén 29, Co dge dug ela hadi 30. Tuyén dui lua 31. Co chm Iwo 32, Mém cham 33. 34, Day ching tram-him dusi 35. Bao Khép 36. Day ching ngoat 37. Cung gd ma 38, Day ching buém-ham avai 39, LS ham dusi Cée day ching lién quan téi Khép thai duong-ham dudi 87en ee SL: CRORE RAE OUCl Co thai dung va ed edn. Mac: duong di duye cit bé, khép | duong- ham dudi duge edt ra lan ceung gb mi 1.8 tren 59 2. Ce thai dong 3, Bung chim ciia eo ehiim-trét 4, Khép théi dvong-him aus Ong tai ngoai 6. Lép stu cia eo efin 7. Lép néng eda ed edn 8. Co tram méng 9, Bung sau eg hai bung (nbj thin) 10. Tinh va dong mach edinh ngoai 11. Co tie don cham 12. Byng tran eta co chim train 18. Co ha may 11. Co ving mat 15. Phin ngang cha e¢ mai 16. Co nang moi trén va ednh n 17. Co nang moi trén 18, Co nang g6e migng 19. Co go mé Ién 20. Co vong migng 21, Co théi kén (co mut) 22. Ca he moi dudi 3. Co ha gée miing 24. Tuyén duéi ham dwéi 25. Sun mai ngoai 26, Sun cénh moi Ion (phéin ng 27. Sun eénh mai bé 28. Sun cénh mai Ion (phd tron 29, Than kinh duéi 6 mat 30. Bung trude er hai bang h cimh trong (nj than) 31, Than kinh ha thigt val eg méng - Ludi 82. Dong mach gidp tren 83. Cung go ma 34, Dong mach cinh trong 35. Dong mach cinh chung, Co thdi duong va khop thé duong - ham dvi. Cung gd mé va « cn di due edt ba mgt phin ae thay ro chd bam tn cia e¢ thai duong1. Mang xumg 2. C6 thai dong 3. Cung gd ma 4. Bao khép ola Kop thai dumg-ham dust 5. Cg chin buém ngodi (dau tren va dau dudi) 6. Cs chan buém trong 7. Co trdim-uBi 8. Ca trim méng, 9. Bung sau es hai bung (ahi than) 10. Co edn (bi eft) 11, Xuong ham dudi 12, Ca de don chom 13, Ca vong mit 14, Co vong migng 15, Co théi ken 16, Ca hg géc ming 17, Cohg mai dui 18, Co bam da c6 19. Dia khép eiia kkhop thai duang-ham duéi 20. Chém ham dusi 21. Bung truse eo hai byng (ahj than) 15. 22, Co ham mong 23. Xuong ming Co chin buiém trong va ed chin buiém ngoai. Cat bo mot phdn xwng ham dudi va ‘cung gd mé dé thy duge ving chan budm hay hé dui thai duang, khdp thai duong-ham dui (mai ten 591. Bung tran cia e¢ chéim te 2. Cd cau my 3. Phiin mi mit ela ca vong x 4a, Phin ngang eda eo mai 4b. Phin cénh cia e¢ mali 5. Co ning méi trén va céinh 6. Co nfing moi trén 7. Co gd ma Ién 8. Co ning g6c mi¢ng 9. Ong tuyén mang tak 10. Co vong migng Co edn 12. Co ha gée migng 13. Co elim 14. Co he @dn chim 15. C6 cao (eo thaip) 16, Co ha may 17, Phén 6 mat cia e@ vong r 18. Co gb ma nhé 19. Co théi ken 20, Ca euti 21, Cu ha méi duéi 22. Cd bm da ob Can trén so 24, C¢ thai dugng dinh 25, Bung chém ca eg chéim tet 26, Tuyén mang tai va mae tuyén, 27, Mae thai duomg 28, Ca vong mat Ong tuyén mang tai, eo cain Cic co mikt (luge a6), Ban trai l6p mong; bén phdi: lép adv, 18 ty nhien etia dau. Ching duge sip xép theo hinl tia, hogt dong nh nhing e¢ 46i khéing cia ching 60Co bém da 6 (nhin chéch tit phi 1d nong et 06 dA duge Ify ba 61VEC OC UR MONE VE GUL MONE: ry 10} u Fel 20 13 Che e¢ trén mong vi dui méng, hu I (nhin tr pha ben). Nganh ham dui, cfc ev chan bum va hb bam ein eg thai dvong dt duge c&t b. 1. Can tee 2, Mac thai duang 3, Gain eo thai dium, 4. Cung gd ma 5, Maah ngoai mbm chan budm 6. Ca cing min khiu edi (mbm tram) 7. Oa khit blu trén 8. Co tram luo 9, Bung naw oa hai bung Cnhj than) 10. Co trim-méng 11. Go dai du 12. Ce we don cham (4a 14¢ Ion) 18. Go Knit has dd 14, Bung tein oo chim ten 15, Phin 6 mat eda ev vong mat 16. Co théi ken (ea mut) bia gée migng Cg him mong 19. Bung trude ca had bung (nh than) 20. Co gidp mong. 21. Co the méng, C8 vai méng Cée o0 tron mong va dutsi mong (so 46), 621. Ong tai ngoai 2. Co cing man khiu c4i (hau) 3. Mom tram 4, Co khit hu trén 5. Co trim-hau (cht 403) 6. Co khit hau giita 7.Co ue don chim 8. Sing lon xuong mong 9. Co dai déiu 10. Co khit hau duéi LL. Mae thai dong, 12. Gan eg thai dong Ca vong mat Cung gd ma Manb ngodi mém ehan bujm Ong tuyén mang tai Li ham trén (khong e6 rang), eo théi kin (edt 461) Dity ching (duing dan) chan bugm ham Co mong lus Ca ham méng Bung trude eg hai byng (nbj than) Ga uc méng va co gidp mong Ca vai mong64 ed chin bum va khdu edi (nahin tir phia sau 1. Co thai duong 2. Xoang buém 3. Ty hau 4. Co cin 5. Co doe trén, eo ngang va oo thing dting cia lui 6. Co mong lui 7. Ca chm Iwai 8, Thé chai (nhan audi) 9. Thén kinh thi gide 10. Xoang hang 11, Cung ge ma 12, Mat edt cia eg chan bum rngoai va dng mach ham tré 13, Mat cét eda co chén budm tr 14. Khu edi mém 15. Xuong hm dus va thin kinh huygt rang dubi 16. Vach hi 17. Co ham méng 18. Tuyéin dui ham dudi 19. Ca bm da ob 20. Ed Idn (atong chm), dong mach dét s6ng va toy sng 21. Bong mgch edn trong 22. Chém ham duiéi 23. Mom tram 24. Than kinh huyet ring dubi 25. Thén kinh lui va thin kinh thing nhi 26. Co chan buiém trong 27, Ludi ga 28, Bung true oo hai bung (ahi than) (mat eft) 29. Li edu xg chm 30. Mém cham 31. Co chan buiém ngoai 82. Voi tai va eg nang mam hi 33. Co caing man khéu oéiDong mach ham trén 1. Dong mach thai duting nding vi thdm kinh tai thai dung 2. Ding mach mang néo ida 3. Dong mach him tren 4. Thén kink mye Cedt Abt vt kéo Lem) 5. Dong mach edinh mgoai 6. Co trim méng 17. Bang sau ca hai bung (oh than) 8, Dong: mgch efinh trong va nhénh xoang enh thdn kinh thigt hau (TK 50. 9. Ca de Adin chain 10, Bong mach ediah chung 11. Co thi ducing 12, HE chiin bud khéu edi 13, Bong mgch huyét rang trén sau 14, Bong mach thai dmg situ 15, Boag mach audi 6 mit 16, Thin kinh md 17, Boag mach va thin kinh hhuytt ning dui 18, Dong mach mat 19, Bong mach dui chim 20, Xueng mong 21, Deng mach gidp tron (ede 400) Hinh anh phiu tich dng mgch hitm trén. Cét bd mbt phéin xuong him didi vk ea chin buom ngoai, Ciic mhainh chinh eda dong mach ham trén (lupe db). 1. Dong mach thai dung nong Gée nhénh & doan E 2, Bing mack tai su va. AGmg mach nh trade 3, Dong mach ming nio gitta 4, Bipng mach huy@t ring dui Céc nhinh & doan IE 5. Cée nin thai dug su 6, Cée nlsénh cham buom 7. Bong mach cfin 8 Bong mach ma Cée mhink 6 doan IIL 9, Dong mach huyot rang trin sau 10, Bong mpch dudi 6 mit 11, Bong moeh bom Khdu eh vi ede noha hée mdi 12, Bong mach khiu cf xuing: 13, Bong mech Sng chain bum aCae day than kinh sq 10} Nén ap vai ede day thin kinh so (mgt trong). To&n bj hai bin cu dai ndo va phiin trin eta cuting dai ndo 44 duge eit ba, Extmg rach trén Iéu tiéu nao phai lam 19 wo cde dy thin kinh sp 6 ki 1 2. 3 4, 6. 6 1 8 9. 1 6 hoang dud Mu. - Noang doe tein voi liém dai no . Hank khiu - Dai kit Thin kinh thj gide va dng mach cinh trong 5. Mém yin trade va ché inh cia be true léw tiéw nto ‘Thin kinh vn mhan (TK Il) ‘Thin kin gigng (van nhan ngoai: TK VI) 3. Khuyt Iéu t86u niio |. Than kinh rong roc (TK IV) 0, Léu tibu nto 6 11, Lidm dai nao va hoi hu xeang 12. HO tuyn yén, phéu vi hoanh yon 13, Lamg yen 14. Trung nde (edt njgang) 15. Thdn kink sinh ba (TK V) 16. Than kinh mat (TK VID, thin kink trung rian va thdn kink tién dinh Ge tai (TK VII 17. Cling ndo 18. Ban cdu tigu no phai 19. Nhone tiéu nia 20. Xoang thing10 lat dug cia nie cling vdi cde day thin kinh #9. Cét nang trun ‘Thay 0 ‘Thay théi dutdng Cuding gi niio ‘Trung néo (elt n ng nile (Sylvius) Lai chai ‘Thay ehiim Hanh khou Dai haw 10. Thén kin thj gide va giao thoa thi gike 11. Phéw 12. Thén kein’ vn nhiin (TK HI) 13, ThE vi 14, Chait 5. Thin kinb rdng roe (TK IV ni) Che diy thin kink se: 1. Thin kinh Kahu UT HL. Than kinh vn nha IV. Thdn kinh ring roe kinh thi gite V. Thin kinh sink VL. Thin kinh giang 1 Thin kinh mgt VILL Thin kink IK inh thigt béu (lutt, hdw) X Thin kinh lang thang Thin kinh phy han kinh ha thie XIL (duoi 10)Thin kinh mat (TK Thén kinh tién dink de Thay nhung bj gi hoang) th dn kinh giang (TK VD) 3iao thoa thi gide 10. Thaip hanh E1. Litm dai nao 2. Thy chm ‘Than kink ha thige (TK X11) (p! 6 sinh tu duet) cia trung no 19. Thdn kink phy (TK XI iho tht TV) 19, Thin kink ha thigt (TK XID 20, Thiin kink lang thang (TK X) vi ding mach cfinh trong 22, Thin gino cai 23. Quai o6 (quai thdn kinh 4, Théin Kin thigt hau (TK 1X) va eo trim hu27 28 29 90 Cio dity thin kink so ota 6 mit vi hd chin budm-Kkhiu cdi, 6 mit trai (mat mgodi), Moi tin chi n6i tip thitn inh gd ma lp. 1. Thay trén 7. Ca endo dus 12. Cée ahd ciia dim ri 2. Than kink trén 6 mit 8. Thin kinh gb mé buyt ring trén nlm aét 8. Tuydin Ip 9. Nhdnh didi eda thin kink niém mae eda xoang him trén 4. Thin kink 1 vn nhin va os thang dusi 18, Ranh trung tam cia thiy dio 5. Co thdng ngoii (ott Ai) 10. Than kink duei 6 mat 14. Co thing trén 6. Thin kinh thf ide va 11. Thin kink huy@t ring tron aa 16, Ct mae 6 mat (trdn hée sft) ‘ede thin kinh mi ngfin 16. Thin kinh moi-mi 17. Hach mi 18, Thin kink v@n nhin (TK IL) 19, Thin kink ring. roe (TK TV) 20. Thin kink mit (TK \;) 21. Thin kinh giang (TK V1) (edt doi) 22. Thiin kinh sinh ba (TK ¥) 23. Hach sinh ba 24. Thin kinh ham tebn (TK \) vi18 tron 28, Thdn kink ham dudi (PK \4) 26. Ong tai ngodi 27. Che thiin kinh chain butmkhdu cht 28. Ce thdn kinh thai duong su 29. Thin kinh ma 30, Thin kinh edn 81. Thin kin tai-théi duting 82. Rong rgc vk ea chdo trin Che diy théin kinh sq chi phét cite ed ngoai nbiin edu (mat ngoai) (luge 4), 70.Cac thiin kink so cia 6 kinh trdn bj edt vi Mt ra). Lak 1, Noang trén (md rong) 2. Thiin kinh tram (bj cit vi Mit ra 3. Co thing tren (bj va nhan edu Cée thin kink se & nén so. Than nao duge mé ra. C4 hai ban edu di i 1p nong; bén trai: lop jo vA mang ling duife edt bd mat phiin. eda 6 mat (oa thang trén va thin Co ehéo tron 2. Thin kink giang (TK VD) Céo than kink mi ngiin vk vi co thing ngeai than kin thj gide (TK ID 8. Hgch mi va oo thing trén (bj 18 Than kinh moi mi 9. Thin kinh vgn nhiin (TK ID 10. u 12, 15. ‘ThA kinh ring rec (TK IV) CoSing (éry) dai no va trung nio ‘Thanh dui cia ndo that IIT thimg voi cing ndo Nhanh ngoii vi ahdnk trong cia thin kinh tron 6 mat Théin kinh trén rong roe Co thing trén ‘Thain kinh 19 Théin kinh tran ‘Than kink mit (TK V) Gino thoa thi gide va png mach cinh trong Hgch sinh ba ‘Th&n kink sinh ba (TK V) Hhuyét leu tiéu niio Li Tifu nko Pheu Dai kh im di naeHinh anh phiu tich toan bé than kinh sinh ha. Thanh bén cia hp se, thanh bé gd md va nganh memg ham dui d& dere win 3. Thin kinh If Nan eds 6. Thdn kimh thj gide vi in kink ti 8. Thin kinh 10. Thin kink di ing him dui due mé Bam rOi ring dud US elm vik thin kinh c Byng tre eg hat bung Thin Kink mitt (TK ‘Thén kinh van mhiin (TK Il) ‘Thin kinh rong ree (TKIV) Thin kink sinh ba. va edly nit Thin kinh him trén (TK V Hach sink ba ‘Thin kink him dvi (TK ¥ huln kink tai thai di by it vk thitmg abt afe See ey 2. Tuyfn 1p va nan edu 8. Thin kink Ig 4. Co thing ngoai 5, Hgeh mi & ngodi thin kinh thj gide 6. Than kink gb ma T.Nhdnb duvdi eta thin kink van nhin 8. Thin kink mit (TK V,) 9. Thin kink him tron (TK Vy) 10. Hach sink ba 11 Than kink him duéi (TK V,) 12, Cée thin: kinh huydt ring trén sou 13, Hom abi, ng tai ngodi va mang nht 14. Thin kinh huyet ning dui 15. Than kink luai 16. Thén kinh mat (TK VID) 17. Thin kinh lang thang (TK X) 18, Than kinh ha thiét (TK XID va rf tron cia qual ob 19, Dong mach eink ngodi 20, Dai kita (TK 1) 21, Than kinh thj gide (TK II) (phdn trong #9) 22, Thin kinh van nbn (TK Il) 23, Théin kinh giang (TK TK VI) 24, Thin kink rong roe (TK IV) 25, Théin kink sink ba (TK ¥) 26, Théin kink tién dinh rr Lién quan cia than kinh so véi thin nfo. Bén trai (mat tron ngoai). éc tai (TK VILD va thin Nita trai eiia thn ndo va dau da duge edt bi mit phin. Hay cha ¥ tai vj kink mgt (TK VID tri ctia hgch sin’ ba ‘Thin kink thigt héu (TK IX) (ri thin nae) 28, HO trdm 29. Théin kink lang thang (TK X) (rit. thin nto) 40, Thain kin be ehige (TK XID (rdi hanh ndo} 31. Thin kinh phy (TK XI) (i len tar 1b Ion) 82, Bong mach dét sting 39, Hach gai vi ming tay cling M4, Thin kinh phy (TK XD 35, Dong mach cinb trong 36, Nhdnh ngodi va nhdnh trong ciia thin kinh trén & mat 87, Théin kinh dusi rong roc 38. Thiin kinh dudi 6 mat 89, Hach chan budm khifu edi ve thdn kink huy@t rang trén gia 40, Cac thin kinh huyet ring trén igitta (di vo dim ri rang trén) 41. Than kink mé 42. Thin kink clin va 1b chm 43. Thin kinh tai thai duomg 44. Hach tai (duiing ditt doan) 45. Thing nht 48, Than kink him méng 47, Tuydn dudi ham 48, Xuemy méng ‘Cée nhénh chinh eta thin kinh sinkThan kinh mat Hinh anh phi tich toan bé thin kinh mt. Motods of dye md tren hop 29. M9t phi thay thai dung duge edt bd. Ong thn kinh mat va him nhl dye md ra, thanh sau Sng tat ngoii dugceét bb. Cae mbink thin kinh mt: a=nhdnh théi dvtng; b= ese nha 8 mi c= céenhénh mé; d= nhénh bsham dui 1. Than kinh rong ree 2. Than kinh mgt cong bgch poi 3. Tiéu nfo (ban edu phi) 4. Bung chdim eda eo chim trin va thdn kinh ehdm lén ‘Than kinh mat 818 tram cham Co g6i du Nhdoh of cia thdn kinh mat Co de dé chim va tinh mach sau har dud 9. Co vong mat 10. Thang nht 11. Ong tai ngoat 12, Dong mach mat 13, Ce ti6a xoang chom 14. Than kinh tai sau 15, Nhaa va g0i oda than kinh mat Thin kinh mot (luse é cia hinh phiu tick ten) m4Cac thin inh thigt héu, lang thang va ha thiet ho n quan cin thén kinh 69 véi than no (nhin chéo tif phfa bén). Phin ngobi cia s Dai thi pide 2, Thin kinh vin ohin (TK 11D) 3, Ca thikng mgodi via nhénh dui foia thda Kink vn ban CTE ID 4. Xuomg bua wa thimg abt 5. Thing nbs, chin Keinh mt (TK VID) vi thin kink tién dink Se tai (TK VIED) 6. Thin kinh thigt béiu (TK BO 7 Thdn kind bai vk thin kink upd wing dati 8. Mém trim ea es trim ming 9. Co er bai 10, Cac nhdink biti ela thin inh thige bau 11, Nhat loi eda thin kin’ hay thiet 12, Ding mach eink npoli 19. Bd tren cba qual oS (ahdnb cia this Iimh he thie) 14. Tht nde Bee eng dim roi mach mge va cofing doi no nfo, ob va céc efu tmie cin mat, thanh ngodi cia 6 mat, 6 migng 4& dure eft bo. Hom nht da dupe md. Xuomg him dali due eft &8i, ef co mhai cling duge cit bs. 28, Thin kin rong roe (TK IV) 26. Thiin kinh sinb ba (TK'V) ‘V7, Nao tht LV vi Bs trim (nm to thal 1 18, Thiin keind lang thang (TE X) 19. Thin kinh phy (TK XI 20, Bong mach dat aos 21. Hoch of tra 22 Thin kink he thige (TK X11) 23. Hpeh gui cing bao mng-ciing 24, Mang tiy cing Bing mach cach trong wt mhanh ‘xoang ean eda thd Kin thigt hilu 26, RE sau (limg) oa thin kinh 91g 3. Thin giao cin 28. Nhink cia drm ri o8 (nganh site ea day thin kinh sng c5 3) 20. Quai 5