3rd SPECIAL FORCES GROUP (AIRBORNE) HAND COMBAT COURSE REFERENCE GUIDE 1 OCTOBER 1997 @This pamphlet was developed as a guide for the soldiers of the 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne) to supplement the training they receive in the Group’s Combative Course. The techniques outlined in this guide were selected for their simplicity, effectiveness and utility, “Advanced techniques are the basics mastered”, Although there are hundreds of ways to effectively “skin a cat”, the techniques described herein can be adapted to work under many hand combat scenarios, as long as the user has mastered a basic understanding of the most rudimentary principals of each. All of the techniques have been validated in regulated and unregulated settings by the developer of this course and have been proven to be effective. It is up to the student to determine what is useful for him/her and to use this pamphlet as a guide. All of the techniques described should always be practiced and utilized with safety in mind, Point of contact for this pamphlet and the Combative Course should be directed to MSG Dale Comstock DSN 239-9923 or 910-432-9923 or write HC, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airbome), Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28307. Special thanks to SP/4 Hogg, SP/4 Aragon, SP/4 Paraison and SEC Fox for their assistance in developing this pamphlet.TABLE OF CONTENTS Principals of Proper Mind set The Nervous system Autonomic Nervous systems Lungs Target Areas Personal Weapons Equipment Ready Position Blocking Punches Head Injuries Stunning Techniques Motor Nerves and Pressure Points Palm Heel Strikes Forearm/Elbow Strike Kicking Knee Strikes Head Butts Falls Mounted Position Guard Position Japanese Arm Bar Anaconda Choke Respiratory Choke Carotid Choke Strangle Hold Counter Pg. Pg! Pg. Pg. Pg, Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. a. 12 13 15 17 19 22 25 26 27 31 32 33 36 39 42 43 44Guillotine Choke Counter Search Techniques Goose Neck/Wrist Lock Edged Weapons Weapon Neutralization Certification Standards Ps Pe P BP Pe g- J. a g- g-Principals Of Proper Mind Set Survival Learning Skills: Fighting, regardless if it is in self defense or for sport, requires a physical effort. However, the psychological aspect is of equal importance. Fighting is 50% mental and 50% physical. In order to become proficient in the use of Physical skills, we must first master the skill of learning and applying the cognitive processes to our training. This process includes; conditioning the mind and body through rote and repetitive training, performing under stress and in extreme circumstances, the judicious application of tactics and techniques, resolving our death, mental awareness and attitude, All of these traits point to one common denominator; Readiness. Readiness: Is the single most important element of a proper mind set in Hand Combat. The following tenets should be adopted as every persons survival imperatives 1. Surprise: The first principal of offensive and defensive combat. By striking the enemy with a preemptive attack we gain strategic surprise. By countering with indignant anger and total resolve we gain tactical surprise. The unexpected is disconcerting to an adversary. A disconcerted person is momentarily less in charge of his own thoughts than just before or just after. Itis in this fleeting moment that our ‘opponents will stall or freeze (stress shock phenomena), and we are afforded the opportunity to “finish them” or reverse the momentum that they may have achieved through their attack. 2. Alertness: Is to some extent, an inherent personality trait, but it can nonetheless be leaned and improved, We live in a perilous and feral world and if we are to accommodate to it, and live at ease in it, we must sharpen are senses and consider are personal security. 3. Decisiveness: To ponder is quite possibly to perish. Short of extensive personal experience, which most people do not have, the best way to cultivate tactical decisiveness is through hypothesis, “what would I do if”? By thinking tactically we can ‘more easily arrive at correct tactical solutions. Following up with practice, even theoretical practice, tends to produce confidence in our solutions, which in tum makes it easier and thus quicker, to reach a decision. 4, Aggressiveness: “The best defense is a good offense”. Victory is not always guaranteed to the strong and the swift, and there is no such thing as defending non aggressively, unless you intend to block and counter your opponents every move until he is to exhausted to fight. Although the intended victim may be smaller than the attacker, the tables can be tumed with the application of violent indignation. In the wild when a predator is attacked by another predetor , his reaction is not to defend, instead he counters with an aggressive counter attack.Principals Of Proper Mind Set 5. Speed: The perfect offense is the one that is over before the loser really understands what is going on. The perfect defense is a counter attack that succeeds before the assailant realizes that he may have bitten off more than he can chew. Speed is the absolute essence of any form of combat, and overwhelming force is of no importance if it is not brought to bear before it is preempted. Do on to others as they would do on to you, but do it first! 6. Coolness: “Run the situation, do not let the situation run you”. Keeping a level head under pressure is not always an easy thing to do, but it is paramount if one is going to control the situation. When we find ourselves in. stressful and dynamic situations, such as a fight, the tendency for us, particularly if we are the defenders, is to Jose situation awareness (tunnel vision). It is during this moment that we must remain in control of our mental faculties. If our focus is narrowed, then we are prone to surprises and our reaction time and reflexes are diminished. 7. Ruthlessness: If you are going to fight, then by all means fight to win, “Nice guys finish last and sometimes they do not finish at all”, 8, Tenacity: “Never Quit’, In spite of the odds, itis imperative that the will to win is imposed through a game and unyielding attack. This principal is the single most important element, and with out it, the combatant is largely relying on luck to win, Even in the face of overwhelming odds, tenacity can endure longer than any other human quality. When all combatants are fatigued, debilitated, and all of the other traits are neutralized, tenacity can tip the balance in favor of the man who intends to win at any cost. Fundamentals of Hand Comba 1. Continuity of motion 2. Interruption of the oppositions continuity of motion, 3. Maximum effect with minimum outlay of energy 4, Explosive action. Principals of Defense: 1. Surprise 2. Distance 3, Intersection (relative to attack) 4, Timing Principals of Offense: 1. Surprise 2. Timing 3, Distance 4. Intersection (relative to targets direction of evasion) 5. MomentumPrincipals Of Proper Mind Set 6. Deception 7. Commitment Flight or Fight Reflexes: God or mother nature, depending on one’s beliefs, has designed and equipped us with many survival mechanisms. Like all creatures on earth, ur instinets dictate to us that survival is our number one priority, because it ensures the procreation of our kind. This instinct was relatively more important for early man than for modem man. If we have a better understanding of the physiological changes that we experience ‘when we are confronted by something that is causing us anxiety, we can then tailor are ‘taining and tactics so that we can take advantage of, or compensate for these changes that may directly affect our actions or inaction. Keep in mind that our sub-conscience and our body have these back-up or compensatory systems to enhance our survivability However, these reactive systems can also be a hindrance and retard our ability to execute certain tasks. Anytime that we are startled or highly agitated, our bodies prepare themselves for battle or escape. In order to fight or escape several of the following changes occur but not necessarily in this order. The adrenal glands automatically dump adrenaline into the bodies system. This adrenaline surge acts much like NOS (Nitrous Oxide) in a drag race cat. It tends to accelerate the heart and increase reaction in the required muscle groups. A common reaction is shaking. Shaking is associated with fear but itis also associated with the heightened state of excitement that is a by product of adrenaline. Having the “shakes” prior to an engagement or when startled is normal, and is only a preparatory response to a fight or flight stimulus. Adrenaline (epinephrine) also restricts capillaries and small blood vessels under the skin surface areas in order to reduce blood loss from lacerations. The constriction of blood vessels also insures that blood pressure is maintained and that vital systems are supplied with plenty of oxygen. The pupils in the eyes tend to dilate, so as to collect more light and see a sharper image of the stimulus. Vision and peripheral vision is narrowed and depth perception is shallow, so that we focus more on the immediate or potential threat and not be distracted by something innocuous that could get us Killed. Respiration also increases. This condition ensures that maximum amounts of oxygen are inhaled and maximum amounts of carbon dioxide are exhaled. Under normal circumstances, we may take deep breathes of oxygen, only a small percentage of each breath of oxygen is absorbed and the rest is exhaled, Ata slow and deep respiratory rate, not enough oxygen or carbon dioxide can not be exchanged to keep up with the bodies demands, therefore rapid and shallow breathes are optimal. Only when the cardiovascular system is stressed for an extended period of time from heavy loads placed on all the other systems such as the large muscle groups, will respiration change from rapid and shallow to rapid and deep breathes. Additionally, adrenaline (epinephrine) acts as a bronchial dilator that will facilitate a greater exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, Elevation in blood pressure and pulse rate has a significant affect on hand-eye coordination and, fine and gross motor skills. When the heart rate exceeds 145 beats per minute, fine motor skills, such as those required to accurately shoot a pistol is diminished and gross motor skills are enhanced such as those required for strength. When man first originated there was not a requirement to shoot accurately, but his ability to run fast fromPrincipals Of Proper Mind Set a hungry carnivore, or his ability to smash the attacking beasts skull with a boulder, was certainly an asset and an ability that without it would have left us extinct.Nervous System ‘The nervous system of the human anatomy is responsible for sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses. All of the body's muscles and organs rely upon these nerve impulses to function. Three systems work together to carry out the mission of the nervous system: the central, the peripheral, and the autonomic nervous systems. The central nervous system is responsible for issuing nerve impulses and analyzing sensory data, and includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying nerve impulses to and from the body's many structures, and includes the many craniospinal nerves which branch off of the brain and spinal cord. The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and is responsible for regulating and coordinating the functions of vital structures in the body. Of all of these components, the brain is the primary component of the nervous system, ‘occupying the cranial cavity. Without its outermost protective membrane, the dura mater, the brain weighs an average of three pounds (about 1.4 kilograms), comprising about 97% of the entire central nervous system. The brain is connected to the upper end of the spinal cord (which connects through the foramen magnum of the skull) and is responsible for issuing nerve impulses, processing nerve impulse data, and engaging in the higher order thought processes. ‘The brain is divided into three parts: the large cerebrum, the smaller cerebellum, and the brainstem leading to the spinal cord. The brainstem is also descriptively divided into the medulla oblongata, the midbrain, and the pons.Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the self-controlling aspects of the body nervous network, and is under the control of the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the ‘medulla oblongata. Working in tandem with the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system features two subsystems which regulate body functions such as involuntary smooth muscle movement and heart rate. These two subsystems are called the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and their functions operate in opposition to one another, delicately balancing the bodily functions which they control. The sympathetic nervous causes fight or flight responses in moments of stress or stimulus, such as increased heart rate, saliva flow, and perspiration. The parasympathetic system counterbalance these effects by slowing the heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and relaxing involuntary smooth muscle fibers. Viewed individually, the sympathetic nervous system, also referred to as the thoracolumbar system, features a series of nerves which branch out of the spinal cord between the first thoracic vertebra and the second lumbar vertebra. These nerve fibers join into a long trunk of fibers, called the sympathetic trunk, on each side of the spinal cord. Along the sympathetic trunk are enlarged clusters of nerve fibers, called ganglia, From these ganglia, a number of nerve fibers extend throughout the body's tissues. Many of these nerves create additional ganglia, such as the celiac ganglia and the mesenteric ganglia, The sympathetic nerves are responsible for 6contracting involuntary smooth muscle fibers, viscera, and blood vessels, speeding up the heart rate, and dilating the bronchial tubes in moments of stress, The parasympathetic nervous system, also referred to as the craniosacral system, features ganalia in the midbrain in the medulla oblongata, and in the sacral region. ‘The fist two, the cranial ganglia of the parasympathetic system, give pass impulses to the facial, oculomotor, Slossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves, The sacral group of parasympathetic nerves originate atthe Second, third, and fourth vertebrae and extend nerves tothe bladder, the distal colon, the rectum, and the genitals. The nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system are responsible for Conserving and restoring energy in the body following a sympathetic response to stressLungs The lungs are the two sponge-like sacs which expand with diaphragmatic contraction to admit air, and which house the alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion regenerates blood cells. Oxygen poor blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through the pulmonary artery. This artery splits to go to each lung, subdividing into arterioles and metarterioles deep within the ung tissue. These metarterioles lead to networks of smaller vessels, called capillaries, which pass through the alveolar surface. The blood diffuses waste carbon dioxide through the ‘membranous wall of the alveoli and takes up oxygen from the air within. The regenerated blood is then sent to metavenules and venules which are tributaries to the pulmonary vein. This vein takes the regenerated blood back to the heart to be pumped throughout the body for nourishment of its cells. A number of terms are used to refer to lung capacity: tidal air, complemental air, supplemental (reserve) air, vital capacity, residual air, minimal air, and total lung capacity. Each of these terms refers to a different aspect of the lung's air capacity. Total lung capacity refers to all of the air which can be exhaled from the lungs, plus any residual air left in the lung's chambers. One can never completely exhale all of the air from the lungs, as this would require the lungs, the bronchi, and the bronchioles to collapse. Even then, some air remains in the alveoli, and this is called the minimal air. The maximum air which can be exhaled is called the vital capacity {about a gallon, or just under four liters, on average), with the residual air being what is left in the lungs (a quart, or liter, on average). ‘The total lung capacity, therefore, is about five quarts (just under five liters) of air. Tidal air is that air inhaled and exhaled in normal respiration (about a pint, or half of a liter). Following a normal expiration, the amount of air taken in by the deepest inhalation possible is referred to the complemental air, and amounts to about three quarts (just under three liters). Following a normal inspiration, the amount of air expelled by the greatest exhalation possible is called the supplemental, or reserve, air, and amounts to about a quart Gust under a liter) of air. Diseases and disorders of the lungs, such as tobacco-induced Jung disease, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma, can drastically diminish the capacity of the lungs.‘Target Areas TOP OF HEAD SHOULDER. d FRONT OF SHOULDER MUSCLE NIPPLE eon NERVE HEART DIAPHRAGH ruomtne ABOOMEN BELOW NAVEL Ibs onc SKULL KNEE BACK OF NECK INSIOE OF THIGHS Sra SPINE KIONEY ‘ScIATIC NERVE HAMSTRING © vmaLponts cate © Neave rowrs ACHILLES TENDONCLOSE-UP OF HEAD TOP OF HEAD, TEMPLE BACK OF EAR AND | FOREHEAD BASE OF SKULL Nose SUPRASCAPULAR NERVES UNDER THE NOSE HIGH SECTION ‘cuit COLLARBONE FRONT OF MIDDLE SHOULDER MUSCLE CAROTIDARTERY THROAT SECTION aicers FOREARM MUSCLE pack oF HAND © vital poInts Low OUTSIDE OF THIGH SECTION @ Nerve Ponts: CALF ANKLE,Personal WeaponsHeavy Bags and Striking Equipment: This equipment is highly recommended to enhance training. Padded striking surfaces allows the soldier to develop penetrating power and targeting skills in his strikes.Ready position: Feet are positioned shoulder’s width apart, toe to heel with the strong side (dominant hand) to the rear. Feet should be oriented towards 2 0” clock and the lead shoulder should be oriented towards the opponents lead shoulder. Elbows should rest against the ribs and the hands should be aligned with the checks of the face. 60% of the bodies weight should rest on the lead leg and 60% of that should rest on the balls of the feet. This weight distribution and stance allows for better mobility and increased reaction time, Standing flat footed on the heels is discouraged for the following reasons; 1. In order for the legs to mobilize, the body must shift its weight forward on to the balls of the feet anyway. Note that professional athletes such as baseball, football, basketball and tennis players who rely on mobility and speed, all assume stances on the balls of their feet. 2. By balancing most of the body weight on the heels, the ability to dampen the impact from strikes is diminished. This is because the shock absorbing effect from the heels being slightly elevated and the ability to move and “ride-out” strikes is no longer feasible, This ready position, which resembles an American Boxing stance, allows for excellent lateral, forward and backwards mobility. It reduces the profile of the torso and does not expose the mid-line to an opponent ( see diagram ) and it allows the fighter to maximize striking power. The elbows and forearms must remain close to the body and the hands along the side of the cheeks. The forearms will act as a shield for the area between the shoulders down to the waist. By rotating the arms at the shoulders, coverage can be provided to most of the torso area without dropping the hands and exposing the face. If possible all strikes to the body should be blocked by the forearms, and all strikes to the face should be blocked by the hands,Blocking strikes to the face should be done with the hands. Hands should be held in a semi relaxed position high along the side of the face. In this position the hands provide a shield. Although they cannot completely stop a blow to the face they can deflect and dissipate enough of the energy to prevent any substantial amount of damage. Try to avoid reaching with the hands to intercept a strike, to do this could be calamitous. Any time your hands or elbows travel away from the body, you compromise your defense and can be hit by follow up techniques Much emphasis should be placed on the protection of the head and neck areas from any strikes. A strike ( punch, kick, head butt elbow strike, ete. ) can momentarily or permanently disable a man. Even a grazing punch can snap the head enough to inflict a concussion. Speed is power! Concussions are the result of the brain colliding with the inside of the skull (cou) and sometimes rebounding to the other side of the skull (counter cou), with enough force to bruise and cause bleeding in the brain tissue. The result is usually loss of equilibrium, disorientation, loss of motor control unconsiousnes and sometimes death,Violent rotation and impact to the head are not the only means of creating unconsciousness. Frontal strikes to the chin can pinch nerves between the mandible and the neck stunning the brain. ‘Now that a standing base to fight from has been established, we must be able to move “In Base” without losing our balance or compromising our offensive and defensive posture. To move laterally, lead with the foot that is closest to the direction of intended movement. Step with that foot just enough to cover distance and not spread your base so far that you sacrifice power and balance. After the lead foot is placed down, drag the trailing foot into its proper position. Do the same for all directions and insure that the legs do not cross or come together so closely that the width of the base is decreased Basic Offensive and Defensive Punches: Punching is a long range technique that can be used for many purposes to include distance estimation (ranging), distracting, defending and disabling. Punches should be thrown with the hands coiled into a fist Offensive punches are thrown as the body moves toward the intended target. Defensive punches are thrown when the body, particularly the base, is in a static position or moving away from the opponent. Note; You will expend twice as much energy and absorb more impact moving backwards than forward, Lead Side Straight Punch (Jab): Is used to gauge distance and set-up the strong/back hand (combination), When thrown defensively, the fist is pushed straight forward, rotating the hand and thumb inward, looking over and striking with the knuckles. of the index and the middle finger. Insure the thumb is tucked under the fist, just as if you were grasping a rope. Thumbs protruding outward or placed on the outside of the index finger are susceptible to injury. When throwing this punch it does not always have to make contact, Sometimes the punch is thrown to check our distance, The rule of the thumb is; to keep the opponent about two inches outside of the lead hand, because if we are close enough to touch him, then he is close enough to hit us.‘Turing over the punch on delivery has numerous benefits. The rotation of the ‘arm raises the shoulders up and protects the neck and chin, It locks out the elbow and helps facilitate penetration, and rotation of the fist upon impact creates a cork screw effect which tends to tear tissue When recoiling the punch, the elbow and fist should travel the same line in return as in the extension. The elbow and forearm should come back to rest on the torso and the hhands should return directly back to their original ready position along the cheeks. Never allow the hands to dip downward in a semi circle back to the face. The shortest and fastest distance between two points is a straight line, Any deviation will leave you unnecessarily exposed. Offensive Lead Side Straight Punch (Jab): An offensive Jab is different from the defensive Jab only in that we are moving into our opponent. When Jabbing, step forward simultaneously with the lead leg, approximately two to six inches, This will close the gap, assuming that our distance was maintained, and put power into the punch. As soon as impact is made, step back out traveling the same distance at a slight angle, 10 insure that we clear any counter strikes from our opponent, Strong Side Straight Punch (Straight Right or Left): When throwing this Punch from a defensive posture, the same principles apply as if throwing a defensive Jab (rotation of the arm, locking the elbow etc.). Unlike a Jab, this punch is a power strike, It is not meant for ranging and generally should not be used to lead in other strikes. Power for this punches is generated from the feet and rotation of the hip. To effect this punch; from the Ready Position throw the strong side (rear) punch and simultaneously kick the strong side ankle up and out vigorously keeping the balls of the feet planted and pivoting. This action rotates the hips and the strong side shoulder forward. This action should mimic the action of reaching with the strong hand as far out as possible and pulling a rope.Head Injury : Skull Fracture and Concussion Head injury remains a significant cause of death in patients who are victims of multiple trauma (e.g. motor vehicle accidents). Several distinct types of head injury can be identified. * HEAD CONTUSION - This refers to a soft tissue injury (bruise) that does not involve the skull or brain. Bleeding from scalp lacerations can be controlled with a pressure dressing or direct pressure [with a clean cloth or gauze]. See lacerations in the INJURY FILE after reviewing this section * CONCUSSION - This refers to a specific clinical diagnosis where loss of consciousness, amnesia, seizure, or some combination of these conditions are present in the patient's history. This is often referred to as a brain contusion, * SKULL FRACTURE - This refers to an actual break in the bones of the skull. Patients with a skull fracture will most often have an area of localized swelling and tenderness. Children under the age of 2 years can sustain a skull fracture (from a head injury) and have little or no evidence on physical ‘examination of the head. In this special case, skull x-rays are performed so skull fracture will not be overlooked. * EPIDURAL HEMATOMA and SUBDURAL HEMATOMA - These refer to specific areas of intracranial (inside the skull) bleeding. A heavy, layered sheath covers the outside of the brain, known as the dura mater. Bleeding may occur and accumulate under the dura (subdural hematoma), or outside of the dura (epidural hematoma). Both conditions require IMMEDIATE Neurosurgical intervention. Subdural hematomas occur most often from falls, but child abuse (shaken baby syndrome) can also be an important cause. Another form of intracranial bleeding, secondary to head injury, is known as subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is very important to recognize the factors which determine the severity of a head injury. * FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SERIOUS HEAD INJURY * 1, LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS - This last anywhere from 2 to 10 minutes, on average. 2. AMNESIA - This refers to an inability to remember events prior to or just after the head injury ("How did | get to the hospital?"). 3. SEIZURES - Convulsions after a head injuries are common. 4, CONFUSION - The patient is not his or her "normal" self. These patients tend to keep asking the ‘same questions over and over, despite your answering them several times. 5. NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT - This may occur may as a paralysis to one side of the body, difficulty with balance (walking), coma, or unequally dilated pupils. This is an indicator of severe injury and increases the likelihood of EPIDURAL, or SUBDURAL HEMATOMA. The above represent symptoms of SERIOUS head injury. There are also several other COMMON SYMPTOMS that are seen in most head injuries: nausea with vomiting, giddiness, and sleepiness. Evaluation will include a careful history for any of the serious symptoms of head injury. Physical VFexamination may reveal tenderness to palpation, swelling, deformity, or crepitation to the scalp. The finding of blood or clear fluid coming from an ear canal or nose, can also indicate skull fracture. Bilateral "black eyes’, or a discolored bruise behind the ear can also indicate fracture. Examination for associated neck injury is also important. Patients with suspected skull fractures will require skull x- rays. CT-scanning of the brain will be reserved for patients exhibiting any of the SERIOUS features of head injury, or in those with fractures demonstrated by skull x-rays. CT-scanning allows the doctor to. "see" the brain itself and judge the extent of brain damage. Many times, the decision to operate is made on the findings of these important studies. * In conclusion, the majority of patients WITHOUT ANY of the serious features of head injury, or important clinical exam findings, do well with close observation, GUIDELINES FOR THE HEAD INJURED IN THE FIRST 24 HOURS * Checkups each hour for "normal" behavior. * Checkups each hour to make sure the patient can be easily awakened. * Observation of the patient's ability to walk or maintain balance. * Observation for nausea and vomiting (dehydration). * Observation of patient's ability to converse normally and move all 4 extremities. In most cases acetaminophen or an anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen) will be adequate for pain. Avoidance of alcohol, sedatives, sleeping pills, or narcotic pain medicines is strongly advised. The effects of these agents can mask the symptoms of a serious head injury. ALL HEAD INJURED PATIENTS REQUIRE PHYSICIAN EVALUATIONStunning techniques and target areas: Attacking the nervous system gives the soldier another means of disabling an adversary with a substantial margin for error. The body is inundated with neuro pathways (Motor Nerves). These neuro pathways act as power lines that relay electrical impulses from the brain that innervate the muscle groups required to physically carry out a task. If continuity of these “power lines” is disrupted, than the source of power for muscles to operate is temporarily lost. This principal applies primarily to the arms and legs (refer to diagrams). In order to create unconsciousness, nerves in the neck (Brachial Plexus) are the principal target areas. By attacking the Brachial Plexus Nerves, the brain is over stimulated from a pain response and will tend to go into shock. A typical response to a Brachial stun is usually dizziness and a slight loss of equilibrium. In sever cases the victim will be rendered unconscious any where from 5 seconds to 20 minutes, Because these Motor Nerves are generally linear and run the length of the limbs, they are easily attacked by perpendicular strikes such as a forearm strikes, round kicks, knife hand strikes, batons etc, The key to effectively achieve the desired effects is not so much in the targeting since the target areas are easily identified and accessible, but rather in the delivery of the strike itself. It is not enough to strike the target and withdraw the offending weapon. In order to achieve maximum effect, the striking weapon should be delivered with the intent of penetrating through the target. Adherence to this principal will insure all forward momentum and power will be transferred into the body tissue and delivered to the nerves, Strike Motor Nerves with the intent of exiting the target area on the other side.oe eee a [=] [= Neurons ‘Neurons are the basic cells of the nervous system, These nerve cells are responsible for receiving and transmitting nerve impulses and forming long fibers by linking together. They consist of a cell body, which contains a nucleus, with one or more axons and dendrites extending from the body. The dendrites are the multi-branched portions which receive impulses, while the axons are the elongated structures which carry the impulse away from the body of the cell. Clustered neurons are grey, though some nerve cells are covered with a white myelin sheath. ‘This accounts for the grey and white matter in the brain and spinal cord. Neurons transmit their impulses across nerve connections (synapses) using a neurotransmitter chemical, such as acetylcholine, They may be unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar, depending upon which directions the impulses are carried (characteristics based upon the structure of the neuron) Billions of neurons are located in the body's nervous system and they are so efficient that a nerve impulse (of pain, for example) can be transmitted from the hand to the brain and back again to allow a reflex movement in a fraction of a second.Nerve-Muscle Interface ‘The nerve-muscle junction features a connection, or synapse, between an axon terminal and a group of muscle fibers. A space between the neural and muscular tissue is called the synaptic space. When a nerve impulse is transmitted to the axon terminal, it causes a chemical (neurotransmitter) to be released from small sacs, called synaptic vesicles, within the terminal, or knob. The neurotransmitter causes sodium ions to be transferred to the muscle fibers which, in tur, contract. The neurons are covered by an insulating, lipid-based coating, called the myelin sheath, which prevents stray neural signals from passing to other neurons or to other tissues. 2)0 0 sss | a fa | Radial Nerve ‘The radial (radialis) nerves branch off of the spinal cord between the fifth cervical and the first thoracic vertebrae. They extend down the arm to the forearm, hand, and fingers. RADIAL NERVE, BRACHIAL PLEXUS NERVE Brachial Plexus The term "plexus" refers to a network of nerves or blood vessels. The nervous system features a number of these networks, where autonomic and voluntary nerve fibers join together. These networks include the brachial plexus (shoulder), the cervical plexus (neck), the coccygeal plexus (cocoyx), and sacral or lumbosacral plexus (lower back).Median Nerve: The median nerve originates in the upper spinal cord, between the sixth cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. They extend down thew arm to the hand, palm, and fingers. MEDIAN NERVE 0 eo aanMandibular Angle Hypoglossal Nerve Brachial Plexus (Origin) Infra-Orbital Nerve Jugular Notch Brachial Plexus (Clavical Notch) Brachial Plexus (Tie-in a Radiel Nerve Median Nerve Femoral Nerve PRESSURE POINTS Common Peroneal Nerve (Rear) Tibial Nerve (Rear) VULNERABLE AREAS MID-LINE ~) EARS | |-tastoinerocess t NECK \ \\ SHOULDER, NS ELBOW MoUs exes ¢F)_tesmes NOSE Ey BRIDGE OF NOSE Ye SHIN Sa ues \ HEART ZV sotaneuexs SQ spine THOME TaIL BONE 4Open Hand (Palm Heel) Strike: Open hand strikes are thrown the same as. punches except that the fingers are retracted as far as possible exposing the palms of the heel which become the striking surface of the hand. In order to effectively throw these strikes without hyper-extending the fingers, the elbows must remain slightly bent on contact, eeeElbow/Forearm Strikes: The striking surface is the ulna and elbow of the forearms. When striking, rotate the hands with the palms out. This aids in exposing the bone in the forearm and prevents making contact with the soft fleshy extensor muscles The angle of attack from the front of the target, is primarily outside to inside and thrown using the same mechanics as throwing a punch (rotating). If the target is behind you, in the case where your opponent has grabbed you from behind, swing the forearms and strike with elbows. Target areas are all parts of the body to include the skull, thighs and the torso, The forearm strike is considered the most powerful strike that can be thrown, Eiken 2eéKICKING: Gives the soldier two more weapons at his disposal to disable an opponent, provided that he uses the proper techniques. However, some kicks as impressive as they look are not very practical, For the combat soldier who is outfitted with load bearing equipment, combat boots and may be physically stressed from marching or fighting may not be limber enough to execute a stylish side kick to the oppositions head. Besides, even if he was physically capable to this, it probably would not be a prudent act. For the average soldier who does not have a lot of time or ambition to stretch and practice throwing head level kicks, three basic low level kicks that can be utilized with out much practice will be addressed. From the ready position either leg can be utilized. It is important to note that kicking techniques should be preempted with a distraction that is oriented towards the upper body. A distraction technique will momentarily pre-occupy the opposition by directing his attention away from the actual offending weapon or technique. While he is defending from what is perceived as the threat, unwittingly he will almost always leave himself exposed. ‘When executing a kicking technique, the same principles as striking with the arms apply with a few exceptions. The power of a kick, although powerful in itself, is derived from the rotation of the body which is achieved by rotating on the base/non-kicking leg and opening up the hip. The exception to this rule is when applying a frontal snap kick or frontal thrust kick. Round Kicks: A Round kick can be delivered with either leg, However, this kick is most effective when executed with the back leg. From the ready position, lead with a distraction to the upper body or head, an offensive lead side Jab’strong side straight right is very affective. Rotate the body aggressively on the base leg and pick up the back leg as if stepping over a log. The striking angle should be any where from 45-90 degrees and directed towards the inside and outside of the thighs. The lower 6 inches of the shinbone should be the striking surface of the leg delivering the strike. eFaa oa a ese ee | Common Peroneal Nerve: The peroneal nerves include the common (peroneus communis), superficial (peroneus superficialis), and deep peroneal (peroneus profundus) nerves, Originating in the sciatic nerves, which branch off of the spinal cord between the fourth lumbar and third sacral vertebrae, these nerves extend to the calf muscles, the skin of the top of the foot, and the toes, COMMON PERONEAL Femoral Nerve: The femoral nerves branch off of the spinal cord between the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae, They extend down the leg to innervate the muscles and skin of the leg, including the thigh, knee, part of the calf, the ankle and the foot. 23Front Snap Kick: The front Snap Kick is best delivered utilizing the lead leg. This kick does not require body momentum for power because of the angle of attack and the sensitivity of the target. To use this kick, raise the leg so that the thigh is horizontal to the ground. Maintain balance with the base leg, and extend the kicking leg at the knee into the intended target. This kick is best suited for groin and bladder strikes. ee a a 24Front Thrust Kick: The front thrust kick can be applied using either the front or back leg particularly when the hands are full i.e. when carrying a weapon. The power for this kick is generated by the forward movement of the body and the "thrusting" action of the leg. To apply this kick, raise the knee as high as possible up into the chest, push the leg down and outward as if stomping on an object to the front. Target areas are the knees, thighs, bladder, abdomen, spine, chest and face. BoKnee Strikes: When applying knee strikes, attempt to grab the opponent in order to stabilize and keep him from avoiding the strike. All areas on the body are viable targets, however bent knees and elbows should be avoiding because they can have a reciprocal affect. 3tHead Butts: When used correctly, can be very effective. This technique is used primarily to attack the opponents facial area and the head below the crown of the skull. To apply this technique, strike with the left or right side of the forehead, about two inches above the eye brow approximately where the curvature of the forehead begins. Insure the back of the neck is straight, chin is down, eyes must be open to prevent loss of equilibrium, and bend the torso at the waist to deliver the strike. To avoid personal injury, refrain from whipping the head at the target. BeFalls Laying Side Fall: Is a training exercise used to teach the basic movements for executing a Side Fall WARNING: To prevent injury during falls, itis important to exhale upon impact with the ground, 33Forward Fall: ster WARNING: To prevent injury during falls, itis important to exhale upon impact with the ground,Rear Fall: WARNING: To prevent injury during falls, it is important to exhale upon impact with the ground. 35Mounted position: 80-90 percent of all fights end up with both combatants on the ground. This is usually the norm and not the exception unless at least one of the two has some skill in fighting on his feet. Grappling is not a preferred method of fighting because it leaves the combatants vulnerable to attack from another standing opponent. However it is prudent that one know how to protect himself should he find himself in this position, The mounted position is attained by positioning yourself on your opponent by sitting on his chest, straddling him as if riding a horse. Hook the heels of the feet under tie opposition’s buttocks or legs if possible, Spread the arms in a wide base and attempt to ride up on the chest. From this position strike the face until your opponent attempts to role over to protect himself. This is a natural tendency, because there is no other effective way to protect oneself in this position. Allow the person to role over, and when the back is exposed, a choke hold can be applied. If your opponent does not role, or if there is not enough time to soften him up with blows, an arm bar or frontal choke can be applied Escaping the Mounted Position: If you find yourself on your back with an opponent in the mounted position, you must immediately effect an escape or maneuver yourself into a tactically superior position such as the guard, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. To escape the mount: 1. Reach up and pull your opponent down to you by grabbing his clothes, shirt, hair etc, 2. Hold him in close around the neck as if hugging him, this will neutralize his ability to effectively strike you, 3. Determine the direction that you want to roll. 4, Simultaneously place your foot on the outside of his leg, and on the same side pin his arm in close to your body. This will hinder him from reaching out and bracing himself on one side when you roll him off. Insure that your other leg is in between his and not on the outside of his other foot. 5. Raise your hips as if bridging, and your opponent will naturally role to the side that is void of support, The momentum will easily carry you over to the mounted position. 6. If your opponent is choking you from the mounted position; trap one foot/eg, reach and secure the arm above the elbow with your same side arm that is on the same side as the blocked foot. With your opposite hand reach across and grab his wrist (knuckles and thumb on top) and bridge out.Escaping the Mounted Position cont. Secure wrist with the left hand. Grasp above the elbow with the right hand and simultaneously place the right foot on the out side of the opponents left leg. Raise hips tipping the opponent forward. Do not push him over, allow leverage and gravity to aid in the execution of this movement, 3tEscaping the Mounted Position (Punches Thrown) cont. Insure that the attacker is positioned on the hips and not on the upper torso area Raise hips and tip the attacker forward and simultaneousely trap the same side arm and leg, Front View (note hand placement) 38The Guard Position: The guard position is assumed when you find yourself on your back and escaping is not feasible. ‘This position affords you the best opportunity to control and protect yourself from your opponent. 1. Wrap your legs around the waist of the opposition. 2. Pull him in closely around the neck as if to hug him. 3. Ihe will not allow you to hold him in close and he is attempting to strike you; keep your legs wrapped around him, straighten the legs and arch the back. This maneuver will keep him out of striking range and allow you to control his movement. 304 LEN Te eae ae Secure the right arm by grasping the oppositions wrist with the left hand. Secure the right side triceps with the right hand. Place the left knee under the torso as much as feasible and place the right leg on the ground. Simultaneously sweep with the right leg, extend the left leg below the knee and control the right arm. 1d)‘The Guard Position: The guard position is assumed when you find yourself on your back and escaping is not feasible. This position affords you the best opportunity to control and protect yourself from your opponent. 1. Wrap your legs around the waist of the opposition. 2. Pull him in closely around the neck as if to hug him. 3. Ifhe will not allow you to hold him in close and he is attempting to strike you; keep your legs wrapped around him, straighten the legs and arch the back. This maneuver will keep him out of striking range and allow you to control his movement. Escaping in the Guard Position: 1, While holding your opponent in the guard, grab his right arm and pull it across to the right side of your chest, Insure your left side hand grasps his right arm above the elbow and your right hand maintains control of his wrist 2. Place your right knee under is hip with your foot to the outside of his body. 3. Place your left leg flat on the ground alongside of his right knee/leg 4. Slide your hips out to the right side as far as possible. 5. Simultaneously pull on the arm, push with the right leg extending it at the knee and tripping his right leg by sweeping your left leg under his body. 6. Reverse the procedures to escape to the right. 4Japanese Arm Bar from the Mounted Position: Place the right hand over the opponents left arm pacing the right hand on the chest. Place the left arm behind his right arm placing it on the chest next to your other hand. degrees, ‘Trap the opponents arm, securing the wrist and pulling it into your chest. Insure the thumb is pointed upward and the opponents elbow is resting on your pelvic area which will act, as a fulerum. Use the legs to pin his upper body to the ground, Raise the hips and hyper-extend. his arm, 42Anaconda Choke from the Guard: ‘Maintain the opponent in a close guard position. Place your right forearm across the back of your opponents neck as if squeezing it. With your right hand, grab the inside of your left BDU sleeve. Slide your left hand under the your opponents chin, along the throat up to his left ear Slide your legs high up on to his hips and lock them down firmly by crossing the weeEe ankles. 6. Simultaneously arch your back, straighten out your legs and attempt to straighten out your arms creating a scissors effect. 7. Maintain this action until your opponent slips into unconsciousness.Respiratory Choke: This choke is applied the same way as the Carotid Choke except that the forearm is placed against the trachea as opposed to the crook of the elbow. This is a very lethal technique and should be practiced cautiously and used only when necessary. 44Carotid Choke: This choke will effectively render a person unconscious in 5-15 seconds by interrupting the blood flow in the carotid arteries to the brain. 1, From the back side of your opponent, slip your right forearm under his chin until the crook of your elbow is directly under the chin with the trachea wedged in between the forearm and biceps, 2. Grasp your left biceps with your right hand. 3, Sweep your left hand over his head as if combing his hair and place it on the back of his head applying slight pressure. 4. Tuck your head to the left in order to protect your eyes. 5. Inhale and flex the arms and chest, particularly the right arm. usCounter to a Rear Strangle Hold: 1. As soon as one realizes that a Rear Strangle Hold is being applied, immediately drop and tuck the chin, 2, Reach up with both hands and grasp the forearm. 3. Spread and bend the legs so that the attacker must suspend your weight. Note; It is virtually impossible for someone to hold up a person up and simultaneously apply a choke. 4. Keeping your legs spread in a wide base, pivot to the attackers back, toward the side that the arm that is applying the choke is on. 5. Once you are turned facing the opposite direction of the attacker, step behind his leg and simultaneously bend over and drive him to the ground. HieGuillotine Choke Counter: 1. Reach and grab the arm by the wrist that is around the neck using the same side hand. 2. With the free arm, reach over your opponents shoulder and apply slight downward GRAB WRIST DRAPE ARM OVER SHOULDER ar‘The arteries of the head and neck bring a continuous supply of nutrients and oxygen to each of the cells in the region. At the same time, the veins of the head and neck remove carbon, dioxide and other waste materials produced by the cells. Blood also carries hormonal messengers to the cells. The movement of the blood through the vessels of the head and neck, as ‘well as all other regions of the body, is induced by the heart. The heart is the vital pump that maintains circulation through the body. By applying pressure on both sides of the neck through the use of a Carotid choke, unconsciousness can be achieved by denying the brain oxygen, in approximately 5-15 seconds, 48Search Techniques: Search techniques have been designed to give you a margin of safety. The following techniques can be used if you are by yourself. Each technique has its purpose and place. The more familiar you are with the techniques the faster you will be able to conduct the search, Use these techniques as a guide and modify as necessary. 44~ STANDING MODIFIED 1. Goals 3 a. To search the subject's body. b. To maintain a great degree of control and advantage over a subject c. Aids a short person when searching a tall subject. 2. Method A.- Direct subject in to proper position by using simple terms Hands above head. Face subject away from you. Inter-lock fingers behind head. Spread legs. B. Making physical contact.- Grasp subject's fingers to gain control of hands. Holster your weapon and snap safety strap. Free hand pushes subject's hip forward, simultaneously pull the upper torso back to break balance. Your hip or thigh against subject's leg so you are perpendicular with subject. C. Searching, If searching the subject's right side, you right leg is forward and your right hand will do the searching, Quick systematic search Feel with finger tip, do not pat. 1 Quick systematic search. J Begin at front of waist. Croteh area, From the waist work up to the chest area. From the shoulder down the outer arm. From the wrist, up the inner arm to the armpit Down the side of the body. Top of back to the small of the back. | Back waist line Buttocks (rear pocket). Step away from subject while holding fingers and search leg. D. Switch sides and search, Switch fingergrip. Free hand keeps tension on small of subject's back. Change your leg position. Search other side.PRONE FLEX-CUFFING AND SEARCH TECHNIQUES 1. Goals. ‘A, To control and search a subject that may be armed and dangerous. B. Gives you the greatest margin of safety and advantage over a subject. C. Best control over multiple subjects. 2. Method. A. Your position. Weapon drawn and close to your body. Maintain proper distance and if possible, takecover. Point with free hand, not with weapon. B. Direct subject into proper position by using simple terms. Hands above head. Down on knees. Hands on ground in front of subject. Extend legs to rear- flat on stomach. Cross legs(ankles). C. Approaching. Slightly to the side. Cover subject with weapon. Don't step between subject's arms. D. Placing Wrist-Lock on subiect. Place thumb into webbing, palm over back of hand, fingers curling into palm. Raise hand and move subject's arm in a circle toward his/her side. Raise arm perpendicular angle with shoulder, take slack out of shoulder. Bend wrist, pointing fingers toward forearm. E. Position of flex-cuffing. Put weapon in holster and snap safety strap or sling weapon. Step over shoulder and around arm being controlled. Place knee on subject's lower back . If you are controlling subject's left hand with your left hand, your left knee is on subject's back. If controlling right hand, your right knee is on the subject's back Your elbow resting On leg. Maintain Twist-Lock control. Keep slack out. Keep subject's arm away from back. Your opposite knee should be up off the ground, foot forward Balance stance. 5\Goose Neck/Wrist-Lock : Is an excellent technique for controlling and escorting personnel that may be resistive and require physical contro, 1, Position yourself on the left side of the person to be controlled. | 2. Slide your right hand in between the subjects left am and body. 3. Pull back on the crook of the elbow with your right hand and simultaneously push. ' upward on his wrist with your left hand, creating a 90 degree bend in the arm. 4, Slide your right hand forward and grasp his left hand on top, With the middle finger of your hand apply downward pressure on his hand folding it down 90 degrees. 5. Insure that the subject elbow is trapped under your arm pit between your arm and body. ‘This will keep him from slipping the hold that you have established. 6. Pressure is applied to the wrist which will inflict a substantial amount of pain. 7. Reverse the sequence for the other arm. 8, If the person to be handled is sitting and refuses to cooperate, a distraction technique can i be applied in order to effect the technique; Slap the subject on the forehead (a second person can 1 assist you) and then immediately apply the Goose Neck. neeEdged Weapons: The most important thing to remember about knife fighting is don't! If one finds himself in a situation where he is faving an opponent who is armed with a knife, it is better, as cowardly as it seems, to escape and live to fight another day a little more prepared. However avoiding an engagement involving edged weapons is not always possible. Therefore, one should have some knowledge and skill enabling him to effectively deal with this situation. Secondly, it is a fact that both combatants will sustain wounds even if only one weapon is involved. Edged Weapon Ready Position: Is the same position as the unarmed ready position ‘The knife is held in the strong side hand to the rear. The knife is held in the hand with the blade protruding on the thumb side. The strong side elbow is held in close to the ribs. The blade is held high and oriented so that the blade is pointed directly at the oppositions eyes and moving in small circles making it difficult to focus on the blade. The weak hand is positioned so that the hand is held at eye level with the palm facing the face. The arm is extended away from the body at approximately 45 degrees with the elbows along the ribs and the forearms oriented outwards creating a natural shield. The forearms are intentionally exposed because they can sustain more damage from a knife wound than the soft, venous Flexor muscles on the inside of the arm. Additionally the Flexor muscles are needed to maintain a grip on the weapon. If they are cut than the ability to hold an object is lost. The weak side arm is also used to parry strikes and set up the strong hand. Ready position Cheek and Slash High Check (Thrust to Face) Cheek and Counter Thrust 53Cont, ‘Tear with inverted grip(carotid, jugular, spinal cord) Nose lift (septum) Slash Hair Snatch and Tear (inverted grip) SY‘Weapon Neutralization: Rifle Front Attack: 1, Raise hands into a ready position, Do not raise the hands higher than the head and hold them as far forward of your body as possible. 2. Face and square off to the opposition. 3, If the opposition is holding a rifle in his right hand pointed at the head or torso; rotate the body to the left pivoting on the balls of the feet, deoteasing the silhouette of the body, simultaneously pushing the barrel of the weapon to the outside with the palm of the right hand, 4. Scoop up under the barrel of the weapon with the crook of the left arm as if cradling it. Simultaneously slide the left hand down on top of the stock of the weapon. 5. Stepping in with the right leg, push down on the stock with the left hand and raise the barrel vigorously up and to the outside with the right hand, 6. Pivot 180 degrees and continuously apply pressure to the oppositions right side driving him to the ground. The takedown can be enhanced by tripping and head-butting. 7. Reverse the process if the weapon is in the other hand. 5SRoRifle Rear Attack: 1. Determine which hand the attacker is holding the weapon in. 2. Raise the hands no more than head high. 3. If the weapon is in the right hand, pivot on the right foot to the attackers left side stepping in simultaneously so that the barrel of the weapon extends beyond your body pointing in asafe direction. 4, Swing the left arm up and over the attackers right arm hooking and pulling the arm in tight to your side so as to maintain control. 5. With the free hand, attack the eyes with fingers, strike with the Palm Heel to the chin, step behind with the right leg and push with the right hand tripping the opponent, Insure that control of the weapon is always maintained Ss?CERTIFICATION STANDARDSAPPLY AND EXECUTE HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT TECHNIQUES CONDITIONS: Simulating a combat environment dressed in BDU’s and LBE, on a padded surface. utilizing a heavy bag or padded focus mitt, | assistant wearing BDU’s and LBE. STANDARDS: All necessary steps are performed to properly execute each technique. TRAINING/EVALUATION: Utilizing a Heavy Bay or an assistant holding a punching mitt/pad, have the soldier assume the first task (Ready Position). From the Ready Position soldier will demonstrate all punches IAW the guide. Upon completion of the Punching tasks the soldier will assume a position on his back with an assistant straddling him in a mounted position on his belly. Soldier will demonstrate the appropriate escape. Soldier will then assume a position on his back, wrapping his legs around an assistants waist (Guard Position), Soldier will demonstrate the proper escape. Finally, from a standing position soldier will demonstrate his ability to apply the remainder of the tasks.GO/NOGO Ready Post 1, Feet are positioned shoulders width apart, toe to heel with the strong ion side (dominant hand ) to the rear. 2. Feet are oriented towards 2 o’clock and the lead shoulder is oriented towards the opponents lead shoulder 3. Elbows rest against the ribs and the hands are aligned with the cheeks of the face. 4. 60% body weight resting on the lead leg and 60% of that rests on the balls of the feet. Defensive Lead Side Straight Punch |. Fist is pushed straight forward, rotating the hand and thumb inward, looking over and striking with the knuckles of the index and middle fingers. 2. Thumb is tucked under the fist, just as if grasping a rope. 3. Recoils the punch with the elbow and fist traveling the same line in return as in the extension. 4. The elbow and forearm come back to rest on the ribs and the hands return directly back to their original ready position along the cheeks of the face. Offensive Lead Side Straight Punch 1. Steps forward simultaneously with the lead leg and same side Straight Punch approximately two to six inches. 2. As soon as impact is made, steps back out traveling the same distance at another angle. 3. Recoils punch back to cheeks and rests elbows on rib cage.e Go/NoGO Defensive Strong Side Straight Punch (Straight Right or Left) 1 Throws the strong side (rear) punch and simultaneously kicks the strong side ankle up and out vigorously keeping the balls of the feet planted and pivoting. 2. Rotates the hips and the strong side shoulder forward. 3. Rotates fist inward, locks elbow fully extending the arm and rotating the shoulder up to protect the chin. Offensive Strong Side Straight Punch (Straight Left or Right) 1. Leads with an offensive Lead Side Punch or similar distraction. 2. After the lead leg moves forward and is planted, rear leg moves an equal distance forward, 3. As the rear foot touches down, the strong side punch is thrown and the heel of the foot is simultaneously kicked out. Soldier should rotate hips and shoulders maximizing his reach with the Strong Sidé Punch. Escaping from the Mounted Position 1. Reaches up and pulls his opponent down to him by grabbing his clothes, shirt, hair etc. 2. Holds him in close around the neck as if hugging him. 3. Simultaneously places his foot on the outside of his opponents leg, and ‘on the same side pins his opponents arm in close to his body 4, Insures that other leg is in between his opponents feet and not on the outside 5. Raises pelvis as if bridging, 6. The opponent rolls off from the mounted position.we GONOGO ‘The Guard Position and Escaping the Guard Position |. Wraps legs around the waist of the opposition. 2. Pulls him in closely around the neck as if to hug him. 3. Arches back and straightens legs, pushing the opposition out of striking range to the face. 4, Holds his opponent in the guard. 5. Grabs his opponents right arm and pulls it across to the right side of his chest. 6. Insures his left side hand grasps his opponents right arm above the elbow and his right hand maintains control of his opponents wrist. 7. Places his right knee under his opponents hip and Keeps his foot to the outside of his opponents body. 8, Places his left leg flat on the ground alongside of his opponents right knee/leg. 9. Slides hips out to the right side as far as possible, 10. Simultaneously pulls on the arm, pushes with the right leg extending it at the knee and tripping his opponents right leg by sweeping his left teg under his body. Note: Procedures can be reversed to escape to the right. Vascular Choke 1. From the back side of his opponent, slips your right forearm under opponents chin until the crook of his elbow is directly under the chin with the trachea wedged in between the forearm and biceps. 2. Grasps his left biceps with his right hand. 3. Sweeps his left hand over his opponents head as if combing the hair and placing it on the back of the head and applying slight pressure. 4, Tucks head to the left in order to protect your eyes.Go/NoGO 5. Inhales and flexes the arms and chest, particularly the right arm. Note: Reverse sequence for other arm. Counter to a Rear Choke 1. As soon as a rear choke is applied, immediately drops and tucks the chin. 2, Reaches up with both hands and grasps the forearm. 3. Spreads and bends the legs so that the attacker must suspend his weight. 4. Keeps his legs spread in a wide base, pivots to the attackers back. Moves to the same side that the arm applying the choke is on. 5. Once tured and facing the opposite direction of the attacker, steps behind his opponents leg and simultaneously bends over and drives him to the ground. Goose Neck/Wrist-Lock 1, Positions himself on the left side of the person to be controlled 2. Slides his right hand in between the subjects left arm and body 3. Pulls back on the crook of the elbow with his right hand and simultaneously pushes up on the subjects wrist with his left hand creating a 90 degree bend in the arm. 4, Slides his right hand forward and grasps the left hand on top, with the middle finger of his hand applies downward pressure on the subjects hand folding it down 90 degrees, 5, Insure that the subjects elbow is trapped under his arm pit (between the arm and body). 6. Pressure is applied to the wrist. 7. Reverse the sequence for the other arm.