5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

Philippine Law Reviewers

Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40

JAN 24
Posted by Magz
Art. 31. Effect of the penalties of perpetual or temporary special disqualification. — The penalties of
perpetual or temporal special disqualification for public office, profession or calling shall produce the
following effects:

1. The deprivation of the office, employment, profession or calling affected;

2. The disqualification for holding similar offices or employments either perpetually or during the
term of the sentence according to the extent of such disqualification.

Art. 32. Effect of the penalties of perpetual or temporary special disqualification for the exercise of the
right of suffrage. — The perpetual or temporary special disqualification for the exercise of the right of
suffrage shall deprive the offender perpetually or during the term of the sentence, according to the
nature of said penalty, of the right to vote in any popular election for any public office or to be elected
to such office. Moreover, the offender shall not be permi ed to hold any public office during the
period of his disqualification.

Temporary disqualification if imposed is an accessory penalty, its duration is that of the principal
penalty
Effects of Perpetual and Temporary Special Disqualification

a. For public office, profession, or calling

1. Deprivation of the office, employment, profession or calling affected

2. Disqualification for holding similar offices or employment during the period of disqualification

b. For the exercise of the right of suffrage

1. Deprivation of the right to vote or to be elected in an office.

2. Cannot hold any public office during the period of disqualification.

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5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

Art. 33. Effects of the penalties of suspension from any public office, profession or calling, or the right
of suffrage. — The suspension from public office, profession or calling, and the exercise of the right of
suffrage shall disqualify the offender from holding such office or exercising such profession or calling
or right of suffrage during the term of the sentence.

The person suspended from holding public office shall not hold another having similar functions
during the period of his suspension.

Effects:

a Disqualification from holding such office or the exercise of such profession or right of suffrage
during the term of the sentence.

b Cannot hold another office having similar functions during the period of suspension.

Art. 34. Civil interdiction. — Civil interdiction shall deprive the offender during the time of his
sentence of the rights of parental authority, or guardianship, either as to the person or property of any
ward, of marital authority, of the right to manage his property and of the right to dispose of such
property by any act or any conveyance inter vivos.

Effects:

a. Deprivation of the following rights:

1. Parental rights
2. Guardianship over the ward
3. Martial authority
4. Right to manage property and to dispose of the same by acts inter vivos

b. Civil Interdiction is an accessory penalty to the following principal penalties

1. If death penalty is commuted to life imprisonment

2. Reclusion perpetua
3. Reclusion temporal

He can dispose of such property by will or donation mortis causa

Art. 35. Effects of bond to keep the peace. — It shall be the duty of any person sentenced to give bond
to keep the peace, to present two sufficient sureties who shall undertake that such person will not
commit the offense sought to be prevented, and that in case such offense be commi ed they will pay
the amount determined by the court in the judgment, or otherwise to deposit such amount in the
office of the clerk of the court to guarantee said undertaking.

The court shall determine, according to its discretion, the period of duration of the bond.

Should the person sentenced fail to give the bond as required he shall be detained for a period which
shall in no case exceed six months, is he shall have been prosecuted for a grave or less grave felony,
and shall not exceed thirty days, if for a light felony.
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5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

Bond to keep the peace is different from bail bond which is posted for the provisional release of a
person arrested for or accused of a crime. Bond to keep the peace or for good behavior is imposed as
a penalty in threats.

Art. 36. Pardon; its effect. — A pardon shall not work the restoration of the right to hold public office,
or the right of suffrage, unless such rights be expressly restored by the terms of the pardon.

A pardon shall in no case exempt the culprit from the payment of the civil indemnity imposed upon
him by the sentence.

Pardon by the President does not restore the right to public office or suffrage except when both are
expressly restored in the pardon. Nor does it exempt from civil liability/from payment of civil
indemnity.
Limitations to President’s power to pardon:

a can be exercised only after final judgment

b does not extend to cases of impeachment

c does not extinguish civil liability – only criminal liability

Pardon granted in general terms does not include accessory penalties.

Exceptions:
Pardon by the offended party – does not extinguish criminal liability, may include offended party
waiving civil indemnity and it is done before the institution of the criminal prosecution and extended
to both offenders.

1. if the absolute pardon us granted after the term of imprisonment has expire, it removes all that is left
of the consequences of conviction. However, if the penalty is life imprisonment and after the service
of 30 years, a pardon is granted, the pardon does not remove the accessory penalty of absolute
perpetual disqualification
2. if the facts and circumstances of the case show that the purpose of the President is to precisely restore
the rights i.e., granting absolute pardon after election to a post (mayor) but before the date fixed by
law for assuming office to enable him to assume the position in deference to the popular will

Art. 37. Cost. — What are included. — Costs shall include fees and indemnities in the course of the
judicial proceedings, whether they be fixed or unalterable amounts previously determined by law or
regulations in force, or amounts not subject to schedule.

Costs include:
Costs (expenses of the litigation) are chargeable to the accused in vase of conviction.
In case of acqui al, the costs are de oficio, each party bearing is own expense
No costs allowed against the Republic of the Philippines until law provides the contrary

1. fees
2. indemnities in the course of judicial proceedings

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5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

Art. 38. Pecuniary liabilities. — Order of payment. — In case the property of the offender should not
be sufficient for the payment of all his pecuniary liabilities, the same shall be met in the following
order:

1. The reparation of the damage caused.

2. Indemnification of consequential damages.

3. The fine.

4. The cost of the proceedings.

Applicable “in case property of the offender should not be sufficient for the payment of all his
pecuniary liabilities.” Hence, if the offender has insufficient or no property, there is no use for Art 38.
Order of payment is mandatory
Example: Juan inflicted serious physical injuries against Pedro and took the la er’s watch and ring.
He incurred 500 worth of hospital bills and failed to earn 300 worth of salary. Given that Juan only
has 1000 pesos worth of property not exempt from execution, it shall be first applied to the payment
of the watch and ring which cannot be returned as such is covered by “reparation of the damage
caused” thus, no. 1 in the order of payment. The 500 and 300 are covered by “indemnification of the
consequential damage” thus, no. 2 in the order of payment.

Art. 39. Subsidiary penalty. — If the convict has no property with which to meet the fine mentioned
in the paragraph 3 of the nest preceding article, he shall be subject to a subsidiary personal liability at
the rate of one day for each eight pesos, subject to the following rules:

1. If the principal penalty imposed be prision correccional or arresto and fine, he shall remain under
confinement until his fine referred to in the preceding paragraph is satisfied, but his subsidiary
imprisonment shall not exceed one-third of the term of the sentence, and in no case shall it continue
for more than one year, and no fraction or part of a day shall be counted against the prisoner.

2. When the principal penalty imposed be only a fine, the subsidiary imprisonment shall not exceed
six months, if the culprit shall have been prosecuted for a grave or less grave felony, and shall not
exceed fifteen days, if for a light felony.

3. When the principal imposed is higher than prision correccional, no subsidiary imprisonment shall
be imposed upon the culprit.

4. If the principal penalty imposed is not to be executed by confinement in a penal institution, but
such penalty is of fixed duration, the convict, during the period of time established in the preceding
rules, shall continue to suffer the same deprivations as those of which the principal penalty consists.

5. The subsidiary personal liability which the convict may have suffered by reason of his insolvency
shall not relieve him, from the fine in case his financial circumstances should improve. (As amended
by RA 5465, April 21, 1969.)

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5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

There is no subsidiary penalty for non-payment of reparation, indemnification and costs in par 1, 2
and 4 of Art 38. It is only for fines.
Art 39 applies only when the convict has no property with which to meet the fine in par 3 of art 38.
Thus, a convict who has property enough to meet the fine and not exempted from execution cannot
choose to serve the subsidiary penalty instead of the payment of the fine.
Subsidiary imprisonment is not an accessory penalty. It is covered by Art 40-45 of this Code.
Accessory penalties are deemed imposed even when not mentioned while subsidiary imprisonment
must be expressly imposed.

Rules:

PENALTY IMPOSED LENGTH OF SUBSIDIARY PENALTY

Prision correccional or arresto and Not exceed 1/3 of term of sentence, in no

fine case more than 1 year fraction or part of a
day not counted.
Fine only Not to exceed 6 months if prosecuted for
grave or less grave felony, not to exceed 15
days if prosecuted for light felony
Higher than prision correccional No subsidiary imprisonment
Not to be executed by confinement Same deprivations as those of the principal
but of fixed duration penalty under rules 1, 2 and 3 above
If financial circumstances improve, convict still to pay the fine even if he has suffered subsidiary
personal liability.
the penalty imposed must be PC, AM, Am, suspension, destierro and fine only. – other than these
(PM, RT, RP) court cannot impose subsidiary penalty.
Even if the penalty imposed is not higher than PC, if the accused is a habitual delinquent who
deserves an additional penalty of 12 yrs and 1 day of RT, there is no subsidiary imprisonment.

Art. 40. Death — Its accessory penalties. — The death penalty, when it is not executed by reason of
commutation or pardon shall carry with it that of perpetual absolute disqualification and that of civil
interdiction during thirty years following the date sentence, unless such accessory penalties have
been expressly remi ed in the pardon.

Reference:

Criminal Law Book 1 Reviewer

Ateneo Central Bar Operations 2001

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5/8/2021 Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 – 40 | Philippine Law Reviewers

About Magz

First of all, I am not a lawyer. I'm a graduate of AB Political Science and went to the College of Law but stopped
going to law school for some reasons. I'm a passionate teacher who has been teaching English to speakers of other
languages and a person who likes writing and blogging. I lost some important files and software when my
computer broke down so the reason I created this website is to preserve the notes, reviewers and digests I collected
when I was at the law school and at the same time, I want to help out law students who do not have enough time to
go and read books in the library.
View all posts by Magz »
Posted on January 24, 2012, in Criminal Law and tagged Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 31 - 40. Bookmark
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