a rol NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Pages — Ee (HA 2203) Defentment of athena tice, Assignmunt —— — — Sugar Goek _ Fs Fa iss vied for an event un & soweple Roll Mum bem $ - 121E 10378 Name > Define what ig & xandem en pow possible ways of de gening psec abinty Apa. A sandem expesuiment 42 an enpeuurnert un whith $ (a) alt outwmed o He enposrmenk are known Un aol VON CL 6 (2) ony performance of He enpeiment seesults win an outtome that % not Enown tn advance g and. © the expoument can be repeated unolex folentical conolt Hou CLASSICAL DEFINATION OF PROBABILITY TE a xondem experiment yeesutls un ‘wm! exhaustive mutual, evebustve anol equally Likely oudwomes y put of whith *m!? are favourable to ocewtence of event (A), then the probability 4 an eveut i& denoted by PCA). Plal= me = bo. china f'e1 SSC*S ma le Tobal nrunber of elements in’o’, Enerercal | STATISTICAL DEFINATION OF PROBABILITY TH an experimen ik per fomucl r«peatedly Unolese eisentially wornngenous and idential venouition then tHe pinlting value o the Haste gf the Ws of tines the evene occu to He Wo. of teciate becomy tneleg.rruttely L ange Usji <10318 @ Calted he habbeming of that event, Probability. itelose PCA) = bn on n> 0 1 ArwnaTic Derivation OF fkoBneieiTy tment Let 1. be the sample Space sulated to a statistical aes Ut B be a co —algebra on. The ‘Probability’ v4 a sek punckeon define grem 6 [Loyi] Auth thak ut wie zatisgy pees ten oli tong $- (w) for any AEB, pla) 20 fantom of non- mggastuiyg Cs WD Pla)y= 1 Corniom of wetoinityy (ait) Tp Pir Az y----= be the cequenee of ais joint events in B tun, Co i : PCU *i) = 2 Phi) f Acorn of Summabiltty (=! ls! Ox) lee A and B ore two evenk of Sample space S such that BC A. Tha show tho PCB) 4 PCA) $08? We Know y Aae Use =A Cabeulating probability y ftane*)v 6] = PO) pcaned + pio= pla) . cou] PCA net= pla) e(8) -() Dy Plans) 22 > PlA)- Pl5)> 0 PA) > P(e) As pot Arwen121610318 Page #03 i NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Prove thot if the events A and B ane Inaspendtent *hen Ons 8 (1) Rand @¢ CH) AL and B ove independent « Giveny ff amd B ww independent events, ives pCans) = pcm). ple) —O) (2 By De Morgan's Aas We Know Ang’= A va)” -O pa?) To show (vA 2 6 oe also Independenb ? tala = Wi) Calculating pxobabtety of "0 PoAA BD = plave) = I~ p(aus) 1— pla) — p(s) + Plan 8) )- pta)— pla)+ pla). pls) Susing pO} = peat) — p(B) £1 pla) § = plad— pce) pln) = pad i- ple] = play. ple) Hence, placn 6° as("9 To snow 9 A and Bo ane alo Gndependent. We Know, 408 Uangea-—© Cateuloctt ng prebabrLiity , P(ANB®) = pca) — plans) pial— p(A)- els) -£ Usty oe} ea) [1 - etey] P(A). p (Be) Hence proved, PCA age) = pCa). plac) " Y " (ity Similarity An BU Anbe Bb Cal ul ating povobabinity y plrene)= pla)— plans) = p(B) pla). pls) fusing e4"O 5 = pte) Li- el] = p(a),eta). Hence provers placne) > eta). PLA), PLAC NB) = PCB). PLAS 4) Fox any anbitxasy event Aand B slow that PAU g) < Fuortvae generotize the send $9 04 muinabest of events, gol” fis fore. Maldon theanery PA) + PLB) Pp (ae) = pla) + ’(6) ~P(4 yg)taie10378 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Page : 0% aS wn \ Using Arniom OD, Plane) zo > PCA) + PCB) — prgye) 20 > pla) + ple) > Pave) Th ag % mn ertaty. Bory > (Oar) b=) ter y Aly Wie axe salted. what ig the probability that of0 show AYount fae. Lk 1,0, ~~. 0g be the Alm ole, Ut A be the event tn Which ate WVus show Uf eonk fas. dD, 0, Dz dy Os De } Ik poseible f 5 4 3 Zo Outros $9 same fae Total fovescable cases = 6 / Tota possible cases th samp above = (6) 6 me {hal = é! i aneOL) Show that if the event 4, and 6 one. noipendlon rr) 318 A amd BUG and (i a-@ and aa indipendton (2110 Goh.” D Giv (0 Given, pcananc)= pen). ple). P0) a Aes To chow, PA BUC) = pla) .ABV 6) We Know, Aagve = (pag) Ua) Caleutoting probonitity Pl AB) U (anc) = plane) +P (anc) —p(aneac) => pla). pls) + P(A). plc) — pla). PCB). ei) > pea)l pts) + eco) — (6). PCC] > pin LC elavc)] Hene proveds plan euc)= pla). e(evc) LHS (iD CBr is ACA-B)ne) = P(A-8). Plc) we kro, (a -ayne =(ane!ac) RS Caluulating pacobobility plane'nc) => P(A). P(e’). PCc) 3 GA). #8). #0 T418 C— Ina pr a plane!) -eCc) => Cee), yey) " Ley ——t =(a) (» a JE (21610508 See’, Page 207 aatitin _ NATIONALINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Pag AOrews axe drawn at sondem prem a Lok g os A0uws, 10 of which axe olgertive . find He Probab a Of the everk that ate 2 Sous dawn are won olefeckive Mumung that we diya (4) with soplacmeat (A) ustheut xaplocment, sith (eplawmenty Toto W of Souws = 170 Total ‘om clef ective Avcews = 90 3 ive) = 9 ¥90 x99 =/4) 6,92 P ( mets defective) ae ie Cpl Be Without Feplacement- Ago, 84 88 Plron- cep ective) = WP x Mey x #e {00 S = 0.726 What 12 the. probability that in ag xeup 20 Cthak jnctudes notin) at west tro ave te 2 if we assume chat the probabitity 4 tay, a given olay 14 I]ec5 for every olay. peepte CMe bry Hh dlauy %Y bistth day en —, hove Lintholay 4 Exory peor con W un 35 wage, Soy o perens Can have birtholaye jn Coe.Ee —— Numb oat ways are have Up ount birthdays = 3656 xao! ec pla) = | ~p (A) = |= 5 x20] (205) 24344 ® 4) A Die ik poadeol vin auch a manner that pome ly 6 tte probnbiDrty of te face rmaneckon an ding & eae | oie ik povoposttionat dom. Fin He probawittty that an odel umbere yoith appear en fosaing the obee- Givens Piad orm > plnd = Kn fwhow KIS a tondtant 7 PLid= Ky ple) 2k, pls) =3ky PLE HE, pls)= sky els) © 6K Ss plni=} aie =! apeete |] Bul A odal Numbec at +3; qe, Probabsbity of occurance F a aoa a Kcnew = ° we 1 pale) = plang) ; Fe)sae03t NATIONALINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Page #0? AU6Nc = (Anc)U (Anc)4 Cakeuctocttng pscobabst tity P(@AIU (8ne)) = panc) + planc) - PlAagnc) Yivioling oy prc): fo P(Aanc) V@ac)) = Plane) + pland) — p(AABAC Plc) eco) r(@ eco =! Pl avec) = (alc) + Pele) — ellane) ic) LL) | A pscoblom in Mactis fs given to Zatudlents Ay By C whore chance of aolving Jt Is Ir, sl4 & WY Juex pectively » wohat-is he paeobobitity that the pscoblem voill be solved. if cute of teem trey Independently, lok A he the event thot problem Wt be solved « pta)= I- eA) ep-L- bb 22a a "4 32 From a uty population , dhe psrobadbtity of Aetecting (1) a oto Smoker is thio Ci) a male smokes (2/5) and (iii) a malt 4 fa Smoker is obrendly selected te 213. Ging tay porobabrtsity Ce selecting (a) a Mem smoker (b) O wate ay (Um kmoker tf mate 1 delete Bite bt,” Gol. let 7 oe = a be the event that abate 14 selected % a {g1€10318 went that a srokey ik aclected. Given Pla Wale a 4 O Pluasl)e zo — A= 2 —@ PCm a2 oh /s) 4-0 To pinck § pts!) , PtH), °( S/m) (D PiMisl= 2 2d P(HAS) oo Pls) 3 > 16 o 2 s (ie) s foring@)j pls! d= 1 p(s) & pls/)2e 5 Aub 1 SputZ-2et 5 = aya) aL [or] lo (wpm /s) = plas) 2 215 | at PIS) U2 (i) perus)=L > pcm) + Pls) —elMas) =, o lo 5\S: se 37 age? are NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela P°5 the Let Wi be the event thak A wrote pus-wiony Mob event that Bweote minus “on, Leb © be the ae oper Aaw plus +i9n on the au. ti £ gasyes J fi Het) sre ptm) prem) + p(n) PLEIN) P(wie) = PLEIN) = PC plus.ign was motchanged ov changed! noice) ee 1412) 2G) P(EIH) = PC tiimus ig wood changed. tuere ome or thoiee ) = 9fa)C4)"4 (8) pve) = (4) (4)'3(3)"*4 | (4) C142) 44] +3 (4) ~)'] Eh Q.) |The sum qf twonen- negative quanti tos J 4 Cul to 2n . a inol chan thal they, fia the A pecwderet 1s wor ey NET] tines Hot graatl product,LEM Y be Won- Negative a aWanti Hee uch that et y = 2M + pare103 78 @ Povo lu ck oH ti "Wve quawb ti s . eA Ustee be goattest ob uayer Pl my fer) = a] ny y én] j > p [x (an-n) ne nt yam] 2 PL ta onn t3n% 50] » PL Can-9m) (2u-m) So] PL % Wes between % anol 3H | avounable stange = ia = | ¢ "p= BD eM 4 Sambu Sow dn Povobability= 9 = | 2” 2 : IB We Know, for Reat hoot, )z0 a br 4ac7ze Giveny a, be aoe clrenmined by Horousrng ne hak aueant a, bye ae teers blw Di é].]21€10 318 Ja1€10 318 z NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela Page 3 Reaxsonging Fhe 09." we gel- ee BP tye > Sy i D> oe : * beat > ae 2% possible valussof Ca, b;¢) ae ¢- C1241) = 3 () Zee 5 iy rl), C27 811) 4 t1,3,2) f if bs $4 Hbe45 4 rat br) 5 (1,5,2)1 _ (35,2) } ipb=85 (£) 7 AE CUED C52, -—. (6.5/1) J pb 65 97% 96 DE Cio (ly br) 5 Cb) oe (3/612) } Totes Pavonablt CAMS I OFl tS 4+ O4 YH +)z on) aaE NOR ee Ved &) Itpe ke Ze OS pica 2 Ae His cabs tek she comoli tion that PLZ) & [ort] 40 Fetes “ Poobooitrty wn the. Sample chace. A {ut ux0} 2 ie a) & > gus %70} a (0,0) Pr= ole 4 J ge. 9 pa re Poel a LE] foe oe (a) = [part]? 2 bf of ad pg “TT Jo Wwe 2 ee 6» = g Ustn—I Vain es lwW'te Maxble Rulule Mosbles QW Hoxbles 2 Block Ma bLe | Blake Moxble 3B lack Mosh los 4 Usin-l selected Hen 12/3 a hews up ou Uan-2 seleceol then Yb shes eee yan-3 nett then Sb Ahi ob on ig,; , a P Sem _ NATIONAL nsriTUrE oF TECHNOLOGY. ROUSE ly be event shat Usin-| geledeol vl Iw Uatmen seb otek 7 iu Uomneg seleeted Aw i it daw Mort ble pick. Plu)= E> , Plvl=Ub y Plw)= 12 PCAIU) = 118, PlAly) =2134 PAW) = He o% PlAal= platy) elu) +PlAlw) p(w) + elAlv) Plu) al a7 det + drt FJ = el 7 a oF 7 a fk. PlulA) = platy) .ev) . 2 9 4 PCA) oo = bh a ms 3 PlwiA) = P(Alw). Pl) Loy = sia x PCA) Ga a 419 g ee