PAST MODALS(MODAL+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE)

● Regret/criticism

I failed the exam. I should/ought to have studied.

I shouldn´t/ought not to have cheated on my boyfriend. He broke up with me.

● Not necessary, but it was done.

I needn´t have bought those shoes, but I loved them since I saw them.

You needn´t have gone to school. It was closed.

● Possibility
My brother was driving too fast. He might/may have had an accident.

I haven´t received your letter, it might have got lost.

Cruz Azul could have won a lot of tournaments, but they have lost in the last minute.

My sister went to a casino, she could have lost her money.

● 90% sure something happened.

He didn´t come to school. He must have been sick.

She must have bought the TV, it was on sale.

● 90% sure something didn´t happen.

She can´t/couldn´t have stuck to the diet. She didn´t lose any weight.

My brother can´t/couldn´t have played with his friends, he was studying.