COMPUTER: OK'S NAME: MY BOOK OF COMPUTER STUDIES (GOYAL, BROTHERS) “187 TERM TOPIC 1:- CHAPTER I- OPERATING SYSTEM TOPIC 2:- CHAPTER 2- FORMULAE AND FUNCTIONS IN MS- EXCEL CHAPTER 3- CHARTS IN EXCEL CHAPTER 4- ADVANCED FEATURES OF MS-EXCEL TOPIC 3:- CHAPTER 5- ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS ~ >, 2ND TERM TOPIC 4:- INTRODUCTION TO JAVA AND BLUEJ WITH BA- SIC PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS TOPIC 5:- CHAPTER 9- WORKING WITH APPS TOPIC 3:- CHAPTER 5- ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS (REVISION) “3RD TERM e TOPIC 4:- (O SCANNER CLASS IN JAVA AND i, INTRODUCTION T THEIR PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION TO JAVA AND BLUE-J WITH BASIC PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS (REVISION) » TOPIC 6:- CHAPTER 10- COMPUTER NETWORK cerarrup 11. CLOUD COMPUTINGTopic 4 : Program Coding Introduction to Java mming. Lo Program coding/ progral their naming rules introduction té Components of 2 program: identifiers, titerals (ike integer, real and string) Data types and the need for different Declaration and initialisation of variables ‘arithmetic operators (+7,"/,%), relational ‘assignment operator and its use data types (like int, char, float, etc) | and logical operators z language in an earlier clas of a compu: grammin} hh an original formulation et of instructions given to 2 © | You have already been introduced to Pro: programming) is a process by whic ble computer programs. A program is 2 © lar task. Student programming ( leads to execute perform particu Need for Programming f You must know that the computer has zero IQ. If you instruct the compute? 1 find HCF ill complain that it does not ‘understand what HCF is. Th in the computer the algorithm by w! the computer W Janguage comes in ha the computer 15, up front, programming ndy. By programming i fr calculated, you make capable of carrying out You have already learnt about algorithms. Algorithms are for humans, and written alme tll by computers. So, programming languas But human languages are not understood chat w so that the instructions can be executed by the computer on itself. Philosophy of Java Ei When you were taught Scratch, you were explained the Seyatch is quite simple and is meant more for visual output serious work that needs to be done, you must use some other langu Java is one such programming language. It was developed at Sun Microsystems by Ja 1991, Java language was developed a5 a part of a researcl ‘electronics devices like television sets, VCRs, toasters, and the other sorts of machines which you can Java was not the name by which the name of Java language was O' of the Sun-Microsystems later changed i the HCF process need for programming langus: t than any serious work. So, ii ge, TO eXPTESS yourself. os Gosling uy at any departmental store, h this language was first denoted. Initially, ak, However, the marketing department its name to JaviYOu prove tt More about Java, you should learn the Philosoph cramp nt in general, you are most interested in the methods by example, if you have to go tos and then hospit You can think of On whieh Sich you yi 2 chool as well as hospital you must decide oo al OF going to hospital and then school So, your main f more examples like this. Likes 1. Whether to watch 2. Whether to pl 3. Whether to tal atv Boi Boal is hoy TV and then do homework, or the other w, lay cricket or go to the market, He school bus oF have father leave you to school ete, There are a huge number of examples which can be programmed in an appropriate | wile getting to the logic that solves the problem seems most importa Philosophy, mainly. ay. i angug nt Java is NO a ct ed The programming languages where the logie stands out » are known as procedural Programmin Procedural Programming Bh Procedural Programming i main focus is on functions cxamples of procedural prog @ stepbystep programming performed through and the sequence to perform the function, rath ramming languages are C, COBOL, FORTRAN, { Object-Oriented Programming S&t Of instruction h er than on dag ete, The principal goal of Java is th the objects that do your work. Your father looks a certain way Hecof behavior. You also have a certain look oy have a certain set of behavior, Now: there are certain things you have to do, a * Going to school to study, <2 Watching cartoons on TV, * Studying for school exams, and so on. Your father needs to do some Programming) is to create objects as the output. Related to every objec at you first create Like your family. and has his own D Considered as ‘truly object-oriented because everything | 'S considered as an object | nd your father does not have to. Like, » the primary goal of COP (Object Ori Sract with each other or deliver their behav ene Certain data and certain set of methods (e Sntations of objects. The main focus of OO? on data rather than on function, x Giz: iS extensively used for creating web pages and scripts that run on web Pages. d_ programm Simula (Simulation of real system that was developed by researchers Gt the Norwegian Computing Center in the year 1960,pe pasic T ‘erms Related t fe. In life, consider ass and study the their names are type are mad the same cl same. SINCC, cts of the same fon based on which the obje They are in C1885 ne basic defini They all have the same books. Jass is the” A coe ents of your class. he aipjets under the same oy hers, However, they ate not the exact seen {in general), the marks they score are different and ‘heir school bags also look different. i sin all scudents have the same form put the values they possess are different. 01 lass 1 9 FOP of objects that share common propertics relationship and behaviors: Classes are an (neereant mechanism for classifying objects. In short, a class is @ collection of similar objects. it onjet ; i Gre parccular instance of 2 class which exists, is known as the obiect Class is just a remplate. Te is Syect that che program eranipulates and works on. Like, your family name, surname, is the class. You, ur brother OF sister are the objects of the class. Class in reality does not have any existence. But Tents occupy memory nnd OOP languages are based on them. + An object is an identifiable entity with some characteristics oF properties of its own. Tt may represent a student, an employee, an examination or any item. that closely resembles the objects of real world. ‘An object can be uniquely identified by its name and it defines a state which is defined by the values of its attributes at 2 particular time. cass Name Attrbutes Color Flavour ehaviours | Displav( ) object 1 object 2 eae name) STRAWBERRY MANGO Ta pepe |e Color : Yellow Color : Green Flavour : Sweet Flavour : Sweet Flavour : Sour Fig, 6.1 Classes and Objects as Color and Flavour, The objects Strawber Mango: Here, a class FRUIT has two properties given and Kiwi has the same properties but each has its own values, Methods Often, in most real life problems, the objects must run, interact of methods of the class are known the methods must also be written as part of the a Peel method, as peeling is required to eat a b many people slice an apple before eating it } Se ie oe one to exist is not enough. On top of that, Ce her oF be pf se algorithm, These processes, part 1 or fnetions, When drawing up the class definition, Fore mple, in a banana object, you tray have apple object might have a Slice method, as{ So, basically di ji ie ray different class objects have different methods related to ther a may have a method like Mix , or Se ™. For | Class vis Objects fi arate or Sieve, etc The difference between Class and Objects are given as, 1 f the common properties | 1. Of a set of objects ie A representation of the properticg . instance. os ———__ ‘iy 2 An objects part of datas progam o i = ___|__Bxample 1: Rahul, Anita “un Example 2: lee Age, Harty Potter a = of Fire oe Features of ¢ Object Oriented Programming (OOP) | The various features of OOP are given as. ® Ie binds the data and functions into a single unit called class, Interaction between objects takes place through functions Ir focuses on data rather than on functions. Ik divides the program into a number of objects. It is easier to add data and functions in a program’ whenever required. | Terms Related to OOP Some important terms related to OOP are : sy ei abstractiog The act of representing essential features without including the background details is known Cras For example, a person is watching # movie on the television, without knowing the background proc going on to telecast the movie. Encapsulation . The wrapping up of dara and functions into a single unit is known as encapsulation, re ve security to data. The data is hidden and cannot be accessed directly. To access/read the data, function has to be called through the objects. Polymorphism re than Be ee ability of a function to perform mes task. It means that a single function functioning in many ways depending upon the usage- Inheritance 1 The process by which objects of one clas acquire the properties of another class i called i | allows classes to share and reuse properties of another class. The advantage of inheritance is properties that we already have and thus enforces fast implementation time, © - oe. oe ed inhming Convention Ue of Java File § ‘4 Jose prostam must be contained in a file, The So, Aga » BCD-EFG java and Que _rtyjav got the extension) can contain alphabets, n le av ram ha . ile name of a Java program has the extension «i ava, ‘are valid file names for a Java program, he file nam umbers, scores and hyphens, ANOT start w mbers, underscores and hyphens. But it jot start with, gp number Components of a Java Program |) News we Will discuss the parts of a typical Java program: In Java, you cannot get any work done without creating objects. Apart from that, you must have t name of the class of the file as the same as tha " ene particular file name. with file name FirstTry.java can look like + So, a program in Jav } -- import java.io.* 2-- ¢ class F. 3-7 4-- public static void main(String[] args) 5 -- { ‘eles System.out.printin("My first try."); 7 -- } 8 --) as part of the file, Bur many Java IDEs, contains line numbers The line numbers will not be visible ile. as part of the editor that opens the Jav 1 -+ import java.io.*; Ir is used in Java to use readymade functions as part of Java. For It contains the import keyword. not defined for ourselves. You do not need example, the line number 6 contains a function we by eae it explicitly as it isa readymade function available as pare of Java and the fo folder, 2 -- public class FirstTry ins the keyword, public, The public keyword specifies that lass. First Try is the name of the class. Ir contains the line for class declaration. Ir cont sible. The class is the keyword thar defines the cl the class 3 -- ( Ie contains a single opening braces which stands for the beginning of the class. 4 -- public static void main(String[] args) ) method, which is an important method in Java. There can be a single main ‘The main method is the starting poine of execution of che application (or set single point of start of execution of the project. It contains the main0 method in a project. of programs). It is th 5 -- { Tr contains a si rngle opening braces, which stands for the beginning of the main() method.romero) % 6 = a System.out.printin ("My firet try.”); | Ht contains the method imported from java.io, that prints the text | Segue elon rates] dietonscariaa theres line ie, the text 7) The Prints and nevfing M denotes the closing of the maint) function. gy It denotes the closing of the class FirstTry, [Tokens J “2 ( Token is the smallest meaningful unit that is part of a Java Program. So, a clas the name of a method, the punctuators like (,, oF, are all tokens, § name, 1 [ay [aT] Drea [Keywords 9 Keywords are the reserved words in Java which have special meaning for the translator. Thee, cannot be used in any other way other than how Java intends for them to be used. Key written in lowercase letters. The list of keywords in Java are given below : abstract continue for new ae assert defaule goto | 5 boolean do if private - break double implements protected thie byte else import public case enum instanceof. | return catch extends int shor | char final interface static void ds fat in sete | wi const float mae tT super [sie even other Java components, The rules are := 1. The name should not start with a digit, 2, The name may start with either an alphabet, underscore of dollar sign. 3. The name must not be a keyword, 4. The identifier name must contain alphabets, numbers or underscores only. 3, The identifier name is case sensitive. So, from above rules you can conclude that abd, _a234, Myname are valid identifier names, Literals i : Literals are also called Constants. These are the values that do not change during the execution of program. Java supports various types of constants given as Integer Literals They consist of only a sequence of digits without any fractional parts. For example, 2, 5, 9, 213, 1527, etc. Three kinds of integer literals are Integer Decit literals, Octal Integer literals and Hexadecimal Integer literals. Real/Floating Literals They consist of numbers containing fractional part. For example, 56.45, 7584.77, 5.9, etc. Character Literals They consist of the single character which is enclosed within single quotes. For example, ‘M’, ‘q’, ‘h’, ete. String Literals They consist of group of characters which are enclosed within double quotes. For example, “Jaw: “Computer Science”, “Language”, etc. Boolean Literals They are represented by True or False. A Boolean literal is always of type Boolean. Null Literal It is represented as ‘\0’. It is given in Java program as a string terminator to mark the end of the string. Examples of constants : Mazmarks = 100; Empname Nunttax “sayan Banerjee"; You should be good at algorithms 500.00; and flowcharts to do any serious programming in java, I Punctuators i Punctuators are also known as separators. Java uses the following sej Brackets [ ] Parentheses ( ) Mors: (ss)HCE teem tt 5 Nhe cnmpier uses thes ns separates to evaluation within “ ile the code Hts segments, They can alg fon [| MH eNhwsion. Sopatots an abo ust ed ey lowical loc lei | Operators BH ar gh operator fa synabol that tlh wal hat tells the compiler to pertioray are: fee operators whicl ate teed ils coma of 0 j ave used for particular purpose whe cn a | PETIT Tis Thee et RMU DNS while company Java progruins, Teta } | als | Mathomatical Oporators These aperaors are 4 eTALORS abe Used to. Perform arithmetical oper i hel lal operations, te ation, subtraction son anal moxtalus (or remade operations, Of these only mols (or remade only on integers, Remaining ope ing et eta Pagal feteuers. Remaining operitors enn be wed with hak Integer and floating puta lowing table shows the various arithnetk: operate # Pein ey | ji Avithmetic Name of Deveription } Operators Operators i 7 | Hi, eee Addition Adds tw numbers | - Intrwed Subtract ovo numbers, HWE . Multiplication | Provides product of avo numbers, 7 Division Divides: numerutor by denominator 4 Modulus Provides vemulnder ulier an Integer division Relational Operators either true or fike These operitors are used 1 compare «wo values, These operators always ret according to the condition, ‘The following table shows the relational operators Relational Name of Deseription Examples Operator Operator (Let X- < [ese than Ie compares ewo values ana ruins tre lel vale] X's The above expresin will return tre Xey The ubove expresion will return crue fs loss than the right value, otherwise returns false, < Less than or equal | Ic compares two values and returns true ile value is loss thaw o equal to the right value, otherwise tet Tiss Greater than | le compares. awe vulues and seturns true Af left] YS X ag value tv yuenter than the right value, otherwise/ The above expres returns ul will return teuier nd returns (rue he right value, | The above will recurn (tc ¢ both | Xe" and returns true I returns false The above expression ecuurn false. expression Te compares two values value is greater ehan or ental (08 otherwise ret —-—~T Greater than or equal t0 Tr compares two value values are equal, otherw are not equal, otherwise > valties It returns true if returns false. The than one relational expression ad they also return re used to compare more dl operators. Ting to the condition. The following Table shows the logica accel Description Example one Lot X=20, Y=40 and Z = 100 ee mie if any one or all the] YX I] YZ The above expression erwise retut because one condition YoX G& YZ The above expression ‘one conditi Operators oR Ir returns 0 expressions false. Te returns crue if all the expressions are true, otherwise returns false. evaluates to truce are true, ott AND” because only oF 1 (¥> X && YZ) The above expression evaluates to true because the expression written in brackets state of its operand, Tt reverses the loy in is true, then Logical, ile., if a condition NOT operator will make it false. is returning false. ‘the operands. «The operators that are used with only one operand are called Unary operators. © The operaters that act upon two operands are called Binary operators. ene and Decrement operators Increment operator (++) is used to increment the value of a variable by 1 and decrement operat ( and er rator Jue of a variable by 1. In other words, a = a + 1 is the same as ++a and a++, is used to decrement the val Similarly, a = a 1 is the same as -- a and a ‘Assignment Operator The assignment 0 y operator ‘is used for assigning a val Themen peo 1 alue to a variable. This operator takes i and side and places it into the varia i ae eee ee e variable on its left hand side. « e it an 5; The above expression stores value 5 into m variable,Conditional Operator The condition, the conditional al operator is also operator is Conditional expre Ifthe ¢ of conditional expr Hebe ae Yon Mal exrresion i te then the expression L will he evalaty [[Precedence of Operators i Ho called t luate an expression, 2+ 3 * 4 swer quite certainly depends on what you do first, multiply first, the answer is 2+ 12or 14). If you add first, contusion as to what order of execution to use the addition or the multi leation, + the anwwer is S406 20) Now Parenthe * raise the preced to get the desited result, of the operators that are inside them, Parentheses ar ten nay The following table shows the preceden of operators from highest priority ¢o the lowest ong to fh operator to simplify and when Based on the above t you may decide wh [variables and Data Types in Java fj I Variables are the me computer memory, es i the du, name, id, ete. that are used to store valltes ust consist of a Data ‘Type and a Varial types are used with variables that tell the programmer what kind of ¢ two major data types in Java ~ Primitive Data ‘Types and Rete iningful name, like sum, ich variable ¢ Name. ue a variable can se nice Data Types.eee — e Data Types ive daca eyes come a offers eight primitive data types as gt a part of the language. Jav' ean data type with true/false. 16 bit singlecharacter daa SyPe- Shit length integer daca eype with 16 bit short integer data type with range ineeger data type with range -2° data type with range =2 to 28 = he with range up to 10”. to 10%. 32 bit single precisior 64 bit double precision floating poit pe with range UP. int dara_ d interfaces. peference Data TYPES peference dara sypes are constructed from primitive data eypes: TReSe a6 classes, arrays an Secniom is different from primitive dace OPS Their storage ™* [comments j Jide ways for programmers to Teave helpful noves reminders, oF ‘All modern programming languages Prov yments. Comments are not documentation within their source code. The: actually statements because they are skipped by the compiler and do not exist at runtime. Although the compiler ignores comments, the Java developer should nor ignore them. Java provides programmers with ce it appears outside of the comment's delimiters. de «of the comment's delimiters do not match up, a compilation se reminders are known as com xo separate ways to add res comments to their code, The ; : See eae Tf you forget to terminate a comment, strange results may a try to compile or run the program. to denote comments in Java. ‘appear when you Com = i eses ‘omment ml ____ Description | Te denotes single-line comment. It denotes single-line or multi-line comment. L Declaration and Initialisation of Variables i Each variable stores a value and ee ind it is stored in memory location(s). Variables ist be ecl fc they ae stn osrams afer declaration, the compiler obtains the ear ise east about the one of variable ‘eing declared. This declaration helps in all ee eae Section of warble const of nme Seopa ae ee 1e syntax of declaring a variable is as follows + meres Data - type variable - name + @Example where int, char, float are the keywords to represent data types After declaration, the next step ie to initio era ation: We can initilise the variable arate place where it is declared before their use. Vig Sriables declared can he assigned or initialised by using ean do declaration and initialis a variable. Assigning a value to a variable jy of anywhere in the pratt! ‘ation in the same line also a Data-twpe ‘ariable-name = Value : to 4 COO Operator Fig. 6.2 Initialisation of variat Iw this example, variable x of integer type has been assigned a value | Features of Java [7 Java possesses many fe \ 1. atures, some of them are as follows : Java is an object orie nnted_ programm 2. Java programs are both compiled is compiled by the compiler and converted into bytecodes. and runs each Java byte the computer, Compilation happens Just once; interpret: ‘exectited, # languave, and interpreted. Java code The interpreter parses code instruction on ation occurs each time the program is Source program, Java compiler Java bytecode F863. leva program translation 3. Java is platform independent, ie Linux, Stim Solaris, Mac/OS, et + Java bytecode can be run on mult AL It isa cases tiple platforms, like Windows, rc. “Sensitive language, It distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters. Java can be used to develop distri buted application across the network and the Internet.A « puter has zero IQ. .s are for humans, ramming languages are U ‘The com ‘Algorithm: Prog Java was de he principal and written almost in English. ed so that the instructions can be executed by the computer on itself veloped at Sun Microsystems by James Gosling in 1993. | goal of Java is that you first create the objects that do your work. Aciass is the basic definition based on which the objects of the same type are made. ‘The particular instance of a class which exists, is known as the object. Joken is the smallest meaningful unit that is part of Java program. Literals are also called constants. hat do not change during th logical, increment, decrement, relationa lly statements because they are skippe e execution of program. |, assignment and conditional operetors. .d by the compiler and do not exist at Comments are values tl Java has mathematical, | Comments are not actual runtime. Java is an object oriented programming language. See), KEW TERMS: Algorithm = ‘A step-wise solution ‘that when followed faithfully will lead to solution of some problem. Class ; The basic definition based on which objects of the same type are made. Object : The particular instance of a class which exists. Tokens : The smallest meaningful unit that is part of a Java program. Identifiers : Names of Java variables or functions or even other Java components. Literals or constants : These are the values that do not change during the execution of progrem. Operands : Values on which operators act. Multiple choice questions. 1, Who is called the “Father of Java language”? a. Vinod Khosla \be“James Gosling c. Sabeer Bhatia 2. The principal goal of Java is that you first create the that do your work. \acinethods b. interfaces c. objects 3. The logic output of the expression 1(2 > 3) is : a. True Ub. False . None of these @ @—- —s Which of the folowing 1s 3 type of operator in Lava? @ Tertiary Final © Conditions; 5. Which of the folowing is an ‘example of procedural language? a Coe b FORTRAN © Smattay 8. Fill in the blanks, ight Java string 1991 file ~ objects 1 ts the company where Jr was few developed 2 The file extension of a program in fs java, 3. The name of a Java identiier must not start with ' “Computer Science” is an example of a eral s. __O 3¥€ the values on which the operators act 6 Java was developed in the year 7 The particular instance of a cass which exit, i known at &. A Java program must be contained in 3. Uterals are also called 10. The conditional operator is also called © Write T for the True and F for the False statements, 1 The % sign in tava is used 10 express parts out of 100 2 The AND. logical operator 4s represented by & 3. The increment operator increases the variable value by 10 4 The operator tO measure the equality of values ©. only. 5 Assignment operator is = in daa, D. Match the columns. Column A 1 Examples of OOP languages : 2 ‘The onty Boolean iteralls) is/are i, 3 tn the expression 2 + 3.2 and 3 are j 4 (5) 8 (7227) reruns 3 valye 5. Data type doublelowing questions: tne (0 / sno gash bates Coe and object » oes ame Sen to the Java language? a Mot are ettods? 5 che saming convene” of identities in J9¥2? ie eampre of 24 AVE keywords in J2V2- 5 je example of anv eee vrring teats. 1s @ phone number 2 string literal or integer literal? eve oo ats ennrslton? 7 pn te er eran: «_panction base ste peri ae wating 9 computer PEST voindsotons to various problems on exacly SS types of data. Mey goose fr ts, proceaural oF OOF? ed on procedural programming: what language should know the name of any sn-level languages bas shaurya wants tO wo higt . ‘Answer his query. «pune. find and encircle 20 meaningful words in the following ™ma7°- see downwards, upwards, across and backward aye Rb Lo 8B un A mort Ir E R s% w v - v N ON: o aN) ie c N JA 1 (o- 2 ETD)Bluej ‘start Blue) compiling Create, oP2! Create, s2¥2, Know how to Movs pertorm simple calcul programs. § remove 2 class id olase a project he class icon ‘and execute open, copy 2m fe and resize © fation using code pad at (IDE) for the development of J el and it is also suitable for s am at Deakin University introduction |) hy Integrated Develo designed for teaching at an intros “Sesigned and implemented by the Blue} a erity of Kent at Canterbury, UK. edit, save, compile . Jpsite www. bluej.org. 3 or higher version before pment Environme! ductory lev Blue is #1 eis specifically jofnware development. Ir w alia, and the Univers ronment to create, Ie runs with ¢ installing Blue}. Melbourne, provides a programming mm. Ir can be freely t Toolkit) and requires envi downloaded from the wel IDK 1. Blue} Java prograt of JDK (Java Development Neuen eS University of Kent OR ACLE: _| Fig. 7.1 Starting screen of Blue} [Starting Blue} On Windows, first in ows, first install the Blue} progra 5 On Windom ft ital the Be rogram To start the Blue} , follow any Click the Start > All Programs — Blue} = Bluei OR : * Doubleclick the Blu ck the Bluc} ico Pe eels EQ if swaitabte on the desktor pears,. ~~ [Creating a New Project fj Bluej projects includes the fil les of a project. To create a new project, follow the given steps + i I. Click the Project menu New Project option. The 2. Provide the name 3. Click Crea New Project dialog box and location of the project. Peon te button. A ne project will be created. Fig. 7.3 Project menu {creating a New Class i As all the source code to write a program are written in ch is important to include a class in the project. Fig. 7.4 Specify the Project's fname and location What is a class in Java? lass, so it To create a new class in a project, fallow the given steps : 1. Click the Edit menu > New Class option or Click the New Class button on the toolhir I The Create New Class dialog box appears. 2. Choose the option “Class” and enter the name for the new class 3. Click the OK button. The class icon appears.Do remember the fellowing points while naming the class. + The class name must be a valid Jova identifier. Tt must be « word that consists of letters, digits end undersceres. + No spaces or other characters are allowed. agpen a clas” isthe e gen an editor to show the source of a class”. You can open ecise “Of vet ae Fae by using any one of the following methods. + Doubleclicking the Class icon FES OR + Rightclick the Class icon and select Open Editor option. The editor window opens up. To write your own program, firstly select all the text by pressing Crel+A keys and delete all the text. [compi jing a Class|) There are various ways co compile a particular class as given below To compile a class, press Ctrl + K keys, + Click Tools menu» Compile option in Editor window. OR + Click the Compile button in Editor window. OR + Click the Compile button on the toolbar from the main window. The class will be compiled and if an error is found it will be highlighted in che information area. After compilation, the class icon changes as shown in Fig. 7.11 KZA Fig. 7.10 Before compilation Fig. 7.11 After compilation save classes before compilation. They will be before compilation takes place if there were changes since the last save.if [Creating ‘Firsta Step- Step~ Step-3: — a ee [2cuting @ clase p After com, : matte? is to execute the class and to see the output of the Java Program, . > To execute the cl; Pilation, the n “Pew, ae 488, follow the given steps ; ] in. 1. Rightclick the Class icon | i, h and select the option ‘oid tnain oneal String] ares). The Metheat ( ‘all window appears me : ; hs 2 Glick OK button to run the method The Terminal window ce appears displaying the output of the program, 7 ~ Fig. 7.13 Method Call dialog box stApp’ Class in Bluej |) Ie Creating a Project Click Project menu New Project option. Give a name to the button, t and click Cp Creating a Class Click the Edit menu New Clas option, Write the class [ WL name as ‘FirstApp’ and class type as ‘Class’. Click OK. Enter Code Doubleclick the *FirstApp’ class icon and the editor window appears. Select all the tat delete it. Type the source code given below : class Firstapp { Public static void main(st { ring[] args) System.out.printin("My First s:~~ ml coe be automatically saved and ro compile the lass The file will first Be ayroms cally saved any son to compile the class Compile bu || be compiled. < wil menu. To run the main method, class icon to display the conten ass Executing the cl pightclick on the “FirstArP” Bek on void main(Stringl J anes) The Me’ shod Call dialog box appears. Click the OK burton Step-6: Ourput appears The Terminal window wi al window will open and displays the output of the program. ; fier 8] 2 Bluek Terminal Window - First Application My First Stand-alone Application. Fig. 7.19 Terminal windowRenaming a Class To rename a class, follow the fi : iven steps 4. Open the cl ‘ass in the editor window, name of the name you want to change. 2. Replace the class in the class header (the first line of the source) Ce) wit the 3, Save the ch : , y ape using Class menu Save option or Press Ctrl*S keys. Notice, eh “ppears with the new name in the main window. rae clas I Removing a Class jj To remove a class, follow the given steps : 1. Select the class and choose Edit menu~> Remove option. A confirmation box appears x whether to remove the class or not since rer ah moving the class is not reversible been removed, it is deleted in the file system and cannot he restored, 2. Click the Remove button to delete the class. Once a clas [Ea Tools View Help Blued: Question a) New Class... CtrleN | New Package.. cuter Removing classes will permanently delete their source file(s). Do you want to continue? (Ger tae) ene] Fig. 7.21 Confirmation box ‘Add Class from File. Click Here }} —>Remove CtrleBackspace New Uses Arrow. New Inheritance Arrow. Fig. 7.20 Click Remove option {| Movi ing and Resizing Class Icon To move an icon on the screen, you can drag it with the lefe mouse button to anywhere on the mai window. To resize a class icon, you click in the lower-right comer of the icon and drag the corner. This come is separated from the rest of the icon to mark the area in the icon u ised for res JPe _di g errors in the Code — in ie ne ance of 4 class for error, you must Comite |[ iy rere abe eon will highlight the fist error in the source Jos ame tay the error message in the information area Thenmbalmmenae err mese as an ‘ nt inthe code ok Mor wind Sebtawes meen tareessoe in ws one error at a time, To see other ter symbl Try to thnk about why ron only shows one error at a time, To see ol ome compilation “rat one and compile again. If you need help Ee click the [8 icon. Bluej will eno and the error Message, foundersane Sain the error message in straight forward then TY yen in Fig. 7.22. Fig. 7.22 A message box explaining an ae error show/Hide the Terminal Window smal window displays the output of the Bluej class. To show or hide the Terminal window, click View menu—> Show Terminal option. E Clear the Screen of the Text Terminal qo clear the output at the Terminal window, select Options menu-> Clear option. The Terminal window will be cleared. To stop execution of the program, press Ctrl + Shifts R keys. To show/hide the Terminal window, press Ctrl+ T keys © To clear the Terminal window, press Ctrl+ K keys. To close the Terminal window, press Ctrt+ W keys. Savi ig a Project jj To save a project along with all the classes, click Project menu-> Save option or press Ctrl+S keys. The project will be saved with the name already specified. uct My Fist Popa Now Project. OpenPreject. Chie0 Open Recent pen Non Blue ose cote Click Here }—4 cues crieshineP cee cura Fig. 7.23 Project menuOM | Copying a Project T-opy a project, dalle the phew ses; 1. Open the project which you want tn copy, 2 Select Projevt menu-> Save As option tv aay thy Poe nh Peoject dialog box appears ni *. Enter the name and tovation of the proevts Clie a Save bistion 04, wre {0 soe bie frpon mom [ he 1 ca | (Giice)| Crna ts) amet enelen Nie Fig, 7.24 Save Project dialog box | Opening an Existing Project | To open an existing project, follow the given steps : i | 1. Select Project menu=> Open Project aption, An Open Project dialog box appears 2. Select the name of the project, 3. Click the Open button, The selected project opens up. (cee) La Took Yew Help Hew Page. OpanPije. Cute Open Races , Cote Tae | | Pap ban. Coles Pont. cue | ow aig Fig 7.25 Project mony Hig. 7.26 Open Project dialog boxselect Project menu-> Close option from the menu bar. quick and easy evaluation of arbieray snippets eerand statements). Thus, the cole pad can details of Java semantics and to illustrate an uel me ele exes of 9, investigate be Been wich fav syntax. Show Debugges. Ctrl+D Show Terminal Ctrl+T | ing the code Pad View eee ad is nor shown by default. To show it, select the Be cic fran? SbOm Code Pad option. The main window will now include Show Code Pad _CbirE ede pa interface 3 ee lower right side of the screen. The code Fig. 7.27 View menu gad window il Noe be peed vo eee eqpeemiaas OF Cam On pressing Enter key, each line will fe jaluared and the res will be displayed. in ’s ot the end of the input line. Using Shift + Enter keys | by using Shi wit move the cursor to the start of the next line, but net execute the input. At whe end of the last input line type Enter to evaluate all lines together. Fig. 7.28 Code Pad windowPe =—==_— ei Steps to Find Simple Interest L Project CreationRow Kou KNOW Blue] is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the development of Java programs. Jo start Bluej, click Start—> All Programs—> Bluej— Blue]. To create a new project, click the Project menu —> New Project option. . To open an existing project, click the Project menu-> Open Project option. To copy a project, click the Project menu» Save As option. To create a new class, click the Edit menu-» New Class option. To remove a class, select it and click Edit menu-» Remove option, To compile a class, click the Tools menu-> Compile option. * Errors in class are displayed in the information area in editor window on compiling. * To show/ hide the Terminal window, click the View menu» Show Terminal option. * To clear screen of text terminal, click the Options menu-> Clear option. * To save a project, click the Project menu—> Save option. ‘* To show code pad , click the View menu-» Show Code Pad option. * Code pad can be used to evaluate simple and complex expressions. * Output of a program is displayed in the Terminal window. _ Blue}: It is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the development of java programs. irectories containing the files included in the project Project : iCompile the class b. Execute the class Which window shows the output o 3. Code window f the Blue] Program? b. Debugger window 6. Which of the following is used to e Valuate simple and co; e-Debugger window ssions? b. Code pad © Main window 7. Which of the following is used to Create a new class? & Tools—+ New Class \be Edit >New Class © Project—> New Class 8. What should be done to ‘Move the class icon? “2--Drag the icon with the left mouse button b. Right-click the icon © Point the icon 8: Remove ©. Delete Class 10. Which option is used to save a project? « Project-+ Save b. Tools» Save ¢. Options-+ save 8. Fill in the blanks, Compilation Code pad underscore (_) /- Ctra) = Case we E digit Ctrl+K Ctrl+Shift+R Options % To copy 3 project, you frst 2 project, a % To clear the text termina Select Clear option from the ee window. 3. To ‘Stop execution of the Program, Press Br one error at a time, 5S. To close a Bluej Project, select Project menu» 6. 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