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Evaluation of Jute Leaf as Feed Ingredient for Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Article  in  Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition · January 2016

DOI: 10.5958/2231-6744.2016.00034.7

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 Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 2016. 33 (2): 203-207 Indian Journal of
doi: 10.5958/2231-6744.2016.00034.7
Animal Nutrition

Evaluation of Jute Leaf as Feed Ingredient for Labeo rohita Fingerlings

P. Singh, B.N. Paul*1, G.C. Rana1 and S.S. Giri2
Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
P.O. Rahara, Kolkata-700 118, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT
A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the suitability of jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaf
powder, as a dietary protein source for Labeo rohita fingerlings. One control feed without jute leaf JL0 (0%) and
four experimental feeds were prepared with graded levels of jute leaf powder viz; JL10 (10%), JL20 (20%), JL30
(30%) and JL40 (40%) respectively along with rice bran, soybean meal, mustard oil cake, vegetable oil and
vitamin-mineral mixture. The feed with 20% of jute leaves (JL20) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher net weight
gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and daily growth coefficient. The feed conversion ratio was
lower (P<0.05) in JL20. The carcass composition revealed that carcass protein and lipid content was
significantly (P<0.05) higher in JL20. It may be concluded that jute leaf powder can be incorporated in the feed
of rohu fingerlings up to 20%.
Key words: Carcass composition, Growth, Jute leaf, Labeo rohita
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INTRODUCTION family tiliaceae. It is an erect, annual herb (also known

Fish meal has been traditionally used in fish feeds as long-fruited jute, tossa jute, jute mallow and jew’s
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as the major source of dietary protein (Hardy, 1999). mallow) growing up to 3.5 m, an abundant agricultural
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The high cost and variation in quality of fish meal as product and a potential alternate feed ingredient (Tindall,
well as its uncertain availability (Alceste, 2000) 1993). West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh are among
emphasize on the development of cost effective and the largest global producer of the tossa jute varieties.
high quality alternative protein sources for partial or Total area under the crop cultivation of India in the year
complete replacement of fish meal. The feed cost
2011 was 768000 ha and the total production was
represents over 50% of the operating costs in intensive
1799,000 bales (FAO, 2011). It contains about 16% CP
aquaculture (Paul and Giri, 2015) and it depends on many
(Ndlovu and Afolayan, 2008). The leaves are widely
factors such as protein level, the source and type of
used as a leafy vegetable in many Asian, African and
ingredients that could be derived from plant or animal
European countries (Furumuto et al., 2002; Zeghichi et
resources and the processing methods (Glencross et al.,
al., 2003). The leaves are demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge
2007). Protein is the most expensive component of
and also serve as tonic. The leaves have got attention
formulated feed and hence, the use of alternative
from food and medical industry (Oyedele et al., 2006;
ingredients that reduce feed costs is the most important
Dewanjee et al., 2013). There is paucity of information
requisite to cost-effective fish culture. In order to attain
on the use of jute leaf as dietary protein source for
a more economically sustainable fish production, the use
of non-conventional protein sources particularly from aquaculture species. Thus, the aim of the current study
plant products such as seeds, leaves and other was to find out the usefulness of jute leaf as feed
agricultural by-products/waste products could have a ingredient for Labeo rohita fingerlings.
considerable economic advantage through cost MATERIALS AND METHODS
reduction (Azaza et al., 2008). The samples of jute leaves were obtained from
Corchorus olitorius belongs to the genus of about ICAR- Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied
40-100 species of flowering plant belonging to the Fibres (CRIJAF), Nilgunj, West Bengal, India. Prior to
*
Corresponding author: Email: bnpaulcifa@gmail.com; 1Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, India; 2ICAR-Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751002, India
203
Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 2016. 33 (2): 203-207
 Jute leaf as feed ingredient for Labeo rohita

analysis, the leaves were separated from stems and
washed with tap water. The residual moisture was
evaporated at room temperature and leaves were
oven-dried at 40°C. The dried leaves were then finely
ground to pass through 2 mm sieve and stored in plastic
container for further canalysis. Basal diet (control diet)
was formulated as per NRC (2011). Five different diets
were formulated with powdered rice bran, soybean meal,
mustard oil cake, soybean oil and vitamin-mineral
mixture along with graded levels of jute leaf viz., 0 (JL0),
10 (JL10), 20 (JL20), 30 (JL30) and 40% (JL40). Soybean
oil served as lipid source. Vitamin and mineral premix
(Agrimin Forte, Glaxo Smith Kline, Pharmaceuticals Ltd.,
Mumbai, India) was kept constant in all diets. The
experimental pellets were prepared after properly
mixing with boiling water and fortified with vitamin
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control diet for a week prior to the experiment. Ten
rohu fingerlings with an average weight of 16.38 g±0.25
g were randomly assigned in 150 L capacity fibre
reinforced plastic tanks containing 50 L water. The
feeding trials were conducted in triplicate tanks in an
indoor flow-through system. Tanks were plumbed with
a flow through water and the flow rate was maintained
at 1L/min for proper aeration. Stored ground water was
used for rearing of fish. All the fish were fed twice at
10.00 A.M and 4.00 P.M. with corresponding diet at a
daily feeding rate of 2% of body weight. The wet weight
of the fishes were recorded at 15 day interval for 60
days and the amount of feed given was adjusted every
sampling day based on the current weight of the fish.
Cleaning of the tank was done at 5 days interval and
excess feed was removed. Water quality parameters in

mineral mixture and oil followed by pelletization with each of the experimental tanks were monitored on daily
the help of hand pelletizer. The soft pellets were sun basis.
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dried, broken into small crumbles and packed in plastic
air tight containers and stored for feeding the fish.
The experiment was conducted at the Regional
Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara, Kolkata. The collected
fish were acclimatized to laboratory conditions and fed
Fish were weighed at fortnightly intervals and
mortality of fish was recorded. At the end of the
experiment, individual body weight of all fish per tank
was recorded. Net weight gain, feed conversion ratio
(FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth
rate (SGR) and percent survival rate were calculated

Tablle 1. Ingredients and proximate composition of different feeds containing jute leaf
Particular Treatment
JL 0 JL 10 JL 20 JL 30 JL 40
Ingredient (%)
Rice bran 30 22 12 05 05
Soyabean meal 32 30 30 27 35
Mutard oil cake 34 34 34 34 16
Jute leaf 0 10 20 30 40
Soybean oil 2 2 2 2 2
Vitamin & mineral mix. 2 2 2 2 2
Proximate composition(% DM basis)
DM 91.90±0.1 92.10±0.4 91.75±0.25 91.80±0.4 92.20±0.6
CP 25.75±0.19 26.06±0.14 26.78±0.06 27.34±0.35 26.84±0.16
EE 5.17±0.08 5.16±0.27 5.75±0.54 5.81±0.13 5.72±0.12
CF 7.55±0.06 6.9±0.1 5.80±0.11 5.49±0.12 5.33±0.18
Total ash 10.98±0.03 10.65±0.25 10.45±0.05 10.43±0.03 9.93±0.48
NFE 53.44±0.26 53.99±0.38 53.43±0.75 53.49±0.26 54.32±0.82
204
Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 2016. 33 (2): 203-207
 Singh et al.

Tablle 2. Growth performance of rohu fingerlings fed with different levels of jute leaf
Particular Treatment
JL 0 JL 10 JL 20 JL 30 JL 40
Initial wt (g) 16.19±0.51 16.99±0.21 16.03±0.14 15.41±0.36 17.25±0.42
Final wt (g) 18.78a±0.78 19.94ab±0.36 21.80b±0.20 19.52a±0.48 19.91ab±0.33
Net wt. gain (g) 2.58a±0.28 2.95a±0.56 5.84c±0.07 4.11b±012 2.66a±0.09
SGR (%/d) 0.25a±0.02 0.27a±0.05 0.52c±0.01 0.40b±0.01 0.24a±0.01
FCR 3.66b±0.34 3.84b±0.64 2.05a±0.01 2.54a±0.09 4.31b±0.19
PER 1.07a±0.09 1.03a±0.17 1.83c±0.02 1.44b±0.03 0.87a±0.05
DGC 1.43a±0.15 1.64a±0.31 3.25c±0.04 2.29b±0.07 1.48a±0.05
SFR 0.89a±0.03 1.01b±0.02 1.06b±0.02 1.01b±0.05 1.03b±0.01
a,b,c
Mean values bearing different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P<0.05)

(Castell and Tiews, 1980). Daily growth co-efficient 5.84±0.07, 4.11±012 and 2.66±0.09 g, respectively in
(DGC) were also calculated (Cowey, 1992). treatment JL0, JL10, JL20, JL30 and JL40, respectively.
Proximate composition of experimental diets prior The net weight gain in treatments JL20 was superior
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to feeding and fish carcass composition was determined (P<0.05) to other treatments including control. FCR PER
(AOAC, 1990). Water quality parameters such as pH, and SGR was also better in treatment JL 20 in
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DO and temperature were monitored following the comparison to other feed treatments. The survival of
methods of APHA (2005). Data were subjected to experimental fish ranged from 80-100%. The DGC was
statistical analysis of one-way ANOVA as per Snedecor higher (P<0.05) in JL20. The value of SFR was lower
and Cochran (1994) and the least significance (P<0.05) in control feed. It was observed that rohu
difference was used for comparison of the mean fingerlings fed on diets containing jute leaf powder up to
values. 20% had a higher weight gain, SGR and PER and
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION better FCR than the other treatments.
Jute leaf powder containd CP 16.78, EE 9.98, CF The values of water temperature, pH and
3.91, total ash 9.2 and AIA 0.03% (DM basis). The dissolved oxygen ranged between 25-27°C, 7.0-7.5 and
ingredient and proximate composition of different feeds 6.3-7.8 mg/L, respectively. The water quality
have been presented in Table 1. The protein, fat, fibre parameters were within the normal range for fish
and ash content were alike in different feed treatments. production (Rothius and Nhan, 1998) indicating that the
The growth performance of rohu fingerlings fish were not under stress condition. Kausar and Salim
under different treatments has been presented in Table (2006) reported that a temperature of 24 to 26°C is the
2. The net weight gain was 2.58±0.28, 2.95±0.56, most effective temperature for the growth of Labeo
Tablle 3. Carcass composition (% as such basis) of rohu fed on diet with jute leaf
Particular Initial sample Treatment
JL 0 JL 10 JL 20 JL 30 JL 40
Moisture 80.19b±0.07 80.19b±0.05 80.80c±0.20 79.99a±0.09 79.86a±0.17 80.44b±0.01
CP 12.44a±0.01 12.93c±0.02 12.65b±0.04 13.09d±0.05 13.07d±0.07 12.84c±0.02
EE 0.89a ±0.06 1.51c ±0.10 1.21b ±0.06 1.49c ±0.06 1.26b±0.01 1.12b±0.01
Total ash 2.06±0.005 2.18±0.11 1.78±0.05 1.94±0.06 2.14±0.05 2.13±0.09
a,b,c,d
Mean values bearing different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P<0.05)
205
Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 2016. 33 (2): 203-207
 Jute leaf as feed ingredient for Labeo rohita
rohita. Oxygen level above 5 mg/L has been
recommended for aquaculture (Ayyappan, 1996). The
standard tolerance limit for inland fish culture has been
reported to be 6.5-8.5 for pH (IS 2296-1982 standard).
The moisture content of rohu fingerlings was
higher (P<0.0.5) in treatment JL10. (Table 3) while
protein level was more (P<0.05) in treatment JL20. The
EE content content was higher (P<0.05) in treatmnets
JL20 and JL30. The inclusion of plant based feeds has
been reported to increase protein and fat levels in the
carcass of major carps (Nandeesha et al., 1995).
However, no significant differences were found in ash
content which is in agreement with the results of Garg
et al. (2002).
CONCLUSION
The jute leaf powder could be incorporated up to
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20% in the feed for Labeo rohita fingerlings without
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any adverse effects on growth, survival and body
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composition of the fish.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to the
Director, ICAR- CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Odisha, India
for providing necessary facilities to conduct the
experiment. The authors are grateful to the Director,
ICAR-Central Research Institute of Allied and Fibres,
Barrackpore, West Bengal, India for providing jute leaf
for conducting the experiment.
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Received on 02-01-2016 and accepted on 05-05-2016

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