2022-23

;g gsyhdkWIVj ls fy;k x;k ,d fp=k gSA rqe jktiFk dks ns[k ldrs gks tks bafM;k xsV
vkSj jk"Vªifr Hkou dks tksM+rk gSA vfnfr jktiFk ij dgk¡ cSBh gksxh] ml txg ij
fu'kku yxkvksA
uD'kk 1

jk"Vªifr Hkou

fot; pkSd

ji+Qh ekxZ ji+Qh ekxZ

jktiFk
tuiFk tuiFk

jktiFk
Z
eku flag jksM ekx
¡/h
w j c k xk
dLr

jksM fry
d
j gqlSu ekx
”kk f d Z
MkWñ us'kuy LVsfM;e

i+QksVks vkSj uD'kk

1) D;k rqeus dHkh fdlh 'kgj dk uD'kk ns[kk gS\ uD'kk 1 dks ns[kksA bldk fp=k ls
feyku djosQ crkvks fd bafM;k xsV dgk¡ gSA uD'ks ij bldk fp=k cukvksA
2) uD'ks osQ bl Hkkx esa oqQN lM+osaQ fn[kkbZ xbZ gSaA mu lM+dksa dks i+QksVks esa <w¡<+ksA
3) jk"Vªifr Hkou ls bafM;k xsV tkrs le; dkSu&dkSu lh lM+osaQ jkLrs esa vk,¡xh\
4) uD'kk 1 esa us'kuy LVsfM;e <w¡<+ksA D;k i+QksVks esa ;g rqEgsa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\

113

2022-23
eè; dk gSDlkxu
vxj ge uD'ks esa ^”kwe bu* djsa ;kuh ,d fgLls dks cM+k djosQ ns[ksa rks bldk ,d
fgLlk oqQN ,slk u”kj vk,xkA
tuiFk
uD'kk 2

vd

jktiFk

jksM
cj
jksM

ksd
v'k
eku flag jksM eku flag jksM
'kkg kxZ
tgk he
¡ jksM India
xk¡/
wjck
dLr
bafM;k xsV
iaMkjk jksM dksijfudl ekxZ
fpYMªu
ikoZQ Z fry
ekx d
gqlSu ekx
Z
fdj
jksM

”kk
MkWñ iqjku
'kkg

k fd
'ksj

yk jk
sM
us'kuy LVsfM;e
ihys jax osQ Hkkx dh vko`Qfr ns[kksA D;k rqeus ;g vko`Qfr igys ns[kh gS\ blosQ fdrus
fdukjs gSa\
bl txg dks dgrs gSa osaQnzh; gSDlkxuA
uD'ks ls irk yxkvks
1)vxj rqe jktiFk ij py jgs gks] rks bafM;k xsV osQ ckn rqEgkjs fdl rji+Q ^fpYMªu
ikoZQ* gksxk\
2)buesa ls dkSu&lh lM+osaQ vkil esa lcls cM+k dks.k cukrh gSa\
d)ekuflag jksM vkSj 'kkgtgk¡ jksM
[k) v'kksd jksM vkSj ekuflag jksM (bafM;k xsV ls ijs cuus okyk dks.k)
x) tuiFk vkSj jktiFk
3)buesa ls dkSu lh lM+osaQ vkil esa ledks.k cukrh gSa\
114

2022-23
 ijsM dk bar”kkj
ijsM dk bar”kkj djrs gq,] dk¡pk vkSj mlosQ oqQN nksLr lksp jgs Fks fd ijsM dgk¡
[kRe gksxhA dk¡pk osQ ikl og v[kckj Fkk ftlesa ijsM dk jkLrk fn[kk;k gqvk FkkA
fot; pkSd µ jktiFk µ bafM;k xsV µ fryd ekxZ µ cgknqj'kkg tiQj ekxZ µ
lqHkk"k ekxZ µ yky fdykA
mÙkj uD'kk 3
cPps ijsM dk jkLrk irk djus osQ fy,
bl uD'ks dks ns[kus yxsA yky fdyk

pk¡nuh pkSd jksM

ekxZ
kk"k
lqH
tkek efLtn

lqHkk"k ekxZ

jkt ?kkV

esfMdy dkWyst
if'pe

dukWV
Z
cgknqj 'kkg ”kiQj ekx

;equk unh

iwoZ
Iysl
+

fjax jksM

MkSy
E;qf”k;e
bañ xk¡ñ LVsfM;e
fjax j

çxfr
ksM
kxZ

eSnku
de

jk"Vªifr
fry

Hkou
ji+Qh ekxZ

fot;
tuiFk

pkSd
us'kuy
LVsfM;e
fjax j
ksM
¡ jksM

11 ewfrZ
eFkqjk jksM
tgk
'kkg

nf{k.k LosQy % 2 cm = 1 km

115

2022-23
 vjs! ns[kks] ;g bafM;k
xsV gS vkSj ;g jgk buosQ chp ;g yach
jk"Vªifr HkouA lM+d jktiFk gSA pyks vank”kk yxk,¡
fd jktiFk fdrus
esjh ek¡ us eq>s crk;k Fkk fdyksehVj yack gSA
fd fot; pkSd ls ysdj
bafM;k xsV rd jktiFk 2 bl uD'ks ij ;g yxHkx
fdyksehVj yack gSA 4 lsaVhehVj yack fn[kk;k gSA
blfy, uD'ks osQ 4 lsaVhehVj /jrh rqe Bhd dg jgs gksA
ij 2 fdyksehVj osQ cjkcj gSA ns[kks uD'ks osQ uhps
fy[kk gS LosQy %
2 cm = 1 fdyksehVj
uD'ks esa jkLrk fn[kkvkss
1) uD'kk 3 esa ijsM dk jkLrk fn[kkvks
vkSj bafM;k xsV o jktiFk ij
fu'kku yxkvksA
2) uD'ks dks ns[kks vkSj irk yxkvks %
d) dkSu lh lM+d lcls yach gS\
● cgknqj'kkg tiQj ekxZ ● lqHkk"k ekxZ ● fryd ekxZ
[k) vxj :fc;k tkek efLtn dh vksj ls ijsM ns[kus vk jgh gS rks lkspks mls
fdruk nwj rd pyuk iM+sxkA
x) ijsM dk iwjk jkLrk yxHkx fdruk yack gS\
● 3 km ● 16 km ● 25 km ● 8 km
tSls&tSls ijsM vkxs c<+h] mUgsa oqQN cPps gkFkh ij vkrs gq, fn[ksA ;s ogh cPps gSa
ftUgsa cgknqjh osQ fy, buke fn;k x;kA mlosQ ckn vyx&vyx LowQyksa osQ cPpksa us
rjg&rjg osQ u`R; vkSj djrc fn[kk,A
cPps ijsM osQ lkFk yky fdys rd tkuk pkgrs FksA xIiw yky fdyk igys ns[k pqdk
Fkk] rks og ckdh cPpksa dks mlosQ ckjs esa crkus yxkA
cPpksa dks le> vkuk pkfg, fd uD'ks esa LosQy dh D;k ”k:jr gSA gesa bl ckr ij ppkZ djuh pkfg, fd tc ge
,d cM+s {ks=k dks NksVs ls dkx”k ij fn[kkrs gSa rks gj fgLls dks ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa de djuk iM+rk gS ftlls fd
txgksa dh vkilh nwjh vkSj fLFkfr oSlh gh cuh jgsA

116

2022-23
xIiw dh yky fdys dh ;k=kk
tc ge yky fdys igq¡ps rks ogk¡ fVdV ysus osQ
fy, yach ykbu yxh gqbZ FkhA yky fdys osQ eq[;
xsV dks ykgkSjh xsV dgrs gSaA mlls vanj ?kqldj
ge ckb± vksj ,d yacs xfy;kjs esa igq¡ps ftlosQ
nksuksa rji+Q NksVh&NksVh nqdkusa cuh FkhAa bl txg
dks ehuk ck”kkj dgrs gSaA ogk¡ ls eSaus viuh
cgu osQ fy, pwfM+;k¡ [kjhnhaA

ehuk ck”kkj ykgkSjh xsV

iwoZ
uD'kk 4
;equk fjax jksM
unh gEeke
vkjkexkg
eksrh efLtn jax egy
eksrh egy

nhoku&,&[kkl

nhoku&,&vke
nf{k.k
mÙkj

yky fdyk uDdkj[kkuk

ehuk ck”kkj

ykgkSjh xsV

lqHkk"k ekxZ
if'pe
LosQy % 1 cm = 100 m

117

2022-23
uDdkj [kkuk µ tgk¡ Mªe ogk¡ ls lh/s uDdkj[kkus gksrs gq, rqe
ctk dj jktk dk lans'k nhoku&,&vke igq¡p ldrs gksA ;g ogh
lquk;k tkrk FkkA txg gS tgk¡ jktk vke turk ls feyk djrs FksA

nhoku&,&vke ls lh/s lkeus c<+rs

gq, geus jax&egy ns[kkA ;g cgqr
[kwclwjr bekjr gSA gekjs ckb± rji+Q
rhu bekjrsa vkSj FkhaA bu bekjrksa dks
uD'ks esa <w¡<+ksA

ge jax egy ls ck,¡ eqM+dj nhoku&,&[kkl igq¡ps tgk¡ jktk

vius eaf=k;ksa vkSj [kkl yksxksa ls feyk djrs FksA

nk,¡ ls µ jaxegy] vkjkexkg

vkSj nhoku&,&[kkl

jax egy osQ vanj nhoku&,&[kkl osQ vanj

uD'kk & 4 esa <¡w<+ks
d) buesa ls dkSu&lh bekjr ;equk unh osQ ”;knk ikl gS\ nhoku&,&vke ;k
nhoku&,&[kkl\
[k) fdu nks bekjrksa ds chp esa vkjkexkg gS\
x) jax egy ls geke dh vksj tkrs gq, rqe fdu bekjrksa osQ lkeus ls xq”kjksxs\
?k) bl uD'ks esa ehuk ck”kkj ls lcls nwj dkSu lh bekjr gS\
M- ) ^nhoku&,&[kkl* ls ^ykgkSjh xsV* yxHkx fdruh nwj gS\
118

2022-23
cM+k djks] NksVk djks
;gk¡ oqQN fp=k 1 lsaVhehVj [kkuksa okyh tkyh
ij cuk, x, gSaA mUgha fp=kksa dks 2 lsaVhehVj
vkSj 21 lsaVhehVj okyh tkfy;ksa ij cukus dh
dksf'k'k djksA ,d fp=k
;gk¡ ij cuk;k x;k gSA
1 1 cm
2 cm fxzM
fxzM
2 cm
fxzM

,d [kkus dh Hkqtkvksa dks nksxquk cM+k cuk;k x;k gSA D;k bldk {ks=kiQy Hkh nksxquk
c<+sxk\

fp=kksa ;k uD'kksa dks NksVk@cM+k djus dh izfØ;k d{kk osQ i+Q'kZ ;k feV~Vh osQ eSnku ij Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA bl
xfrfof/ dks uD'kksa esa LosQy osQ mi;ksx ls tksM+sa] ftlls fd NksVk&cM+k djus ij vko`Qfr ugha cnyrh gSA

119

2022-23
vkvks dksf'k'k djsa µ
;g ijsM okys jkLrs (uD'kk 3) ls fy;k x;k ,d
NksVk lk fgLlk gSA
1) D;k rqe igpku ldrs gks fd ;g uD'ks dk dkSu
lk fgLlk gS\ 1 cm fxzM
2) vc bls 2 lsaVhehVj fxzM esa cM+k cukus dh
dksf'k'k djksA ;kn j[kuk fd uD'ks dh vko`Qfr
u cnysA
1
3) vxj ge ijsM osQ iwjs jkLrs dks 2 lsaVhehVj osQ
fxzM ij cukus dh dksf'k'k djsa rks mldk LosQy
D;k gksxk\
● uD'ks ij 1 cm = ”kehu ij 1 fdyksehVj
1
● uD'ks ij 2 cm = ”kehu ij 1 fdyksehVj
● uD'ks ij 2 cm = ”kehu ij 1 fdyksehVj
2 cm fxzM
Hkkjr osQ vyx&vyx jkT;ksa ls vk, urZd
cPpksa us cgqr lh >k¡fd;ksa vkSj urZdksa dks ns[kkA

dukZVd ls vk,
urZd lcls
vPNs FksA
eq>s f=kiqjk dk ukp ilan vk;kA
bu yksxksa dks fnYyh flfDde vkSj f=kiqjk fnYyh ls
vkus osQ fy, fdruh nwj gSa ij gfj;k.kk vkSj
nwj ;k=kk djuh iM+h\ mÙkjk[kaM ikl gSaA

120

2022-23
uhps fn, x, Hkkjr osQ uD'ks dks ns[kks vkSj mu jkT;ksa dks <w¡<+ks ftuosQ ckjs esa ;s cPps
ckr dj jgs gSaA

5
;g uD'kk dsoy vuqekfur LosQy ij cuk gS rkfd cPps vklkuh ls
nwjh] {ks=kiQy vkSj fn'kkvksa dk vankt+k yxk losQa A

1) dukZVd dh Vhe cSaxyksj ls pyh vkSj mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj c<+hA fnYyh rd
igq¡pus esa bls fdu&fdu jkT;ksa ls xq”kjuk iM+k gksxk\ Hkkjr osQ uD'ks ls <w¡<+ksA
D;ksafd cPpksa dks igyh ckj fn'kkvksa ls voxr djk;k tk jgk gS] mUgsa dbZ izdkj dh xfrfof/;k¡ djokus dh ”k:jr gS
ftlls os ,slh Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx vklkuh ls dj losaQ tSls fd ^mÙkj dh vksj*] ^nf{k.k dh rji+Q*] ^iwoZ fn'kk esa*]
^eè; izns'k osQ if'pe esa* vkfnA ”kehu ij uD'ks cukdj cPpksa dks gh uD'ks ij [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlls os bl
rjg dh ckrsa djsa µ oSadV 'kkafr osQ nf{k.k esa [kM+k gS] egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr osQ iwoZ esa gS ---vkfnA
121

2022-23
2) tEew&d'ehj fnYyh ls mÙkj fn'kk esa iM+rk gS] blfy, ogk¡ ls vkus okyh
Vhe fnYyh igq¡pus osQ fy, nf{k.k dh vksj pyrh gSA os dkSu&dkSu ls
jkT;ksa ls xq”kjrs gSa\
3) uksuw xqtjkr esa jgrk gSA uksuw dk fe=k tkosn if'pe caxky esa jgrk gSA uksuw vius
fe=k osQ ikl tkuk pkgrk gSA og fdl fn'kk esa ;k=kk djsxk\
d) if'pe dh rji+Q
[k) iwoZ dh rji+Q
x) nf{k.k dh rji+Q
?k) mÙkj dh rji+Q
4) D;k tEew&d'ehj osQ mÙkj esa dksbZ jkT; gS\
5) D;k xqtjkr osQ if'pe esa dksbZ jkT; gS\
6) ;fn uD'ks ij 1 lsaVhehVj] ”kehu ij 200 km fn[kkrk gS rks irk djks %
d)fnYyh ls t;iqj yxHkx fdruk nwj gS\
(v) 50 km (c) 500 km (l) 250 km
[k) vank”kk yxkvks] t;iqj ls Hkksiky fdruk nwj gS\
uD'ks ij = _______ lsaVhehVj
okLro esa = _______ fdyksehVj
7) uD'ks dks ns[kdj crkvks %
d)dkSu lk jkT; pkj vU; jkT;ksa ls f?kjk gS\
[k)fdl jkT; dk {ks=kiQy lcls ”;knk gS\ vxj mldk uke uD'ks esa ugha gS rks
vius vè;kid vFkok ekrk&firk ls iwNdj irk djksA
crkvks rqeus mÙkj dh [kkst oSQls dh\
x) dkSu ls jkT; dk {ks=kiQy flfDde ls yxHkx vkB xquk gSA
● mÙkj çns'k

● f=kiqjk

● egkjk"Vª

● fgekpy çns'k

?k) jktLFkku dk {ks=kiQy iatkc jkT; osQ {ks=kiQy ls yxHkx fdrus xquk ”;knk gS\
122

2022-23
leqnz
ckyk leqnz&rV ij [kM+k] fo'kky leqnz dks ns[k jgk gSA ,slk yx jgk gS fd leqnz dk
dgha dksbZ var ugha gSA

D;k rqeus leqnz ns[kk gS\ fp=k esa leqnz dgk¡ gS\ Hkkjr osQ uD'ks esa leqnz dks <w¡<+ksA
uD'ks esa leqnz dks fdl jax ls fn[kk;k x;k gS\
❈ mu jkT;ksa ij fu'kku yxkvks ftuosQ ,d rji+Q leqnz gSA
❈ ,d ,sls jkT; dk uke fy[kks ftlosQ fdlh vksj Hkh leqnz ugha gSA
irk djks
vyx&vyx uD'ks ns[kksA vkl&iM+ksl osQ uD'ks] Hkkjr osQ uD'ks vkSj fo'o osQ uD'ks
esa mi;ksx fd, x, vyx&vyx LosQy dh rqyuk djksA
jkT;ksa osQ chp js[kk,¡
uD'ks ij jkT;ksa osQ chp cuh js[kkvksa dks ns[kdj lkcw lksp esa iM+ x;kA
eSa fnYyh ls gfj;k.kk vkSj gfj;k.kk ls jktLFkku
rd x;k gw¡ ij dgha Hkh eq>s lM+d ;k ”kehu ij
dksbZ js[kk u”kj ugha vkbZA ;s uD'ks esa oSQls gSa\

ugha] /jrh ij dksbZ Hkh ykbu ugha

[khaph xbZ gSA uD'ks ls gesa ;gh irk
pyrk gS fd dgk¡ ,d jkT; [kRe
gksrk gS vkSj nwljk 'kq: gksrk gSA vksg gk¡! geus lhek ij Vksy VSDl
fn;k FkkA eSaus ,d cgqr cM+k cksMZ
yxk ns[kk gS ftl ij fy[kk Fkk
gfj;k.kk esa vkidk Lokxr gSA
123

2022-23
 'kgjksa osQ chp dh nwjh uD'kk 6
Hksyiqj
;s 5 'kgj gSaA irk djks %
<ksdykckn
1) bl uD'ks esa bMyhiqj ls ciQhZuxj fdrus Nksyk?kkV
lsaVhehVj nwj gS\
bMyhiqj ciQhZuxj
2) vxj bMyhiqj ls ciQhZuxj rd tkuk iM+s
rks rqEgsa fdrus fdyksehVj pyuk iM+sxk\ LosQy % 10 fdyksehVj = uD'ks ij 1 lsVa hehVj)
3) bMyhiqj vkSj ciQhZuxj osQ chp vk/s jkLrs ij Fkqdikxzke iM+rk gS] mls T osQ
fu'kku ls n'kkZvksA
4) tyschiqj uke dk ,d 'kgj Nksyk?kkV vkSj <ksdykckn nksuksa ls 35 fdyksehVj nwj
gSA D;k yxrk gS] og dgk¡ gks ldrk gS\ mlosQ fy, J dk fu'kku yxkvksA
5)Hksyiqj vkSj Nksyk?kkV osQ chp osQ jkLrs dh nwjh irk yxkvksA (rqe /kxs dks
bLrseky dj ldrs gksA)
vk'kh dk LowQy
vk'kh dk LowQy mQij ls bl rjg fn[krk gSA
LowQy osQ uD'ks dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj [kkus fxudj irk yxkvksA uD'kk 7
gkWy
LowQy&lHkk eSnku
cxhpk

f[kM+dh
2 cm = 5 m

III A V II IX VII VI A

njok”kk
LosQy %

III B IV I X VIII VI B

[ksy dk eSnku
nÝ+ rj xsV
124

2022-23
1) LowQy&lHkk eSnku dk {ks=kiQy nÝ+rj osQ {ks=kiQy ls fdruk xquk ”;knk gS\
2) gj d{kk dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ fdruh gS\
d) yackbZ 5 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 4 ehVj [k) yackbZ 2 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 1 ehVj
x) yackbZ 12 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 10 ehVj ?k) yackbZ 5 ehVj] pkSM+kbZ 5 ehVj
3) vk'kh osQ Ldwy osQ lHkh dejs oqQN ,sls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
';keiêð uD'kk 8
f[kM+dh njok”kk
csap

lwpukiêð
f[kM+dh
vyekjh

çn'kZ&iê ð

è;ku ls ns[kdj mÙkj nks µ

d) buesa ls dkSu&lk ';keiêð osQ fcyoqQy lkeus gSa\
❈ vyekjh] f[kM+dh] lwpukiêð] izn'kZ&iêð
[k) ,d ckj fiQj LowQy osQ uD'ks dks ns[kksA vankts ls fu'kku yxkvks fd bUgsa dgk¡
gksuk pkfg,A
❈ III A vkSj VII esa ';keiêð
❈ IV vkSj X esa vyekjh
❈ V vkSj VI B esa lwpukiê ð
❈ II esa chp dh iafDr esa vafre lhV
❈ izn'kZ&iV~V I esa
x) D;k III A esa cSBs cPps dks [ksy dk eSnku fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
125

2022-23