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    AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

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    AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    22 views27 pages

    As2 Unit 3

    Uploaded by

    VIGNESH R
    AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 27
    AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE: eee ee SE AORTIC TUN The section shown in Figure is subjected ta vertical shear of 60 kN applied through shear center. Obtain the shear flow for the section. Areas of all the stringers are same and its equal to 70 em? For i the shear flow distribution in thin walled Z section whose -kness is t, height h, flange width I/2 and subjected to a ical load through shear centre, the shear flow distrubution and find the shear centre for section below. Thickness = 2 mm. ie 4on 12m ————5§] a1 expression for shear flow of an open tube of arbitrary ‘tion subjected to shear loads Sx and Sy without twist, 3.1. INTRODUCTION The solution for a shear loaded closed section beam (single- cell and Multi-cell) follows a similar patter to that described earlier in open section beam with two important differences, ‘The first difference is, the shear loads may be applied through Points in the cross-sestion other than the shear centre so that torsional 4s well as shear effects are included. ‘The second difference is itis generally not possible to choose an origin for ‘S’ at which the value of shear flow is known. So, here ‘We have to cut and open the section to make it statically determinate and proceed like open section, then based on some con: the section and complete it. 3.2. SHEAR CENTRE OF CLOSED SECTIONS y (2 . Scanned with CamScanner The shear centre of a elon Nl tt decried nape te td section Is located in a simit eentie(S) 10 tion beams. Th © location of shea, Coes ol SASEE. tome sd onthe tence ar othe seed se eee (eeeeeceee pee 7 = cedane | UF = erday of 88 sttorsarto rHcorr maser 16 ag ease ars grater |(qe crime nse) a (Cortera ane Integrating the above equation, we et, Sat = fqxasxe jo teae / anfun on \ The above equation is known as Bredt-Batho equation. SINGLE-CELL TUBES SUBJECTED TO TORSION Using B-B theory the angle of twist ean be ealeulated and it ‘has considered strain energy inthis tube (Refer figure 3.2). ‘Angle of twist, (was = 24a) = Lester ses Saran ‘gore 3.3: Cut sectional closed celtebe Assumptions: \ ob! i vue The losed tube is hin and prismatic” ‘© Torque is applied on the end fixtures. i arenas . (3.2) we Scanned with CamScanner a amerarrornyorunes-n | sHEARFLOWN CLOSED SECTIONS We know that, fe=3] sph . eqn get? 36 2 | shearmodels= SESE es “2 . since he section i subjected ope shea. Therefore th et aie aye we 0 strain enerey, According to Castiplana’s second hese, ay = Zor Volume = Bxexee Matiply and vide by 2 05) doxde a ay = 2 ira c “is is the equation for angle of wis in a seal 04 clr toe sujet 1 tre Angle oftwsyUritlngtsB = tntgeting the above equation on both ids We ee : Te) os - »- [5% fee @3) MM a , evnescnntvinestmgnussntc Where, Lis line enotosed by median ie. eens Since te shear fw constant nce sain 50 Ne ur Sali shat subjected to torsion trcosurbametiaes ae may vary with espesto position. a rue qunon be ould be solved. ee orca iS .ce, the length ofthe tube st Scanned with CamScanner a a Compare equation (3d 3.7), TL oa Inthe equation (3.8), for solid sha, Area, A= ae a epost on 38) G9) | steanevowmctoseo secnows Problem 3.1 walled tube Case I: From B-B theory, ase + = at Scanned with CamScanner T a E(ot-at) = Fes)" -@0)'] = 4) fS--3] TT ae ener tone [SHEAR FLOWINCLOSED SECTIONS 39 +2 Ylen 6 ime GE, 0) tla +8) From equation (i) and iv) Scanned with CamScanner ey “ Fromeqution(), fess 8 an Fras 2 «oss Pra=ts 3 <9 ' So ffom the above discussion, when a value increases, the rea obtained by Breadt-Batho theory is enacly colnces wine span ett. .) when he tbeisrelavely thinner th aceuney ofthis formula shou increase, Problem 32 ach end. A ppled to the beau at iis sess inthe Beam ilinited wig Nmon' and maximum angle of twist to 2, calla ae 1m thickness of sie eam walls, Take G = 25 MPm. ‘The org is applied at the mid-span. So maximum torques, aac” 1S KN = ie From the equation 3.1, ate "TAG 15x10" ‘om Sex (Ou) «200% 10° 937 10m (9 ‘The maximum angle of wit, equation 3.5) nm fe *- G86 at TL ‘t fon” TRG as Nether terror ease aa = 2.7357" 10m © (Sas Scanned with CamScanner 3.5. SHEAR FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN THIN-WALLED, SINGLE-CELL STRUCTURES SUBJECTED. TO COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION {is ditcultto find the value of shear low na closed section, sine there is no reference point (where shear ow 8 70), based ‘on which the shear low a ether points are evaluated. So, we have tocut and open the scton, then fi the shear flow for open section ‘and based on condition for zero twist. (Already we discussed about this earier in introduction, chapter 3.1). Vertical load 1 Wall A-B, Due to eccentric loading bending a wells torsion will occu. vi Open Figure 2.5: Closed cellanbjected taeccentilaad Lettorque, «T= Vxe ‘The shear flow for open section is, ‘The shear flow for closed seal shear flow), @,= q0 The shear flow due to torsion is, T aAl cally indeterminate HeARFLOWIN.CLOSED SECTIONS a3 sueanruommenosepsecnons SP So the net shear flow acting on a closed section, atang ‘Tomake acutneat*A’and open the section to make’t statically determinate ‘heat flow in AB aa = Liste 06) um 1-84) Scanned with CamScanner so = Si [ns-s)] MPOMA,S = 0 > geo ‘AtpoiMB, S = hh > qa= 0 Apint, $= hg 2 Shear Now in BC Ge = ae Efytds seanrLow n cLoseo secroNs a AepoimB, $= aH Atpoint, 8 = b> » : Amin $= Ba stear ow in CD veh _ vif hs a tL vib _ ve = Yih _Was st) Atpointc,$ © 0 => ge = yw ee aes hth _ vhte te Bee 2a 8 Scanned with CamScanner Shear Now in DA q= 0 To find the shear flow on indeterminate section (closed-setion) Shear flow in closed section i, ta = oo Eifs-#) ae = oO Yad. gst) ea = ~~ ay Vit big 2 ab 8) sweanrLowm cLosco secTions heo 8 saa Since the shea load "Vis ating tough he shar ent. So the wis per nit length equation (3.6) becomes ze “The wat per uni length fr different sections, [fs fee fuoree Ae = ie vnaes , vits? eS - Sa Scanned with CamScanner anenarrermucTunes. : one or ‘Arca, we disetsed about zero twist o = Beefy tan) 2AGt length. So, veh 2 0 ‘Weave to ad the value of “yt the shear low forthe each Point onthe section. The we get shear Now for closed section, For Section AB, veo a vib aoe Yb sNeAnrLowmeccosen secrions wo ano For Section CD, vith en aT ont eo aT vneb | vate ea For Section DA, heb aT vat a ano ‘There is no twist occur on the section, Because the shear load is acting through shear centre. ‘The shear flow due to wisting is zero 80, the srvture, the above founded values are the resultant values For Scanned with CamScanner Fewe Probie “oN Figure single cell rectangular bears carrying the load (of 100 N as mentioned. Find the internal resisting shear flom section ABCD. sem ‘EAR FLOWN cLOBED SECTIONS ‘The ston i symmetie about we MATA TATA Rt ADA Ae (2000510) (10005, 29) (294085110) +0 {Gor 05) + (id G05) + (207005) {lorax} tan PP saga? Otx10 , 005210" , Car aaa: ‘Shear flow in AB y = gy Mlytes aua= a6 -YSy 100 an = &- BIG 095)4 (eo=ae=0Aals AtpointA, S50 > Y= AtpoinB, $= 20> qp= q-8Nem ye ‘hear flow in BC quc = W090 Scanned with CamScanner = 8-28 1(5-sy 005) ws aot] AtpoineB, $= q Apoinc, $= 10 Npoink, § = 5 ‘Si tow in co + 0-1-6 sy005 0 > = a-teaes amin. $= 4 min, SteutorieDa > 8 Nem 4 = G8 Nem = G9 Nem Y fe = G8 Nem S=0 weg te = 606 Liye + 610-2 iEs-sifone o-5] MHD, $= gy ay Api = 1, a = | Mme Ses ge ae 3 Assume the clockwise sheaflow. Take moment about (load line) point , [%-s.0-0)- [Loser] (0-sots3}-[2eraoe 200 4)~ 1600+ B00 +200, ‘Thee shear ow in all points are, 1600-13333 = 0 % = 6333 Nem = 1.667 Nem Ge = 1667 Nem 333 Nem 4 * 8333 Niem = 2.667 Nem % =O a= o pop ppt tt tlds | Scanned with CamScanner ssaimen ff y Problem 3.5 7 ° > > > > Fiero. t0 Figaro. menart s1RUCTURES I ‘a here we have find the position of and From the prnsipal foqlater! Wang, 136 SINGLE CELL CLOSED STRUCTURES(WALLS INEFFECTIVE) _SHEARFLOW CLOSED SECTIONS a5 « open the reture to make i telly determinate a a » = en? dem? Y= Sem (Every pot) ‘The section is symmevical about xxx. by 1922-34, “The shea low in open section, Scanned with CamScanner {et close the section and add “qn everybere 10 maks the section be ally indeterminate stature ay = qyets3333 den = 9) -66.5667 om > @ ‘Assume the shear lad is acting though the sear center. So, P~0. (Equation 3.6) He tLe ayy 2000 8 = aa Joe a aan 13 139-200, 4 iy B > FRG L 840010) + 49c(20) + aco (10) + don (20)] Fer Section cD, = Shaq lO dan + 2040 + 104¢0 + 20404] Fromeur assumption, Haan 2045+ 10 Qcy+20 Gon = 0 "Ole + 193.3333] 206) 1a» 66.6671+20¢0 = 0 a ‘ ; 4 $0, aun = 1222222 Nem ave = L1H Nem 0 = 77.7778 Nrem ox = HII Nem rr Scanned with CamScanner 7777 om SSS Ta ee Foren Take moment about boom ‘A, {G11 20)" 101+ 027174 10)+20)~ 20006 Torque, TT EN—ae ‘As far as we hae solved the (ie. toad is acting through shear Problem based onthe sssmption We have to add the shear flow do entre). So, 0 go fractal ease, fo toga ims F210 GRRE Nea] gta eARrLonmcLoseD secrons ‘There the eset Now on be src is eatin 3.1) a= ara -¥Eay, 10 = csr em we 7 aN fe = 330M fon = 3332348 Problem 3 Determine the shear Now and shear centre for these shown ie gure 3.18, guea.tt Scanned with CamScanner 7 - 3.30 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES - Ii Solution: Let q and qp be the two shear flows exist in the closed section. Assume there is clockwise moment acting on it. 1000 N qNicm Figure 3.15 Taking moment about boom ‘A’, [la srspasdo[ae{(228).(Lersnafea]- 1000%25 187.5 qo + 678.3739 q2 = 25000 2 = 28.8726 Nem Apply the force equilibrium, (using projected length) (a1 * 25)- (qo * 25) = 1000 Scanned with CamScanner > > SHEAR FLOW IN CLOSED SECTIONS amcuromennen, | mparonmecemmecrom arr saeco Fe Consider a multi-cell tube having 3 sections and subjected 10 1 se ee a ta im “The shear flow on the corresponding sections are ay, qs and qx and > coca : foe min ee ran : fr ? Addition to ths equation, we have use the compatibility condition > : eee a pa nee & a Dt 1 or pn do ee 5 ‘centre. —— tote este cae en > Pecan Uhickness of 04 cm. Take, G= 25 penn ee aoe eye oo ase fos 22) samen : wal PEO (297 TORSIONAL SHEAR FLOW IN MULTL-CELL TUBES i a ‘Figure 3.18 Area, Ay = 1010 = 100em? ‘Area, Az = 10%20 = 2000" “Trsional shear flow on muli-cell sete, (aon 311) T= UAatha) @fo]s - ata = 0 om Figure 3.17: Mati-calltabe state ttre — OEE, Scanned with CamScanner ancosrvarminmas» | a enewevcarnen secon A 1 Beynon 12 A V4) Vom eyo) ce + ita Jum a ‘Auge obenostni ert, lO Hom +104 104, 4,9} toe pail 14304 10K 4) + Syl et sansa 4 104, gy _ 10 [0 Jane - 100s} Wo Simprasrit al spb 530) -1007307) Bae. a, = tote Si ae LD cies 7 0 ia” * Proview 38 Ma” tay oa" bu * i oi) From equation (i), 5 FU a 0 i pu 9 (§, 173077 Wem) eee Scanned with CamScanner BB theory, egution 3.11) P= sg tm @ Aad Js + 0620)» 20. ‘Angle of twist per unit length, ie Agr" Be at maa Jo 06) eat AG [au(s) + (41-93) «20) aT aTBe cosa PtH + 78-763) 1 By = (05155q,-02122%) 6) t= ay fo “veARPLoWMCLOSEDSECTINS su) 16s #160 #208, amoral Ef-aroiag +037%,-010%] 49 oo aia Jo semabaaraMer stom +200 +188) ‘By compstiliycoiton, (eqn 3.12) B= = 91667 #050, 05455q\-0212@ ost55qi 00185 q-95q= 0 Bao 910124, 0375 q)- 0108249 = 046677058 vi) 60824 -a10i2q, +5817 2-8 By solving eansions, (9.002910, 1 gy = 65.6589 ge = 840183 Nem ay = 63.93 em ——=—— Scanned with CamScanner sheanrronmctosee secvoNs / 2 sanrremucrnes4 Setting theese negation Using oma constions. equation 3.12) BB aids Taal, [Sst 42 -<)] (054859, -021229,) Problem 3.9 Find the shear fo tn the cl ni Leet for strat |, 09, , 6554, 125" O8 a 40 ees sq +3409, 393] “15094 +340, +6045 |S a20q, ease, 226451) = 1ST So, the equation (i), becomes, : 5 "romequton3.14, T= 2ara1+ Arg) 40000 = 21700004, + 250000 Tat 25q° 5 bel [a= C1013 Nima ~) Scanned with CamScanner “Ancnarrsreuerunes Angle ot wisi engi, 1 “Pass 8 ne Is 26) 9 > srr [$40 #0, -a)] FavaTTG 0 6 og, = abggll¥0-0101)-pusoins) | 3.8 FLEXURAL SHEAR FLOW IN MULTI-CELL STRUCTURES Problem 3.10 Determin centre for the two cell J structure N21. Also find the twist per wait length. Solution: , 00m] >” NEAR FLOWN LOBED SECTIONS aa (ea boom A aed acter in Make one eatin btm pt ‘apportion nea boom Cn le 1s ay © 22 «5) 426434) 120865) 1 > ecoent ‘Shear Now in eel, 300 Nem Scanned with CamScanner ae = 80 £099) = m0 LM 6.5 oo 1etaioto be ad the shear ow fr cel, 30 = gue 100 ee > 4191300 = Ge ‘Shear Now in 2ce, a =~ Tere) a). sree ro = 4a ¥ (Ay 34) ee = Aue -F (Me YO) = 0 20 605) Lago fe sh flow re wre ee = ae 0 wre ee antl cman rae f= anes 300 fe tote 0 Assume the shear low in clockwise direction. Scanned with CamScanner ~ 2 2 > > ) , ae anlasrlamlcres. ‘sHeAnrLowwcLoseD SECTIONS a Take moment about point ‘D', My = 0. — 175478 Wor an * 10) = 10} Kane « 10)» 10} SF * Hace 15) 1016 (aur = 10) 15) = 0 s| {Th exon ! Is 2063 = 280 0.15) 3| ! dt I Bysrbing compas con y= hy e| | ie iE Fatale + ae ao +g) 10) t= - [sect ] ea Ge +1599 + eco Ban = -800 0.16) ‘By solving equation, .15).0.16), Qe = 73.5294 Nem @e = 17.6471 Nicm The net shear ow, Qua = -173.5294 Nem Qc = ~73.5294 Nem 7 24.1176 Nem x = 73.5294 Nem Gee = 17.6471 Nem Qe = 182352Niem 41m = 17.6471 Nem “Tofind he shear ceo, (The dis ating ough ses cents) ‘Take momest shout point D, (6000 6) = -4(173.5294 10) 10)-(17.6471 = 15)=10) + 3520410) 10}+ (182.352 *10)= 15), -17352.94 2647065 +7352.94 9273528 = -20000.005+34705:78 soe = 4705.05 Twisv Uitte, a 86) shail “ . + Gawrailtte— an #20] Saigy 4x -785098) +7647 + 200) Scanned with CamScanner ‘Wo MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS resin see ea oF Brat theory 9 Theclonet bei thin sad primar 1 Torte is ppd on te nd © Wriogisocatoned Deine Warping Wen oe is detent swaping ted 0 & closed prismatic section, i the wierhan the ros sectional planes noe TT er Atlee srectere onder to harlow fled single ste wd scaly dccmnne ying res aha econ fata snow dation one tre Ta 240 carved ne carries» Shea am tnion T= Ay ‘eine ten ton fer ononer anoned in question 3 f twist per unit leageh fo awa] > and What is Neuber tubes? ‘na closed cll structure some tubes will ot warp under torsion, such tubes are called Neuber tubes, Eg: Circular tube with constant thi constant thickness ‘When does compatibility condition exists? ‘fos body is deformed without breaking, without stretching, in bending, without interpenetration of articles ‘hen compatability is sid to exist in the body. ness and square tube with apr afap a9 poe Pa Scanned with CamScanner ‘nimcrart srveTURES9 10, suae Cangian's 1 encorem "tts hat. the pat erative sein ney wih eget 'wanysapacemestis dircty proportion othe appl eas ne 1, State Castiglione’ 2 theorem. {esta hatte pala of ince wih eset ‘10 the applied load is equal othe comespondng di ier “ Greet Because ontop ce ale scar which carries less = i When mult-cel structure subjected torque here is‘ number of equations and ‘n +1" gumber of unknowns are te obtained. So there isa need of more equation find unknowns. Heoee, mulicellstrctze subjected to trgue is statically inca 14, Ding betets Set an Cnet [x] stew coi 1 [aps pe sghe THis system of forces applied ‘on a body that produces a resultant moment or trque, body, and a forces applied long this plane, tent called shear force. but not a force. They are unaligned force at | A couple cause rotation withoo fendto moveabody in | translation in body. opposite direction, sveaRFLOWNCLOSEDSECTINS ow the torque ‘Ma errr by ser ond ie vg ea geet DeRNecgues nde malyneoane an ont “iecndct ee apt wig son mm rege ty tend apycaon. 8. te pret ‘edad ere when sr singin ced ion. sabe to see esas th “The Shear St Theatr inn (nd eet pea tee TEEGoy'Se nen he setionteam Dhaest hin BE Aiebaat member caress more oa eomarativey trick or soiaseionasbea (4 is inversely proportional wo the “The equation for hear sues, yo. fs emew Questions oh : Te ue nung ft iba on 1, Siam raced snc wT =2 M4 3 baste we bent 3, Tele eneairasomtans her owe a fhe set Hw a a rx derin te show ne oi sete nerorit a «nm ne seen shen Sw weed» a ea ww a vertical vin te sear fw ina er em Fi pincee sneha Scanned with CamScanner ye socnare err sveanniowmetoseo scons » SEE the shear low and ind the hereon 4. esering shee center af «singly symmetie tore! tbe amas Ye ofthe section shown na a Fnwe Leta= sOemb=20cmande™ Oem Senn nt ‘own in Figure Cros sectional sea of eth boom 2 en Wl mopeds oat a 7 |.

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