CHAPTER THREE

This chapter deals with the methodology adopted by the researcher in carrying out

the study. They include; the design of the study area of the study, population of the

study sample and sampling technique, instrument use for data collection, validity and

reliability instrument. It also include method of data collection and analysis.

Design of the Study

This research study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The essence of

adopting his research was to elicit data from target population through questionnaire

instruments. The data generated therefore were subjected to statistical analysis for the

purpose of drawing necessary conclusions.

Area of the Study

This research was carried out on 15 government owned secondary schools within 4

educational districts. The questionnaire was designed based on the main variables of

the research topic to get the required information for the study and for quick data

analysis. The items of the questionnaire were carefully structured to avoid

diversionary responses from the respondents.

Population of the Study

The population for the study was made up of 50 teachers and 200 students in the

government owned secondary schools situated within four educational district in

Lagos state.
Sample and Sampling Technique

The sample for the study was drawn from 50 teachers and 200 students from 15

government owned secondary schools in the study area. The proportional stratified

sampling technique was used to select a maximum of four and a minimum of three

government owned secondary schools in the four educational districts. The teachers

and students were selected randomly from four educational districts which are; 15

teachers and 50 students from District I, 13 teachers and 50 students from District II,

11 teachers and 50 students from District III, 11 teachers and 50 students from District

IV. The choice of this sampling technique was because the various secondary schools

from different communities have different characteristics and each of them needed to

be adequately represented to increase the generalizability of the findings of the study.

(Obasi, 2000).

Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument used for data collections in the study was validated by two experts

from the department of Educational foundations and one expert in measurement and

evaluation. The suggestions and corrections were properly utilized.

Reliability of the Instrument

To ascertain the reliability of the instrument, a test retest method was used. The

instrument was administered to 50 teachers and 200 students from government owned

secondary schools in Lagos state. After two weeks the same instrument was re-
administered to the same group of teachers. The results the two test given to teachers

were collected and compared.

Using pearson product moment correlations coefficient the scores yielded 0.70. This

was high enough of the instrument to be reliable.

Validity of the Instrument

The validity of the instrument refers to the ability of an instrument to prove that which

actually claims to measure. Efforts were made to draft the questions in simple and

unambiguous language.

Method of Data Collection

Data for the study were generated from both primary and secondary sources.

Primary Source of Data:

Data were obtained from direct responses from interviews with some of the

respondents in secondary schools understudy.

Structured and unstructured questionnaire item not only served as supplementary

sources data, but also as a means of validating the consistency of the results of the

interviews.

Secondary Source of Data

Secondary sources of data include textbooks, Journals, Articles, monograph

unpublished materials.

Method of Data Analysis

The data collected from the respondent with the use of questionnaire were rated using
the 5-points Likert Scale. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistical method was

employed using SPSS packages. The methods that were used include: percentage,

frequency counts and mean. In discussing the result the responses was merged in two

parts strongly agreed and agreed as (agreed response) while strongly disagreed and

disagreed was merged as disagreed response.Thus, the formula below was used.

Mean(x) = ∑x

N where X = Mean

x = score

∑ = summation

n = No of scores

However, a mean of 3.0 was adopted as decision rule for the analysis of the data

collected. An item with the mean of 3.0 and above will be accepted while items with

mean below 3.0 will be rejected.

Working: 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15

5 = 3.0