Elements

1. What is the difference between an atom and molecule? Or function of atom

and molecule.

Atom
An atom is the smallest
particle of an element
It shows all the properties of
the element.
It is indivisible in chemical
reaction.
It retains its identity during a
chemical reaction.
It does not exit in Free State
as a single atom but the
atoms of noble gases are
found as single atoms.
Molecule
A molecule is the smallest particle of an
element or a compound.
It shows all the properties of the element
or the compound.
It is divisible in chemical reaction.
It does not retain its identity during a
chemical reaction.
It exists in free state.

2. What are the naturally occurring elements?

The number of naturally occurring is 92. Some of these elements are:
Oxygen, Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur, Iron, silver, copper, mercury,
aluminum, sodium and calcium.
3. Elaborate the percentage of some important elements present in earth’s
crust.

Percentage of some elements found in earth’s crust

Element Percentage Element Percentage

Amount Amount
Oxygen 50 Silicon 26
Aluminum 7 Iron 4
Calcium 3 Potassium 2.5
Sodium 2.5 Magnesium 2
Hydrogen 0.14 Other elements 3
4. What are the artificially prepared elements?
Human efforts have been successful in transforming one element into another.
For example uranium metal has been transformed into plutonium during the
project which led to the development of atomic bomb
5. How elements are classified/or what is the classification of elements?

The elements found in this world are classified into two main groups
depending upon their characteristics. These are metals and non metals.

6. What is the difference between metals and non-metals or what are the
properties of metals and non metals?
Metals
 Metals generally exist in solid state at room temperature.
 Metals show a typical luster called metallic luster.
 Metals are usually heavier than non metals.
 Metals are usually hard.
 Metals have high melting and boiling point.
 Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity
 Metals can be drawn into foils and wires.
Non metals
 Non metals exist in all the three physical state at room temperature.
 Non metals do not show metallic luster.
 Non metals have less density as compared to metals
 Non metals cannot be drawn into foils and wires.
 Solid non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling.
7. What are the metalloids?
Metalloids are those elements which resemble both metals and non metals in
their properties.
 This is not a large group of elements and classifies them into metals and
non-metals is not at all easy.
 Boron, silicon. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids.
 These elements are lustrous and conduct electricity, these are
properties of metals.
 They react with oxygen and form acidic oxides; this is a property of non-
metals.
 8. What are the uses of common metals?
 Iron is used to manufacture girders, railway trucks ships etc
 Copper being a good conductor, is used to manufacture electric wires. Copper
is also a component of some important alloys like brass, bronze and German
silver.
 Aluminum utensils are often used in kitchen. Electric wires, conductors, parts
of cars and truck etc are made from aluminum.
 Gold is used in the ornaments. Many precious objects like medals crowns etc..
 Gold and silver is also used in electroplating. Fine wire of gold is used in gold
wire embroidery.
9. What are the uses of common non- metals?
 Carbon has different uses depending upon its different types of allotropes.
Like diamond and graphite have following uses
 Diamond is used to prepare ornaments and crowns of kings natural diamonds
are used to make holes in rocks. Fine piece of diamond are used in precious
watches to protect the wear and tear of various parts.
 Graphite gives mark when it is rubbed on a surface therefore it is used
with clay in pencils.
It is also used to prepare crucibles, which are used to melt certain metals.
 Carbon has property to absorb colour and odour, so it is used in sugar industry.
 Nitrogen is being filled electric bulbs. Nitrogen is a food for plants; hence it is
used to prepare such compounds as urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium
sulphate which are used as fertilizers.
 Sulphur is used to prepare sulphuric asid, Matchstick and gun powder are
prepared from sulphur.To increase the strength and industry of rubber, sulphur
is mixed with it.