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    Pillars of Islam Notes

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    Humna Asif
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    Section Nine Five Pillars of Islam ing and Importance eal Geot the Islamic teaching and way of life are various obligatory acts a te Tadaat that are often referred to as the Five Pillars of Islam. sonst consist of shahadat 2 Declaration that none deserves to be worshipped except Allah py Muhammad is His slave and apostle, wat: The prescribed pr 1 day Fasting during the month of Ramazan » Fakat: ObIgatory charity, helping the needy by giving alms ; Hajj: Pilgrimage to Makkah, if and when circumstances permit st as the pillars bear the burden of a building, these principles, according ‘eteachings of the Prophet?™ are the basis of piety and of a virtuous idly life. The Prophet’**" has taught that the only difference between siduals is the extent of their piety and not their colour or the social status they enjoy in this world. purpose of the Islamic worship is to strengthen the Muslim faith and ¢ of submission to Allah, to discipline a Muslim for his role as Allah's ful servant and vicegerent on earth, and to reinforce the ties of brotherhood affection among Muslims. These acts of worship require the participation aspects of man’s nature — his soul, his mind, his feelings, his body, his his energy and his possessions. They demand the worship of Allah with ie faculties of an individual. For example, the declaration of faith is to be iys present in the mind and heart of the Muslim and is to be uttered again again with the tongue during his daily prayers. Prayers are to be performed times daily, everyday of a man’s life. Fasting is for a full month every i while Zakat or poor-due is to be paid once yearly and the pilgrimage is to ‘ormed once in a lifetime, if possible. *€ aspects of Islamic worship and the total involvement of human beings them extremely unique. They are a complete expression of man’s nce and submission to Allah's Will, his humility before His Creator desire go) Serve and obey Him alone. Teligious institutions, there, is punctuality, regularity, orderliness, and an exhibition of complete equality. 's, five time: , Sala 239 . : 1 begettetl NOt SECTION NINE f Five Pillars of vic He begotten; No Chapter 1 Islay tite unto Him.” (112:1-4) : Tie unity of Allah means that Allah is: } Unique in Person: This signifies that Allah is only One and there is no syality of gods. The Quran says Maal has said: ; Take not (for worship) two gods: for He is just one God."(16:51) b) Unique in Attributes: This signifies that no other being can be equal to allah in attributes. For example, man may attain a degree of perfection in the jnibute of Kindness, but only Allah possesses the perfection of the attribute of Kindness. ¢) Unique in action: No one can do the works which Allah has done Shahadat Declaration of Faith Uigtagg Sse ta Sf gk sas sass UI any gi aga Translation Allah, who is One, W or may His serv a pe ant and a 4o. essence of Islam. Itis the bene |All the messengers of Allah have conveyed the message of His unity: ver fre non-believer or Re He said: O my people! Worship Allah! You have no other god but Him. (7: 59, 73, 85) The role of the Prophet of Islam was to bring ubout the acceptance of this principle of religion by entire mankind, The Quran says: Not a messenger did We send before thee without this inspiration sent by Us.10 him: that there is no god but I; therefore, worship and serve.Me." (21: 25) ‘The second part of the declaration “Muhammad is His slave and apostle” shows its inseparable relation to the first. The Holy Prophet's" name is the name most closely associated with that of Allah. This sentence is also a constant theme of the Holy Quran. After acknowledging Allah as our Master and Sovereign, it is necessary to know what are His commandments, what will please Him and what will incur His displeasure. For this purpose, Allah appointed Hazrat Muhammad” as His messenger and sent the Quran through him. "He isthe model for every Muslim without whom we would hays. nica of how to conform to the truth laid down by the first part of the declaration. To ences a Person enters the foly the unity of Allah and @ eonstan, ¥ mentioned a the basic principle of y to the Oneness and Us b rdship, the So} is no other Cre niqueness of Allah, mty and the Authority tor and Sustainer of her Ruler, Law-giver and Supreme all creation: He creates what He ature. role and function which He no one and all things aré under His f the Quran is upon the d '¢ Quran which highlight the ctrine of Tauhid, There Concept of Tauhid which ps intteiers believe in hi Messenger of Allah means to accept His authority as the Quran, Surch Fathah, its saige '* “*Y OPEning chapter of the) reprosentate ofthe Supreme Ruler and to follow his example. Tice do we worship and shine aid ue He ie the Tink between the Creator and the creatures, therefore, 1o deny the Silty, chaps wee 36 et (1:5) second part ofthe declaration would be to cutoff all connections with the first Serve Allah, and jo of Is sai 8 hammad™* is Allah's me i The most concent 22" "2! any pariners with Him * The declaration that Prophet Mul lessenger is a (4:36) proclamation of beliet in the complete and final guidance that he brought for in § ment of intention to follow that guidance faithfully. all humanity. Ais beings to reflect upon Hazrat ukarrinacaee This declar 110 follow his path. The Holy Prophet™ summed - ic +, to follow him is to follow the teachii up all th me expression o es # this principle is to be found The One and On) Allah the Eternal, Absolute, 240 And there i HONE ; Five Pillars of Islam’ ofall the Prophets. He is a symbol of the Message of Allah, of tha which was preached by all the prophets. at Religion The religion he was given to preach was Islam in the form «ystem covering all aspects of material and spiritual life of mank, life according to the commandments of Allah, and showed the M vay t0 lead their lives. So, when we recite the second part of th sli ie, Muhammad™ is His slave and apostle, we undertake to fon} dec} and system shown by him. © follow the Ign pct Chapter 2 Salat-Prayer oF @ com ind. He | jmportance of Prayer ‘je importance of prayer in Islam is great as it is the foremost duty of the ynsiims; and the chief of the pillars on which the structure of Islam stands, It «tne distinguishing feature between a Muslim and a non-Muslim. The Holy Frophet”™ said: “What stands between a man and disbelief is the abandonment of salat (Muslim) And again: The first thing which a person shall be called to account for on the Day of Judgement is Salat." (Tirmizi) A unique service that the Prophet™ rendered to humanity was that he made prayer to Allah not only the foundation stone of the individual development of aman but also the basis of a vast brotherhood of humanity. The first revelations were in the following order: To read and write; to warn the people and declare the Greatness of Allah; and to pray to Allah not only during the daytime but also during night. The Quran says: “Establish regular prayers - at the Sun's decline «ll the darkness of the night — And pray in the small waiches of the morning —" (17: 78-79) ‘The object of prayer is to remember Allah. Itis, therefore, the chief reason why prayer was dearest to the Prophet™, He said: “Prayer has been made a coolness for my eyes.” He declared prayers to be the pillar of Islam and said: ‘He who gives up prayer has indeed disbelieved,” (Tirmizi) ‘The Quran mentions prayer many times and has laid the greatest emphasis om it therefore, the sin of giving up prayer is great as also praying carelessly or with an absent mind. The Quran says: : "50 woe tothe worshippers who are neglect oftheir prayers.” (107: 4-5) ovate rays five times a day is compulsory. Basically, it consists ‘Holy Quran and glorification of Allah accompanied by "postures, such as standing, bowing, prostrating and sitti tures, Muslims express submission, adoration and humility cipline which is needed to perform Salat regularly and at x {erable and meritorious to pray in con; possible. This gathering of all Muslims lgregation with his fellow ft living in th i 8 fe same local oes daly 18a step towards the establishment of healthy social relations pte dally Serv ice, these relations are limited to a narrow circle i.e,, to members Hye sue neighbourhood. The circle becomes wider in the weekly Friday ve which gathers together all Muslim members of a particular locality, sas sll more extensive in the two annual gatherings of Muslim festivals of 4 Thus, prayer promotes social relations between different sections of the \uusim community Sulatis the central point of the life of a Muslim, without which he would not te able to maintain a strong and vital link with his Lord or continue his inner smuggle against wrong doing or temptation. Because of all these aspects, Salat isthe principal means whereby the Muslim keeps in mind the limited and temporary nature of worldly life and the certainty of death and life to come. Thus, he is able to maintain a sense of balance and proportion between the needs and claims of this world and the Hereafter. OW us the sr : | | TaiBAL way,» Cleanliness - Method and Conditions A true Muslim must be pure and clean in mind, body and heart. Islam enjoins strict cleanliness and purity on its followers. We are told in the Quran: * — He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean.” (2-222) ‘Allah loveth those who make themselves pure.” (9:108) The Holy Prophet?™ is reported to have said: f Purification is the key to prayer.” (Ahmad) Also “Purification is one half of faith.” (Muslim) In the light of the Quranic verses and traditions. it becomes clear that a | Person should be clean inwardly as well as outwardly at all times, especially at ' the time of saying prayers. Inward purification is (o rid the mind of all corrupt ideas and evil thoughts. Outward purification is attained by taking a bath or {a man cleans himself five times a day, he would af what We have pro Tewill be seen that beli, that belief in y the keeping up of turned into a certainty , of the sowing that by me; wha Y of ans of performing ablution. [ iio what Ata has gi ce. This is followea pe” Peli is Undoubtedly be in a constant state of physical purty Sth n Ala is rastncd eo, ® benefit of others, in chon ie oubtedly be in a consign regarding ceallhess of Body, clothes, place of : ed into practic oa ‘ : a of oan Practice by prayer. which in warp a te worship, ete. that have to be fulfilled before a person can say his prayers, The i Y Prophes™ further ex, ead Holy Prophet™ : : res 1 See his ome ~Gurely Allah does not accept prayers without purification,” (Muslim) ie ; ed why ; Panions at the Holy Quran taught. Ow ane i eff fve times eam at the di i 8 a dey, oor of one of Filth : Ald on recej do you say, 1 JOU in which he washes te products discharged from the body which are regarded as This ie the ise” IY that it woug ic! (CA¥E Any dirt on him?" ia fom Yale Poze by slam ae semen, wing Wood, pus swing Seid Basar re the five prayer’ "Oh he added, Nih, other jmpurgociared with iC and alcohol, All these are included in the a A Masini requis <7 with which Allah washes away all © “Geftnion of Najaaat Ghaleerah. IT even the smallest quantity of Najasat wired to i Pray at the prescribed sims whic 245 dt cS tee er he may er h falls in any article of food or ee ink, the whole of it iy becomes it for use by a Muslim, If some Najneo. falls on the clothes, they must te removed cloth each time. oll utes ed A)asal Ghalegy ind washed thrice, squee nciean and ui Wuzu or Ablution - Method and Conditions Ablution or Wuzu in the prescribed manner is nece: ’ intends to say his prayers as the Quran sa “O you w ie! Wh in ) to the elbows, rub your heads (5:6) Ablution consists of some practicés that ractic are obl specifically mentioned in the Quranic ve ssary TY for a person Who you prepare for prayer wash your Is (with water) g Laces ang and (wash) your feet to the ankles. igatory or Fare ig res; others that : Holy Prophe:’s™ practice or Su ‘ee st 2 tadltional ie eee innat, and others that are term, en Mustahab entiling a person to spiritual recompense. The gone, Sesifable ot performing Wuzu is as under: Malang the intention or niyat, of Wuzu, i.e. to say: Wuzu for securing Allah or securing Allah’s good pleasure a command.’ Then recite the following nt Proved method of 1 intend to Perform, compliance with ue piso oss sy “In the nam h Me name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.” Se5 h 3aet cl "0 Allah! Forgive m; If possible, one should » One should sit facing should be absolutely clean First the right and then th ry sins,” Qiblah. The water to be used for Wuzu pe junds over the nape of the neck. Clear the inner side of ears with vel Rha outer with thumbs. Finally wash the feet, right and then lef Hh ankles. yi 90 P yurv should be a continuous process, each part being washed-and me in the prescribed order, without any break or interval. No part should owed 10 dry up before the other is washed. After the Wuzu, the Kalima- dk be Wd be ‘ited: ‘shahadat should be recited: tiyucgsciel Se Ciepeslges yy sac 5 aint any gf Seb J bear witness that there is no god except Allah, who is One, Who has no riners, and [ bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and apostle.” And then the following prayer may be recited: © suey: Sil De Spite es St el 10 repent for their sins: and make me one ke me one of Your righteous pa 0 Allah! Make me one of those wh of those who keep themselves pure; and mal servants.” Wuzu may be performed before every only when a person has passed urine, nf asleep. ‘ The items that are specifically mentioned. in the, Boly QuramieiWassises Wuzu are four in number. These are: : aia 1. To wash i face from the top of the forehead to the chin and as far as “each ear. 2. To wash the hands and the arms upto the elbow. 3, To wipe the head with wet hands. ; 4. To wash the feet upto the ankles, etna tk Fe aa abished of the example of the, Holy, Prophets eg : Wouzu are fourteen in number, at are’ name 1. To make the intention of Woz . Ke ine hands upto the west 2. Ta Heer rhe gael Cos acerca eure, 3, Tosa 4 the teeth, ‘oe oe A ‘mouth three times. im yut water into the nostrils thrice. es a Fie all the above items in proper order. ‘te a dja all the above items without any delay between the yarious acts. 8 To dart is 10 be washed thrice. sf % ae apace ‘between the fingers of one hand must be rubbed with the wet prayer. But the necessity for it atises stool or wind or if he has been fast cRREURACHT? inger of the other. 247 —— ee eee 11, The beard must be combed with the fingers 12. The head must be wiped once. 13, The ears must be washed with the water remaining on the f i wiping the head. BETS aftey § i 4 To rub between the toes with the little finger of the J = fi j from:the little toe of the right foot. + left hand Starting ; There are five Mustahab or desirable acts in Wuzu. They are To begin from the right to the left To rub the neck To perform Wuzu without the help of another person To face the Qiblah while performing Wuzu To sit on a high and clean place while performing Wuzy There are four Makruhat or undesirable acts in Wuzu. The, To perform Wuzu in an impure place ee To clean the nose with the right hand To talk about worldly affairs, while performing Wuzu To perform against the rules and regulations laid dow Prophet™* A person's Wuzu becomes ineffectual on becoming Fests eka fe he saielot impiciyroc unc eA abouuly ansivering the tall of nature. by passing Wine eR viMene Ee! Hads-e-Akbar ic, the state of impurity or uncleanliness which ic marital relations, menstruation or the period of childbirth. In additiy the following acts and circumstances also render the Wuzu void, Discharge of intestinal worms or stone ia Flowing of any impurity fom any part ofthe body aking a nap, or going to sleep by rest Laughing loudly during ory? a ‘sing consciousness of fainting du Losing consciousness o faning du 0 some ies. 1 by the Hoty JECt to the state Omiting or caused by N to these, IY against any object Tayammum or Dry Ablution ? z erasics Tayammum the Holy Quran says eel ere or on a journey ..... And ye find no water, then take for ot sea or earth and rub therewith your faces and hands, Allah seit ee ee you in a difficulty, but to make you clean..." (5: 6) Sees sevice Lipsiors mentioned verse of the Holy Quran that { traveling ond tae nate {0 Tayammum is granted on the grounds of illness Wer cuanere ee lability of water. It can be performed instead of the use of wate Soa eh ath) Fone is suffering from a disease in which Als deaths ae ess and there are chances that the use of wi illness; or if one cannot find water for Wuzu or Ghusl:: ee oe «travelling in & place where there is no one to indicate where water jot ® found: oF if there 1S 2 danger that the enemy might attack while one is ¢ ig ablution OF taking a bath, then one can perform Tayammum instead i cori or ONS won Proved, traditional method of Tayammum is as under: he OP te Ll ea and then to make the following niya: ij to make tayammum with the object of removing impurity and y intend (0 ring, PUTilY Mer this, both hands should be struck on some clean and pure earth or excessive dust blown off and both the hands rubbed on the face in 1 that no part of the face which has to be washed with water in Wuzu In the case of males, it is desirable to pass the fingers through the both hands should be struck on the clean earth or sand, the jlown off and first the right arm and then the left arm be rubbed .ws. This completes the Tayammum, A dry stone free of dust, then pot may also be used for the purpose, f Wuzu, several prayers can be said with one Tayammum. she acts and circumstances which nullify Wuzu also nullify Tayammum. 1 Tayammum is done because of the non-availability of water, then it would become ineffectual as soon as water Is available. Similarly, if Tayammum was: vee oa account of illness, then as soon as the disability 1 use water eeates, Tayammum will become void avd, he cach a 92 left out ard. Again goess dust b apto the 1B | rick or an eat As in the case o} Bath - Method and Conditions The Holy Quran says: “O you who believe! Do not app’ ry (except when traveling 0”! The A 112 son for bah is Ghul derived from Gas that means wash. jan 7 in reisiaeternen eect Ea ‘hole ty ate Hades Atbar or greater impurity wich is auted 1) elton or the iod of childbirth. ‘Other occasions for taking a foul SF + ate tipon the mission ofa convert Islam: practice of the Holy vc washing the dead. ‘on festivals and afte sts should be washed: % pene, a ‘be on any part of the body should be removed. 3. Any impuri) {performed in the prescribed manner taking special care 4, Worw should Be Orting that water reaches the throat; but if one is about g3 ie so raen to see that water does not enter the throat fasting. © wile gareline- ae in a state of ceremonial roach prayers a rhe road) until after washing you ain dry and water should reg, ch eve, of females, care should be take en, A about le of the Holy Propherrss are: a ao are Perform the with his face ars, he should cing the words correctly ang ised platform efingers in his e “I do bear witness hat there is na god except Allah,” (Twice) i 3 a fatgye: agai | "I do bear witness that Mu) hammad is the apostle of Allah,” (Twice) Cwice; turning the face to the right) 5. “chat ie i “Come to success.” (Twice turning face 10 the left) gi aliraltah is Great." (Twice) su aly eu is no god except Allah.” (Once) Azaan for the Fajr prayers, after saying 0 rasa words are included: te = Gil gan Bs Brayer ts bener than sleep.” (Twice) when 1. A person is saying his prayers; Et 2. ‘The Imam is delivering the Khutba: 3._A person is answering the call of nature; those who hear the Azaan should repeat in a low voice, the words of the } thos hiiczint Waeettenneees “Holla ole Gs ws oS le Gs * Mil gle gs the listener should say: jah.” “The strength to shun evil and to do good deeds is only from All ‘When he hears pesules sees) he should say 25 54a ‘ od thing, uth and said a go By as Mas i Sea ibe litenee should py tn the following words: When the Azaan is over, Gahan ot wl Lay it ; agAde tis Sally TAS Ag 5 sot ASS a UiS3Ig Gaey & r ed presenily, all and the prayer to be offer hte neces Thee and also eminence and “O Allah! Lord of # roach unto c c ig Muhammad the eee Thou hast eel him and bet ie raise him unto i aa Day of Judgement. Verily Thou never go intercession on «i Thy word.” Bu in which they ate prono 1. when the Pronounced 2aan Was 5, Nave aid for the ie of prayer, bur ificence under! he unity of All, which are the two also of th, ying them, it ah and of the fundamental faith and of the ¢ of the unit oe 'y of Ay Allah is the Greatest’ 3 by Igamat - Announcement for Congregational Seryj Se =o TVvice SSH, People stand up ana n ae Of the Igamat are that they are recited onl, does not insert the tip € to the right of the left “Prayer has indeed begun.” (Twice) roe! and Times of Prayers names of a the five obligatory prayers are: Zobr 4 Asr b menpanmmecaroncictant eB 252 «- This is an early moming prayer, f this prayer commences after the break of dawn and ends just It is makruh or undesirable to say prayers when the sun is 1 is to be said till the sun has risen well . I pe time O ore SUNTISE: why No nal praye qubr: (Early afternoon) of this prayer commences when the sun begins to decline and "i fre time jndows of Ul pecomes €4U No prayer is hings cease to decrease. It ends when the shadow of everything/ ‘al to twice the size of its’shadow at noon or mid-day. to be said or the Quran recited at the-time of the decline of the | 1 ‘The time of this prayer commences after the end ofthe time for Zubr prayers! | son. 3.Asr: (Late afternoon) j | and ends before sunset. ! | | : 4. Maghrib: (Evening) The time of this prayer commences i | the fading of twilight. : ‘No prayer is to be said at the time of the setting ofthe sun V ; f “the time of thig prayer commences after the fading of twilight and ends efore dawn but itis desirable 10 say this prayer before midnight. i Number of Raka’at in the five daily prayers j The five daily prayers consist of | (a) Farz or obligatory / (b) Sunnat (traditional) 1-¢ immediately after sunset and ends on 5. Isha: (Early night) the Holy Prophet's practice. (c) Wajib b. De «ig divided into Sunnat Muakkadah and Sunnat Ghair .e Sunnal Mualekadabs adah is meant an act which the Holy Prophe™/always By Sunnas Mme valid reason: The Rake’at which are Sunnat Muakkadah did except must be FFT syankadah is meant an act which the Holy Prophei™* By Sunnat GI" Gmetimes did not do without any valid reason, The aid but wie stax which are Sunnat Ghair ‘Muakkadah entitles a person to offering of FY spiritual reward | 253 LE, Pre-Farz Sunnat (Muakkadah) | Fale: 2 > Zuhr: 4 Pre-Farz Sunnat (Muakkadah) Post-Farz Sunnat (Muakkadah) 2 Naf ; iz Raka'at Sunnat (Ghair Muakkadah) Muakkadah) 5. Isha Pre-Farz Sunnat (Ghair Muakkadah) 4 Far 2 Muakkadah) Winr -Wajib Total = Components of Prayer Each Rakat consists of & Six items which are Farz (0) Takbir Tahrima, (2) Qiyam, (3) Qirat, rant aida 6) Qavadah Akira. 297 item 1s left out, the Salat shall have 10 be repeated. > Thineen stems which are Wajib oo Hf any item is left out then Sajdi pecessary and this shall remove the defi t * ‘Twenty items which are Sunnat ” = a eos 45 Sunnat is left out due to mistake, no Si ae alai does not become void (4) Ruka, lab Sahay (Prostration due to forgetfulness) Conditions of Prayer : Before a person can say his regular prayers, the following conditions must be fulfilled; otherwise the prayers would be void: a The body of the person must be clean. b, The clothes wor must be clean and free from all impurities c. The place where the prayers are to be said must be clean and free from all impurities. 4. The ‘Satar’ (those parts of the body which should be kept covered) must be properly covered. For a male, the Satar consists of the portion of the body from the navel to the knees. For a female, her entire body with the exception of her face, hands and feet is Satar. ce. It must be the time for the particular prayer to be offered. The Qiblah must be faced while saying the prayers. g. Intention or niyat must be declared for saying the kind of prayer i.e. Farz, Sunnat etc., of the particular prayer time i.e., Fajr, Zubr etc. that one is offering. Method of Prayer The approved, traditional method of prayer is as follows: Standing straight with the face towards the Ka’abah and hands hanging down the sides of the body, the worshipper makes the niyat for the Faraz/ ‘SunnaUNafl prayer that is to be offered. He then raises his hands to his ears ‘and recites Takbir-e-Tahrima ice., Allahu-Akbar- “Allah is Greatest’. The hands are thereafter brought down and folded on the navel. In this standing position, which is known as Qiyam, the Sana is to be recited * Bssé Uy Obs Maig deat jes A a alist “Glory to Thee O Allah; and Thine is the Praise and Blessed is Thy name and Exalted is Thy Majesty; and there is no one worthy of worship except (Thee).” ‘Then the worshipper recites first the Ta’awwuz, pepsi blll Ga diy Sgt sp betake myself 10 Allah for refuge from the accursed Shaitan”, is to be recitedand then the Tasmlyah ie, cieS casita ty ‘an the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful is to be recited 255 eesti nectar so tier the Tasbihy Sajdah, the worshipper raises first the forehead, then the jose and finally the hands and recites Takbir, He than sits for a short while and recites the Takbir. This sitting is known as Jalsa, after which the second Sajdah i performed in the same way as the first, He recites the Takbir while rising from the Sajdah, The worshipper then stands to perform the second Raka'at in the same way as the first except that the Sana in the position of Qiyam is not to be recited. ‘After the second Raka’at, the worshipper assumes the sitting position known : = " as Qa’adah ‘ 280m If the niyat was for two Raka'ats, this will be called Qa’adah Akhira. but if the 1 niyat was for three or four Raka'ats, this sitting will be called Qa’adah Ula | In the Qa'adah Ula, the worshipper recites first the Tahlyya: ed. This is calleg eee (on Ras 5 Sar a ile pata Suan; StgLiny dy Stead rors both hands oo he Sat Lad Ut ate leg le prltul Ss 55 ‘All prayers and worship rendered through words, actions and wealth are | due 10 Allah alone. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and the righteous servants of Allah.” Then the Tashhaud: elsnss Sf dgbiy dint any gi phi “i555 © worshipper recites first “| bear witness that none deserves to be worshipped except Allah; and 1 bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and apostle.” ‘After this, the worshipper rises for the third Raka"at, ‘The third and the fourth Raka’ats are to be completed in the same way as the second Raka’at ‘After the second Sajdah of the third or fourth Ruka’at as the case may be, the worshipper performs Qa’adah Akhira, in which after reciting Tahiyya and Tashhaud, he recites Durud. | J) es pial ' Seah aw; "O our Lord Ail praise is due to Thee alone” is recited. ater which be stands erect for a short while. This i called Qaumah. After thos ent °F SB wenshigper beads down for Sayd prostration, while reciting us ee) J ple weet i Nps Sins Alt babst IN ghey palit he 854 sg Allah! Exalt Muhammad and the true followers of Muhammad as Thou sohed Ibrahim and the true followers of lbrahim, for surely Thou art praised catlmagnified 0 Allah! Bless Muhammad andthe irue followers of Muhammad Mit plesedUorahim and the true followers of tbrahim, for surety Thow art praised ond massed Ia the position of Saydah. the toes of both feet. both : *. both knees, both hands and ‘te lerchead touch the ground. in this postare, tbe Tasbih Sajdah ie AUG : i. “Glory to my Lord, the Most High” is recited at least three times. rat pelayed Prayer - Qaza ‘The believers are enjoined to offer their prayers at the appointed times railing to do 0 is a sin unless there js a reasonable excuse for delay, With the ception of prayers missed by women in childbirth or menstruation and any uuslim who is insane or is unconscious for some time, every Muslim must sifer the delayed obligatory prayer. These prayers have to be offered as soon f da is possible except at times when prostration is forbidden, In the Niyat, the lie Lora! a » ydiQaze should belated : one De If several prayers have been missed in a day, then the Qaza should be offered in proper order. For example if prayers have been missed beginning from Fajr then Fajr Qaza should be offered first, then Zubr and Asr and so on. If the missed prayers are 100 numerous to remember or if the time available is not enough for both missed and present prayers, then the present prayer should be offered first. The missed prayer should be offered later. Qaza can be offered for only the Farz and Witr prayers. Except for the pre- Farz Sunnats of Fajr for which Qaza may be offered before sunset the same day, no Qaza of other Sunnats is to be offered. If Zubr. Ast or Isha prayers become Qaza while travelling, one should, when he returns home, offer the Qaza of these as if he was stil a traveller that oe eS OSS cana Moke me one who establishes rej ny. O Our Lord! Accept my pray iveness — me, my parents and sular prayers an Judgement.” After this, the w sipper ends the prayer with Taslim. Fo, to the thi er the right shoulder, he says) he turns hig “Peace be upo the mercy of Allah Then. turni 10 the left and looking over 1 eae he left shoulder, ne Postures of Prayer is, Wo Raka’at each. If however, the prayers become Qaza before a journey The sites sof prayer are indicative of the humility of th and one offers the Qaza during the journey. he should offer the full four Raka'at and the soul © body of the three prayers. Each Raks'at consists of three parts. The first of th. : P i ese is the stand ciled Quam with which te prayers started. The werhipec ng Psion pun their arms folded in an attitude of humility. In this position the Diving Being is praised, prayers are addressed to Him and certain porting on Quran are recited eae If a person is unable to offer his missed prayers before death, he should make a will to pay compensation which is 1% kilo of wheat per prayer out of the property he leaves behind. The compensation for the missed Farz of the five daily prayer and the Witr of Isha comes to 10 "4 kilos per day Combining Prayer - Jama’ah y ich the worshi Ww humility before their Lord. This is ippers bow down in even greater ‘The two afternoon prayers, Zuhr and Ast may be combined when one is on s followed by two indication of the utmost humility hippest bet iiaie aa of the worshi ‘journey and so may the two right prayrs, Maghrib and Isha (Bukhari). Such At the end of two Raka'ats, the pe pers before their Lord, se mbiaalonftsiuleerel nped:trieldiveiibccl AcGraln eaten ae eaTta All and thei supplication in'a nin 'ppers continue the glorification of combination is allowed even when there is neither journey nor rain. A an indication of peace Position which is called Qa’adah and is companion reported that the Prophet combined the Zuht and Asr prayers and The the Maghrib and Isha prayers when there was neither journey nor fear and, wuhen asked why he did it, he answered, “so that my followers may not be in Viieults” (Muslim). According to another report, this combination was effecte ma when there Was nether fear nor rain (Muslim), S Thys combination is called Jama’ah bain as-Salatain oF the combination of two prayers, Both prayets may be sald at the time of the earlier prayer which is F Jama'ah Taqdim or an earlier combination or at the time of the late ele ‘which is called Jamatah Takhir, or a late combination, prayer. per glorifies Allah in these both the body and the soul id submission before Allah. Upon the Merey of of devotion throws hit oi S , Imsipiicene Hamble servant before Hin, ns? Oat el far Glory to my Lord, the Most High’ whereby feel and acknowled ige their own ext ili Wis a state of surren hana Eo +259 Pts... — Qasr Spoabaenpptytaahaly Ss ers are shortened. The ine toe cover aitlonal S¥ir=/on me) Aer Melseryfes eave nce feu t0 theit business and other is ‘orldly activities. It is traditional to take a path on Friday and to wear clean clothes "Muslims are required to leave their as they hear the Aza Quran says: =y\p9 on you if Ve shorten Your prayed The Sun of four Fare Raka’ Wier of Isha prayers ped with the exception of Fajr @ Prayer and the» Ast and Isha prayers are reduced to ty, me tained. is allowed to combine the'Z cha prayers. If he acts as the tm; jowers who at UNE and Asp am he shortens sr not travellers complete the e uumey, while his followers ane: meee? Of seated and listen to the Khutba Fe, the late parts, each of which begins w er 88 long as Holy Prophet f time, but keeps Prayers is not on a may shorten his pray 0 stay in a place for a certain period shorten his prayers, uring some of his journeys for nineteen days and he Ifwe stayed in a place for nineteen dy we staved longer than th YS, We would hat, the distance after whic! ‘ , 4 prayer is complete Soe gees ‘The Mugiadis may now offer individually four Suanay, followed by wo more Sunnat and two Nafl. ce for Muslims. The following verses of Eid Prayer ‘© congregational prayers on Friday.. O ve who believe! When the call is proclaimed 1 ‘The two main festivals in Islam are Kid-ul-Fite and Ei -ul-Azha. Eid means ‘0 Prayer on Friday (The ‘recurring happiness or festival. Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal day of assemblyy hasten earnestly 10 the remembrance of Allah, and leave off ‘which follows Ramazan or the month of Fasting, Eid-ul-Azha falls on the tenth business (and traffic that is Best for you ‘f ye but knew! And when the prayer ay of Zil Hajj and follows the completion of Haj, is finished, then may ye disperse through the land and seek of the bounty of Eid is a day of thanksgiving during which Muslims assemble in a brotherly Allah...” (62: 9,10) and joy amosphee wo afer thir hanks to Allah for helping Wen to fulfit Friday prayers take the place of the Zuhr prayers on that day, and may ‘heir spiritual obligations, a Ba fri starts ene consteEational Prayer in the ot be offered gaza, therefore whoever misses it, cannot make up for it morning. ing Oe ae a ime glorify Allah's name, fac ii '0 offer the Zohr prayer, Friday prayesteamiinetTeeen | and ash fori (aie Raunt uta isthe same Friday prayer are obligatory on all adult males of sound mind, who are bealthy and are residents. Th i thoxe persons on whom Friday prayers are Wajib on al id individually. gig ‘er and there is no Mer sunrise but before Friday ‘Prayer are minors, slave S* to offer Zohr prayers in th Muslims can carry and cannot be sai ayers ose exempted from attending the morgue fo! Ne ae Ita the sick, travellers and women. These ° Ne eed pmfeieatitoss cir homes. All normal work is allowed on Frid ; prayer, The th 261 ith their usual duties and activities provic Sy ee 5 on wi © Eld-U-Eit prayers wo Raka“at With the fin Be from the Quran ine n No I-Fitt / Eid-uhAaha (as the «! Sehing this Imam and Tam facing e Allabu-ARbar in a loud ce. and fold their am and the Mugtadi the Imam raises Allahu Akbar in a loud aac < say the Takbir in a low voice oid reir hands and keep them s. that is. saying of Takbir ang "rd Takbir, the hands are 19 be cite Tasmiyah, Surah Fatihah ttentively and not recite ice after Surah Fatihah in the usual manner. ‘ h. Surah Fatihah and some tively and just say Ameen nds and recites the Takbir and say the Takbir in a low d keep them hanging by and the Takbir said two 4y one more Takbir without The second Rakat should be Voice, hands iS now the Imam delivers the Khutba in a. The Khutba is Sunnat and should be bets raw the attention of the audience : * obligatory on every Muslim wa ‘ fee enone rewarding and preferable if iis distributed inte giles is Ne Por may alse be able to celebrate the day in a 1s the sermon of Eid -Azha. saenfice, aT! avate Prayer — Du'a avian created! man to be His Vicegerent on earth and bestowed upon hint the pny © distinguish between right and wrong, He can achieve nothing but pat he strives for, It is stated in the Holy Quran that with every difficulty, vine is relief, According to Abdullah Yusuf Ali: "whatever difficulties oF troubles are encountered by men, God always proves a solution, a way out, a relief, a way fo lead to ease and happiness, if tre follow His path and show our faith by patience and well-doing” g with honest endeavour and effort man needs the help of his Creator in order to achieve his worldly goals. As such man tums to Allah, Who is the solver of all difficulties and asks for His help. Such supplication and invocation is called Du’a. The Holy Prophet is reported to have called Dua the kernel of worship and the weapon of a believer. According to Tirmizi, the Holy Prophet™* said that only Du'a can change Allah’s'decree. According to the Holy Quran, “And He (Allah) giveth you of all that ye ask B for ...”- (14:34) Abdullah Yusuf Ali says: “Sincere and true prayer in faith is answered by God. Thus He gives us "everything which a wise and Benevolent Providence can give.” The Holy Prophet™ is reported to have said: “Verily your Lord is ashamed (i.e., shy) of His servants when they raise up their hand to Him in supplication to return them empty.” The Holy Quran, the final and complete revelation from Allah for the guidance of the whole of mankind and for all time, contains guidance for every stage of man’s life, It teaches man how to pray and the way to ask for Allah’s help, guidance, forgiveness and protection. The Holy Quran says: “When My servants ask thee (the Holy Prophet) concerning Me, | am indeed close (10 them): | listen to the prayer of every suppliant when he calleth on Me: Let them also, with a will, listen to My call, and believe in Me, that they may watk in the right way."(2; 186) ‘A commentator of the Holy Quran says: “The God of Islam, never distant or remote, is the constant companion of His servants, their unfailing support, and infallible prop to those in need and distress... Prayer is the strongest and most visible acknowledgement of God's sovereignty and man’s utter dependence on Him.” And also: * Prayer is the highest medium in Islam, whereby man can enter into with God. i commie 60 of Sura Matin Ala saya * ur Lord says’ on Mey answer (your prayer)..." : . shee verses of the Holy Quran quoted above teach us ae allan ues cena hen aay pe nes be Our prayers should, therefore, het ee! <7 vs a They should be yer and invoe Kddressed only ations, ayer” (13> 14) lah und accepts one’s ppt rer or form that He considers) . Ks away and ge Ca ec $85 hhimse es him (he ah Yusuf Ali has pointed out away from God, ing on God and offer pre fore worthless.” a i Absolute and as suct os ciswem of Allah’s help, protection 4 € call riot on Him , (25: 77) Ne all praise; He needs no urselves: and His bounti € sinner alike. Prayer ig Petition for eS are open for our own, to sev ‘eral verses of the Holy Quran oon the People and to refrain from eae ro Bd and responsibilities of ligations, the Muslims are requir red t liberty, brotherhood and justice The ‘ant role in the practical realization of to fulfil these © based on equality, que played an impor institution of m this state tis a char neta Islamic state that reli te lam the head a administrator as well as the reli oe 9f worship and state admi gion and politics go together. istration, he mosque may not one 2 consecrated institution as in other religions, yet Mendes warn 2 i establish prayers in a particular place called e oan sees "ies ME offered in congregation, under the leadershi or his representative in the various mosques be: ne stale ue is the religious as well as a cultural centre for the Muslim qhe a ‘The Friday sermon addresses religious, moral and welfare issues nt nity. In the time of the Holy Prophet? and his successors all He eto war and peace, administration and community welfare were offers relating vate id and discussed in the mosques. All important announcements were wade {rom the mosques. In fact during the early years of Islam, mosque made eee a the centre of Muslim activities. ‘The Holy Prophet's" mosque and later many other mosques became centres azedwcation. The Prophet's" mosque had arrangements to house people wie came there t0 acquite knowledge, These people were lodged in rooms win Suffah, attached to the mosque. People who were trained as missionaries forthe spread of Islam, were also given lodgings atthe mosque, In later times, iiaries were established in mosques, some containing more than 100,000 ks ‘ tehe mosque also served as the council hall ofthe Muslims. In the time of Hazrat Umar two councils were appointed to advise the Khalifa, these councils met in the mosques. The meetings of the Shura used to take place in the mosque and all the administrative affairs of the Khilafat used to be carried on from the mosque during the rule of the first four Khalifas. Deputations from Muslim as well as non. Muslim tribes were received in the mosque, and some of the more | important deputations were also lodged there. Judicial affairs were also settled in the mosque. Thus, from the earliest times till today, the mosque has been | serving not only as 2 religious and cultural centre for the Muslims but also as . i i litical centre “soe na the house of Allah and therefore one should citer a mosyue with respect. Clothes should be clean and footwear must be - enreved Talking loudly, indulging in idle talk or gossip or reading worldly Tanks sna moagee is forbidden. Buying of selling is also not allowed inside a mosque. ional Prayer Congregational ry is to establish prayers in a particular place called ic Injuct i a Seen, Pre should be said in congregation under the leadership Morais was the practice ofthe Holy Prophet and his immediate of the tmato always led the congregation! prayers of the believers five times «Gay im the mosque at Madinah : ty jays aecil sess on prayer in congregation. The Quran sa eet your heads with thse who bow down (in worship). (2:43) mw levoly Prophet is reported to have said: ” A prayer performed fon is twenty seven degrees more excellent then the prayer said by a © regal (pon congrepr son” (Agreed upon) “And are three persons in a y 2 desert and they lo not pray together, the devil wou Mase op Satin pray Salar congreeation, for o.afolf Sate eoeaele sheep.” (Abu Daud ets 8 Solitary Congregational prayer serves as a strong force in unitin uniting th of all people livin Ree na locality five times daily in the M inthe exablishment of healthy scil relations between different senses ores This becomes larger in the week} ons Eid gatherings. This reaches it Panay s cli ‘when Muslims from all paris of the i? world Con; social differene: and promotes an Specks atmos tlie nin tie poor wslene a ke Ss poorest subj n ite man with see s the black ers that all to the realization among the worship. ity and brotherhood, when eit Put into prac unification of the human race. However ae d the equality of mankind a have been purposeess without being sur ie ol z ee 'S PUL into practice SECTION NINE = ae ive Pillars of Islam Saum - Fasting — Importance of Fasting Fasting is one of the five pillars on which the structure of Islam rests. Fasting was made obligatory for Muslims in 2 A.H. It is prescribed for the Muslims in the form of a month long abstinence from food and drink from dawn to sunset accompanied by intense devotional activity ‘The month of fasting is the month of Ramazan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, in which the first revelation of the Quran came to the Holy Prophet™. In this connection Allah says: “Ramazan is the (month) in which was sent down the Quran as a guide to mankind .... So everyone of you who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting, but if anyone is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed period (should be made up) by days'later." (2: 185) Ramazan is the month of purity in which virtue flourishes and evil is suppressed. The Prophet™* is reported to have said: “When the month of Ramazan comes, the doors of Heavens are opened and the doors of Hell are closed and the devils are chained.” (Agreed upon) ‘And “Ifa person does not absiain from telling lies or doing wrong when he is observing fast, let it be known to him that Allah does not want that he should stop taking his food.” (Bukhari) ‘At another place, he said: “Allah says, fasting is for Me and I shall certainly compensate it. Fasting is ‘a shield: so when the fasting of anyone of you come up, he shall not utter foul ‘words. If then anyone rebukes him or fights with him, let him say, Iam aman observing fast.” (Muslim) | ee xing, like prayer, is a universal religious institution and has been a part of the law brought by previous prophets. According to the Holy Quran: nn -G you who believe! Fasting is prescribed 0 you as it was prescribed 10 | those before you s0 that you may (learn) self-restraint.” (2: 183) But the Muslim fast is different in all respects from the fasts observed by the followers of other religions. It is not meant as a punishment or self-torture. The Morse quoted above informs us that by prescribing a month's fasts, Allah wishes {o teach us self-restraint and to make us righteous and God-fearing. seals and human bei nsher and spintual things Makes hem a the bounties instills in K Allah for ibstnence frofa food, donk msunence from falsehood, ss abstinence from foog f worship from dawn ribed time, but he ha ¥ of Shariah or Islamic laws o all Muslim adults, rate of menstruation of dition lasts: but they = Punfication bath has bec’ “amuazan, if his physician fears Likewise, a Woman who ig ot Postponement of fast ¢ be observed as soon as se, before the next Ramazan © fast is not obliged io fast, son twice a day for each missed adaqah-e-Fitr a fo ‘ake Shri that cam be eaten till dawn. The ‘Sen be made for which the following words may ets hd Se OF give grain or cath equal Before fasting, itis desirsbie intention for the fast should be used: st enings tomorrow's fast of Ramazan,” : ete baa re his a, ee oe en * cis not used 98 food oF drink, or as a medicine, injecting liquid medicine, wMnary vomiting. smoking, the entering of water in the throat while gargling “Te things for which only a Qaza fast is necessary, A fast shall have to be kept “er Ramazan instead of the one that was broken. But if the breaking of the fist drought eating, drinking and marital act was intentional, then in addition to the Qaza fast, the person shall have to pay the Kaffara that is, for every fast thus broken, he shall have to fast for sixty days continuously. Even if a single day's (ast is missed, he shall have to start all over again to complete the number of sixty days at a stretch. If it is a female, then the period of her menstruation shall not be treated as a break. If the person cannot fast for continuous sixty days, he may, for each broken fast, feed sixty poor people twice a day; or he may give grain or cash equal to Sadaqah-e-Fitr to sixty persons. While fasting, the use of toothbrush, hair oil and perfume is allowed. If paste OF tooth-powder is used, care must be taken that it does not enter the throat. Injecting medicine directly into the stomach or the brain shall make the fast void, Eating or drinking by mistake does not break the fast and the fast should be completed in the prescribed manner, No Qaza or Kaffara is due in such a case, ; If there is a fear that the person may die of thirst, or he has become so weak that there is a danger to his life, then the fast may be broken. In such cases, only Qaza is necessary. : Immediately, after the setting of the sun, the fast is to be broken, after reciting the following prayer: phil ay, ies tel “0 Allah! 1 fasted for Thee and I believe in Thee and I put my trust in Thee and with the sustenance Thou hast given me, I now break the fast, Fasting is forbidden on the days of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha and on the Vth, 12th and 13th of Zil Haj. sie 6a) ys Se Tarawih i ayers that are performed in the nights of the month of ‘Taruwih re OM rn are Sunoat Muakkadah for both men and women, Ramazan’ 4 preferably offer them in congregation in a mosque, Men shoul fi prayers stat alter the four Fare and the two Sunnat Muakkadah The Tara twenty Raka’at are to be performed each evening: intention is of Isha Lanpeiehs Raka’at at a time, The Muqtadis recite only the Sana in the 1 be made fr ch two Raka‘at after which they have to listen to-the Imam's first Rabat T Fawwuz, Tasmiyah and Surah Fatihah, The Mugtadis says the recitation ph Ruki, Tabrid, Tasbih Sajdah, Tahiyya, Tashhaud, Durud and “Tokbit, 269 eu IA TAO GY gb big ish Nas) ahd amess: 10 Whom is ower and dignity: and Wh vereign: Who never sleepy Glory and is Most Holy: Who the spirit. There is no other god v entry in the garden of paradie * the Tarawih prayers may SECTION NINE EE Chapter 4 Zakat ~ Obligatory Charity Five Pillars of Islam Importance of Zakat ‘A major pillar on which the structure of Islam stands is Zakat which can be defined as that portion of man’s wealth which is designated for the poor, The Holy Prophet, himself desenibed Zakat as wealth which is taken from the rich and given to the poor. He is reported to have said: “It (Zakat) should be collected from the well-to-do and distributed 10 the poor.” The word Zakat is derived from “Zaka’ which means to increase or {0 bless. Another meaning of the word as used in the Quran carries the sense of purification. It finds its origin in the Quranic command (0 take alms from their goods to purify and sanctify them (9: 103) é Itis related by a companion that the Holy Prophet" said: “Allah has enjoined Zakat upon you so that the rest of your wealth is cleansed through it.” : ‘Thus, Zakat which is wealth taken from the rich and given to the poor, is so called, because it makes wealth grow, or because the giving away of wealth is ‘a source of purification. It purifies the giver’s heart of the love of wealth and from greed and selfishness and the receiver's heart from hatred and envy of those who are better off than him. ' While the three pillars of Islam i.e., prayer, fasting and pilgrimage benefit ‘no one but the person who performs them, Zakat benefits humanity. Thus, by regularly paying Zakat, a Muslim performs his duty and discharges his obligation towards poor Mulims The two commandments to keep up prayer and to give Zakat are often for example, it is said, “And be steadfast in mentioned together in the Quran. j ayer and regular in charity..." (2110) & ee ieee and establish regular prayer and give regular charity..." And again: (73: 20) 1 an alates the distinguishing qualities of the believers in the colt Holy Qui beeve mth Unsen, are seat in prayer and dof what We have provided for ther.” (2: 3) ee ist as the keeping up of regular prayer is a sign of faith, the ‘Therefore, Just 7 I ‘ton, is one ofthe alributes of a true believer, On the payment of Zakat, 100 he unbelievers, according to the Quran is that On Ota Jo not pay Zakat. Hazrat Abu Bakr, the first Khalifa regular other hard, they deny the 4 said that there Salat and pro mitat bes invanably been mentioned in the Quran and Hadi either wigy ios and benefits in this world and the next, like inerease in weanh sc with the warning of a dreadful punishment to those tt and f the nation as a whole. Rate of Zakat The am in the secs The pay! wh owns property to the extent of the prescribed rate called Nisab, Provided such property has remained in his ownership and possession uninterruptedly for full one year. Zakat is payable on cash, gold and silver, jewellery, crop: commercial goods 5 feliciy h the worlds. On the other hand, he admonished those who do nate ed wamed them of a dreadful punishment. He is reported to y one gels 2 chance to fulfill their basic needs and to lead a respectable .e between alat and Zakat. In Fact, he ge be seny ct tein grup af people wo refosed fo Pay ZARA while oper : fo be Muslims 8 Wh rable of those who spend their aba fail ce in f com: it groweth seven ears, and each ear red grains: Allah giveth manifold increase to whom He pleasege 7 And there are those who bury gold ond silser and spend it yoy Alloh: announce unto them a most grievous penalty.” (9; 94). Holy Prophet™ declared Zakat to be a source of success and have said }orning and € him mo) “0 Allah! Bring a day wherein the servants One of t Allah get up in the mi “O Allah! Give says: (on them). one w holds. (Bukhari) a pillar of Islam, Zakat has its economic and social be a welfare tax. It is the backbone of nefits, It the economic system of Islam, fy dition of the poor, to give them economic ¢ curity, of wealth in a few hands and to increase th 1 wealth, aim of Zakat is thus, to establish a self-supporting si ty in which of payment and distribution of Zakat was defined at Madinah id ar of the Hijrat, it of Zakat is compulsory on every adult, free Muslim animals, minerals, agricultural lands and all kinds of On cash, gold and silver: Zakat is paid at a rate of 2 44%. A Possesses 52¥4 tolas of silver or 7 ¥4 tolas of gold is liable to Produce from Mines: Owners of mines have to’ pay one+ Produce of mines. This is called Khums. Land Tax: The basis of this compulsory tax on the produce of 6 = S: lands called Ushr is to be found in the Quran. It is levied at the rate of one-tenth of the agricultural produce of land benefiting by rain or some natural spring: and one-tweniith of the produce of artificially irigated jands. On all articles of trade exce-ding 200 dichams, On Sheep and Goats: For every forty sheep or goats- one goat; from 121 to 200 sheep or goats-iwo sheep or two goats: and aver, that for every hundred sheep or goats, one sheep or goat is 10 be received by the state. Bulls, Cows and Buffaloes: On thiry to forty cattle, one calf of one year: on every forty cattle, a two year old calf. ‘On Camels: On every five camels, one goat or sheep: from ten to fourteen camels, three goats; and from twenty-five to thirty-five camels, a female camel and so on. adaqah-ul-Fitr: This obligatory charity is an act of worship on the completion of the month of Ramazan. It is obligatory on all Muslims on whom Zakat is compulsory, Distribution of Zakat ; ‘The Holy Quran tell us how the Zakat money is to be distributed. It says: (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to the Truth) 15 lt i 9 Saal tit “Alms are for the poor and the needy and those employed to administer the for those in bondage and in debt: in the couse of Allah; and for the wayfarer..." (9:60) 1 a ‘wealth equal to a Teor ha Ea and do not possess eg i Extremely poor people who are forced to beg for food. State oF government (0 collect Zakat. It is not necessary that they be needy persons. ‘Those people who are appointed by an Islamic Head of ae aii xidy2 Those people who have recently accepted Islam and are in 4, agit aed of basic necessities of life. i efi Slaves who work for remuneration and who have an 5. lil ‘agreement with theit masters to purchase their freedom on payment of fixed amount. 3 sECTION_NINE SEER Chapter 5 mm El Pillars of Islam Hajj - Pilgrimage Poor people in debt that are unable to re conditional that the debt'is not due to purpose 7. eill inc i Those people, who have to fulfil an oblig, unable to do so due to po ation, but are Pay loans. 4 t NY UN-Islams® Mie Those travellers who maybe well to do at home, by their joumey do not possess basic necessities, eqn ye tuting ___ Zakat in order to fulfil their travel needs and to rere SVEN Ics unlawful to give Zakat to the descendants of the Holy Fae home. one's parents or to one’s children. It cannot be given to non-Musher es © can it be given to a person as remuneration for services, NMS neither importance of Pilgrimage Hajj or the pilgrimage to Makkah in Saudi Arabia constitutes the fifth act of worship prescribed by Islam. The Quran says: 3 Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe fo Allah ~ those who can afford the journey.” (3: 97) To make the meaning of this verse clear, it is necessary to read the previous verse also: The first house (of worship) appointed for men was that at Bakka; full of blessing and of guidance, For all kinds of beings: In it are signs manifest whoever enters it atiains security: pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Alla — those who can afford the journey......” (3: 96-97) The literal meaning of the word Hajj is the will and desire to visi, but in the terminology of the ‘Shariah, it means the will to visit the Holy Ka'abah which was the first structure built by Hazrat Adam for the worship of Allah. Then, about 4,500 years ago, Hazrat Ibrahim and Hazrat Ismail rebuilt it at the command of Allah, The story of the rebuilding of the Ka’abah is thus related in the Holy Quran: “And remember, Abraham and Ismail raised the foundations of the House (with this prayer): “Our Lord, Accept (this service) from us: :..: Our Lord! make of us Muslims, bowing to Thy (Wil) and of our progeny a people Muslin, bowing to Thy (Will); And show us our places for the celebration of (due) rites" (2: 127-128) 2 From the words of this prayer, the purpose for which the Ka'abah was built, becomes clear and we come to know that its completion was ordained at the hands of the children of Hazrat Ismail who setued at this spot andifrom them, the Holy Prophet™ was raised for the perfection of this purpose,. ‘i to the Sacred House is not an obligation. It is compulsory only Pilgrimat wre sound of mind, adults and have the provisions of travel. con those wil these obligations and yet abstain from performing Haj once ei Jfetime give He to their being Muslims, A Hadis of the Holy Prophet in states: on is not hampered by any disease, real necessities or a tyrannical ae "Joes not perform Hajj. his death and the death of a Jew or a ruler 215 ee eee (= Sah SNe edmenataR ge secondary Imperatives or Wajibat of Hajj het wy. Say at Muzdalifah. Sayi between Safa and Marwah. Stoning the devil. Sacrifice. Shaving the head (males) or shortening the hair (females). Tawaf-e-Wida. any of these items is left out, the Hajj shall not become void: bot the n shall have to pay the penalty either in the form of sacrifice or sadduqah, ce the same." (Tirmizi) tian ee st foxm of worship with the entie being of a Mustim, ne feay an sul, with his time, money and the sacrifice of all cg th Ws Se fra fw ay, te condition of «pg totaly gp gn to assume " iis the ony pillar among the fundamental pills of Islam Which requigs voinppsial and financial saerifices. Prayer and fasting are only pneu rope and thing is spent in thet performance. Zakat is only finggt Sows des no require any physical abou. Buin performing Hay nal sical and financial sacrifices are required. The nies of Haj cent on complete submission and devotion to Allah 4 Cine tne, hy serve as an example of toa submission and oben At Prep eam, especially his willingness (0 sacrifice what he loved imag ¢ world, his son Ismail, at Allah's Command n Hai) i one of the fundamental religious institutions of Islam, ceatest of all acts of worship; it is in fact, the culmination of wors x exhibition of brotherhood, equality, punctuality and discipline. It afte ©» oppartuity to Musins from various countries of the world ta bases uted with one another and of discussing Common problems facing qe Muslim community According to Abu Hurairah, the Holy Prophet™® said “Anyone who vst ge ‘Allah, doesnot indulge in foul language and avoids the disobediene will become as pure and free from sins as a child, Sunnats of Hajj | Tawaf-e-Qudum; > Leaving Mina after sunrise on the 9th for Arafat: 3, Leaving Arafat after the departure of Imam: It Dip he Staying the night at Muzdalifah on the return from Arafat; Taking a bath in Arafat is | any. of these Sunnats cannot be performed, there is no penalty. Prohibition and restrictions of Ihram Wearing sewn clothes (by males). 2 Wearing of shoes which cover the raised bone of the feet. \ Putting on a bandage on the head of face. + Covering the head or face. Women. are required to cover their heads only. (Muslim) At another place, the Holy Prophet™ said: Hajj which is free from sins and defects is rewarded with Paradise.” S. Shaving, cutting or trimming of hair. (Agreed upon) 6. Cutting of nails. The importance of Hajj has been well described by Imam Abu Hanifa who 7. Using perfumed hair oil, or any kind of perfume said that Hajj is the greatest of all worship, Ibaadat, enjoined in Islam. Its ehief 8. Using abusive or foul language, or quarrelling. tmportance lies in the fact that it strengthens one’s faith in Islam. 9 To indulge in marital relationship. Faraiz er Obligatory Acts of Hajj 1 Putting on the Thram and making the niyat of Hajj and reciting the Talblah, Undesirable acts of Ihram oo Rubbing the body for removing dirt or dust. > Cains Mfume soap for washing the body or face. Bathing with is permitted. x a ‘Combing the hair, or passing the fingers through the hair or 3 comtead: as these acts may cause the hait to fall, or may Kill the hice me the hair. , some sweet-smelling grass. 4. Smelling perfume of i iawes Bene ke 2. Wuquf-e-Arafat i.e. staying in the plain of Arafat on the 9th of Zil Hajj. 3. Tawal-e-Ziyarat on the 10th, 11th or 12th of Zil-Hajj after the shaving Of the head or the shortening of the hair. ‘These three obligatory duties are to be performed in the prescribed order sain the preeribed manner. If any of these three faraiz is left oat, Hajj becomes and the mistake cannot be set right by sacrifice. ot the head oF face is Terms associated with Hajj 1) Ka"abab iS the first hoy ie to tradition, me sd years before the creation of Agra! ated to him the exact see a'abeh was destroyed be again by Haart * and, at anor} 2fe twenty-four = een coming to the Ka’abah nctity of Ka’abah, Fj ‘ = id the Ka’abah. . sjid-e-Haram or the Sacred s, besides the Ka’abah, + the well of Zam Zam. The Mukeramma, the city of Makkah, It is ‘ich all living things are protected simand first by Hazrat Adam and than by Hazrat Ibrahim, The sunt had pillars efected to indicate the boundaries of Haram, ) Mawagit vi ourth circle is called Mawaqit. These are the places beyond which no Me proceeding to Makkah for Hajj and Umrah can proceed without puting ope Thram, otherwise, he shall have to offer a sacrifice as penalty. Hajr-e-Aswad - Black Stone ‘Mounted in silver and set in the southeastern comer of the Kaabah is the cred Black Stone, Hajt-e-Aswad received by Hazrat Ismail from the angel yiorael during the re-building of the Ancient House. According to tradition, this stone was milky white: it has become black because of the sins of people. ‘This holy stone was touched or kissed by Hazrat Ibrahim and by the Holy Prophet Its kissing is symbolic of pure love of Allah and our resolve to obey Him in all matters. Well of Zam Zam This well is in the southeastern side of Masjid-e-Haram. The spring that feeds this well sprang up from under the feet of Ismail, when his mother Hajra. was searching for water for her infant son between the Safa and Marwa bills. From that time till the present day, millions of people have drunk the water of this well Maqam-e-Ibrahim or the station of Ibrahim “This is a stone on which Hazrat Ibrahim stood while constructing the Ka"abah. ‘The Wajib-ut-Tawaf prayers are offered near Magam-e-Tbrahim. Hatim ae ‘This is a small area between Rukn-e-Shami, the comer facing Syria and Rukn-e-Yemeni, the southwestem corner of the Ka'abah. It was originally a part of the Kavabah but was not inched in the covered enclosure. The offering of prayers in the Hatim is held to be like offering prayers inside the Ka'abah. Thram ‘The Shram for mea is used for covering the and the other is used for remains uncovered ineir everyday clothes. It is compulsory for women 4. dosnt women tho cloth should touch their faces. tw cover their heads: consists of two white sheets of unsewn cloth. One sheet Tower portion of the body, from the navel downwards. ‘Covering the upper portion of the body. The head 29 im? | | . | first am! foremost Fare of Hayy and Umrah. t mist sa declarati soe imgenwon oF niyat to perform Hajj or Urnrah. Thram is the visible indication ; oF symbol of the pilgrim’s renouncing. all the vanities of the world to devere : hums to the worship of Alls, Tham isa time of forbearance and patience. y symbolises parity, Fenunciation and the equality and brotherhood of ay sehevens Talbiyah Talbipad is the proclamation of the following words: “Here Tam at Thy crvice, © Allah! Here Tam al Thy servive. There is no partner with Thee, Hee {am at Thy sevice. All praise and all blessing and favours belong to Thee, and all Sovereignty is Thine. Thow hast no partn Broad is exiry inte he state of Ihram vill the stoning of the first Jamarat at Nina om the 1Chh of Zil Haj. she pilgrim constantly recites the Talbiyah, ht ig inly loud voice. The Holy Prophet"™ said; “Jibras message thar J should command my followers to Tirmizi) eed moming and evening while sitting, standing, x prayers and ou

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