CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter primarily presents the different researches and other literatures form both

foreign and local researchers, which have significant bearings on the variables included in the

research. It focuses on several aspects that will help in the development of this study. The study

is generally concentrating on the negative impact of emotional abuse to the psychological

development of adolescents an online student information system. The literatures of this study

come from books, journals, articles, electronic materials such as PDF or E-Book, and other

existing theses and dissertations, foreign and local that are believed to be useful in the

advancement of awareness concerning the study.

Related Literature

Every adolescent has different problem; family problem, one sided love, discrimination,

and the society that judging one’s person. It may be the main person that abuse the victim or a

group of people that judge each other. What really is emotional abuse and Why does it affect so

much in the adolescents in this generation.

According to Plumptre (2021), emotional abuse may take different forms that can cause a

victim to feel wounded, worthless, and anxious. In emotional abuse victims are more likely to

suffer from depression and anxiety. It's not uncommon for an abused partner to develop phobias

or alcohol and substance abuse problems. Moreover, Emotional Abuse has different effects to

each and every one of us who is experiencing this kind of abuse. In connection to this, anxiety

about social situations. Emotional abuse in adolescents may lead to social anxiety disorder.

Emotional violence towards adolescents is defined as non-physical forms of hostile treatment

that have a detrimental effect on the minor’s health and their psychological development. In this

study it includes verbally harassing, disparaging, criticizing, threatening and ridiculing and these

acts are intentional and convey to a minor that he/she is worthless. Impact of emotional abuse to

the psychological development of adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem.

Telloian, (2022) at adults from Israel, when that person instills feelings of shame and

inadequacy, as well as self-criticism, making it more fearful when interacting with others.

Depression, emotional abuse is strongly linked to adult depression. This can occur when

behaviors undermine your capacity for self-compassion and foster shame. Eating disorders are

common. When emotional abuse causes excessive self-criticism, you are more likely to develop

an eating disorder, such as binge eating, bulimia, or anorexia. Negative effects of emotional

abuse impact to adolescents functioning in several ways. For example, research has shown that

the negative impact of emotional abuse in adolescent increases the risk of aggression and social

withdrawal in early adolescence and poor socioemotional competence in adulthood.

The condition between depression and anxiety has driven research to identify unique and

shared risk factors. Symptoms of depression and anxiety iwhereas intervening emotional abuse,

peer victimization, and hopelessness. According to Thompson, R. (2012), it indicated that

emotional abuse was a specific predictor of increases in both depressive symptoms and

symptoms of social, physical, and total anxiety, whereas relationally oriented peer victimization

predicted depressive symptoms specifically. In addition of this literature, hopelessness mediated

the relationships between emotional abuse and increases in symptoms of depression and social

anxiety. These suggest that emotional abuse and relevant to the psychological development of

adolescence and that hopelessness may be one mechanism through which the impact of

emotional abuse contributes to an increased risk of depression and social anxiety in the
psychological development of adolescents. According to Dr. Dimalanta in UNILAB team

(2019), half of all mental health conditions cause by emotional abuse start by the psychological

development of adolescents and this condition accounts for 16 percent of the global burden of

disease and injury in people. Will unfortunately, in most cases I’ve study are undetected and

untreated. On the other hand, depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability

among adolescents while suicide is the fourth leading. The ongoing pandemic only made matters

worse, the impact of emotional abuse disorders like depression and anxiety, eating disorders,

psychosis, suicide and self-harm, and risks taking behaviors. “Risk-taking behaviors such as

substance abuse and promiscuity all starts in adolescence. This kind of behavior can be both an

unhelpful strategy to cope with poor mental health and can severely impact an adolescent’s

psychological development. To ABS CBN NEWS (2015), psychology today says the impact of

emotional abuse tends to be more damaging than physical abuse because the former is cyclical

while the latter usually happens daily. The other factor that makes emotional abuse so

devastating is the greater likelihood that adolescents will blame themselves and it affects their

development. If someone hits you, it's easier to see that he or she is the problem, but if the abuse

is subtle - saying or implying that you're ugly, a bad parent, stupid, incompetent, not worthy of

attention, or that no one could love you - you are more likely to think it's your problem. The

impact of emotional abuse seems more devastating in the psychological development of

adolescents.

In most articles, the impact of emotional abuse is seen as an integral social role with an

impact on adolescents, (Alampay, 2014). However, in a psychology development low

socioeconomic status, wherein the victims had to carry the pain that affects their psycho-

emotional well-being. In such experiences, adolescents from low socio-economic status suffer
from emotional and behavioral problems more frequently compared to adolescents from better

socioeconomic status.

Related Studies

Penelope K. Tricketta (2016), identified clusters of impact to psychological development of

adolescent experiences. Three patterns involved in emotional abuse. Different clusters were

differentially associated with multiple outcome measures. In general, multiply- youth victims

fared worst, especially when the cluster involved in PTSD (POST TRAUMATIC SYNDROME

DISORDER). Also, these differences were found in these associations. Boys who experienced

being a victim of emotional abuse showed more difficulties than girls. These results reiterate the

importance of creating more complex models of maltreatment. Adolescents who have

experienced various types of emotional abuse are especially in need of more attention from

professionals and resources should be allocated accordingly. In the related study of Winter

(2019), although an impact of emotional abuse is known to have detrimental effects on

psychological development of adolescents, the relation of those effects to type of maltreatment

and adolescents age is not clear. Most studies either focus solely on physical abuse or do not

differentiate among types of emotional abuse. Furthermore, most concentrate on young youth.

Studies of an impact of emotional abuse to psychological development in adolescents indicate

that verbal abuse and psychological development tend to co-occur, severity of injury is not

related to severity of psychological development or to developmental problems, and severity of

psychological development and it is related to developmental outcomes. The present study

investigated relations among types of emotional abuse and their effect on psychological

development of adolescents in an ethnically diverse sample of article and news in adolescents.

 Penelope K. (2018), in Los Angeles, California, they conduct a study that connected to the

topic right now. Adolescents are affected both by maltreatment and emotional abuse, which

occurred during youth with lingering effects and by the impact and continues into or begins in

adolescence. Several decades of research indicate such emotional abuse is associated with a

number of mental health problems, including internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as

other maladaptive developmental problems, in childhood and beyond.

Many untold stories been unknown in this generation. Every person had different struggles

in life and one of the factors is the negative impact of emotional abuse. Adolescents who

experience being abused is more likely to be in a devastating state because a mental illness is not

a joke. According to the study of Javier, J. R (2014). Disparities in youth behavioral health

problems and the receipt of mental health services among Filipino youth have been documented

previously. However, few studies have elicited perspectives from community stakeholders

regarding how to prevent mental health disparities among Filipino youth. The purpose of their

current study is to identify intervention strategies for implementing mental health prevention

programs among Filipino youth. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 33) with

adolescents and focus groups (n = 18) with adolescents. Interviews were audiotaped and

transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using a methodology of “coding consensus, co-

occurrence, and comparison” and was rooted in grounded theory. Four recommendations were

identified when developing mental health prevention strategies among Filipino populations:

address the intergenerational gap between Filipino parents and children, provide evidence-based

parenting programs, collaborate with churches in order to overcome stigma associated with

mental health, and address mental health needs of parents. Findings highlight the implementation
of evidence-based preventive parenting programs in faith settings as a community-identified and

culturally appropriate.

APA Psychological Info Database Record (2016) APA, Evidence-based interventions for

adolescents are proven to have impact of emotional abuse and escalation of youth mental health

problems. However, participation in such programs is low, especially among hard-to-reach,

underserved populations such as students.

This article Flora Calleja (2012 investigated opinions on what constitute of adolescents

with interviews of 30 high school students, 30 parents, and 28 counselors. Despite increased

reported cases of emotional abuses and minor maltreatments in the Philippines, few empirical

studies have explored the exact nature of parental verbal abuses in this country. This study is

designed to address this gap in the literature. Negative prediction. Implications for research and

practice were discussed.

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