CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research

English has four skills they are reading, listening, speaking, and

writing. One of those skills that has to be mastered by the students is reading

skill. Reading is one way to get knowledge and information. To get

knowledge and information, students reading books, newspapers, magazines,

advertisements, etc. can help students learn new vocabulary. by reading

students can know everything because they get all the information by

reading.

Reading is a process of transferring the information from the writer to

the reader. In reading a reader not only pronounces the word in the text, but

he or she also needs to comprehend the text in order to know what the text is

talking about. Students should comprehend what they have read to get the

information in the text to find out what the topic, topic sentence, main idea

of the text. If they are success in getting all the indicators, it means they have

a good reading comprehension. Reading comprehension is a process carried

out by paying attention to or reading an article with silent eyes and reading

silently, the result of this understanding is called reading comprehension.

Online learning is a learning environment that is held without face to

face directly between teachers and students. where teachers provide teaching

1
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materials in digital content that can be accessed, stored, and shared via the

internet which can be accessed anytime and anywhere by students and

teachers. With online learning the students not only access the knowledge

from the lesson book manual but also can access from many website that

provide by internet connection. The students can get many information and

unlimited learning from library on the world. Many kinds of online learning

media, such as zoom, google classroom, spada, e-learning, whatsapp,

telegram, etc. One of the online learning applications that are widely used by

teachers in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic era is Google

Classroom.

Google classroom is a teaching tool that is widely used by teachers

today. Google classroom is an efficient and easy-to-use tool that helps

teachers manage assignments. With google classroom, teachers can create

classes, assign assignments, grade and see everything in one place. Google

Classrom was publicly released on August 12, 2014. Google classroom

combines google drive for task creation and assignment, google docs, sheets,

and slides for writing, gmail for communications, and google calendar for

scheduling.

Google classroom is also very easy to use, everyone can use it just by

downloading it in the playstore or appstore and registering it using our

google account, then we enter the class code that was shared by the teacher,

after that we have entered the classroom created by the teacher. One of the
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schools that used google glassroom as an online learning medium during the

Covid-19 pandemic era was the SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan.

Based on pleminary observation that do by researcher, the researcher

make interview with the teacher of english in SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah

11 Padangsidimpuan, the teacher explains what she faces when carrying out

reading comprehension learning through google classroom. In learning

reading comprehension by google classroom the teacher make several effort

to attract student’s attention in learning, such as give the interesting lesson,

contact students one by one, discuss with students, make the reward to

dilligent students and any others effort. Continuously, the problem that faced

by students in learning reading comprehension by google classroom are lack

of students media, lack of students interest, many students not have the

android phone, there is no data package internet, constrained by the network,

student’s parent not care with the lesson.

This can be seen from the facts that occur in the school environment.

This can be proven from the experience of teachers teaching reading

comprehension using google classrooms at school. Most students have read

the lesson, but do not want to respond to the material provided by the

teacher, even students only fill in attendance but do not follow the lesson.

Various problems arise in almost every subject. This needs to be analyzed to

find out how application of google classroom on teaching reading

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comprehension and also student responses to learning reading

comprehension using google classroom.

Based on explanation above, the researcher is interested in doing a

research entitled “The Application of Google Classroom on Students’

Reading Comprehension in the Covid-19 Pandemic era A Study at the

Eleven Grade Students’ of SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan in 2020/2021 Academic Year”

B. Focus of the Research

The researcher focused on analysis how application of google

classroom in teaching reading comprehension and how are the students

responses in learning reading comprehension by using google classroom at

SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan. The researcher used two

questionnaires for students to be analyzed. The questionnaire was collected

from eleventh grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan with a total of twenty students.

C. Formulation of the Problem

Related  with the previous explanation above, the research problem of

this research are: 

1. How is the application of google classroom in teaching reading

comprehension at SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan?

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2. How are the students’ responses in learning reading comprehension by

using google classroom?

D. Objectives and the Significances of the Research

A. The objectives of the reserch was :

a. To find out the application of google classroom in teaching reading

comprehension with using google classroom for eleventh grade of

SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan.

b. To determine students’ responses at eleventh grade of SMA Swasta

Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan of learning reading

comprehension in COVID-19 Pandemic era by using google

classroom.

B. The significantces of the research

a. This research is expected to add insight and knowledge on how

students learning reading comprehension use google classroom. In

addition, it can be seen how students respond to the application of

reading comprehension learning using google classroom during the

Covid-19 pandemic era.

b. For schools, this research is expected to become a policy in

overcoming learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

c. For researchers, this research is a medium for gaining experience

through research carried out so that researchers gain new insights

about the application of Google classroom learning in the COVID-19

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pandemic era, and can also use what is being researched as a reference

when the researcher starts teaching later.

d. For Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan, this research is expected to

increase knowledge, especially students of the English Education

Study Program and also as a treasure for the Institut Pendidikan

Tapanuli Selatan library.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Definition of Reading Comprehension

According to Lyons 2003, Ratey 2001 (2005) a reader’s

comprehension is influenced by a range of internal factors, including

perceptions, beliefs, motivation, and problem-solving strategies. The line

between perception and cognition is blurred.

According to Janette et al (2007: 8) reading comprehension is a

multicompenent, highly complex process that involves many interaction

between readers and what they bring to the text (previous knowledge,

strategy use) as well as variables related to the text itself (interest in text,

understanding of text types). And according to Cathrine (2002: 11) reading

comprehension as the process of simultaniously extracting and constructing

meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. It

means reading comprehension is activity to read a text and understanding

content of the text or constructing meaning from the text. Reading

comprehension also invites the readers to comprehend the purpose the

writer.

Klingner et al (2007: 8) say that reading comprehension is a

multicomponent, highly complex process that involves many interaction

7
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between readers and what they bring to the text (previous knowledge,

strategy use) as well as variables related to the text itself (interest in text,

understanding of text types).

Similarly, Snow (2002: 11) says that reading comprehension as the

process of simultaneouslyextracting and constructing meaning through

interaction and involvement with written language. It means reading

comprehension is activity to read a text and understanding content of the text

or constructing meaning from the text. Reading comprehension also invites

the readers to comprehend the purpose the writer.

Furthermore, According Oakhil (2015: 1) that readers cannot

understand a whole text if they cannot identify (decode) the words in that

text. It means reading comprehension are understanding and interpretation of

what is read. The reader needs to able to decode what they read and make

relationship between what they read and what they already know.

From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that reading is

not just what it means to read a text, but it must be with understanding and

also with a complex structure involving the eyes and brain in reading, and

also how the process of reading word to word and word to sentence.

b. Indicators of Reading Comprehension

According to Moreover, Smith in journal (2006:97), the components

of reading comprehension are finding the factual information, main idea, the

meaning of difficult word, reference and inference. Hence, the students need
 9

the skill to find factual information, main idea, vocabulary, reference and

making references components in comprehending text well by themselves.

1. Main Idea

According to McWhorter (1992:171) the sentence that most clearly

states this main idea is called the topic sentence. Depending on its placement

within the paragraph, the topic sentence provides the reader with different

clues. Chesla (2000: 57) in Jauhari et al (2015) says that main idea is

important information that tells more about overall idea of text in paragraph.

Furthermore, Wilawan (2012) says that the main point or the central through

of the reading selection. Next, Behne (2010: 1) says, “Main idea is the most

important about the topic (usually sentence)”.

Based on explanation above, the researcher concludes the main idea is

important information that tells the writer in a paragraph or a text.Main idea

is most important or central thought of a paragraph or large section of the

text, which tell the reader what the text is about.

2. Inference

According to McWhorter (1992:378) an inference is a logical connection

that you draw between what you observe or know and what you do not

know. According Zweirs in Jumiaty (2014:223), Inference is strategies in

which the readers try to comprehend and understand the reading text by

drawing the personal meaning from the text. According to Prezler in Jumiaty

(2014:224) Inference is a mental process by wich we reacha conclusion

based on specific evidence.

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From explanation above, the researcher concludes inference is

describe and uderstand a text and take concluding using own language and

logical

3. Vocabulary

According to McWhorter (1992:324) your vocabulary can be one of

your strongest assets or one of your greatest liabiliates. Your vocabulary

defines and describes you by revealing a great deal about your level of

education and your experience. In numerous situations, your vocabulary

contributes significantly to that all-important first impression people form

when they meet you. According to Thounbury (2002: 13) states that without

grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be

conveyed. Furthermore, Tekeng (2016: 122) vocabularies are like the fuels

for car of language. Without enough vocabularies, the car of language cannot

go as far deal with our plan before.

Based on explanation above, the researcher concludes the vocabulary

is collection of words which is an important key in language learning and

communication in daily life.Vocabulary is like the foundation in English

because when we have manyvocabularies we will understand word by word

in simple scope.

2. Online Learning

Online learning is learning that is carried out remotely using an

application and an internet connection that is connected to one another.

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According to Bartley and Golek, 2004; Evans and Haase in Journal

(2001) Online learning is a form of distance learning or distance education,

which has long been a part of the American education system, and it has

become the largest sector of distance learning in recent years. According to

Dynarski and Scott-Clayton in Journal (2013) What has received most of the

attention for online learning is the postsecondary education arena. The rising

cost of postsecondary education and the importance of a postsecondary

degree are well documented in the literature. The lifetime earning gap

between high school graduates and collage graduates is continuing to widen.

According to Gikas and Grant (2013) In practice, online learning

requires the support of devices mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets

and laptops that can be used to access information anywhere and anytime.

Next, according to Korucu and Alkan in Journal (2011) Use of mobile

technology has a major contribution in the world of education, including the

achievement of goals distance learning.

From the explanation above, online learning is learning that is very

easy to implement and as a support for education in Indonesia during the

Covid-19 pandemic, because students do not need to meet directly and can

be carried out from home using only networks, cellphones and other

electronic devices.

a. Types of Online Learning Application

In online learning, Google Classroom is not the only application that

can be used in terms of learning and teaching, there are other applications
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such as Google Zoom and Whatsapp Group. According to Mursyid Kasmir

Naserly in Journal (2020:157) Some of the online learning media can be

used as a link between teacher and learner is the LMS Portal, Google

Classroom services, live streaming media such as Zoom or Google Hangout,

and group chat applications such as WhatsApp or Telegram. Basically, every

learning media has advantages and disadvantages.

According to Ni Komang Suni Astini in Journal (2020:15) With

distance learning students have freedom of study time, can learn anytime and

anywhere. Students can interact with the teacher using some applications

such as google classroom, video converence, phone or live chat, zoom or via

the whatsapp group.

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that there are many

applications that can be used to carry out online learning and support the

application of online learning during the Covid-19 period. among others,

google classroom, whatssapp group, zoom meeting and many more.

1. Google Classroom

Google classroom is one of the applications that is widely used by

students and teaching staff in Indonesia today, because google classroom is

very easy to use, because we only need to have google personally, we can

use this application.

According to Shampa Iftakhar in Journal (2016:12) Google Classroom

is considered as one of the best platforms out there for enhancing teachers’
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workflow. It provides a set of powerfull features that make it an ideal tool to

use with students. According to Jordan and Ducket in Journal (2018)

indicated that Google Classroom was more beneficial compared to other

LMS as it is accessible as a free mobile app, easy to use, reliable and

provides a platform for network community with a slight resemblance to

facebook user interface. According to Hakim in Journal (2016:498) Google

Classroom is an internet-based service provided by Google as a system e-

learning. This service is designed to help teachers create and share

assignments with students in a paperless manner.

Next, according to Dicky Pratama in journal (2016:499) Google

Classroom also has the ability to make automatic copies of assignments that

have been created by students. Lecturers can also check each assignment

collected by students in the virtual class that has been created. The benefits

of google classroom are: a) Easy setup, lecturers can add students directly or

share code with the class to join b) save time, simple and paperless

assignments allow teachers to make, check and assess assignments quickly

in one place c) improve organization, students can see all their assignments

in assignments and all material is automatically saved into a folder on google

drive d) improves communication, classes allow lecturers to send

announcements and start discussions directly e) affordable safe funds,

google classroom does not contain ads, does not never use user content or

student data for advertising and are free.

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According to Afrianti in journal (2019: 18), Google classroom is a

mixed learning platform for the scope of education that can make it easier

for teachers to create, share and classify each paperless assignment.

As mentioned above, Google Classroom is a free, web-based platform

created to make learning activities easier for educators and students. Google

classrooms allow teachers to control and assess the progress of their students

while staying connected from anywhere. Because it is web-based, this

platform is automatically integrated with other Google Suite for Education

services such as Gmail, Google Docs, and Google Calendar. Students can

receive and submit assignments directly in the Classroom, as well as

teachers.

Picture I Icon of Google Classroom

2. Zoom Meeting

Zoom Meeting is an application that can be used to be able to meet

face to face between students and teachers and vice versa, this application
 15

can contain many people, so that many people use this application and not

only for online learning, but also for holding meetings or holding

competitions.

According to Danin Haqien and Aqiilah Afiifadiyah Rahman in

Journal (2020:52) This app is not only used for learning only but can be

used for office affairs as well as other matters. The platform is free so it can

be used by anyone with the time limit is forty minutes and it's not there is a

time limit if our account is paid. In this Zoom Meeting application we can

communicate directly with anyone via video. Hence, it is suitable for use as

a medium learning.

According to Jaka Wijaya Kusuma and Hamidah in Journal (101)

Zoom meet is a platform Face to face conference where Educators and

students can be direct interact as if to meet in person. In this application

there are many features starting from file sharing in PDF format can be done

easily, Zoom offers the easiest facilities for individuals willing to join

conference / meeting with a link only or room number, Zoom synchronous

online formats also include a two-way live broadcast lectures, Zoom makes

online courses became very popular because it saves travel time costs, fuel

costs, and its impact on the environment.

According to Ni Komang Suni Astini in Journal (2020:19) Zoom is an

HD meeting application free with videos and screen sharing up to 100

people. Zoom is a great application communication using video. The

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application can be used in various mobile devices, desktops, to telephone

and room systems.

From the explanation above zoom is a video conferencing service that

allows users to chat online by utilizing technology, with Zoom, users can

connect with each other, conduct meetings, webinars, chat, and hold

discussions on a channel. Zoom is becoming an alternative to work and

distance learning from many organizations and institutions around the world.

OS support for the Zoom service is also very diverse, from MacOS,

Windows, Linux, iOS, Android, Web App, to extensions for Google Chrome

and Firefox.

Picture II Icon of Zoom

3. Whatsapp Group

Whatsapp is a communication tool that is widely used by many

people. and now WhatsApp has also been used by many students and

teachers to carry out teaching and learning by dividing assignments and

collecting assignments using one of the WhatsApp features, namely groups,

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and this makes it very easy for students and teachers because as a means of

communication it can also be a teaching and learning.

According to Jaka Wijaya Kusuma and Hamidah in Journal (100)

Whatsapp is a Message Platform which can be used in learning Remote,

where students are gathered in one Group and Learning process

implemented in a good message with writing, voice and images. This

application used by educators because it is known Save Quota and Familiar

among Students, because the average of all numbers owned is connected to

this application.

According to Ni Komang Suni Astini in Journal (2020:19) Whatsapp

is one of the communication media which is very popular when used of this,

Whatshapp is the one application used to do good conversation using text,

voice, or video. Whatshapp to stay connect with family friends, anytime and

wherever.

From the explanation above, whatsapp group is one of the features of

the WhatsApp application that is used to communicate with several people at

once. There each group member can send messages, article links and other

multimedia files such as images, audio and video. From this function, we can

use the WhatsApp group to simply save links or multimedia files as personal

notes.
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Picture III Icon of Whatsapp

4. Response

Response comes from the word response, which means answer, reply

or response (reaction). In the large Indonesian dictionary, response means

response, reaction and answer.

According to Hasan (2005: 283) the response according to the Big

Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) has the meaning of responses, reactions and

answers. Next, according to Chaplin (2004: 283) more specifically, the

response according to the psychological dictionary is a muscular process that

occurs as a result stimulation in the form of answers or behavior. Answers

can be obtained from the results of tests or filling out questionnaires, while

behavior can be identified from changes in attitudes indicated by the student.

Hence, in activities learning, the response between teachers and students is

needed. According to Bali & Rohmah (2018: 283) effective interaction in

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learning is able to provide a learning stimulus and activate a learning

response.

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the response is a

response or reaction to what is given and done to someone.

B. Conceptual Framework

GOOGLE CLASSROOM ON STUDENTS’ READING

COMPREHENSION

Giving questionnaires
to students

Analysis

Application of
google classroom
and students’
response

Based on the conceptual framework above, that the use of google

classrooms to students' reading comprehension is a problem that will be

investigated by researchers, the researcher analyzed the use of google

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classroom for students reading comprehension by using a questionnaire that

was distributed to students and then analyzed it to find out application of

google classroom on teaching reading comprehension and students’ response

a learning reading comprehension with using google classroom at SMA

Swasta Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan.

C. Relevant of Study

The result of the researches that had been observed previously will

discuss in relevant of the study and they are relevant with this research.

Those researches are: The first, Ruri et all in research Keefektifan

Penggunaan Google Classroom dalam Pembelajaran Daring Selama

Pandemi Covid-19 pada Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Administrasi

Perkantoran Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Based on the results of the

analysis in Figure 2, it is known that there are 66% or as many as 62 student

people stated that deep usage of Google Classroom online learning during

the Covid-19 pandemic effective, while the remaining 26% or as many as 25

students stated the use of Google Classroom is very effective, and 8% or as

many as 8 students stated ineffective. Based on research results and the

discussion that has been presented can concluded that Google Classroom is

effective applied in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Second, Sabran et all, in research Keefektifan Google Classroom

sebagai media pembelajaran. Based on Table 2 shows that implementation of

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google classroom learning as learning media as a whole is quite effective

with a tendency level of 77.27%. As for attainment of the effectiveness of

the implementation of e learning google classroom as a medium of learning

from each variable is quite effective. The effectiveness of the learning

planning component amounting to 74.50%, component design and

manufacture material amounted to 75.27%, the component of the delivery of

learning was 75%, the component of the learning interaction was 66.10%,

and the component of the implementation evaluation 69.01%. Assessment

criteria for google classroom learning planning indicators as a medium

learning.

Next Briliannur et all in research Analisis Keefektifan Pembelajaran

Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19, the effectiveness of KBBI is influential

circumstances, memorable things, success about an endeavor or action, the

enactment of the shrimp law or regulations. Minister of Education and

Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Issue Circular Letter Number 4 Years

2020 Regarding Policy Implementation Education in an Emergency The

spread of Coronavirus Disease (Covid19) which applies to the entire

community who received education in Indonesia. Besides the necessity of

learning online which is another obstacle is the lack of supporting facilities

online learning as experienced by several students at SD Banyuajuh 6 kamal

can indeed be said as an obstacle in the process ongoing learning, but effort

still have to be done as much as possible, remember, as a parent it is

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obligatory give the best for their children, including assets in the form of

education. On the other hand, the level of student enthusiasm for learning

also triggers will be effective or not This online learning keeps the culture in

mind face-to-face learning that is still attached inside so, during learning

activities Online is not uncommon for many students feeling bored or bored,

so make the expected learning outcomes are not effective.

Next, Ahmad et all in research Persepsi Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Selama Program Belajar dari Rumah (BDR)

di Masa Pandemi COVID-19, meanwhile, related to the level of

effectiveness organized teaching, teachers believes that there are still many

obstacles encountered during this online learning. Most of the respondents

said that that online learning activities during this was considered ineffective

(69.60%) and only Few respondents (8.70%) said that effective, despite the

level of student involvement in online learning this is quite high (69.90%).

According to a number of respondents, the ineffectiveness of online learning

during the BDR program is caused by a number of obstacles.

Next, Ruri et all in research Keefektifan Penggunaan Google

Classroom dalam Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19 pada

Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Universitas Negeri

Surabaya, shows that in a the whole student responded positive about using

Google Classroom. The highest mean score is i feel comfortable talk and

interact with other participants in learning activities through Google

 23

Classroom with the acquisition of a mean value of 3.39. These results show

students strongly agree that Google Classroom make their communication

and interaction with other participants in cyberspace to be more comfortable

during learning activities online.

Next, Rini Utami Analisis Respon Mahasiswa terhadap Penggunaan

Google Classroom pada Mata Kuliah Psikologi Pembelajaran Matematika.

The student acceptance indicators on the convenience of Google Classroom

show an average Students answered agree by 77.66% and disagree at

24.78%. This shows Google Classroom is easy to use both in terms of

student behavior in using Google Classroom, the implementation of Google

Classroom in learning and the availability of infrastructure to use Google

Classroom. Meanwhile, for the average Google Classroom performance

indicator Students answered agree 77.12% and disagree of 22.88%. This

shows the appearance, the way it works and the facilities provided by

Google Classroom are well accepted by students as a user. These results

show that Google Classroom learning gets a response the good of students.

Furthermore, Ita et all (2020) in research Proses dan Kendala

Pembelajaran Biologi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Analisis Respon

Mahasiswa, based on Figure 10, it can be seen that the preferred lecture

students are direct face-to-face lectures (amounting to 74.4%), a combination

of face-to-face lectures accompanied by online lectures (24.4%), and full

online lectures (1.2%) Based on the survey results it is also known that
 24

students prefer face-to-face lectures (74.4%) compared to online lectures

(1.2%), the rest of the students chose accompanied face-to-face lectures with

online lectures (24.4%). The number of students who choose face-to-face

lectures, of course, have a lot to do with them shortcomings felt by students

when carrying out online lectures, both related to understanding, lack of

practicum activities, a lot of costs used to buy data packages, an unstable

internet network as well as learning environment conditions that are less

conducive.

Based on the relevant research above, the use of google classroom for

students is not always effective, but with research the results can be effective

or ineffective, and not all students respond well to the use of google

classrooms on reading comprehension material. In this study, the researcher

will examine the same thinking as the location at SMA Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan, so that this study will find out whether the results of using

Google Classroom on students are effective or ineffecive and whether

students respond well to the use of google classroom in learning reading

comprehension material.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH

In this research, the researcher used online learning method with

google classroom. There are some definition of online learning method with

google classroom. online learning with google classroom is an easy learning

to be accessed by a student whenever and anywhere during the students can

still access the system, through the internet and digital media to implement

learning.

Furthermore, according to Kitao (1998) the definition of online

learning includes the hardware (infrastructure) aspect in the form of a set of

computers that are interrelated with one another and have the ability to

transmit data, whether in the form of text, messages, graphics, or sound. in

other words, online learning can be interpreted as learning through computer

networks that are connected to other computer networks around the world.

Second according to Siahaan (2003) one of the uses of the internet in world

education is online learning. There are several terms to express the idea of

online learning, namely distance learning, online learning, e-learning,

electronic learning, virtual, learning, virtual classes or web based learning.

From the explanation above it can be concluded that online learning

method is a research method that online learning is a way for study through

25
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online media as a learning media¸ it is more simply collecting and analyzing

the data.

A. Place and the Time of the Research

The researcher will conducting this research at SMA Swasta

Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan. It is locating on Jalan S. Parman, No

18, Kelurahan Bincar, Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Utara, Kota

Padangsidimpuan. The name of headmaster in SMA Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan is Bambang Ardiansyah., S.Pd, There are 1 teacher

english in this school, the name of teacher is Rahmi Suryani., S.Pd,. SMA

Swasta Muhammadiyah 11 has 3 classroom, there are 1 rooms for first

grade, 1 room for second grade, and then 1 rooms for third. The researcher

focused the study in Eleven grade. The researcher chose all of the students

on Eleven grade and some teacher, because the researcher get the

information that this class can be find and also to answer the researcher

questions, and also the teacher that very humble and friendly. In this

research process, the researcher decide the research do in April.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher choose SMA

Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan as the place on this research and some

of students as the informant of the research, they are students on Eleven

grade.
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B. Informant of the Research

In this research the researcher choose the students by using purposive

sampling. purposive sampling is a sampling technique based on the

researcher objective in conducting research. While, defenition of purposive

sampling according the experts.

According to Arikunto (2013: 176-185) states that there are some the

way to take sample in research, they are: random sampling, stratified sample,

area probability sample, proportional sample, purposive sampling, quota

sample, cluster sample, and double sample.

In this research the researcher chooses purposive sampling as a

technique sampling. In addition Arikunto (2013: 183) says that purposive

sampling is do with the way take of subject not based on strata, random or

area but based on there is certain aims. The sample will be taken from one

class, that is eleventh grade of SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan. The sample in this study was 20 students.

Table I Data of Students’ SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 11

Padangsidimpuan

No. Class Men Women Total

1. X 10 12 22

2. XI 7 13 20

3. XII 14 7 21

.
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C. Technique of Collecting Data

In collecting the data the researcher choose data collection technique.

Data collection means the process of measuring information on target

variable. Without collecting the data, the researcher cannot conduct the

research. According to Sugiyono (2013:308) Data collection techniques are

the most important step in research, because the main purpose of research is

to get data. Without knowing the data collection technique, the researcher

will not get data that meets the established data standards.

According to Rangkuti (2016:143-152) data collection techniques are

the most important step in research, because the main purpose of research is

to obtain data. without knowing the data collection technique, the researcher

will not get data that meets the established data standards. in qualitative

research the data sources are selected and adjusted to the research objectives.

the data collection process prioritizes the EMIC perspective. (concerned with

how respondents perceive and interpret the world around them). Qualitative

research uses data collection methods by observation, questionnaire and

documentation. The methods used in research can be described as follows:

1. Observation

Observation is a collection technique that requires researchers to go to

the field to observe things related to space, place, actors, activities, time,

events, goals and feelings.

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2. Study Documentation

Documents are a source of data used to complement research, whether

in the form of written sources, films, pictures (photos), monumental works,

all of which provide information for the research process.

According to Arikunto (2010:201) talking about the types of data

collection methods and instruments is actually no different from talking

about evaluation problems. evaluating is nothing but obtaining data about the

status of something compared to a predetermined standard or measure,

because evaluating is also taking measurements. based on this definition,

then when we mention the types of methods and tools or instruments of data

collection, it is the same as calling evaluation tools, or at least almost

entirely the same.

In the following discussion, we will immediately mention each type of

method, as well as explain the instrument for each discussing the method

concerned. Due to the extent of the non-test problem, it will be discussed

after the test is completed by directly stating the method.

1. Questionnaires

A questionnaire is a number of written questions that are used to

obtain information from respondents in the sense of reports about their

personal or known matters.

2. Observation

People often interpret observation as a narrow asset, namely paying

attention to something with the eye. in a psychological sense, observation or

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what is also called observation, includes the activity of loading attention to

an object by using all the sense organs.

3. Documentation

Documentation, from the origin of the word document, which means

written goods. In carrying out the documentation method, researchers

investigate written objects such as books, magazines, documents,

regulations, meeting minutes, daily notes and so on.

According to Satori and Komariah (2013:103-148) Data collection

methods are closely related to the research problem to be solved. problems

give direction and influence the determination of data collection methods.

Many problems that have been formulated cannot be solved properly,

because the method for obtaining the required data cannot produce the

desired data. one way to collect data is to use the method of observation,

interviews and documentation.

1. Observation

observation in a large Indonesian dictionary means careful observation or

review. while experts provide an understanding of the following

observations:

a. Alwasilah C. (2013: 2011) states that observation is a systematic and

planned research or observation that is intended for data acquisition

which is controlled by its validity and reliability.

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b. Nasution (2003: 56) states that observation is the basis of all science.

scientists can only work on the basis of data, namely facts about the real

world that are obtained through observation.

c. Bungin (2007: 115) observation is a data collection method used to

collect research data through observation and sensing.

2. Documentation

With this documentation technique, researchers can obtain information

not from people as sources, but they can obtain information from various

written sources or from documents available to informants in the form of

cultural relics, works of art and works of thought.

Based on the explanation above, technique of collecting data that used

by researcher in this research is questioner as follow :

QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE STUDENTS’

Student Identity  of  SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 11  PADANGSIDIMPUAN :

Name :
No. Absent :
Gender :

Charging instructions :
1. Read each item of the statement carefully
2. Choose one of the answers that you think is most suitable for your situation or
opinion, by marking (√) one of the answers provided.
3. If you answer incorrectly, you cross the answer by marking 2 lines (=), and
then put a new (√) mark on the answer according to your situation.

Please fill in everything without missing anything on the answer sheet

provided and thank you for your help.
 32

Questionnaire the application of google classroom in teaching reading comprehension

Indicators I Google classroom learning planning

SA A DL D TD
No Description

Learning that is carried out must be based

1 on the needs of the curriculum and subject
syllabus

Teachers and students must have access to

2 google classroom or have a google
account

Teachers must have access to e-learning-

3
based learning development facilities

There is a learning process design (RPP)

and a syllabus curriculum in the design of
4
the Google classroom learning model as a
learning medium
Available access to training facilities for
the implementation of google classroom
5
learning

Indicators II Design and manufacture of google classroom learning

materials
SA A DL D TD
No Description

1 The material must be in accordance

with the curriculum and available
electronic media

2 Material prepared by experts in related

fields of science

3 Material design and manufacture must

be in accordance with the
characteristics of e-learning learning

4 Material must be available and

accessible to students regardless of
place and time
 33

Carry out e-learning operations in

5 accordance with the applicable code of
ethics and regulations

Indicators III Google classroom learning process

SA A DL D TD
No Description

1 Delivery

2 Learning interactions

3 Implementation evaluation

4 Learning implementation criteria

Questionnaire students’ response

DL D TD
No. Question SA A

1. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom makes me better understand the content of
the lesson

2. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom makes me more excited

3. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom makes me more active in learning

4. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom makes me more comfortable in studying

5. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom makes me more enthusiastic about taking
part in the lesson

6. I always do the assignments the teacher gives me

when learning reading comprehensions by Google
Classroom

7. I really enjoy learning reading comprehension by

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google classroom

8. Learning reading comprehensions by google

classroom saves time and money

9. Learning reading comprehension by google

classroom is very useful in the learning process

10. There is a deadline for submitting assignments when

learning reading comprehensions by google
classroom makes me submit assignments on time

Table II Instrument SkalaLikert

Appraisal Score

Strongly agree 5

Agree 4

Disagree less 3

Disagree 2

Totally disagree 1

source: Sugiyono (2016:132)

Table III Classification of Assessment Criteria

Percentage Criteria

0-10 Very less

11-20 Less

21-30 Moderate

31-40 Enough

41-50 Good

Above 50 Very good

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Source: Tim Litbang Depdagri-Fisipol UGM, 1991 (In Handoko:2013)

D. Technique of Data Trustworthiness

In qualitative research, the trustworthiness of the data was checked to

get the accurate. According to Satori and Komariah (2013: 164) Qualitative

research is declared valid if it has a degree of credibility, transferability,

dependability, and confirmability.

1. Credibility 

Crelibility is a measuring tool for capturing data, whether it is correct,

correct, appropriate, and measures what should be measured. A measure of

the correctness of the data collected, which illustrates the suitability of the

researcher's concept with the research results.

2. Transferability 

Transferability is the extent to which the results of the study can be

used in context in certain situations. wherein how precisely the results of the

research can be generalized or applied to the population in which the sample

is taken or in different social settings with almost the same characteristics.

3. Dependability 

Dependability is a test of data with the informant as the source and the

technique taken whether it shows high raciality or not. Shows that research
 36

has the nature of compliance by demonstrating the consistency and stability

of data or findings that can be replicated.

4. Conformability

Comfirmability is that the correctness of the data obtained can be

traced and the source of the informant is clear. Research results are said to

have a high degree of objectivity if the existence of data can be traced with

certainty, and research is said to be objective if the research results have

been agreed by many people.

Based on the explanation above, data trustworthiness that used by

researcher in this research is crealibility, transferability, dependability, and

conformability.

E. Technique of Data Analysis

The technique of data analysis is an attempt to break down a problem

or focus of study into parts (decomposition) so that the arrangement of the

form of something that is parsed is clearly visible and therefore its meaning

can be more clearly understood or is more clearly understood sitting  the

case.

According to Satori and Komariah (2013:217), there are 7 model of analysis

data :

1. Miles and Huberman model

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According to Miles and Huberman model, in data analysis follow the

procedur as follow :

a. Data reduction

The data obtained is written in the form of reports or detailed data. 

Report which is arranged based on the data obtained is reduced,

summarized, selected the main things, focused on important things. 

The results data make efforts and sort them based on a certain unit of

concept, theme, and category will provide a sharper picture of the

results of the observations as well as make it easier for researchers to

retrieve data in addition to the previous data obtained if needed.

b. Data display

Data display in qualitative research is a technique in which data is

presented in various forms such as tables, graphs, and the like. and the

most frequently used data is narrative text. As for the data display

function in addition to making it easier and understanding what

happened, also to plan the next work based on what has been

understood.

c. Conclusion drawing/verification 
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The conclusions in qualitative research are new findings that have

never existed before. Findings can be in the form of a description or

description of an object that was previously unclear or dark so that

after being examined it becomes clear, it can be a causal or interactive

relationship, a hypothesis, or a theory.

2. Lexi J.Maleong Model

Explained that qualitative data analysis steps include :

a. Reviewing all available data from various sources data

b. Carry out data reduction by making abstraction

c. Arrange abstracts into units 

d. Categorizing units

e. Coding each units

f. Checking the validity of the data

g. Interpretation of data  

3. Janice McDrury

Similar things were stated by Janice McDrury, the  stages of qualitative data

analysis are :

a. Reading/studying data, marking and existing ideas in the data

b. Study those key words, trying to find themes that come from the data

c. Write down the ‘model’ found

d. The coding that was done

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4. Milles and Huberman model

a. Flow Model

Picture IV Flow Model

b. Interactive Model

Picture V Interactive Model

5. Spradley Model
 40

Data analysis according to the Spradley model states that data analysis

is technically related to the research process which consists of: descripive

observation, domine analysis, taxonomic analysis, selected observations,

compenential analysis, selected observations, compenential analysis, and

theme analysis.

Picture VI Spradley Model

6. Field Analysis of Sugiyono’s Sircular Model

a. Descriptive Stages

It is also called the orientation stage, which describes the researcher as

being at the stages of describing what it sees, hears, feels and asks so

that everything he knows is at a glance.

b. Reduction Stages
 41

At this stages the researcher reduces the data and focuses it  on a

particular problem. The researcher sorted interesting, important and

new data from the data they found in the first stage and grouped them

into categories defined as the research focus.

c. Selection Stages

At this stage the researcher outlines the focus of the research that has

been defined in more detail, so as to find a theme by constructing the

data obtained into a new building of knowladge, hypothesis or science.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher choose Miles and

Huberman model on technique of data analysis that consist of three

procedure, there are data reduction, data display, and conclusion

drawing/verification.