TRtsHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam.

, l{eeulnr
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEER.INO Level BE FUU Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCT PassDlarks 32
2078 Bhadra Year / Part ru/I Time 3 hrs.

.$ub-je_ct: ; $1i_{lware Engineering (CT 60t)

Candidates are required to give their auswers in their own words as far as practicable.
At t empt 4!! r7 ue s r i o ns.
Thefigures in the margin inriicale Fut! Marks_.
Assume suitable data if necess{$y.

l. Define software- List the typical softN,are ciraracteristics? Justifu this staternent ,.softrvare
doesn't wear out". t1+3+41
2. What do vou mean by software requirements document? Explain requirement
engineering
process in detail. LZ+6)
3" I)raw use case diagram for a syste*r illustrating the interactions between a doctor, who
sees patients and prescritreshim medicine and treatments" [,ist some functional and non-
functional requirements in this case.
[5+3]
4. what is software architecture? why architecture is important to drive sofcware
development? Explain multi-tier architecture with example.
l2+2+47
5. Distinguish between a real time and non-real time system. what is a data acquisition
system?
[2+21
6. I,ist the different levels in which software reuse may be possible. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of software reuse?
[3+4]
7. \['hat are the beneflts of CBSF]? What are software components? Explain with symbols
for components.
[2+3]
8' Differentiate betr.r'een verification ancl vaiiclation. Explain how anci why the V-model
emphasis softw'are V and V. Discuss various hierarchicil level of testing.
tZ+4+47
9. What is COCOMO? What are the clifi'erent types of COCOIvIO models proposed?
What
is the problem with using lines of code?
11+3+21
10. Explain fonnal technical review process, Explain how CMMI model is used to evaluate
the maturity of a soft*,are development.
[5+5J
11. \\trat is the differense between versiorr ancl variant of a system? Describe change
management process in softu'are engineering [2+4]
{:**
 I ;i] L]I Ii IVAN UNi\/EI{SiI'Y Exrru. :,:, '-",,,.;.,";,,:t;,. r,. , I iiilf:iq i "r i' '.'!i'ijfi1il'L ::i
iN STII'UI'E O1,' ENG INEL,RiNG Level 1)E
Dlt Full Marks i 80
Examinaticn Controtr Dir.ision i Pl'ogranrme r]r.-r
DLI Pass Marks )/.
2078 I(artiti Year / Part III i I Time 3 hrs.

Syb,ject;- Software Engineering (CT 601)

'/ candidates ale required to give their ansr,r.ers in their or,r,n rvords
/ Attentpt All cluestions.
./
{
The figures in the ntargin indicate Full Morks.
Assume suitoble data if necessary. Srucs
LIERARY
1. what is softu'are crisis? Briefly explain the qualities of a good software.
[3+1]
2. What is a software process model? Explain how both the u,aterfall
model and prototyping
model of software process can be a-ccommodated in spiral process
model? 12+61
3' A restaurant uses an information system that takes customer orders, sends
the order to the
kitchen, monitors the goods sold and inventoiy and gcnerates lepofts
for management.
a) List functional and non-fu,ctional requirements for this system.
b) Develop DFD level 0 and level 1 for ibove scenario. t5l
[3+s]
4' \\rhat do you understand by control styles in architectulal desigl?
Explain call reference
architecture rvith suitable example.
12+41
5' Differentiate real-time softn'are and other soflrrr'aie. Explain data acquisition slsiem.
12+31
6' What are the berlefits anci problems of softr,,'are reuse? \\rhat factors need to be taken care
for softrvare reuse planning?
[3+4]
7 ' Compare validation and verification. Explain softu,are inspection
process. Explain unit
test, integration test and system test.
14+4+31
8. Define regression testing. Explain cyclomatic complexity as
a software metdc.
l2+3)
9. What is softu,ar-e reliability ancl how can \ve rleasure
it? Briefly explain CI\4M and its
diflerent levels.
[4+5]
10. Write short notes on:
[3x3]
a) CBSE (Component Based softr,vare Engineeling)
b) Version and Release Management
c) COTS reuse
++4-
 TRIBHUVANUNIVEITSITY
rNsrrrurE oF ENGINEERING []s:,si::-.-:-i-H*"""- -- - l":*ll"Sl*
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iTime
2076 C.haitrx i.Yqs.l-l-st
l--I-91I-r-{-L:-:"----i--:-1-1--:---------------'--L::-:::-:'--------'*--L--..*-'

Elsi"Tg*rt\g ('r 0!r)

,-- - , - -"- --Sry-g;gf{.:9oftly$ip
,/Candiciatesarerequiredtogivetheiranslryersintheirownwordsas
./Candiciatesarerequiredtogivetheiranslryersintheirownwordsas ,,,,
./ Attempt All questiotts' Y]
'/ it is"r* it the margin indicate Fryll 'MarI;'
o

/ Assume suitable data if necessar)''

characteristics? [4+3]
1. What is software crisis? what are typical software
developrnent' what are its advantages and
2. Explain the Prototyping model of software [s+2]
disadvantages?
as
system and prepare arralysis and design modetrs
3. Study the narration for a ride sharing
specified below:
Reatr-tirne ridesharing is a service
that arranges one-tirne shared rides on very short notice'
, Provider and oustonrers register as
vehiele o*rrrrr'-r"gi*t to 1te system as*service
can be done for nrotorbike and car only' This
sen ice seeker. The vehicle tegistration
advances:
typ, ot**rrice r,Eakes use following technoXogical
-GPS navigation devices to deteEn-ine a clriver's
route and atrange the shared rid'e
happen to lle
.Sntartphones for a ttavetrer to request a ride from where-ver they
application, rruhich can itrstantaneously
These el.ernents ar coord.inated through a mobile
handle the drivei payments and matJh using
u* opti*i,ation algorithrn' When a seeker
autarnaticatiy tracks his/her Location and
needs ride, helshe opens the mobile app wfrll
point using map' Seeker can also search
marks as pick-up eol"t. Seeker sets the'dropoff
th.e location and set hi/her dro,p-off point.
The systern calculates the estirnated fare and
seeker needs to confirrn the iide. iynt"*
tu*.ht1 the near by service provides and
the vehicle nur,nber and nrobile
displays the iniormatior,l about tlae povitter including
seeker, sfstern tracks the route followed and
nuilrber,. Once the service provider picks the
calculates the fa:e onee tJrey reaoh io the drop-off
poini Seel<er may pay in cash or other
erectroaj,c pra,tfbr,m like e-slwa. seeker can irovid,e
the feed back abort lrislher ride and
can atso view the ride trristcrY'

a) List fimctional. and non-functior,ral requirernents for thtj system' r:1

Irl
b) Drarv Level 0 DFD. r{t
L"J
c) Draw Level i DFD.
architecture and its irnporlance' [3+4]
A. Descri6e software ar.chitecture. Explain cliont-seruer
clifference between hard and soft
s. What is the role of data acquisition system? Exptrain the
12+31
real time sYstem.
What are the main problems with software reuse? List key factors
that should be
6.
considered for reusing software cornponents' [3+3]
are the types of the faults that can
7. Differentiate between verification and vaiidation. what
between black-box testing and white-
be uncovered by software inspection? Differentiate
[3+2+5]
box testing.
8. What is component cornposition? Briefl5' explain the use
of COCOMO model' [2+31

Explain different levels of CMMI'

tsl
9.
10. What is FTR? How is Formal Technical Review (FTR) performed? 12+s}

11. Write short notes on:

$x2l
a) Modular decomPosition stYles
l.\ \Ipr.d nf qnftware i:orrfiqutation management
 TRIBI{UVAN I'INIVERSITY Exam. ffi
Level BE Full Vtrarks 80
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERTNG
Programme BCT Pass Marks 32
Exaurination Control Division m/I Time 3 hrs.
2076 Ashwin Year / Part

,-;_.*r;;;;"r.ouired to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

,/ Attempt Allquestions'
./ rhe isu;; in the margin indicate Fwll Marks'
./ Assume suitable data if netessary)'

1'Whatdoyoumeanbyreqtrirementelicitationandanalysis?Listthecharacteristics,
Development Model'
*d;i;"rlrtrgJ;"1i"*emental [4+6]
adva*tages
you have been assigned a role
2. In a particular college, a sports week needs to be organized system. Assuming the
.f busines, unutyrr" io dfsign - D$ diagram for ihe wrrolefbrm fiil up' sport event venue and
activities such as online registration, *a*i*uncil,
tirne, score card, rules and regulati";t;;";t;ystem
and prize distiibution' t3+5+27

a) Prepare the list ofprocess and agents'

b) Draw the DFD uP to level 1'
, , ti niui"g;tfr between functional and non-functional requirements'
nnnrrnt
^oo ^r
Explain in detail'
3,WhyisarchitecfuralrJesignreallyimporlant?-What.aretlredifferenttypesofcontrol
styles used by ,ofr**r" .nfin..r, i* J.ig"irg the architectures? 12+61

and soft real time system, outline real time

4. Differentiate between hard real time system 12+31
', systeln design Process'
ale lower costs' faster software development
5. Justiff the statement "Advantages of reuse [3+2]
*A to*.. risks." What is a design pattern?
6'Whatisaconponent?Explainthecomponentbasedsoftwareengineering(CBSE) L2+41
process in brief' ^ that
Write different types of fault can be
7. Differentiate verification and rralidation' t5]
inspection'
1

detennined from
g. for rvrL
-I,uuer rur Yr ea cieveiopment
software process' Distinguish between alpha and
Explain the v-model [5+2]
beta testing.
g. cost estimation' t"
Explain the cocomo model for softlvare ^ .^
10.a)DefinesQA.WhatarethemainobjectivesofFormalTechnicalReviews?12+31
how cMM encourages continuous
b) Dehne term software reliability. Explain
improvement of softwars process' [2+4]
l4x2l
11. Write short notes on:
a) SEI CaPabilitY MaturitY Model
Ul Software version, variaut and release
**+
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTTTUTE OF ENGINEERING Full Marks
Examination Control Division
2075 Chaitra

- loftrn3re Engineering (CT 60t)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own
/ Auempt 4llquestions. .
t fhe figurei in the margin indicare Full Marks.
{ Assume suitable data if necessotjy.
1. a) Define software crisis. How can you say that there was software
lware crisis in late 60s? ist
b) Explain incremental model. Writes its advantages and disadvantages. [4+3]
Z.-bfp level-0 ancl DFD level-l for the case study given below. [3+s]
A travel agency wants an Airline Ticketing System to be developed for the office so that
user can easily book flight tickets from anywhere. First of all, the customer enters the
destination and data for the flight. After that, the system displays the available airlines for
the same along with route or available time which is provided by the airlines company.
Now the customer selects the airline which he/she finds appropriate where helshe can either
book the ticket or confirm the ticket. The customer pays the ticket charge either via e-sewa
or transferring the amount to the agency's bank account directly. The customer has to
provide the valid email address to get the notification of booking or ticket confirmation.
3. a) What is software design architecrure and what is its significance in software
engineering? [2+31
&) What are the common modular decomposition styles used in architectural design?
Explain. ; :' t5I
4- How is a real-time software different frorn other softrvare? what is a data acquisition
rystem? [2+31
5. Briefly describe advantages and disadvantages of software reuse. What is COTS reuse? [4+21
6. What are the different factors to be considered before reusing software components.
tsxpliln. tsl
7. What is verification and validation? Explain their difference. Why is verification and
validation planning necessary in software engineering? p+Z)
8. Write about stub and driver testing. Differentiate between white box and black box
testing. [3+3.]
9. Describe Cyclomatic Complexity as a software testing metrics. Use the concept of
Llalstead's metrics to compute the program length, program vocabulary, program volume,
potential volume, program level, programming effort and time for the following code.
12+41
lnl x, y, z;
z= 0;
while(x>0)
ft
z=z* y)
x=x- 1;
I
T
printf("olod" ,z);

l0-a) What do you mean by Formal Technicai Review (FTRX l{ow is a forraal technical
review conducted? [7++7
b), Describe software reliability an SQA. i3+ll
I l. Describe configuration management planninu.
t.5l
{r**
 I
i
3I TRIBHUVAN LNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE 'itr'uttl'Iarks
Examingtion Control Division
2075 Ashrvin 3 hrs. i

Subject: - Soltware Engineering (CT60l)

1.
possible soirvtions to the present software crisis? [3+3J
) Why it is so diffieuit to gain a clear understanding of what the customer wants? Describe
)
the guidelines f,or the requirement elicitation process with suitableexarnples. [3+4]
Suppose a travel ar,rd tour agency needs a software for automating its book keeping
activities. The set of activities to be automated are rather simple and are at present being
carried out rna*ually. the travel agency had indicated that it is unsrrre about the type of
user interface which rvould be suitable for its empioyeos and its customers. Would it be
proper for a development team to use the spiral model for developing this software?
Justifu. t6l
4. A company needs to deveiop a time Management system (TMS) for its executives. The
software strioutrd let the executives register their daily appointrnent schedules. The
information to be stored includes person (s) with vrhom meeting is arranged, venue, the
time and duration of the meeting, and the purpose. When a meeting involving many
executives needs to be organised, the system should automatically find a common slot in
the diaries of the ccncerned executives, and arrange a rneeting at that time. It should also
inform the coneerned executives about the scheduled meeting through e-rnail. If no
common slet is available, TMS should help the secretary to rearrange the appointments of
the executives in consultation with the concemed executives for making room for a
common slot. To help the executives check their schedules for a particulai day the system
should have a very easy-to-use graphical interface. Since the executives and the
secretaries have their own desktop computers, the time management software should be
able to serye several remote requests simultaneously. Many of the executives are relative
novices in computer usage. Everyday morning the time management software should
e-mail el/ery executive his appointments for the day. Besides registering their
appointments and meetings, the executives might rnark periods for which they plan to be
on leave. Also, executives might plan out the important jobs they need to do on any day at
different hours and post it in their daily list of engagements. Other features to be
supported by the TMS are the following-TMS should be able to provide several types of
statistics such as which executive spent how much time on meetings. For which project
how many meetings \4rere organised for what duration and how many man-hours were
devoted to it. AIso, it should be able to display for any given period of time the fraction of
tirne that on the average each executive spent on meetings.
a) List out all functional and non-functional requirements of the Time Management
System.
t6l
b) Dlaw a labelled DFD for the foilowing Time Management Software (TMS). Clearly
show the context diagram and its hierarchical decompositions up to level 2. t6l
 5.
Yh{ it it necessary to design the system architecture
Explain the different
before specifications are written?
methods of modular decompositi.* suitable examples.
",iii, [3+4]
6. what are the rnajor technical and non-technical factors that
hinder software reuse? Do
you suggest to reuse much software and, if not,
why not?
[4+3]
7. a complete test strategy for the Time Management system (e.N.4). Document
P""1lop it
in a Test Specification.
[4+41
8. what are the importance of quality management in Software Developmelt? Explain
about staged CMMI Model.
[3+4]
9. What is COCOMO? Calculate COCOMO effort, development
time in calendar month,
average staffing and productivity for the software
construction process of
your assumptions if necessary, Q.N.4. State
12+61
10. Write short notes on:
[4x3]
3) Lea]]iry operating system vs. Non-rear rime operating
system
b) Verification Vs. Validation
c) CBSE Process
d) Forrnal Technical Review
{<* *

I
I

I
L

I
f
 rt
lr
ll

41 TRIBHUVAN LINIVERSITY iit;;*i" ----

1......-...,,,,,..,..,,,............,,-..,..,......................

I}ISTITUTE OF ENGINEERII{ G i Fultr Marks : AO

Exanuimatl*n C*netrul Divisi*lm Programrne
P*ogoum'rme
it.......... Y-. .... ...
i BCT
:... --.-. i
ncr ;i Pass Marks :i 32
P*r* naarm :e
- -".-
I ii
i

?0?4 Ashwim I Year lPart i III /I.-.------..-.--""--i-Iryg -

" " "il-!g:-, _""-i

Subject: - S*ftware Engineering (CT60l)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
d Atternpt All questions.
/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks,
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Mahanpur Nagarpalika is pianning to develop new system for Tourists with all the details
of their morumental structures, tourist attraction places and also cultural progrcms
offering restaurants within the municipality. They have also plan to integrate entry tickets
booking and purchasing through web as well as through app similar as the online movie
ticket purchasing. Imagine you are one of the software engineer working on the project.
With clear statement of your assumptions on the system environment and specifications
about the system, prepare the followings:

D lhe list of system quality attributes including both functional and non-functional
requirement of the systems. [6]
ii) Complete data models with illustrative model diagram. t6l
n a) Explain how software cost estimation is done usi.ng lhnetion point oriented and object
point oriented methods. tsl
b) What is software crisis? Explain with the help of example? tsj
J. Why architecture is important to drive software ctevelopment? Explain 2 tier and 3 tier
architecture with example. [3+3]
4. Expiain CMMI model to evaluate the maturity of a software development. t8l
5. a) What are the benefits and problem of software reuse? What factors need to be taken
l'q I
care of while saftware reuse planning? l- I

b) What are softrvare quality measures? Why SQA is important? Explain. l5l
6. a) What is software verification? Clarify its role in ensuring the correctness of software
implementation. tsl
b) Compare and contrast the Black Box and White box testing in V and V process. t5l
"7
Write short notes on: [3x4]
i) Requirement elicitation and anaiysis
ii) COCOIvfO and the variants
iii) Modular decomposition styles
iv) Pattern generator
R Compare the foiiowing: [4x3]
i) Client-server versus distributed object architecture
ii) User requirements versus system requirements
iii) Change management versus version management
iv) Process model versus data model
***
 31 TRIBHUVANUNIVERSITY Exam. Resular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT Pass Marks 32

2074 Chaitra Year / Part III/I Time 3 hrs.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable'
Aaempt All questions.
The figures in the m*gin indicate F utl Morks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. a) "Walking on water and developing solhvare from specification arc easy if both are
frozen". Justifo this statement. t51

b) Assume that you are the technical manager of software development organization. A
client approached for a software solution. The problem stated by client have
uncertainties which lead to loss if not plarured and solve,f Which model do you
suggest for his project? Justify. Explain that model *'ith its pros and cons. lsl
2. a) What is requirernent engineering? Explain its steps. t4l
b) For better hsalthcare facilities in remote areas, Milistry of Health (MOH) launches
Teiemedicine project. Through this project expert doctor from central hospital can
examine patient in remote places through video conferencing. MOH propose to
maintain central server to hold all patient records and medical history. Also system
should able to manage routine of doctors, appointments and follow ups. Assume that
you are technical lead of this project, answer the following questions'
(i) list out all functional and non-functional requirement of the systems t6I
(ii) Make project Feasibility Report t6l
A customer presents a cheque to a clerk. The clerk checks a database conlairurg all
account nurnbers and make sure whether the account number in the cheque is valid.
whether adequate balance is there in thc account to pay the cheque and ivhether ihe
signature is authentic. Having done these the clerk gives the customer a token. The clerk
also debits the eustomer account by an amount specified on the cheque. If the cash cannot
be paid due to an error on the cheque, the cheque is retumed. The token number is
returned on the top of the cheque and it is passed on to the cashier. The cashier cal1s out
the token number and the customer go to cash counter with the token. The cashier checks
the token number, takes customer signature, pays cash, enter cash paid in a ciatabase
called daybook and files the cheque.
Prepare physical and logical DFD. I8l
4. What are software quality measures? Explain in details about staged CMMI model. 12+6)
5. a) Discuss the differences between verification and validation. 14l
b) Compare and Contrast 14l
(i) Unit testing a.nd Integration testing
(ii) Alpha testing and beta testing
6. a) An application has following: 10 low extemal inputs, S high external outputs, 13
logical files, 17 interface files, I I average extemal inquires and complexity
adjustment factor of 1.10. Whal are the unadjusted and adjusted function point
counts?
tsI
b) Explain component-based software engineering (CBSE) process.
Isl
7. What is COCOIV{O? Using standard method, estimate cost of software construction
prcc€ss of Q.N,3. State your assumption clearly before calculating the cost estimate.
t81
V/rite short notes on followings: [3x4]
a) Distributed Object architecture
b) Modulardecomposition
c) Hard and soft real time system
d) Formai Techaical Review and Inspection for QC
 I'RIBHT]VAN UNIVERSIT Y Exam. New Back.Q066 & Later Batch)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCT Pass Marks 32
2073 Shrawan Year /Ptrt ilI/I Time 3 hrs.

S ub_j ect,'
; So,Itw_are Enginee ring (CT60 t )
'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt AII questions.
,/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. What is software crisis and what is its reason? Describe evolutionary model, in brief
explaining how it reduces crisis problem.
t8l
2. In a particular school, there are various departments. There are various instructors and are
having direct employment from corresponding departments. Students are admitted to
school and later they choose their subject study program offered through various
departments. The instruetors are assigned for partiiular subject teaching task. Each
departrnent has a HOD to coordinate to overall activities, including Jass and lab
scheduling processes. Students have to seat in for semester end exams as a final
evaluation process. Assessment with 'NQ' status students are NOT allowed for final
exam. At least after 8 semesters of such final evaluations, sfudents with clearance
form
department, including HoD approval, students become ready for graduation".
Now, answer the followings.
[5+5+5]
i) Prepare the list of processes and agents
ii) Draw the DFD for graduation and associated processes
iii) Depict the relationship between instructor, HoD and Department
J. Differentiate between thin client model and thick client model. Describe multiprocessor
architecture for software.
[3+5]
4. a) Explain the role of real-time operating system.
t6l
b) Justifu the statement "Advantages of reuse are lower costs, faster software
development and lower risks.',
t4l
5. Compare and contrast: (a) alpha and beta testing (b) black box and white
box testing (c)
unit and integration testing.
t8l
6. Give a suitable definition of software quality and briefly describe the rationale
for your
definition. Explain with quality attributes for software.
l2+3+31
7 ' What is the difference between version and release? Explain why we need
Software
Configuration Management (SCM).
12+41
8. "Validation examines the dynamic behavior of software system". Explain this with an
example.
tsl
9. Write short notes on:
[4x3]
i) cocoMo
ii) Component based software engineering
iii) Non-functional requirements
*{<rk
 TRIBHUVAN TINIVERSITY iE**:'---- sular ":,1 . , 1'1:',i ,

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level FJE Irull Marks BO

Examination Control Division Programme BC'f PassMarks 32

2073 Chaitra Year / Part III/I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Software Engineenng (CT60t)

Candidates are req,;ired to give their answers in their own worrls as ial as practicable.
Attempt AUquestions.
T'|rc,figures in the murgin indicate Full Mar&;_
Assurne .cuitoble data if necess{iry).

1. Supermandu Maha Nagarpalika is planning to introduce public transportation sysiem witir

GPS based oniine veiricle tracking and smart card based payilsnt system. hrragine, y611
are one of the softu,are engineer rvorking on that prtfiect. With clear stalrment r:i y-our
assumptions on the S),-qtem environment and specifications aboirt the s;;stem, prepare the
foliowings:
i) The project FeasibilitS'reporl itil
ii) Compiete process models including context and tr,vo DTrDs of levei 2. [2-i 2-r-2_l

2. What are the charactelistics of good sr:flware? Explain waterfall model tirr soltra ar*
developrnent. Also justily rviry this model is not suitahle u&en we ni:ed to cleliver
important funcfionalities of software in shorl tirne period. 12+2+2)
3. a) "Cornponent based softw'are engineering is a reuse-Lrased approach to del-iring and
impiementing loose11,'coripled cornponents intc system." Justify the statement. l4l
h) Explain wh-v.- it may be neocssaiy to design the system architecture trei*re
specification are ra.ritten? Explain in detail about distributed obii:ct a-rchitecture with
suitable example? [3+3]
4. I-1olv do CMN4 standard differ lrom that of ISO standards? Explain detail about all the
ievcls in CMM? 14+41

5. a) What are the good and bad aspects of LOC and FP based estimation models? lsl
b) What rnakes the client fbt or thin'? Explain fiom model perspcctir,e. [s]
6. Explain alpha testing and beta testing of yorrr sof1.*are prcduct? Frepare a ciresklist fo;'
sollw'are code inspection. [6+4]
7" 14/r:ite silort notes: [3
x4]
i) Adaptor components lor components integration
ii) Software version, variant i.lncl release
iii) Requirements discovery through prototyping
ir,) SQA plan
6. Compare the follorving: [3 x4]
i) Baselines versus Codeline in confrguration rnanagenrent
ii) Unit testing versus integration testing
iii) inspection ver.sus review in software quality management
iv) Real-tinle verslls batch operating system
*{<*
 4t TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. New Back (2066 & Later Batch)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCT Marks
Pass ! 32
2072Kartik Year lPart III/I Time' 3 hrs.

Sabject: - Software Engineering (CT6At)

'/,/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
,/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
y' Assume suitable data if necessory.

1. What are typical software characteristics? What do you mean by software crisis?
Elaborate. L4+41
2. What are the reasons for software runways? Explain how both the waterfall model of the
software process and prototyping model can be accommodated in the spiral process
model. [2+6]
3. What is a behavior model? How does it differentiate from data model of the same
system? Explain with examples and model.
13+3+21
4. How many levels are there in CMM? Explain in detail about all the levels.
12+sl
5. Why software quality standards are needed? What are the metrics for software project
size estimation? Discuss cyclomatic complexity with suitable example.
[2+3+3]
6. Compare and contrast Verification with Validation. What do you mean by critical
systems? How does partitioning augments in and V V
process? Explain with
example.
14+2+2+27
7. "Survival of the fittest" is valid to software industry in today's competitive market.
Explain the statement in the context of issues modern software configuration management
must address nowadays. tg]
8. Differentiate between functional testing and structural testing. A web enabled system with
a robust back-end database estimated to be of about 200 KLOC when complete.
Assuming the system will work in semidetached mode; calculate the effort required per
' month, the development time, average number of staff required and he productivity rite.
Consider COCOMO-2for reference. [5+3]
9. Compare the following: [3x5]
i) Client seryer vs Distributed object architecture
ii) Real time vs Non-real time operating system
iii) Walk through vs Inspection in testing process
***
 41 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Regular I l

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT PassMarks 32
2072 Chaitra Year /Part II II Time 3 hrs.

S- ub_j e c! ; p o_-ftware- Enginee ring (C T 6 0 r )

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicote Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. What do you mean by prototype? What are the risks if the prototyping becomes
uncontrolled? Explain RAD in brief. tl+3+31
2. Briefly discuss all the activities to be carried out in problem definition and feasibility
analysis.
t6l
3' Draw Two DFD diagrams for simple e-commerce site based order processing system.
Assume all necessary and required specifications on your own and state them
clelarl y first.[2++++1
4' Explain how is real time OS and software different from non-real time OS and software?
16l
5' In theory, formal verification could be automated if the original specification is stated
completely and precisely. Why is this hard to achieve in practice? nxptain. tSl
6' The CMM rates software companies according to how well they identify
and manage
their software processes onto the 5 different l&els. Explain uny thr". out
of these five
levels. What advantages are there for a company to move up to the top
level? tgl
7 ' Lines of code (LoC) and function point counts (FPC) are two measures
of the size of a
system. Explain advantages and disadvantages of using these two metrics
for measuring
systems.
[3+3]
8' Mention the situations in which the software reuse is recommended. What
do you mean
by design pattern?
V+21
9. what are the reasons behind the modern tendency toward the use of Component based
Software Engineering?
tsl
10. what are the main objectives of configuration management and version
control? What is
code line and baseline inversion management?
[3+3]
11. Compare the followings:
[3x4]
i) Black-hole vs. miracle in DFD
ii) consistency vs. completeness in requirements engineering
iii) Traceability vs. Adaptability in reviewing steps
iv) Alpha vs. Beta testing

*r,<*
 42. -. :.--.-. ;tR I Ty_ -,. ..
--::. :' :. ; + ..-.: : (B H.ttf /-t N, LIN I V E RS .

INSTITUTE OII ENGINEERINC

Frrll Marks
E,xamination Control Division Programme BCT
2071 Shawan Year / Part rri/ I

S ubj991, , Sollware Eng]1eeri ng (CT601)

,/ Candidate.s are required to givetheir answers in their own words as far as practicable.
7 AttemptAII questions.
TheJigures in the margin indicate Fult Marks.
Assume suitable dafa if necessary.

1. i];lplain why the waterfall model of software development is not an accurate

reflection of
softwa,"e development activities. Explain better alternative
model.
[10]
2. Give your view on requirement engineering and requirement specification.
[10]
3. what is behavior modeling in systems analysis process? iliustrate with
a sample model
diagram of any web-based transaction portal system.
t5l
4. Explain the versioning process in the context of configuration management
with all the
associated components.
i5I
5. How the moduiar decomposition concept is practiced in system design processes?
Illustrate with your own exarnple of a second levei DFD.
[4+6]
6' what ,specific considerations are to be made wlrile designing typical software to
be
operated in real-time environment? Explain.
t5l
7. Prepare a brief notes on design pattern with statement of their
benefits.
l5l
8. what is verification planning? why such planning
is requircd? \Vhat are the diflerent
steps invoived in it? Explain. ' i8l
9' What is exception and error testing in the context of system implementation?
tsl
l0' What is COCOMO? Illustrate the calculation with an appropriate
example.
t5l
I l. Write Short notes on: (any tfuee)
[ax3]
a) Software testing metrics
b) CMM level
c) Statistical quality assurance
d) CBSE
,(**
 41 lRtBi{r-Iv At r L1,\n',ERSi'i'Y Effiil.-__
INS'I'ITU-|E OF E,NGINEERTNG t s"ygl" " "
80i
'-.."..'-"'-..'.'...,.'l
Exameination Control Ilivision Prograrnme BCT r Pass Marks 32i
)Lt
2071 Chaitra iiiTi* 3 hrs. l

Sa_bieef: _ Softwale Engin*e;r;lng {_CT60t)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
,/ Attempt AAquestions.
,/ thefigures in the margin indicste Full Wks.
{ A.rsume suitab{e data if necess{ury.

1. Why it is so difficult to gain a clear understanding of what the customer rvants? What are the
guidelines for the requirenaent elicitation prccess? [4+4]
2. Expiain details atrout current modei of software process. Explain why the waterfall model of-
the software process is not an accurate reflection of software development activities. [4+4]
Read the case mentioned hererinder carefully and: [5+3]
a) L{ake DFD level 1 for the system
b) \Yhat do you mean by DFD balancing in the given case?

A customer visits an online movie portal. He chooses DVD movies from three different
categories: Sci-Fi, Classical and Romantic and places the order for the same. He is
supposed to be able to make online payment using his bank details. Upon sueeossful
transaction he is expecterJ to receive conf"rrmation thrcugh his e-rirail"
4. Explain why it may be nccessary to design the system architecture bef*re specifications are
written" Explain client-server architecture with appropriate example. [4+i]
5. How do real-time software and operating system difler flrorn non-real tirne software and
operating system? Desuibe Sata Acquisition System, [4+4]
6. What are the benefits of CBSE? Haw closely code generation featurs of case tools are
associated with CBSE? Explain" [3+s]
7. How does the SEI CMM ensure quaiity aspects of any complex software under
development? What are the differences between ISC and CMM? [4+3]
8. What is COCOMO? Calculate COCOMO effort, development time in calendar monrh,
aYerage statfing and productivity for projeet of application program that is estimated to be
49,200lines of code. [3+5]
9" Establish the chronology an'Iong component, release unit and integratiori testing. Also write
distinctive notes on their testing. [3+4]
10. Write shofi notes on: [3x3]
a) Software R.equirement Specifications (SRS)
b) Generator based reuse
c) Change management
+a{.
/-
42 TRIBI{UVAN L'N]IVERSJTY i
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERINC
trxamihition Con trol Division
: tj6*{-+ trEiF;+!+i*]."2[70-.Asbdr,. _-. .. _-

_{y_UnSt - S_o_ftware Englggn ng_Crlo!)

caldidates are required to give their answers
in their orri *o.d, u, far as practicable.
Al I q ue s t i o ns.
Atte.mp I
The/igures in the margin indicate Fult
Marks.
Asnrme suitable data if necessary.

1. what makes the so-ffware development process

a comprex? The simple man-month
measurement and additional workers
assignrnent for delayed project does not work in
software project, why? Explain in detail.
2. what are the different techniques used t7l
lor requirements gathering and analysis? Explain
anythree methods in detail.
3' If theprinciple jobs of software Engineering t7)
are to write codes and programs then why
do such engineering need
CASE tools? What are the benefits of using CASE tools?
4' ln order to schedule the classes, a lamous engineering t71
Engmeering (McE) in Dauramandu,
school, Mero college of
needs to k'oir about courses ihut be offered,
instructors and their availabiiity, audio/visuai
equipment requirements"u, for paflicular
courses' and class rooms- Frorn
the list of courses, the courses that can be scheduled
selected in the scheduling process. are
For each of these courses, one or more classes
scheduled' which ate are
sections of the same class. The problem of schedulers
"alled
ffiligr classes to instructors, is to
rooms and time slots. The schedulers are conslrained
reality that (a) some courses cannot by the
conflict because many students take them during
same semester, (b) instmctors the
cannot be in rwo places at the same time. (c)
be double-booked' construct rooms cannot
a system levei data model foirowing Lhe above
class scheduling process with details of
clear statement reasonable assumptions that you
have made.
5' The capability Maturity Model (cMM) rates software t7I
companies according ro how well
they identity and ,r*ug. their
softrv-. pro*r*r- p."r"., the list of five different levels
. o{the model aad explain any two in detail. What advaqtages are there
move up to the top level? for a companyto
6' why software verification is essential
launching any system? write a brief note
t7l
verifi cation- D i fferentiate between .before on
veri fi cation and vaiidati on.
7' what is Equivalence partitigning?_Explain with an t5l
example^of checking for a campus
student roll number intry ttxe"fiqzil,
where 67 is year 2067, 4 is for Electronics
englneering (there are l-to-7 different
engineering prograrnp) and next 2 is the section
'tuhicr can ranse from I -to-9 and last twoldigits id,
ar?;;irHiliil;;; frqm r-to48.
8' v/hy *tit test is^not enough in the system verification t5l
process for a complex system,
which consists of rnultiplei"a
ini.ructing units. write in brief, what other types
are required? of tests
t8l

10. Provided a brief comparison 16l

of the following:
[3xa]
Multiprocessor architecture versus client-server
:l Reuse
b) architecture
Framework versus pattern Generator
c) DBMS v€rsus data acquisition ,yrt.rn
I l- Write short notes
on:
[3x3]
_P Cornpdnent Based Design
b) So*r"rr-o f't,,-li+-, A
 ENGINEERING i
INST}TUTE OF
Erarninatioer Confrol Division ';;-i
2070 Ciraitra

Subject: - Software Engineering (CT'601)

Czfrdidates are required to give tl'reir ansrvers in their own words as far as practicable
y'^ttemp
t Al I questions.
The figures in the margin indir:ate Iruil Marks
Assurne .;uitable dota iJ-ne cessary.

1. What are the different processes lor requirement-s gathering? Explain ar least
tl-rce
diflerenl methods zu-rd also prepa_re a comparative chart of rvith their pros arid
cons of
each.

o 2. What are the major cornponelttsof any feasibility study report'/ Explain with cxamples.
The carrdidate matrix with recommendation in a feasibility report is consiciered
[314._s+2.5]

as a
standard, justify with reason.
u+3)
3. Explain in detail on CMMI levels. 0]
[1
4. Ilxplain rvhy soffware reliabiliry is imporrant. Give, two examples of worst case disaster
due to soflware failure.
Ii 0l
5. Discuss the difference between verification and validation. What
is the difference
between alphas of beta testing?
I l0]
5. Write sho( notes on: (any four)
[sxa]
a) Clean room engineering
b) Risk Aralysis
c) Black box tcsting
d) Object oriented analysis
e) Softrvare qualitl. assurance
7. Describe different types of software maintenance.
[10]
*+t
 ;', " i :42, i iri,::: rT.R.lB
f y " _i
': :

IIUV i(l!.Ot t-fVf _

"-
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
XS ExCin.
Level
NewEack (2066 & L;ffi Rar^Li
BE, Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division. j Plgq':l.le --i
2069 Ashad , lcr i Prr. rtrr.u'l ,,
i-Y-qs! &* h..i -- I
___if.'gl_-__--- i-j----.-----__i
-,_Ltii-i._ -_.
-
_ s"liSgL - Soft*ui.tng,nggi1n*_ ioill fcr
"'
,/
Candidates are required to give their answers
in their own'wohds as,far'as praitiaabl.e.
Auempt AlI questions.

1' what is a software process rnodel? Describe

the main activities in the software design
process and the output of these
activities.
[3+-s1
2. what do you mean by requirement elicitation
and analysis in software engineering?
Explain functional and non-functionar requirernents
with exampres.
1 [6+6]
J. Explain object aggregation model with suitable
example.
4. what do you mean by software architecture? tsl
what are thp advantages of having explicit
architecture for software?
5. Explain different control styles in context t5l
of software architecrure with relevant example.
6. Explain real-time t5l
software design process with exampie.
7. "software Engineering t5l
has been more focused on original de,elopment
recognized that to achieve better so{tware, but it is now
more quickly ana at iower cost, we need to
p^rocess that is based on systemaric software
il:lt statement?
grven id."tign
Explain why?
reuse,', Do you agree with the

8. compare validation and t5l

verification? what are the goals of validation and
process? verification

9:' Expiain software inspection. what t5l

do you mean by formal methods of verification?
10. Software t5l
Quality, Reliability and Safety seem to be simiiar concepts but
frrndamentally different. Di scuss. are

ll. Explain capability maturity model and compare it with ISo standards.
t5l

12. what is a component composition? t5I

How the configuration managernent planning is
done? [3+4]
13, what are the different
fypes of system testing? Explain merits for object-oriented
testing. [4+4J
*{,*
 i'rr.r.r; ;;;i;^ nn*, *u 1 :'":"
I-evel
t-__
i

I ':
Ilxr: nrination Cr;n t ro! Bir,ision i Pl-ogr anrr,re BCT Pa;s Marks 1)
:-.-1..
2069 Chaitra Year I Part :-llt I t Time
1

l3hrs

c*a,a o,-. ;.,.;.,:;:u';

lttempt All q ucs t ion.r. " ;, ;i;i ;,;":i:,:. ; :: :.:'::'i f,,, u, n, u.,,.
"u
r.
[hc /igures in /he n,targin indicate Full Morks.
lssume srtitable dara i.f necessctr),,
l. w}at is the purpos.e oi going througir leasibility stud,v? Lisr oLri rhe v;rriorls rypes ot
leasibilit.v ro be srudied ancj riy,*" types rn Cerail
why the Softu'are Requirenrent
"rplu,n ttl
Specification (SRS) docun-ient is required duri,g the
syslem devclopment plrases? Hor.v
corrld you justify .rir" efforts u.,d ,-.ro,-,.ces being
used in this specification detailing
at the "rt.u outrveigh
stage, which
"arly rhe resource and
e fforh requi-rcd to
meet the obscurls specification later?
J. Differentiate function atrd nonfunctional requirement
ttl
used during requiremert
engineering process.
17)
4. Birrantipur Book Store rs popuiar among engineering
students within the city of
Bandhapur, as thel'harre
9666 reputation of making availJble of the referelce books very
et'hcientli' through their books inventory system.
Their reptrtation is maiply because of
tlteir close coordination rvith engi'eering schools.
The various departrnents submit initial
data about courses, instructors, textbooks
and projected enrollments to the book stcre
reference-book master list- T'he book store on a
then generates a purchase order, which is sent
to publishing companies that supplies the
books. Book orders arrive at rhe bookstore
accornpanied by a packing slip, which is
checkeci and verified by the receiving
engineering schools. when they pa1. for the books, the studenrs
i:l*l:l':s_of
r 5dlcs fecernl are given
Foilowing tiie details of the book order, inventory and
sales processes prepare a system
level process (behavior) nrodel diagram lor above
scenario with clear statement of any
assumptions that you have made.
t7)
5.
-\\trat are the difl'erent characteristics of the sl,stems at the different levels of Capability
Ivlaruriry Moclel lntegrarion (CMMI)? Explain the two
rop levels of integrarion models
and'relate how u,ell rhese mociels are elfeciiue in .nurrrging'tr-i.i,
.onr"u;;;1;;rr.r- t7l
6. what is the {lmdamentai difference between a black-box test
and white-box test? Explain
with appropriate examples of software test.
l5l
7. what is Equivalence Part,itioning? Explain with an exampie
of checking {br a teiepho'e
number (of a Countr;- called Punpkii Republic, vrhich
rras3l ai.t.ilir-urilgJther; entry
like 442256126i. where first t*o digits signify the number
of district, rrri.a Ji'git fbr either
P'STN (l.ror Cellurar (2) and."mui,ing
digits are jusr numbers.
8' \\ihat is the funciamentar dirfersnce t5l
bslwsen an arpha verslrs beta test? Expiain abotrt
i ir rpr_trtance ri :;o ftrvare their
i d rrvc I o p!-nent process.
t9l
''i . \L irai is the role o I r.e le rerrce ar.chitectures in the plocess
t -r
of system ciesigrr? Justity rvith
e;< anr pie.
i(i. p11-,vi6e
a hrie f Conrpr2ri5iylr ot'rhe lollo.a,ings_ I
r.,l

ij) Dislributed rJl.riccr versu.s rvruiLiprocessor architecture irx4l

t,; Application Frarrrerrir-,rk ve rsus Cornponcnt Reuse
c) General OS ..,er-.sus Rtal-tiine OS
I I \,\/riIe
-shor. notcs on 11..
ai Sotiware Quaiity ,AssLrrance i-'(Ji
_. I

b) Version conrrol
r' Version and Relea,;e nl: ag.menr.
 .,.- 41, , ": ..lRIB-rlJVAr! U)IJVER;rry , E-*-'-'..-... , .
INSTITUTE OF ENGTNEERINC , Levc] BE Full Marks
-
I 80
: t -__'

Ijxamination Cor: troi L\:visior: ,Progra;r:r-lle L-i Pass Nl2i,",.:. ',3')

2068 Chaitra i t.;; tPart 3 hrs

Subject: - Software Engineering (cr 601)

Catdidates ar.e required to give tlreir ansu,ers in their own words as far as practicabie.
./ Attempt All quesrions.
7'he _figures in the ntargin indicate FulL Marks
Assr-tme suitable data if necessary.

t- What is software crisis? Explain ''rith the help of an example. tsl

?. Describe Spiral model for softr,,are development. What are its advantages and
drsadvantages? lsl
3r Arestaurant uses an information systern that lakes cuslomer orders, Sends the ordgr to the
J l1ltjJrrr, hgrllyj!_lqg"!g!-!qld_ar,d iry:".fr-nd lenerates repp(s for managerqenr.
List functionalanA non-functional requirements for this Restaurant Informatiou Sl'stem. l5l
ExOlain requirement management process *'ith necessary illustration. lsl
1),
5r.\\'hv system modeling is important? \lenlion tire u'eakness of structured analysis
\-'/ method? [2+3]

o/ \\'hat is an architectural desrgn? \\rhy it is important in software engineering? Explain

\-" multiprocessor architecture with example. [2+3+5J
Define a real-time system. Explain the real-tirne operating system and its componenls? [1+4]
/
8;.,-\ilhat are the benefits and problems of softvr,are fcrrts? What factors need to be takencare
\/ ol Ibr software reuse planning? tsl
lr,',
,-9r..Explain why prograrn inspection u.. eecttrg technique for discovering errors in a
\-r' program? What types of enor are U4il-kelyto be discovered through inspections? [5+s]
10- a program for the determination of the nature of roots of a quadratic equation.
\"' Consider
Its input is a trigle of positive integers (say a, b, c) and values may be from interval [0,
100]- The progiarn output may have one of the following words- [Not a quadratic
equation; Real roots, Imaginary roots, Equal roots]. Design test cases to test this . i5l
11- How do you conduct forrnal technical review? Explain Garvin's quality dimensions. [6+4J
12. Write short notes on: (any four): [z.5xa)
.-r{ Change Management
t-[f Version and Release Managernery
J)" CoCoMg
Conrponent based Software Enginecring
--dY
e) Feasibility Stu$