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 NUMBERS-1

Mathematical Formulae:

• 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2
• (1² + 2² + 3² + ….. + n²) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) / 6
• (1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ….. + n³) = (n(n + 1)/ 2)²
• Sum of first n odd numbers = n²
• Sum of first n even numbers = n (n + 1)
• (a – b)² = (a² + b² – 2ab)
• (a + b)² = (a² + b² + 2ab)
• (a + b)(a – b) = (a² – b²)
• (a + b)² = (a² + b² + 2ab)
• (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
• (a³ – b³) = (a – b)(a² + ab + b²)
• (a³ + b³) = (a + b)(a² – ab + b²)
• (a³ + b³ + c³ – 3abc) = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² – ab – bc – ac)
• When a + b + c = 0, then a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc
• (a + b)^n = an + (nC1)an-1b + (nC2)an-2b² + … + (nCn-1)abn-1 + bn

Properties of numbers:

• For any positive integer n:

The product of any ‘n’ consecutive positive integers is divisible by n!
Hence n(n^2-1) is divisible by 6.

• For a prime number ‘p’ and whole number ‘a’, a^p – a is divisible by 6.
• Square of a number can neither end with an odd number of zeroes nor with 2,3,7,8.
• Product of two even numbers is even.
• Product of two odd numbers is odd.
• Product of odd and even numbers is even.
CAT Questions:

1. If x = (16^3+17^3+18^3+19^3), then x divided by 70 leaves a remainder of

(a)0 (b)1 (c)69 (d)35

2. What is the remainder when 4^96 is divided by 6?
(a)0 (b)2 (c)3 (d)4
3. The remainder, when (15^23 + 23^23) is divided by 19, is

(a)4 (b)15 (c)0 (d)18

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Answer Key:
1(a) 2(d) 3(c)