~@ Trusted WorldwideBERGER} Trusted Worldwide TABLE OF CONTENTS Specification Notes .....nnnnnnnnen ssn ssn sone OD Surface Preparation... oe a a 06 Iron & Stee! 16 Golvanized Iron & Siee!. 18 Non-Ferrous Metals ee ee 1d Plaster, Cement Renderings, Brick Works, Masonry, Et. ssnsnnnmninnnninnninnnnnnsnnsnnnn 20 Wood Surfaces 2 Building Boords & Steel Ee 4 Volume Solids And Spreading Rate 5 Health And Safety ee ssn ssn soon U7 Air Drying Conventional Products a oe a 9 Berger Air Drying Industral Synthetic Enamel 30 Berger Air Drying Industrial SPE Syathetic Enomel 3 Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Primer so sn sn 35 Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Zinc Phosphate Prime? surnn:unmnnnnninnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnes 3B Berger Air Drying Red Lead Primer 40 Berger Air Drying Synthetic Comouflage Matt Enamels 42 Specialized Air Drying Products ry Berger Paint Finishing Brushing Enamel Gloss White (BSC-9-102) .. eee sone M5 Berger Paint Finishing Brushing Enamel High Gloss Black os a 48 Berger Paint Finishing Brushing Enamel High Gloss Golden Yellow (BSC-356) 51 Berger Paint Finishing Brushing Enamel High Gloss Signal Red (BSC-537) 54 Berger Paint Finishing Brushing Enamel High Gloss Sky Blue (BSC-101) .. son 57 Berger Point Finishing Brushing Enamel High Gloss White ..0ums:nmnnnunsnnnnnmnnnsnnsnen 60) Berger Paint Finishing Brushing General Services Gloss Black 63 Berger Paint Finishing Mati MB Green (BSC-223) 66 Berger Paint Finishing Speciol Heat Resistont MB Green (BSC-223) 69 Berger Paint Finishing Special MB Green «on. ee eee sense TD Berger Paint Finishing Yellow ... a a a 5 Berger Paint Finishing Interior Deck Gre 78 Berger Paint Finishing Mid Brunswick Green 80 Berger Paint Light Grey Finishing Weather Works sssunnnnsunsnnnnnnnannansnnnnnn 1 82 Berger Paint Finishing Spraying General Services Gloss Post Office Red (BSC-538) «.nnsnnminnnnsnes 85 Berger Paint Finishing Spraying Matt Sand (SSC-240) nnn BB) Berger Paint Weather Works White Undercoat Berger Paint White Finishing Weather Works Berger Quick Dring Semi Gloss Red Oxide Primer Berger Synthetic Primer Type I. Berger Shell Black Paint Berger Aqua Safe a GataBERGER: Trusted Worldwide TABLE OF CONTENTS Chlorinated Rubber Paints...... son son scene 103 Berger Luxachlor High Build Finish on. “ . “ . snes 104 Berger Chlorinated Rubber Paint Finish 107 Epoxy Paints 109 Berger Epilux 610 Primer .snnnsnnsnnnmnnnnsnnnnnen 10 Berger Epilux 78 High Build Epoxy Zinc Phosphate Primer...nmmnnnsninnneunnnnmnnnsnnsnenene HB Berger Epilux 4 Zinc Rich Primer 16 Berger Protecteros 402 S Modified Inorganic Zine Silicate Primer 9 Berger 2-Pack Wash Primer / Etch Primer Yellow 121 Berger Epilux 4 Polyamide Cured Epoxy Enamel nse svn snes 123 Berger Epilux 218 Amide Adduct Cured High Build Epoxy... “ . snes 126 Berger Epilux 168 High Build Micaceous Iron Oxide 129 Berger Epilux 200 Polyomide Cured Coaltar Epoxy 132 Berger Epilux 5 Polyamide Cured Cooltor Epoxy “ “ snes 135 Berger Epilux 300 Polyomide Amine Cured High Build EpOxY ..u.nnnninnnnsnnninnnnnsnnnnennene 198 High Performance Coatings 141 Berger Epilux 518 Amine Cured High Build Epoxy Tank Lining 142 Berger Epilux 815 Solvent Bosed Epoxy Phenolic Tank Lining 145 Berger Epimastic 3000 High Build Surface Tolerant Epoxy wnnnnnsnnnnnn snes VAB, Berger Zinc Anode $30 Inorganic Zinc Rich Et! Silicate «oun. “ - sense 151 Heat Resistant Paints 154 Berger Robbialac Aluminium Finish 155 Berger Heat Resistant Aluminium Paint snes “ sone 158 Berger Super Heat Resistant *S/Specific Aluminium Finish ....sminnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnennee 160 Berger Zinc Dust Graphite Heat Resistant Paint 163 Polyurethane Paints 166 Berger 2-Pack Polyurethane Colorfast Enamel 167 Boller PoIMtS ...onsnnninnnn eee eee snes VIO Berger Apexior No. 1. - ; - ; : ssn WT Berger Apexior No. 3 173 Thinners 175 Berger CR Thinner... “ 176 Berger Epoxy Thinner ..nnnnnsnnnnininnnninninninnninnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnenne 1B Berger 2 Pack Polyurethane Thinner 180 Berger Air Drying Thinner T-66 182 Berger Thinner for Coaltar Epoy ... 184 : ye a eee scene 186 he. . ; 3 sens 187 189 190 192| ma » ow Sse BERGER} Trusted Worldwide IF YOU WANTED TO PAINT ONE OF THESE WOULD YOU GO TO MUSHROOM? Modern civilization is founded on metal, stone and concrete, with these materials we build structures of every size, for every conceivable purpose-we should build them to last. But metals corrode, stone erodes and even concrete decays. Every year in Pakistan alone the cost is more than 2 billion rupees. Today in 21st century more and more demands are being made on the paint industry. It became necessary to develop coating which would protect equipment and structures not only from the wind, sun and weather but also from the harsh environment of industry itself. Around the world Berger products offer specialized solution to corrosion problems of every kind. Berger operates a global network. tn the tropics Berger Coatings have to withstand extreme temperature and humidity. In the North Sea, a hostile marine environment constantly searches for weaknesses. In the Middle East and of course, in Pakistan sand abrasion adds to the problems. Here in Pakistan as a part of that global network, Berger paints offer local consultancy services. A long list of national assets protected by Berger is a proof of commitment and expertise in this area: such well known structures as Gawadar Fish Harbor, The National Refinery, Guddu Thermal Power Station and Port Qasim Power Station, The Attock Refinery, Karachi Nuclear Power Station, Kemari Tan Terminals, and Parco, Etc. ‘An ever growing list of the leading industrial organizations depends on Berger to protect their investment. So, if you have a factory, plant, machinery or any industrial product to protect, you will find we have the answers Naturally all this expertise took years to research and develop but here in Pakistan it is just a phone call away! (UAN- BERGER (111-237-437)Trusted Worldwide SPECIFICATION NOTES| ma » ow Sse BERGER} Trusted Worldwide OBJECTIVE OF A SPECIFICATION The painter is normally responsible to his client for the quality of work carried out whether the client be private householder, large commercial concern, architect or local Authority. Therefore, from a painters point of view, the objective of a specification should be to obtain the right performance from a paint system at a reasonable cost. Its easy to specify excessive coats of paint, but this would make the cost of job prohibitive. (On the other hand, one could involve the painter in the expense of putting it right. There is no profit in either of these methods, The speci met therefore must know the type of surface and if possible, requirements of the painted surface TYPE OF SURFACES The three main Groups involved are: + Previously unpainted surfaces. + Previously painted Surfaces. + Treated surfaces. Surfaces previously unpainted may be new or some years old, and those previously painted in good or poor condition. Treated surfaces may be timber treated with preservative, galvanized steel, anodized aluminium etc. Various performance requirements can affect what should be specified on the surfaces regarding type of finishes and number of coats applied ‘These may be one or more of the following: Weather Resistance - Exterior surfaces in exposed coastal areas or industrial atmospheres. Moisture Resistance - kitchens, bathrooms, etc Chemical Resistance - Factories, machine oil tanks, etc. Abrasion Resistance - Circulatory areas of school, hospital, offices, ete Where an extra smooth blemish-free finish is required such as hospitals, extra preparation, and extra coats may be necessary to obtain the desired standard of finish and performance requirements. TYPE OF FINISH REQUIRED is can be gloss, eggshell or matt and is generally governed by the type and location of the surface and the performance requirements of the paint system.BERGER} Trusted Worldwide METHOD OF APPLICATION This is very important particularly for large contracts where specifying the right application method can greatly improve efficiency and thus profitability. The main method of applying paints are brush, roller and conventional or airless spray. Choosing the right ‘method means having a knowledge of the areas to be painted and the types of paints to be used. Some paints such as lead based materials must not be sprayed by the either Conventional Equipment but not airless (due to the small size of the aperture of airless spray fluid tips). Spraying lead-based paints can be injurious to health due to possible inhalation of lead salt particles and they should not be applied by this method. Small or delicate areas are best painted with a brush particularly much ‘cutting in ‘necessary. Large unbroken areas such as factory walls or ceiling, exterior wall surfaces, are most economically coated by spray application, with airless spray being the fastest method of all. Roller can be used to apply as paint to most surfaces and this method is much quicker than brushing though not as fast as spraying, Most rollers tend to leave slight textures or ‘orange peel’ effect on the painted surfaces and where this method is used, the client should be consulted to ensure this effect is acceptable, The amount of masking required is also important when deciding on the method of application. PRELIMINARY WORKS Atthis point itis necessary to ascertain what the client's requirements or expectations from the paint system are as outlined in the preceding paragraphs. He may require an absolutely first-class specification or because of economics or other reasons, a compromise specification. A painter should always point out a Client the risks involved in adopting a reduced specification is wrong or inadequate. TRACING SURFACE HISTORY IF a surface has been previously painted it is often helpful to know what types of paint and how many decoration have been applied in the past. The client may know the date of the last painting and if any early breakdown of the coating has occurred this may indicate possible problems, either in the substrate or existing coating, The types of coating previously used, if known, may have some bearing on the type of paint to be painted to be specified and the preparatory work necessary. SURVEY OF SURFACES Its essential that the painter discovers as much as possible trouble about the condition of the surface to be painted. Sources of possible trouble which are overlooked or ignored can prove costly at a later date. Blistering or flaking of old coating could indicate the presence of moisture and this can be checked on most surfaces, except metal, by testing with a moisture meter, The presence of Mould or Algae growth is certain indication of moisture in or on the substrate or surface, flaking can also occur when paint is applied over dirt, salts or washing residues. Stains can be caused by oil-soluble matter or water-soluble matter in the substrate not being sealed back with the correct type of sealer coat. Mould and Algae growth will also cause discoloration which may be mistaken for ‘bleeding’ of soluble matter. Faulty speciiying or poor ip @% decoration are other causes of paint failure such as cracking, chalking and flaking aBERGER} Trusted Worldwide INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF FAILURE Itis obvious that any failure of the painted surface must be put right in order to maintain full protection of substrate, What is not always so obvious is the source of the failure. Many of the painters problems are caused by structural defects which need to be investigated and put right before any further painting is considered. The specifier will need to use his trade knowledge in determining what remedial work is necessary and consult with other trades as to correct practice. ‘Some structural faults which cause painting problems are often some distance from the break down area and the specifier should look beyond the immediate surrounding area for possible causes of trouble. Example of structural defects causing trouble are: + Broken or missing damp proof course ‘+ Earth above damp proof course + Dinty tie bars in cavity + Blocked cavity wall ‘+ Opened joints in timber + Blocked capillary grooves in sills, ete + Cracked or porous rendering + Defective rainwater pipes and gutters + Roofing defects + Presence of salts Some failures are caused by faulty work and examples of this are: ‘+ Poor priming or complete lack of priming ‘+ Holes or cracks in surfaces not properly stopped in + Painting over mill scale and rust ‘+ Painting over heavy accumulations of old coating with insufficient preparation ‘+ Painting over moisture Nope cf wat howe ne FT ny uy he lo ‘re shoverereoned parm willbe acid eo Tove ay bl opening ponTrusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATIONBERGER} Trusted Worldwide Under this heading all necessary work should be listed in detail and in chronological order, avoiding descriptions, which may lead to possible misunderstanding, An instance ofthis is the term ‘wash off existing coatings’. This may be interpreted as requiring the complete removal of paint coatings by washing. The term therefore, should be written as ‘wash existing coating’. REMOVING OLD PAINT COATINGS Removal of old coatings must be specified where possible referring to the actual areas concerned, The term “ burn off where necessary’ is open to misunderstanding and possible dispute and where a painter is given 2 specification to work from containing and such a term he should contact the client or his agent so that agreement can be reached on what is considered necessary. It should be beared in mind that burning off ‘must not be specified in such cases. When specifying methods of removing old paint coatings, rust or mill scale from metal, consideration should be given to the merits and uses of modern equipment such as grit blasting, needle guns, mechanically operated carborundum disc etc. Hand cleaning with wire brushes is very ineffective in removing rust and scale from metal. Any rust or corrosion left on a metal surface and painted over will cause early problems, érom rust staining to complete loss of adhesion of the coatings. Removing old powdery residues from rendering or other exterior wall surfaces should be done with stiff bristled fibre brushes and not wire brushes. The reason of this is that wire brushes can damage the surface and also leave minute particles of metal embedded in the surface which could cause rust spots to appear in the new paint coatings. There are some mechanical methods available which can be used to increase efficiency in preparing this type of surface. CLEANING OF SURFACES: Although a surface may appear to be clean and in perfect condition there is certain to be some atmospheric dirt on the surface which will prevent 100% adhesion of following coatings. It is a wise precaution therefore to specify washing of previously painted surfaces wherever possible or practicable. Surfaces to be washed should be listed, placing emphasis on the need for thorough rinsing afterwards to remove washing residues. ‘The development of madern detergents has introduced a whole new range of cleaning materials, yet care ‘must still be taken to ensure all residues are rinsed from the surface. Detergent crystals left on a surface will quickly cause adhesion failure of the new coatings particularly emulsion paints. Some cleaning agents are caustic in nature and great care must be taken when these are used to prevent any caustic residues being left con the surface. A recent development for cleaning large exterior surfaces is the very high pressure water spray operating at pressures up to 10.000 Ib. per square inch. This is mainly intended for use in cleaning. concrete and metal surfaces, Oil and grease can cause problems for the specifier when considering methods of removal of such contaminations from a surface. The most efficient way is by strong detergent solutions or by the use of proprietary liquids based on a dispersion of strong solvent in detergent. The solvent softens the oil grease and the introduction of water causes the detergent content to emulsify the solvent and oil. Thus, after applying the liquid to the affected areas the surface can be cleaned by washing or hosing with water.BERGER} a, LT Trusted Worldwide TREATMENT OF CLEAN OR BARE SURFACES. Having specified the methods of cleaning surfaces previously painted, and removal of dirt, ete. from bare unpainted surfaces, it is now necessary to consider the work required to bring forward the surfaces to the stage where they are ready for painting. Of all the surfaces that are painted wood probably need the most attention. Wood is the most versatile ofall building materials and, if properly protected, will last for many years. It will however, be liable to rot if its moisture content is allowed to rise over 20% for a prolonged period. To reduce the risk of rot many client and authorities ask for timber to be pre-treated with one of the many types of preservative now available. This may be done at the joinery works, or may done on site by the painter, where the painter has to prepare 2 specification for painting timber treated at the joinery works prior to delivery should try to discover what preservative has been used, This is necessary because of the various types available, some of which contain wax. When dealing with preservative treated timber the specification should instruct the priming coat to be delayed until all solvent from the preservative has evaporated from the surface. This usually takes at least seven days and sometimes longer. If priming is carried out too quickly the primer coat will not adhere successfully ‘The Priming coat on all surfaces, and particularly wood is the most important coat that will ever be applied, because itis the only one in direct contact with the surface. If moisture is allowed to enter the wood through inadequate priming of an inferior quality primer is used the result can be expensive. At the least, it will mean repainting the surfaces, at worst, replacement of the unit if rot has occurred. ‘The specification should stress the importance of adequately priming all faces of the timber particularly the end grains where the moisture intake is highest. All holes and opened joints should be primed prior to stopping in, to prevent absorption of the binder from the stopper into the wood. I this occurs, the stopper will shrink and fall out allowing moisture to enter through the hole or crack. The main types of stopper used by the painter are oil based, such as linseed oil putty or proprietary the water-based stoppers are not particularly satisfactory on exterior wood surfaces, Metal surfaces should be correctly primed and the type firmly specified to avoid misunderstandings. It is always wise for all paints in a system including the primer to be from the same manufacturer in order to obtain the optimum performance. IF welding is to be carried out on metal after it has been primed then the specifier should ensure that lead-based primers are not used. The tremendous heat from the welding torch will cause lead-based paints to give off toxic fumes. The safest primers to use in the circumstances is one based on zinc, preferably the Zinc rich, or Epilux 66 type primers. Priming of plasters or rendering with an oil-based non-permeable type primer should be avoided unless its, known that the surface will have completely dried out. This is a process that takes up to six months or even longer where the moisture content is excessive. ‘When listing the work necessary to bring forward new plaster, rendering etc., attention must be paid to removal of efflorescence by dry brushing. Removal of plate scum, and the problem of trying to paint areas of over troweled surfaces. High polished plaster is virtually non-absorbent and these areas should be lightly tubbed down with fine grade abrasive paper to break the surface without leaving score marks on the plaster (On plastered surfaces with varying degrees of absorption it is often necessary to specify a ‘mist’ coat of a primer coat to reduce the variation in absorbency. TTR LA mpen ae > TOE SL Pay zaBERGER} Trusted Worldwide There are of course many other types of surfaces which may be required to be painted such as insulation boards of similar dry lining materials, glass fibres plastics etc., and the specification should clearly list any work necessary to bring forward these surfaces, including priming, where required. ‘Any information of treatment of specialist surfaces can be obtained from the manufacturer. It is a good idea that the specifier keep a library of such information for future reference. COATING SEQUENCE The type of undercoat or first coat will depend on the overall performance requirement, or the type of finish to be used, A performance requirement can mean a system applied in a short time as possible. An example of this could be a food store which can only be worked on for a short period each week. The use of water-based primers and undercoats means that surface can be primed, undercoated and finished within the space of four hours. The number of undercoats specified will also be covered by the performance requirements. Where the specifier is working to a three coat system, excluding primer. tis usual to apply two undercoats and one ‘more decorative finish on interior surfaces. The extra undercoat helps to produce a smooth and more decorative finish, However, on exterior surfaces where the main requirement is protection the specification may call for one coat of undercoat and two coats of finish. ‘Some types of paint such as emulsion paints and chlorinated rubber paint do not have separate undercoats but are applied coat on coat and the total number of coats required of these paints in the specification should be clearly shown, PRESENTATION OF SPECIFICATION ‘The layout and wording should be clear and concise. The specification should contain all the relevant information required without ambiguity. Make sure that all the parties concerned understand the contents A thorough information reflects the competence of the specifier and will lead to increase a more efficient business, ‘There are two main factors which govern the performance of a protective paint system namely, the nature of the paint coating and the degree of cleanliness of the surface to which itis applied. Optimum performance of any system will only be achieved if itis applied to a properly prepared substrate. COMMON SURFACE CONTAMINANTS Oil and Grease - Deposited from the working environment Millscale - Oxide formation from the hot rolling process at the steel mill Corrosion products ~ Rust and scale formed on unprotected steel Soluble Salts - Deposited from the atmosphere The removal of such contaminants is essential for optimum performance and the following notes cover j methods of removalBERGER} Trusted Worldwide OIL AND GREASE IF present even in trace quantities this may effect the adhesion of protective paints systems and lead to premature failure. Removal by solvent swabbing is common. However, it is essential that the deposits are removed and not simply spread over the surface. A number of washes using clean solvent and swabs is essential. Proprietary decreasing solvents may be used. These are usually water rinsable and they should be used as manufacturer's recommendations. MILL SCALE ‘This layer of oxides although initially intact readily embrittles and flakes off bringing with it the paints system. Numerous methods of scale removal have been used. () NATURAL WEATHERING This is an unreliable practice as the surface will remain contaminated with soluble salts and corrosion products (W) HAND TOOL CLEANING ‘The degree of cleanliness achieved is largely dependent upon the amount of ‘weathering’ to which the stee! has been subjected and the efforts of the operatives who have difficulty in maintaining a constant satisfactory standard. It is impossible to remove all rust and millscale by this method. Generally this method would be adopted for the following ‘A. Maintenance painting B. Easily accessible steel! work in rural areas C. Steel work inside buildings where conditions are non-corrosive D. Steel work which is to be encased in brickwork, concrete, etc. E. Internal surface of enclosed spaces that require painting (1) POWER TOOL CLEANING Although impact tools such as chipping hammers and needle guns are reasonably effective in removing rust and scale, the time and efforts is excessive. Power rotary wire brushes and grinding tools wear away the unwanted surface layer. This method tends to burnish the surface especially where firmly bonded scales exist. The burnished surface effectively reduces the adhesion properties of the primer. A further disadvantage of power tools is that they can create an unsuitable roughness with tongues of metal, which are unlikely to be adequately protected by paint. Other unfavourable factors are excessive levels and the dust hazard. Generally this would be adopted on ‘maintenance painting where small areas require remedial treatment.BERGER} Trusted Worldwide ((V) FLAME CLEANING When flame cleaning, a high temperature oxyacetylene flame is passed over the surface, scale and rust are dislodged partly by differential expansion of the steel and scale and partly by evolution of steam from moisture with in the rust. Scraping and wire brushing is necessary to remove the burnt residues. The main disadvantages of this method are: A Fire and health hazard B. Possible damage to adjacent areas C. Steel must be at least 1/4" thick to avoid bucking D. Steel temperature must not exceed 300° C E. Use prohibited on high strength friction grip joints and adjacent areas (W) ACID PICKLING Millscale and rust can be removed by immersion in acid solutions such as sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The pickling carries out its function in two different ways. First, the acid serves to dissolve both scale and rust. Secondly, as the acid creeps into breaks of the millscale a reaction between the innermost layers Cf millscale and the acid evolves hydrogen gas. This gassing results in the millscale popping off. Following. 2 hot water rinse the steel is often dipped in a bath containing a solution of phosphate which acts as a rust inhibitor. ‘A coat of priming paint should be applied as quickly as possible after drying, The main disadvantages to this ‘method are: ‘A. Awet process with effluent and fume control requirements, B. Unsuitable substrate for metal spray and many two pack systems C. Aworkshop operation with work limited to size of baths. Generally, pickling is done by specialist firms, (VD ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING Prior to blast cleaning any obvious surface defects in the steel such as lamination, shelling, weld spatte etc. should be removed by chipping or grinding ‘Any defect unobserved prior to blast cleaning and priming should be treated at the priming stage and touched up as necessary. Where steel has been allowed to rust extensively, longer times for blast cleaning, ‘may be required. Its therefore advisable to blast clean prior to rusting whenever practicable. Abrasive blast cleaning describes all methods used to project an abrasive onto the object e.g. air blasting, centrifugal blasting, or water/sand blasting. During the course of development this type of cleaning has been given several different names, e.g, sand blasting, shot blasting, and grit blasting, depending upon the abrasive used. To avoid any confusion itis recommended to use the term ‘Blast Cleaning. Abrasive blast cleaning is the preferred method of preparing steel as rust, millscale and old paint coatings are effectively removed. The blast cleaning provides @ roughened surface with the surface amplitude or profile (peak to through) being reasonably controlled by the amount of air pressure and the type and size of abrasive used. Its important that the surface profile be considered in relation to the film thickness and type of primer involved especially ifthe primed steel is to be subjected to exterior locations. The surface profile for metal sprayed coatings must be in accordance with BS 2569. VACUUM BLASTING Ideal for small repair areas, welds, etc. The abrasive is collected for re-use by shroucling the blast nozzle with {a vacuum hood. The mixed abrasive and debris pass through as separating device before the filtered abrasive is returned to the blasting circuit. o 6BERGER} Trusted Worldwide WET ABRASIVE BLASTING. The abrasive is carried to the work surface in a stream of water. Itis necessary to use non-metallic abrasive. Corrosion inhibitors may be added to the water to delay re-rusting of the steel. The amount and type of inhibitor additions must be strictly monitored to ensure that the adhesive properties of the paint coating are not impaired. ‘The major advantages of wet abrasive blasting are the provision of dust free conditions and the elimination of fire hazards which permits this method to be employed on high risk areas such as offshore platforms, petroleum and chemical plant maintenance, and also the removal of residual salts especially from pits. Itis essential to use primers which are tolerant of damp surfaces, such as Epilux 161, so that the blast cleaned surface is protected as soon as possible. CORROSION PRODUCTS Blast cleaning times should be extended to cater for the more difficult removal of rust SOLUBLE SALTS ‘These are commonly encountered on steel that has been allowed to rust in a polluted atmosphere. Removal of salts formed in pits in difficult but essential if premature failure is to be avoided. The use of wet blasting is advised. Careful control by visual and chemical means is advocated Blast cleaning is strongly recommended in all cases where high quality long life expectancy system are called for and specifiers are referred to a study of BS 5493, the code of Practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion. TABLE OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING British SSPC S1S.05.59.00 | Percentage of area_[ Allowable residues ‘Standard 4232 | USA Swedish to be cleaned in any given area 1 Quality White Metal a3 Total Nil 2 Quality Near White Metal [$22.5 95% No more then 10% 37 Quality (Commercial Sa2 80% No more then 40% The Swedish Standard is pictorial, the other are two descriptive attempting to define the areas of residual scale, etc, allowable for each grade, The Swedish Standards, which are carried out, as this will obviously affect the visual appearance of the surface after the required preparation. These are: (a) Acompletely mill scaled covered uncorroded surface (b)_A surface which has begun to rust with millscale present (6) Asurface which is fully corroded with obvious pitting (@) A surface which is severely corroded with obvious pitting The grades of cleaning by blasting are prefixed by the reference Sa, thus Sa3 is steel blasted to white metal with all dust, etc. being removed by vacuuming or some equally effective method. This is quite difficult to achieve practically and is normally only specified for certain speciality coatings. Sa 2.5 Second Quality or Near White is the more usually accepted standard and would be considered as a suitable base to realize the full life expectancy of most coating systems, anything less than this must be a compromise. > sweep blasting is frequently used as a more rapid and probably cheaper method for removing ering fouling and broken coating systems. Care should be taken when this method is employed to srs paint film are built up back to their original thickness. wa Wa esis a> Wm, fe za| | BERGER} Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PROFILE Blast cleaning produce a roughened surface and the evenness of this profile is important. Most specification call for peak to through amplitudes of 100 microns (0.004mm) maximum. The formation of ‘rough peaks! can lead to uneven film build coverage and premature failure. It is generally advantageous where metal spray or some specialised coatings are involved. MANUAL CLEANING STANDARDS Swedish Standard $15.05.59.00:1967 lays down such standards St2 and St3 and these are correlated to four initial rust grades A-D, in practice standardisation is difficult as results are related to operative performance. APPLICATION OF COATINGS To perform satisfactory paint coatings must be applied on a correctly prepared surface. FILM THICKNESS Ideally each coat of paint should be applied to achieve the minimum dry film thickness requirement, with as reat as possible a uniform layer of paint, Paints have an adequate tolerance factor relative to films applied within a reasonable (f1) Excess (may be 50 %) of the specified thickness. However, to assume that paints applied at thicknesses considerably in excess of the specification will extend the protective life, is not necessarily correct. Defects which could result from excessive thickness include alligatoring, bubbling, blistering, cracking, cratering, extended drying, pinholing, sagging, and wrinkling, etc. BRUSH APPLICATION Although brush application is relatively slow process, this method fulfils a requirement on small and complex areas where spray application is not practicable or permissible. Its also the recommended method for the application of stripe coats. In most instances when high build coatings are applied by brush, multi-coats are necessary to achieve a thickness comparable with spray application, However, with sensible brush selection and an application technique which discourages overbrushing, relatively thick film can be applied. ROLLER APPLICATION Roller application is faster than brush application and is more adaptable to relatively uniform surfaces such as tanks and walls Brushes are required for the purpose of ‘cutting in." Rollers of different length of nap are available to suit varying surface roughness. Short and medium nap are more adaptable to smooth surfaces. Long nap rollers are preferable on rough or irregular surfaces. As in brush application, high film build is not easily achieved with roller.BERGER} Trusted Worldwide CONVENTIONAL SPRAY ‘As paints vary in character and viscosity, itis essential that a suitable type of spray gun and the associated equipment be used in keeping with the product. Best results will be obtained by correct selection of fluid tips, needles and air caps, in conjunction with the necessary gun adjustments, For example, high viscosity paints are more suited to a pressure-eed system with a heavy duty gun combination. The majority of paint coatings can be satisfactorily applied through a pressure-feed system. Although some solvent addition is usually necessary for high viscosity paints. The main disadvantages of air spray application when compared with airless spray are: 1. The extra solvent addition which can restrict the film build and retard the drying, 2. Overspray and spray dust are unavoidable. 3, Slower rate of application. AIRLESS SPRAY Paint coatings are atomized by the action of forcing them at high pressure through an accurately designed sinall orifice. A combination of high velocity and rapid expansion of the coatings on passing through the ofifice into the atmosphere cause them to break up (atomize) into a spray of fine particles without the additional assistance of compressed air as an atomizing influence. Hydraulic pressure in the range of 1,000 to 3,000 p.s.i will cater for the requirements of most paint coatings. Higher pressures would only be required for unusually high viscosity coatings. Airless application has several advantages over air spray application which includes: 1. Speed of application 2, Overspray reduced to a minimum resulting in healthier, cleaner and safer working conditions 3. Ability to apply high viscosity paints in thicker and more uniform films 4. Improved "wetting! characteristics are provided especially when fast drying paints are being applied 5. Provided adequate pressure is available, more than one gun can be used with each spray pump CONTROL FACTORS Only three factors of control relative to application are available to the operative which are: (a) Hydraulic pressure (b)_ Spray tip orifice and angle (6). Viscosity of paints The recommended practice in every instance is to ensure that the most suitable spray up and pressure are selected and tried, to establish whether any solvent additions are necessary. SPRAY TIPS. Orifice size selection is extremely important as combined with pressure they determine the flow rate of the re sideration should also be given to the spray angle ensuring that the optimum fan pattern width. in ‘a: to the shape and size of the structure involved. aan ©. _ zaBERGER} Trusted Worldwide SPRAY GUN ‘The spray fan should be kept at right angles to the surface and the gun should be triggered off at the end of each pass. The ideal distance for holding an airless spray gun from the surfaces being coated is 12" to 15* this will censure a full wet coat is applied. Distances in excess of 20" encourage pinholing, dry spray, and overspray. Ensure thatthe safety triggerlocking device is in working order and only released during spraying operation. When in use avoid placing hands or fingers in front of the gun as contact with the pressurised paint can ‘cause serious injury. Always use the correct fluid hoses which are reinforced to withstand high pressures and which ate free from kinks and damage. No pac ct esd ped howe DFTiny sry ne uta ol Tove ay aa opera =BERGER} Trusted Worldwide IRON AND STEEL INTRODUCTION Iron and steel require the most thorough surface preparation and protection with an adequate paint system. Low standards of preparation render subsequent painting ineffective ‘The most effective preparatory methods for cleaning iron and steel are shot blasting, grit blasting, flame cleaning, impact needle guns and forms of chemical cleaning. ‘These methods are capable of removing scale, rust and other contaminants from various types and sections Of iron and steel. Residues from these processes also require removal and the total preparatory cost is therefore high. Hand cleaning methods of scale chipping, scraping and wire brushing must be as thorough as possible. There should be no delay before priming clean iron or steel, as exposure to air will cause the surface to deteriorate after a very short interval. Priming within 4 hours of preparation is advised, Priming and subsequent painting of iron and stecl, done under cover, in well ventilated warm and dry areas, will enable maximum surface protection to be achieved. PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1. IRON AND STEEL (NEW OR UNPAINTED) 1. Remove oil or grease by solvent cleaning and wiping off with clean cloths 2, Remove all scale and rust and other contamination by the most effective method to produce the required standard surface preparation. Ensure that the surface is completely dry and dust of. 3. Apply an even coat of primer immediately, ensuring that all edges are adequately coated. 4, Primers for iron and steel 5. Berger Epilux 66 blast primer. 6. Berger Epilux 78 H.B, Primer. 7. Berger Chlorrubber primer. 8, Berger Red oxide zinc chromate primer etc. 2. PRE-PRIMED IRON AND STEEL. Check that the primer is sound and had been applied to an adequately prepared surface. Where satisfactory, censure that the surface is clean and dry, and that any surface defects are rectified and any bare metal spot, primed. Where the primer is not satisfactory of the metal not adequately prepared remove paint scale, rust, etc. By suitably effective methods and treat the surface as for unpainted iron and steel Ensure that all surfaces are dry and free from loose particles and primed or spot primed immediately according to surface requirements, _ zaoc Vdataks BERGER} Trusted Worldwide 3. PREVIOUSLY PAINTED IRON AND STEEL Where the whole surface is in poor condition, remove all the old paint with Paint Remover and prepare as for unpainted iron and steel Iron and steel in generally sound condition should first be checked for defective paint which should be removed back to clean bright metal. Prime all metal immediately and allow to dry. Degrease remaining painted surfaces with white spirit and wash with a solution of detergent and water. Thoroughly rinse-off, washing residues with clean water, (Check the surface again for loosely attached or defective paint and remove as necessary, back to clean bright metal. Dust-off and ensure that all surfaces are dry. Prime or spot prime bare metal immediately according to surface requirements. 4. BITUMEN COATED IRON AND STEEL Because of the risk of cracking or excessive bleeding, new Bitumen, or thick soft coatings of bituminous ‘materials are not suitable for painting except with further coats of bituminous material. ‘Thin hard bituminous layers are usually possible to paint when they are effectively sealed with a material to prevent bleeding, Ensure that the surface is prepared free from dirt grease and loose particles. Remove all defective coatings and all corrosion from bare metal, Apply one or two coats of Berger Aluminium Printer as required to stop bleeding, No panic wast mpl hws nce coef et FT ny uy he lo ‘re shoverereoned parm willbe acid eo Tove ay bal pena pnBERGER} Trusted Worldwide GALVANIZED IRON AND STEEL INTRODUCTION New galvanized surfaces are usually very smooth, making firm adhesion of paint difficult. When exposed for some weeks to the action of weathering the surface is etched sufficiently to provide better adhesion for paint. But as it is often necessary to apply the primer direct to unweathered galvanized surfaces, special care should be taken to remove all grease, oil or other surface contaminations, so that the primer can have direct, contact with the clean metal surface. For small areas removal of oil or grease by decreasing with white spirit is effective, providing ample white spirit is brushed on, a residues are completely removed with clean cloths, Failure to remove residues white spirit cleaning will result in a very thin film of oil or grease over a much larger area than the original contamination. Large galvanized ateas such as trunking are best cleaned free of oil grease with white spirit, and then washed with a solution of detergent and water. Adequate rinsing to remove all washing residues is essential, and ‘warm water will assist surface drying PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1, NEW GALVANIZED IRON AND STEEL Completely remove all oil, grease or other surface contamination by the method suited to the area and condition of the surface. Ensure that all surfaces are dry and prime immediately, with Berger wash primer. 2, WEATHERED GALVANIZED IRON AND STEEL Clean the surface free from oil, grease or other surface contamination. Remove all rust by scraping and wire brushing Iron and Steel back to clean metal. Ensure that surface is dry and dust off Prime immediately with Berger Wash Primer. 3. PREVIOUSLY PAINTED GALVANIZED IRON AND STEEL ‘Where there is any flank of lifting from the metal surface, weak adhesion must be present in most areas and complete removal with Paint Remove is advised, When the paint work is generally in sound condition, remove any grease oil with White Spirit and wash the whole surface with a solution of detergent and water, followed by thorough rinsing with clean water ‘Check the surface for damaged paint and remove back to a clean metal surface, avoiding damage to the galvanizing and ensuring that all remaining edges are firmly attached, Check for rust and if present remove completely. Rub down all painted areas, dust off and ensure that all surfaces are dry. Prime or spot immediately with Berger wash primer. a: aay _ =a7 a Gat0k BERGER} Trusted Worldwide NON-FERROUS METALS PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1, ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS ‘Aluminium has a smooth and rather greasy surface, and if left untreated white corrosion forms on the surface. itis therefore necessaty to remove any grease and corrosion and provide a “key" for the primer. ‘Aluminium should be kept out from contact with caustic solutions and should not be primed with lead pigmented primers Prepare the bare metal by abrading with fine wet or dry abrasive paper using white spirit as lubricant. Wipe off with clean cloths soaked in white spirit and remove all residues with dry clean cloths. Primer with Berger wash Primer, without excessive delay, applying a smooth even coat. 2. COPPER, BRASS AND SIMILAR ALLOYS ‘These metals are difficult to paint as they provide no *key" for the adhesion of paint and are better left unpainted. Where painting is essential, the surface requires abrading and decreasing as for aluminium surfaces. Also precautions should be taken to avoid metal particles contaminating surrounding areas and causing staining, Normal primers are not recommended. Instead apply a well brushed out coat of Berger Super gloss Enamel direct to the clean surface. 3. LEAD Because of its soft, smooth and easily dented surface, lead is best left unpainted. When itis essential to paint lead, it should be noted that the degree of adhesion depends on the thoroughness of the preparation. Prepare the surface by roughening with wet or dry abrasive paper, using white spiri with a cloth soaked in white spirit and wipe again with a clean dry cloth a lubricant. Wipe Normal primers are not recommended. Instead, apply a well brushed out coat of Berger Super Gloss Enamel Finish direct to the surface. 4, PREVIOUSLY PAINTED NON-FERROUS METALS Where flaking or lifting from the bare metal is extensive or other signs of weak adhesion are present, remove all the old paint completely with Paint Remover and treat as for a new surface. Where flaking or lifting from the bare metal is extensive or other signs of weak adhesion are present, remove all the old paint completely with Paint Remover and treat as for a new surface. Where the surface coatings are sound. Remove grease of oil contamination with white Spirit, wash the surface with a solution of detergent and water and rinse thoroughly with clean water. Check the surface for defective paint and remove where necessary back to clean and firm paint edges. Spot prime with required primer. No panic wast mpl hws nce coef et FT ny uy he lo Tove ay bl opening ponBERGER} Trusted Worldwide PLASTER, CEMENT RENDERINGS, BRICKWORK, MASONRY, ETC. INTRODUCTION Whether new or previously painted, these surfaces should be checked for mould or other organic growths. Where surfaces are infected, treatment should be undertaken before any other preparatory or painting process is started, ‘The wall of new building can contain large amounts or water. Surfaces may therefore be damp or even wet, and also have efflorescence forming. Where this occurs on plaster, there may also be variable surface porosity to increase painting problems. IF possible, decoration should be delayed until excess moisture has dispersed and efflorescence is no longer active, Decoration with permeable and alkali resistant emulsion paints such as Berger Emulsion is advised, PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1. PLASTERS Remove all plaster splashes and other surface contamination. Make good, cracks and surface defects with the appropriate plaster or water based cellulose filler. When set, ensure that all powclering residues are removed from the area surrounding the repair. Remove all efflorescence as and when it appears, until such action ceases, Maintain adequate ventilation for drying For decoration with an impervious paint system complete drying in depth is essential especially where both sides of interior partition walls are to be painted. Drying to this degree may take 6 months or more, depending on the method of construction and degree of ventilation. Priming with Berger Alkyd Primer is required for Gloss and Eggshell system. The primer should be applied liberally so that the most absorbent areas can take up sufficient prime. Cross brushing and laying off ensure and even application, 2, CEMENT RENDERINGS, CONCRETE, BRICKWORK, MASONRY, ETC. Brush down thoroughly with stiff fibre brushes to loose surface contamination and particles. Scrape off hard ‘mortar or cement splashes. Make good, defects with cement/sand or other appropriate material to match the porosity of surrounding areas. Ensure that all new surfaces are allowed to dry out completely before using a gloss system, Priming with Berger Alkyd Primer is required for Gloss and Eggshell systems. Brush sufficient primer into the surface to suit the most absorbent areas.BERGER} Trusted Worldwide 3, PREVIOUSLY PAINTED PLASTERS, CEMENT RENDERINGS CONCRETE, BRICKWORK Cut out all major cracks and surface defects, Provide an adequate "key" and make good with suitable plaster of cementisand mix according to the substrate. Wash down with a solution of detergent and water, to remove all dirt and other surface contamination. Rub down while wet with fine grade wet or dry abrasive. Rinse off thoroughly with clean water to remove all washing residues and allow to dry. Prime all bare surfaces and remaining cracks, working the primer well into the surface. Wipe off excess primer from surrounding painted areas. Surface which are flaking extensively should be stripped back to a firm surface, and primed if necessary according to the surface exposed and finish required. Exterior surfaces which ate powdering should be brushed down thoroughly with stiff fibre brushes to remove all powdering, particles and primed with Stabilizing Solution, Nope cf wat howe ee -& FT yy he lo = Toxo myb si i : — ee Va cackekstBERGER} Trusted Worldwide WOOD SURFACES INTRODUCTION Because of its cellular structure, wood is capable of holding large amounts of water. Properly seasoned wood contains no excess moisture and should not be exposed to contact with water before it is effectively protected by priming, Where wood units are fitted into walls, itis essential forall surfaces including the back tobe primed, Apply two coats to all end grain. Units which are to be assembled without glue should have all joints and ‘meeting surfaces fully primed, and assembly completed before the primer is dry. Effective stopping of wood relies on the priming coat being brushed well into any defects including holes where nail heads etc., have been punched below the surface. Stopping should be applied when the primer is sufficiently hard to withstand knife pressure. PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1. SOFTWOODS UNPAINTED Rub down with fine glass paper diagonally across the grain, finishing off very lightly in the direction of the grain. Lightly round off all sharp edges with worn glass paper. Ensure that the wood is dry and free from any contamination and dust off thoroughly. Apply the primer liberally and brush well into the surface, taking care that the final brushwork is smooth and even. Primers for soft Softwood Berger Wood Primer (Exterior and Interior Quality) ~ Pink Berger C.R. Primer (thinned) Berger Expilux 4 Enamel (thinned) Berger Aluminium Primer (for resinous woods) 2, HARDWOODS UNPAINTED Rub down with fine glass paper and lightly round off sharp edges. Ensure that the wood is dry and free from contamination and dust off thoroughly. Ensure that all nails, pins and screw head are sunk well below the surface. If any delay occurs between preparation and priming, itis reasonable precaution to wipe over the surface with White Spirit. Apply the primer liberally to ensure penetration and cross brush to spread evenly. Lay off smoothly and evenly. Primers for Hardwood are as aboveBERGER} Trusted Worldwide 3, SOFTWOODS AND HARDWOODS PREVIOUSLY PAINTED Remove all defective surface coatings by burning off, or alternatively with Paint Remover. Wipe olf residues of paint remover with thinner, Rub down with fine glass paper to a smooth surface, dust off, knot and prime as for new wood. Spot prime all open joints or other defects of remaining painted woodwork. When dry, stop up with a suitable Oil Based Hard Stopper to prevent water penetration from subsequent washing of adjacent sound surfaces. Wash all remaining painted surfaces with a solution of detergent and water to remove all dirt or other contamination. Rub down while wet with fine grade wet-ordry abrasive. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to remove all washing residues, 4. CREOSOTED WOOD Do not attempt to paint over creosote unless itis well weathered. Prepare the surface, removing grease, dirt ‘ other contamination, ensuring that it is dry. Creosoted wood is not suited to receive ordinary paint systems, as discoloration due to "bleeding" is likely to occur. The surface should therefore be sealed with one coat of Berger Aluminium Primer, using a second coat is discolored FURTHER PAINTING Matt Finish - Interior only. Surfaces 1, 2 and 3 Berger Allrounder/VIP Plastic Emulsion may be used unthinned over primed of previously painted woodwork providing itis not applied over paints pigmented with aluminium. For woodwork liable to handing or heavy wear such as doors, sills, skirting etc. This matt finish requires more frequent cleaning paints with a gloss or high sheen finish, Satin Finish - Interior only. Surfaces 1, 2 and 3 Apply 2 or more coats of Berger Vinyl Silk. The First coat should be applied unthinned, and subsequent coats may be thinned up to 1 volume of water to 10 volume of paint. Eggshell Finish - Interior only. Surface 1,2 and 3. Apply 2 Coats of Berger Eggshell. Interior and Exterior, Gloss Finish - Surface 1,2 and 4. Under Coating Apply 1 ot 2 coats of Berger Undercoat, Finishing Apply 1 oF 2 coats of Berger Super gloss No puis mpl hws nce coef et FT yy he lo ‘he soemensned mec wl beatae! Tove ay bl opening ponBERGER} Trusted Worldwide BUILDING BOARDS AND SHEETS INTRODUCTION The Varieties of boards mentioned on this sheet are those most likely to be encountered. Specifications can be given for other boards and sheets by sending full particulars and if possible a small sample of board. PREPARATION AND PRIMING 1, HARDBOARDS There are variations in the texture and smoothness of the surface. Preparation consists of removing any surface contamination and light rubbing down with glasspaper, if the surface is very smooth and hard. Priming is necessary unless the makers recommend the application of undercoats and finishes direct. For exterior use, hardboard should be primed with Berger Wood Primer. 2, INSULATION BOARDS UNFACED The exceptional open texture of these boards makes conventional priming processes expensive and relatively ineffective, Preparation consists of ensuring the surface is dry and that subsequent coats of paint can be prevented from sinking or drying with a variable gloss or sheen. Prime with Berger Allrounder/VIP Plastic Emulsion. 3, INSULATION BOARDS FINE TEXTURED Preparation Consists of checking that the surface is dry and not contaminated in any way. Prime with Berger Primer. 4. ASBESTOS INSULATED WALLBOARDS These boards are capable of absorbing very large quantities of water. When emulsion paints are applied direct to the surface, even when thinned extensively with water there is a danger of so much water being removed from the paint that the film forming properties and adhesion are seriously weakened. Prime with Berger Allrounder/VIP Plastic Emulsion Do not dust off surfaces because of danger of diffusing Asbestos particles in the atmosphere, Remove surface contamination by washing off with clean water. 5. ASBESTOS CEMENTS This material is very alkaline with variable texture and can retain moisture for long periods. Remove surface contamination by washing off with clean water to avoid the danger of diffusing Asbestos particles in the atmosphere. Asbestos cement should then be allowed to dry in well ventilated conditions. For impervious paint systems to be used successfully, both side and edges of this material require sealing with Berger Acrylic Primer or Alkyd Wall Primer. ae a: aay _ =aTrusted Worldwide VOLUME SOLIDS AND SPREADING RATEBERGER} Trusted Worldwide Uitre of liquid, if spread at an even thickness of 25 microns (1 mil), will cover an area of 40 sq. meters ie the covering capacity at 25 microns is 40 sq. meterslitre, when the total volume of 1 litre used. However, ‘when considering paints, the total volume is rarely used as a proportion of this is solvent which evaporates away and is lost. f we consider a simple case where the % volume solids of given paint is 50% when litre Of this paint is spread over 40 sq, meters, the WET film thickness would be 25 microns (Imil) but in drying out this would reduce to 12 1/2 microns (1/2 mil) ORY film thickness. ‘Therefore, if we wish to achieve a DRY film thickness of 25 micron (1 mil) ORY film thickness. With this paint, we would have to apply the paint at twice the Thickness, which is the same as halving the spreading, rate. ‘The figure of 40 sq, metersfitre at 25 microns quoted earlier is a calculated figure obtained from the volume. Using this and knowing the % volume solids itis then possible to calculate the theoretical spreading rate, i.e, what the spreading rate of a given paint on a completely smooth surface without loss would be. Spreading rate in sq, metersfitre 40 x%h volume solids at 25 Itis then easy to adjust this for any film thickness. Doubling the dry film thickness halves the spreading rate, halving the dry film thickness doubles the spreading rate and so on. This gives theoretical spreading rate which is the only accurately calculable figure. Certain losses will occur due to 1. Uneven application-excess film thickness over the required minimum. 2. Losses due to material remaining in the pots. Brushes, spray guns. 3. Spillage 4, Material needed to fill depressions, etc. in the surface. 5, Inaccuracy of the area measurement Al these reduce the theoretical spreading rate to a practical spreading rate which, as can be appreciated, will vary under every circumstance, making it almost impossible to the practical spreading rate. Tay Se dylanTrusted Worldwide HEALTH AND SAFETYBERGER} Trusted Worldwide The majority of paints, coatings and thinners do not present special hazards in storage or use provided that good standards of industrial hygiene are maintained. However, it must be remembered that these materials can introduce two potential hazards: to health and of fre. HEALTH Paint coatings and thinners are mixtures of various chemicals some of which are potentially hazardous if their use is not strictly controlled in accordance with good standards of industrial hygiene and safe working practice. Detailed advice on what is desirable or obligatory in this respect may be obtained from. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ‘The following is a guide to the potential hazards and recommended safe practices. Before using the material, read the technical data sheet and the precautionary labels on the container. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1. Avoid contact with the skin and eyes. Wear suitable protective clothing such as overalls, goggles, dust mask and gloves. Use a barrier cream. 2, Ensure that there is adequate ventilation in the area where the product is being applied. Do not breath vapour or spray. 3. Usually these products are flammable. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not smoke. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. In case of fre, blanket flames with foam, carbon dioxide or dy chemicals. FIRST AID 1. EVES Inthe even of accidental splashes, flush eyes with plenty of cold water immediately and obtain medical advice 2, SKIN Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Do not use solvent and thinners. 3. INHALATION Remove to fresh air and keep patient rested. 4, INGESTION ‘The ingestion of paint should always be avoided. Food and drink should not be brought into stored, prepared (or consumed in areas where paints are stored or used. Smoking in such areas should be prohibited. In the event that paint, thinners etc. are accidentally swallowed do Not induce vomiting, Seek immediate medical advice. a: a a> Wn, _ =aTrusted Worldwide AIR DRYING CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTSBERGER: Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING INDUSTRIAL SYNTHETIC ENAMEL PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Industrial Synthetic Enamel is a general purpose enamel for different kinds of substrates used in industries. Berger Industrial Synthetic Enamel is designed to be applied on Ferrous as well as Non-Ferrous substrates with good qualities of gloss, adhesion, color retention and mild chemical and environment resistance. Due to its excellent decorative as well as protective qualities, it is also recommended to be used on electrical motors, pumps, appliances and machinery, etc. PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Industrial Synthetic Enamel is composed of specially designed Alkyd Resin with suitable color fast pigments and inert extenders which impart its exclusive properties of corrosion resistance, adhesion and colorfastness coupled with mild chemical and environment resistance. TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Drying Priming Coat 2-Pack Wash Primer/Red Oxide Primer/Grey Primer Specific Gravity 0:88-0.94 Grind 7 Pack Viscosity 160-180 Seconds @ F4 @ 30°C Gloss 587% @ 60°C SHEEN Head Color ‘Assorted Shades Available Flash Point 323°C APPLICATION INFORMATION ‘Application Method Conventional Spray, Airless Spray, Brush “Application Viscosity 24-26 Seconds @ F4 @ 25 °C Solvent / Cleaner Berger Thinner 1-66 Covering Capacity (09-10 m*/Litre/Coat @ 425 m DFT (Assuming no Toss) Number of Coats Two Coats Diy Film Thickness 50-60 pm (Attain in Two Coats) Surface Dry: 34 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Drying Time Hard Dry: 20-24 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Finish Fall GlossBERGER} Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATION + Surface must be free from dust, dit, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. * For best performance on Non-Ferrous metals we recommend Degreasing with Berclean and Chromate Acid Pickling with Berchrome followed by Etch Primer Application + Ferrous metals to be treated with Phosphate Conversion Coating for best performance. STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Keep away from heat and spark sources. Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight. Keep the containers closed in storage, Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. Use the paint in ventilation. Store below 35 °C for best performance, + As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommencled storage conditions, product can be used within 6 months of manufacturing date. FIRST AID In Case of Eye Splashes ‘+ Wash with plenty of lowing cold water. * Immediately consult the physician, In Case of Inhalation (ifthe person feels dizziness or unconsciousness) ‘+ Remove the person to open fresh air area * Provide antficial breathing if needed. + Consult a doctor. In Case of Ingestion * Drink plenty of water or milk * Do not induce vomiting, + Consult a doctor. In Case of Skin Contact (i tritation is felt) * Wash with plenty of water and soap. + Consult a doctor if irritation continues. SPILLAGE HANDLING Do not wipe the place with solvent. Use wood sawdust and sand and thoroughly spread on the spilled paint. Gather the mixture, store in some waste drum and dispose off according to local environment regulations. Never throw out the paint in open garbage areas where fire is a normBERGER: Trusted Worldwide ‘Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with skin. ‘Avoid prolonged inhalation. Never try to ingest the product. Always use safety items, goggles, mask, gloves, and apron for personal safety Do not use the product in congested or poor ventilated areas, Ra eee a omBERGER} Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING INDUSTRIAL SPE SYNTHETIC ENAMEL PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Industrial SPE Synthetic Enamel is a general purpose enamel for different kinds of substrates. Berger Synthetic Enamel is designed to be applied on Ferrous as well as Non-Ferrous substrates ‘with good qualities of gloss, adhesion, color retention and mild chemical and environment resistance. Due to its good decorative as well as protective qualities, itis also recommendled to be used on various types of industrial appliances along with domestic usage. PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Industrial SPE Synthetic Enamel is composed of specially designed Alkyd Resin with suitable pigments and inert extenders which impart its exclusive properties of corrosion resistance and adhesion coupled with mild chemical and environment resistance. TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Drying 2-Pack Wash Primer/Red Oxide Primer? po Grey Primer/Zinc Chromate Primer Specific Gravity 0.94-1,00 Grind a Pack Viscosity 140-160 Seconds @ F4 @ 30°C Gloss > 80% @60 °C SHEEN Head Color Assorted Flash Point 330°C APPLICATION INFORMATION “Application Method Conventional Spray, Airless Spray, Brush “Application Viscosity 24-26 Seconds @ Fa @ 25 °C Solvent / Cleaner Berger Thinner F-66 Covering Capacity 10-12 mi/Litre/Coat @ 1225 m DFT (Assuming no loss) Number of Coats Two Coats Diy Film Thickness, 40-50 yim (Attain in Two Coats) Surface Diy: 5-7 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Drying Time Hard Diy: 18-24 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Finish Full GlossBERGER} Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATION + Surface must be free from dust, dit, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. * For best performance on Non-Ferrous metals we recommend Degreasing with Berclean and ‘Chromate Acid Pickling with Berchrome followed by Etch Primer Application (Industrial Appliances) + Ferrous metals to be treated with Phosphate Conversion Coating for best performance and applied with suitable primer prior to Synthetic Enamel Application (Industrial Appliances) STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS + Keep away from heat and spark sources. * Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight * Keep the containers closed in storage. * Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. + Use the paint in ventilation * Store below 35 °C for best performance. * As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommended storage conditions, product can be used within 6 months of manufacturing date. FIRST AID In Case of Eye Splashes * Wash with plenty of flowing cold water. + Immediately consult the physician. In Case of Inhalation (ifthe person feels dizziness or unconsciousness) * Remove the person to open fresh air area + Provide artificial breathing if needed. + Consult a doctor. In Case of Ingestion * Drink plenty of water or milk + Do not induce vomiting, * Consult a doctor. In Case of Skin Contact (tf tritation is felt) + Wash with plenty of water and soap. + Consult a doctor if irritation continues. SPILLAGE HANDLING + Do not wipe the place with solvent. * Use wood sawdust and sand and thoroughly spread on the spilled paint. * Gather the mixture, store in some waste drum and dispose-off according to local environment regulations. + Never throw out the paint in open garbage areas where fire is a norm, a: a a> Wn, _ =aBERGER} Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING RED OXIDE PRIMER PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Primer is an anti-corrosive primer suitable for shop or field painting needs for both Ferrous as well as Non-Ferrous metals. Product is lead free with excellent corrosion resistant properties and is used for structural components (MS, GA Stee!) in mild corrosive conditions. The primer is equally suitable for power or hand tool cleaned surfaces. Galvanized surfaces must be prior applied with 2 Pack ‘Wash Primer to ensure the adhesion. PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Primer is a balanced blend of Alkyd Resins, Non-Lead Anti-corrosive Pigments with selective additives that impart excellent adhesive, anti-corrosive, filling and metal protective properties. TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Drying Priming Coat self Specific Gravity 133-141 Grind 5-6 Pack Viscosity 100-110 Seconds @ Ford Cup #4 @ 30°C Gloss 10-20% @ 60 °C SHEEN Head Color Red Oxide Flash Point 32-34°C Salt Resistance Good if Top-Coated with Suitable Enamel Water Resistance ‘Good against Rains and Pours. Not Recommended for Permanent Damp or immersed Parts, ‘Abrasion Resistance Mild APPLICATION INFORMATION ‘Application Method Conventional Spray, Airless Spray, Brush “Application Viscosity Depends on Method of Application Solvent / Cleaner Berger Thinner 1-66/Turpentine Oil Covering Capacity 10-12 m/Litre/Coat (Assuming no 1055) Number of Coats 1-2 Dry Film Thickness 25-30 jim (Recommended) Drying Time Surface Dry: 4 Hours Max at 25 Hard Diy: 24 Hours Max: ‘Overcoating Time 24 Hours Minimum Finish Eg Shell-MattBERGER: Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATION + Surface must be free from dust, dit, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. * For best performance on Non-Ferrous metals we recommend Degreasing with Berclean and Chromate ‘Acid Pickling with Berchrome. + Ferrous metals to be treated with Phosphate Conversion Coating for best performance. STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS * Keep away from heat and spark sources. ‘+ Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight. * Keep the containers closed in storage. * Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. ‘+ Use the paint in ventilation. * Store below 35 °C for best performance. + As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommendled storage conditions, product can be used within 12 months of manufacturing date. FIRST AID In Case of Eye Splashes + Wash with plenty of flowing cold water. ‘+ Immediately consult the physician In Case of Inhalation (ifthe person feels dizziness or unconsciousness) * Remove the person to open fresh air area Provide artificial breathing if needed. Consult a doctor, In Case of Ingestion Drink Plenty of water or milk. Do not induce vomiting. Consult a doctor, In Case of Skin Contact if trvitation is felt) ‘Wash with plenty of water and soap, Consult a doctor if irritation continues. SPILLAGE HANDLING * Do not wipe the place with solvent ‘+ Use wood sawdust and sand and thoroughly spread on the spilled paint Gather the mixture, store in some waste drum and dispose off according to local environment regulations. Never throw out the paint in open garbage areas where fire is a normBERGER’ Trusted Worldwide ‘+ Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with skin. ‘+ Avoid prolonged inhalation. ‘+ Never try to ingest the product. ‘+ Always use safety items, like goggles, mask, gloves, and apron for personal safety. + Do not use the product in congested or poor ventilated areas.BERGER: Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING RED OXIDE ZINC PHOSPHATE PRIMER PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Zinc Phosphate Primer is anti-corrosive primer suitable for shop or field painting needs for both Ferrous as well as Non-Ferrous metals. Product is lead free with excellent corrosion resistant properties and is used for structural components (MS, GA Steel) in mild corrosive conditions. The primer is equally suitable for power or hand tool cleaned surfaces. PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Red Oxide Zinc Phosphate Primer is a balanced blend of Alkyd Resins, Non-Lead Anti-corrosive Pigments with selective additives that impart excellent adhesive, anti-corosive, filling and ‘metal protective properties. TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Dryiny Priming Coat Itself Specific Gravity 1.35-1.45 Grind 255 Pack Viscosity (60-70 Seconds @ Ford Cup #4 @ 30 Gloss 10-20% @ 60 °C SHEEN Head Color Red Oxide Flash Point 28-32 °C Volume Solids 43-49 Xylene Rub O7 Rubs “Alkali Resistance Mild Salt Resistance Good I Top-Coated with Suitable Enamel Water Resistance ‘Good against Rains and Pours. Not Recommended For Permanent Damp or Immersed Parts, Abrasion Resistance Mild Finish Egg Shell-Matt SURFACE PREPARATION + Surface must be free from dust, dirt, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. *+ For best performance on Non-Ferrous metals we recommend Degreasing with Berclean and Chromate Acid Pickling with Berchrome. ‘= Ferrous metals to be treated with Phosphate Conversion Coating for best performance.BERGER} Trusted Worldwide STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Keep away from heat and spark sources. Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight. Keep the containers closed in storage. Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. Use the paint in ventilation. Store below 35 °C for best performance, ‘As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommended storage conditions, this product can be used within 12 months of manufacturing date. oresBERGER} Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING RED LEAD PRIMER PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Red Lead Primer is a premium quality anti-corrosive primer which is designed for use as * surface preparation are limited and also adequate a normal primer on structural steel where standards time is available to allow thorough drying of the primer coat. This product contains 52 + 5% of Red Lead Pigment. It can be over-coated with single pack protective coatings e.g. Ferrolux, Metallic Aluminium Top Coats, Synthetic Undercoat, Matt Finishes, and Glossy Finishes. PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Red Lead Primer is a balanced blend of Alkyd Resins, Red Lead Anti-corrosive Pigment with selective additives that impart excellent adhesive, anti-corrosive, filling and metal protective properties, TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Drying Priming Coat iself Specific Gravity 1.76-1.80) Volume Solids 80-= 5% Grind 33-5 Pack Viscosity 105~115 Seconds @ Ford Cup #4 @ 30°C Color Orange: Flash Point 32-34 Salt Resistance ‘Good if Top-Coated with Suitable Enamel ‘Good against Rains and Pours. Not Recommended for Permanent Water Resistance Damp or Immersed Pars Abrasion Resistance Mild APPLICATION INFORMATION Conventional Spray, Airless Spray, Brush, Roller (Governed by ‘Application Method oo Lead Regulations) ‘Application Viscosity Depends on Method of Application Solvent / Cleaner Berger Thinner 1-66/Turpentine Oil 15 milLitre/Coat @ 50 um DFT (Theoretical) Covering Capacity {Assuming no loss Number of Coats 1-2 Diy Film Thickness 50 pim (Recommended) Touch Diy: 2=4 Hours @ 15°C Drying Time ‘Over-Coating Time: Up to 24 Hours (May be extended if Temperature Falls Below 15 °C) ish Egg Shell-Semi-MattBERGER} Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATION Surface must be free from dust, ditt, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. Non-Ferrous metals to be prior applied with Berger 2-Pack Wash Primer. STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Keep away from heat and spark sources. Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight Keep the containers closed in storage. Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. Use the paint in ventilation, Store below 35 °C for best performance. ‘As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommended storage conditions, product can be used within 12 months of manufacturing date, FIRST AID Case of Eye Splashes Wash with plenty of flowing cold water. Immediately consult the physician. Case of Inhalation {lf the person feels dizziness or unconsciousness) Remove the person to open fresh air area. Provide artificial breathing if needed. Consult a doctor. Case of Ingestion Drink plenty of water or milk. Do not induce vomiting Consult a doctor. Case of Skin Contact (If Irritation is felt) Wash with plenty of water and soap. Consult a doctor ifiritation continues. SPILLAGE HANDLING Do not wipe the place with solvent. Use wood sawdust and sand and thoroughly spread on the spilled paint. Gather the mixture, store in some waste drum and dispose off according to local environment regulations. Never throw out the paint in open garbage areas where fire is a norm SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with skin, Avoid prolonged inhalation. Never try to ingest the product. Always use safety items like goggles, mask, gloves, and apron for personal safety. Do not use the product in congested or poor ventilated areas. No panied wast ipl hws nce coef et FT yy he lo Tove ay bil opening pon a Gat0kBERGER: Trusted Worldwide BERGER AIR DRYING SYNTHETIC CAMOUFLAGE MATT ENAMELS PRODUCT SCOPE Berger Air Drying Synthetic Camouflage Matt Enamels are specially designed for exterior of storage tanks where corrosion protection coupled with low sheen is prerequisite. Berger Air Drying Synthetic Camouflage Enamels can be used on exterior of storage tanks, buildings, steel structures, etc. Prior application of suitable primer is strongly suggested before application of Camouflage Matt Enamels PRODUCT COMPOSITION Berger Air Drying Synthetic Camouflage Matt Enamels are composed of specially designed Alkyd Resin with suitable color fast pigments and inert extenders which impart them exclusive properties of corrosion resistance, adhesion, low sheen and colorfastness coupled with mild chemical and environment resistance, TECHNICAL INFORMATION Type of Product Single Pack-Air Drying ming Coat ‘According to Specifications: Specific Gravity 1.25-1.40) Grind 7 Pack Viscosity 55~65 Seconds @ F4 @ 30°C Gloss =10% @ 60°C SHEEN Head Color ‘Assorted Shades Available Flash Point 223°C APPLICATION INFORMATION “Application Method Conventional Spray, Airless Spray, Brush Application Viscosity 24-26 Seconds @ F-4 @ 25°C Solvent / Cleaner Berger Thinner 7-66 Covering Capacity 10-12 m# MLitra/Coat @ 425 m DFT (Assuming no loss) Number of Coats Two Coats Dry Film Thickness 5060 um (Attain in Two Coats) Surface Dry: 2~3 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Drying Time Recoating Time: 16 Hours Hard Dry: 20-24 Hours (Depends on Environment Temperature) Finish Matt-Low SheenBERGER} Trusted Worldwide SURFACE PREPARATION + Surface must be free from dust, dit, oil, grease, rust and any loose, flaking matter. * For best performance on Non-Ferrous metals we recommend to apply first coat of Etch Primer Yellow followed with Corrosion Resistant Primer before finishing with Camouflage Matt Enamels * Ferrous metals to be prior applied with anti-corrosive primer followed with 2 coats of A/D Synthetic ‘Camouflage Matt Enamel STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS * Keep away from heat and spark sources. * Keep under shed, away from direct sunlight. + Keep the containers closed in storage. * Never breath the dust, mist, gas, and vapors from the container. * Use the paint in ventilation, * Store below 35 °C for best performance. ‘+ As long as container is firmly sealed and stored under recommended storage conditions, product can be used within 12 months of manufacturing date. FIRST AID In Case of Eye Splashes ‘Wash with plenty of flowing cold water. + Immediately consult the physician, In Case of Inhalation (ifthe person feels dizziness or unconsciousness) Remove the person to open fresh air area * Provide antficial breathing if needed. + Consult a doctor. In Case of Ingestion * Drink plenty of water or milk * Do not induce vomiting, + Consult a doctor. In Case of Skin Contact (tf tritation is felt) * Wash with plenty of water and soap, + Consult a doctor if iritation continues. SPILLAGE HANDLING * Do not wipe the place with solvent. * Use wood sawdust and sand and thoroughly spread on the spilled paint. * Gather the mixture, store in some waste drum and dispose off according to local environment regulations. * Never throw out the paint in open garbage areas where fire is a norm. No panied wast ipl hws nce coef et FT yy he lo = Tove ay bil opening pon a a Pd aerLuenT