Table of Contents

Abstract 2
Introduction 2
Literature Review 2
Data Analysis 3

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Abstract
The study’s paper tries to probe the resistance of subalterns in opposition to the institutionalized
oppression of the capitalist society proven withinside the novel ‘Our Lady of Alice Bhatti’ with the aid of
using Mohammad Hanif. The researcher applies the principle of Gramsci to discover the abject condition,
suppression, and next resistance of the subaltern class. This novel offers voice to the oppressed,
suppressed, and a wretched minority of Pakistani society. Alice Bhatti, the protagonist is in lots of
approaches a subaltern. She is a Christian in Muslim majority society; she lives withinside the French
colony withinside the slums of Karachi, she is a female withinside the patriarchal society. This novel
suggests the battle and resilience of the protagonist. She fought in opposition to triple marginalization:
She resists poverty, she resists in opposition to patriarchy, she resists in opposition to spiritual
fundamentalism, she resists in opposition to the bourgeoisie class. Mohammad Hanif produces a subaltern
who speaks, struggles, and who fights in opposition to the system. In the end, she is beaten with the aid of
using the ruthless fingers of the system. Her dying with the aid of using acid is a cry of a subaltern in
opposition to inhuman suppression.

Introduction
In the sector of criticism, the period Subaltern is used for the population, which is geographically,
socially, and politically out of doors of the Hegemonic energy structure. The period is coined with the aid
of using an Italian philosopher Antonia Gramsci, to pick out the agencies which can be excluded from the
set up the order of society. Identity is a completely essential and much-debated period in post-
colonialism. Alice Bhatti is enmeshed with the aid of using her surroundings, and the stress of the society
and hegemony. Who am I? Where do I come from? And what's my precise function in this society? are
the questions from interior and out of doors, she confronted many times. She reveals herself as an alien in
a society that doesn't personal her. She faces melancholy and loneliness all through her life span. The
researcher strains the adventure of Alice Bhatti. She struggles to locate her identification. She fights for
recognition and honor. She has been marginalized. She by no means accepts the strategy of hiding her
identification to get a few meager recognized withinside the adverse society. She is the Subaltern,
however, she is a speak me subaltern, who can retaliate and inflict the ache again to the suppressor. The
binaries and their contradictions confused the Heroine of the radical and reason identification crises in her
deeper soul. The novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti changed into posted in 2011. Its placing is present-day
Karachi and a story is advised approximately a Catholic Nurse, who lives withinside the French colony,
that's an uncooked settlement. Hanif is a pleasant Pakistani novelist withinside the English language. His
paintings are fused with records and culture. He explores how an individual self-negotiates with
establishments of the kingdom faith in modern-day Pakistani society. He gives social and political
dilemmas, which can be smeared with witty repartee. It now no longer handiest continues the tale fresh,
and the reader engaged, however additionally gives valuable insights into the multifaceted cultural
surroundings of our society. Hanif novels had been translated into extra than sixteen languages up until
now. He has come to be a famous novelist withinside the country. We can examine his fiction to that of
our top-notch quick tale author Sadat Hassan Manto.

Literature Review
The researcher performed an overview of the associated articles and studies paintings from specific
sources. Different Authors take a look at our female of Alice Bhatt from a selection of perspectives.
Silencing of Subaltern in Our Lady of Alice Bhatti, Abroo Nazar explores feminism withinside the novel.
He determined that girls in Pakistani Literature are proven to be sufferers of cultural, social, and

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nonsecular violence. They suffered from the merciless hand of the Patriarchal gadget. In the paper: The
Empire Writing Back: Contemporary Pakistani Novel in English” Fatima Hassan, takes the stance that
postcolonial writers are generating worth paintings in English. They deliver voice to their respective
societies. They are efficaciously the use of the language in their former masters. They are writing for his
or her identification and nationality. In every other studies paper, Praetorianism in A Case of Exploding
Mangoes: A Critical Analysis through Muhammad Yar Tanvir investigates the political occasions of
Pakistan across the 1980s. Zia is offered as an effective dictator who controls each organization of
Pakistan through force. He changed into being killed in an air crash close to Bahawalpur, he changed into
a ruthless dictator. In modern-day studies, the researcher’s contribution is to research the novel Our Lady
of Alice Bhatti from a brand new perspective. The researcher probes the resistance of subalterns towards
the capitalist society withinside the novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti strains the adventure of the
subalterns’ quest for identification. In the end, Alice's whole annihilation questions the unjust gadget of
capitalism in Pakistan.

Research Question
The following research lies on evaluating A Subaltern’s Quest for Identity and Respect: A Gramscian
Study of ‘Our Lady of Alice Bhatti’.

Data Analysis
“I'm a pessimist because of intelligence, but an optimist because of will.”
(Antonio Gramsci p. 451)
Alice Joseph Bhatti is the imperative person withinside the novel. She has many disadvantages; she is
Christian withinside the ruled Muslim society, she is a woman withinside the patriarchal society, she is a
bad man or woman withinside the capitalistic society, she belongs to the Bhatti solid in a caste system
society in which you may be hated most effective primarily based totally to your solid and she or he is the
daughter of a sanitary employee Joseph Bhatti. The researcher strains the adventure of her quest for
identification and bit honor via the evaluation of this novel. Her resistance to social injustices is
countable. “One must speak for a struggle for a new culture, that is, for a new moral life that cannot but is
intimately connected to a new intuition of life, until it becomes a new way of feeling and seeing reality”
(Antonio Gramsci. 345). She has the nerves to face the cheating doctors withinside the hospital, she has
confronted untamed Muslim women withinside the nursing school, she has an ambitious and mature
mindset in the direction of males. She could be very devotional in her profession. She is an ambitious
subaltern. “Revolutionaries see history as a creation of their own spirit, as being made up of a continuous
series of violent tugs at the other forces of society” (selections from the Prison notebooks p.455). She is a
courageous character. She becomes “our female of Alice Bhatti” thru this journey. All different people
are doing their paintings of cleansing the shit of huge homes withinside the city. But Alice Bhatti isn't an
ordinary person. She rises from the dust and grime to end up the female of Mohammad Hanif. Chapter 12
of the radical offers with the upbringing of Alice. Her father is offered an untouchable choorah. French
colony in the region wherein hunger is revered as God’s will. She misplaced her mom whilst she turned
into a child. She turned into murdered with the aid of using a neighborhood rapist. She suffers from many
missing in her life. She has no identification withinside the society out of the doors of the French colony.
She lacks the honor and honor of a regular human being. She fights in opposition to each misfortune. Her
mom’s demise makes her choice of locating herself robust. She is manufactured from the hegemony of
the bourgeoisie class. She receives schooling even though it isn't much less than a miracle to get
schooling in those circumstances. It is extraordinary withinside the French colony to present schooling to

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a daughter. Sufferings make her robust and mature sufficient to reflect on consideration on her
identification. Her husband Teddy Butt is an agent of bourgeoisie class, who suppresses, pressed, and
overwhelmed an upcoming formidable courageous subaltern. Her quest for identification is overwhelmed
with the aid of using the ruthless arms of the bourgeoisie class. Her marriage ceremony held at sea
became an attempt to present them with a lousy beginning to new lifestyles. But her efforts to settle
peacefully in lifestyles with junior Mr. Faisalabad Teddy Butt are an entire failure. Teddy is a reformed
rapist womanizer and murderer. The act of pouring one-liter sulfuric acid on the head of Alice Bhatti is a
symbolic value. All her attempt to get her identification is demolished with the aid of using the device
named Teddy. This act offers her a price tag direct to heaven. This act suggests the ruthlessness of the
machine. It suggests that the machine is so effective and unjust. It has to be changed. The machine is
challenged with the aid of using Alice. Alice is overwhelmed however does now no longer suffer, as
Joseph Bhatti writes, “My daughter did not suffer the pain that her estranged husband meant to cause her
by pouring half a liter of Sulphuric acid on her angelic face. Instead, she ascended to heaven with our
Holy Mother.”

Conclusion
The studies have been deliberate to analyze the resistance of subalterns in opposition to the capitalist
society, which is provided incredibly withinside the novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti with the aid of using
Muhammad Hanif. The researcher applies the concept of Antonio Gramsci to discover the abject
condition, suppression, and next resistance of the subaltern magnificence. The findings of this study
advocate that Alice Bhatti suffers at some stage in the radical due to a capitalist society wherein
subalterns aren't given the area to elevate vice for his or her rights. The stop of the novel wherein Alice is
murdered via acid symbolically indicates the dissolution of the identification with the aid of using the
agent of capitalist society Teddy Butt. Her terrible dying leaves many questions about the shape of the
system. Can we shape a peaceful, calm, and humane society? Can we cast off those so-referred to as
magnificence systems? The novel increases many questions for reformation and restructuring of society.

References
Barry, P. (1995). Beginning theory: An introduction to literary and cultural theory. Manchester England:
Manchester University Press.
Gramsci, A. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, eds. &
trans. London: Lawrence and Wishart. 1971 print.
Gramsci, Antonio, the selections from the Political Writings (1910-1920), (ed.), Hanif, M. (2011).Our
Lady of Alice Bhatti. India: Random House Publishers Private Limited.
Nazar, Abroo: Silencing of Subaltern in Our Lady of Alice Bhatti, International Journal of English and
Education, Volume 05, Issue 02. April 2018.
Tanvir, Muhammad Yar. Praetorianism in A Case of Exploding Mangoes: A Critical Analysis.
International knowledge-sharing platform. Volume 04, number 19. April 2018.

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