“ “he Comemparary Wert | 28 {GY worascassearcustemstry aaa ‘Tho Globalization of Religion Globalization implicates religions in several ways. It calls forth religious response and interpretation. Religions played important roles in bringing about and characterizing globalization. Among the consequences of this implication for religion is that ‘lobalization encourages religious pluralism, Religions identify themselves in relation to fone another, and they become less rooted in particular places because of diasporas ‘and transnational ties. Globalization further provides fertile ground for a variely of oninstitutionalized religious manifestations and for the development of religion as @ political and cultural resource Perspectives on the Role of Religion in the Globalization Process “*) 1. The Modernist Perspective. It is the perspective of most intellectuals and academics.ts view is that all ‘secularizations would eventually look alike and the different religions would all end up ‘as the same secular and “rational” philosophy, It sees religion revivals as sometimes being a reaction to the Enlightenment and modernization. 2. Post-Modemist Perspective. It rejects the Enlightenment, modemist values of rationalism, empiricism, and science, along with the Enlightenment. modernist structures of capitalism, bureaucracy, ‘and even liberalism. The core value of post-modemism is expressive individualism. The ostsmodemist perspective can include “spiritual experiences,” but only those without Teligious constraints. Postmodernism is largely hype'- secularism, and it joins modernism in predicting, and eagerly anticipating, the disappearance of traditional roligions. Globalization, by broaking up and dissolving every traditional, local, and rational structure, wil bring about the universal triumph of expressive individualism, 3, The Pre-Modemist Perspective, There is an alternative perspective, one which is postmadem in its occurrence but which is pre-modem in its sensibilly. It is best represented and articulated by the Roman Catholic Church, especially by Pope John Paul Il. The Pope's understanding is ‘drawn from his experiences with Poland, but it encompasses events in other countries: ‘as well. Each religion has secularized in its own distinctive way, which has resulted in its ‘own distinctive secular outcome. This suggests that even if globalization brings about more secularization, it will not soon bring about one common, global worldview. ‘Secularization is understood as a shift in the overall frameworks of human condition; it makes it possible for people to have a choice between belief and non belief ina manner hitherto unknown 16 Soe titleTransnational Religion and Multiple Glocalization ‘Throughout the 20th century migration of faiths across the globe has been a major feature. One of these features is the deterritorialization of religion ~ that is , the appearance and the efflorescence of religious traditions in places where these previously had been largely unknown or were at least in a minority position (9, ‘Transnational religion is a means of describing solutions to new-found situations that people face as a result of migration and it comes as two quite distinct blends of religious universalism and local particularism, 1. Its possible for religious universalism to gain the upperhand, whereby Universalism becomes the central reference for immigrant communities. In such instances, religious transnationalism is often depicted as a religion ‘going global 2. It is possible for local ethnic or national particularism to gain or maintain the most important place for local immigrant communities. In such instances, transnational national communities are constructed and religious hierarchies perform dual religious and secular functions that ensure the ‘groups’ survival (*!, Fundamentalist of revivalist movement attempt to construct pure religion that sheds the cultural tradition in which past religious life was immersed 9, ‘Transnational religion is used to describe cases of institutional transnationalism \whereby communities living outside the national territory of particular states maintain religious attachments to their home churches or institutional Indigenization, hybridization or glocalization are processes that register the abilty of religion to mould into the fabric of different communities in ways that connect it intimately with communal and local relations ®, Global local or glocal religion eptesents a genre of expression, communication and individual identities “9. it involves the consideration of an entre range of responses as outcomes instead of a single master narrative of secularization and modernization Forms of Glocalization 1. indigenization 2. vemaculerization 13. nationalization ” Stex ‘The Contemporary World | 2020 BATANGAS STAI E UNIVERSITY 4. transnationalization Indigenization is connected with the spectic faiths with ethnic groups whereby religion and culture were often fused into a single unit. It is also connected to the survival of particular ethnic groups. Vernacularization involved the rise of vemacular language endovied with the symbolic abiity of offering privileged access to the sacred and often promoted by empires (0, Nationalization connected the consolidation of specific nations with particular confessions and has been a popular strategy both in Western and eastern Europe (". Transnationalization complemented religious nationalization by forcing groups to Identify with specific religious traditions of real or imagine national homelands or to adopt a more universalist vision of religion (2,