BRIDGES SECTION PROJECT NOTE 42/91 Design f 1 BS5400 : Part 4 Clause 5.4.1 states that moments and shear forces due to concentrated oad in slab bridges and in the top slabs of beam and slab, voided slab and box beam bridges can be obtained from elastic analysis such as those due to Westergaard or Pucher (Ref. () and (i), For cantilever slabs, design charts prepared by Sawko (Rel. (ii)) can be adopted to evaluate the design forces. 2. ‘The references mentioned above can provide the influence surfaces of forces in terms of forces per unit length at a design point. In determining the design forces induced by a Wheel, the size of the load including dispersal of it to the concrete stab should be taken into account. Although the cade has allowed the dispersal of loads down to the neutral axis of the structural concrete slab (885400 part 2 clause 6.3.3), for simplicity, the dispersal should only be made down to the top surface as itis for punching shear design (85400 part 4 clause 5.4.4.2). A rectangular or circular patch load is assumed in BS5400 : Part 2 clause 6.3.2. 3a. ‘The total design force at a particular design point can be calculated by superimposing all the forces induced by a given pattern of whee! loads acting on the slab, The wheol loads should be located at a position to produce the most crtical design forces, In general only ‘one axe of HB load needs to be considered. The effect of the other axles on the design section is negligible. 4 Ref (il) produced only a design chart (Table 23) for the shear force influence surface for ‘the comer point at the free transverse edge of a semi-plate-strip with two simply Supported longitudinal edges. For infinite long slab, itis suggested that the shear force ‘can be assumed to be halved of the value. 5. 't should be noted that design charts in Ref (ii) are mainly prepared for the moment or shear due to a concentrated load acting within a slab of infinite length, Therefore, for load acting near the free edge of the slab, itis recommended that the moment or shear be assumed to be twice of those obtained from an infinitely long slab. Reinforcement should ’be provided for the increased design forces at the free edge aver a length equal 0 0.6 times the span of the slab which is based on the assumption of 60 degree horizontal spread of load. Towards support 1 the edge ‘Actual shgar/length Design shear/tength6 The total maximum design forces per unit length including the bending moment and shear force obtained from the design charts and modified as per paragraphs 4 and § should be used for the determination of reinforcement across the section 2 In addition to the flexural shear which is normally not a critical forces for siab design tunder a concentrated load, the slab should be checked for punching shear. In this case, ispersal of wheel loads should be taken to the top surface of the concrete slab only (885400 part 4, Clause 5.44.2). Guidance on the punching shear design is given in Project Note 19/88 and the detailed design procedure given in BS5400 : Part 4 Clause 5.4.4.2 can be followed 6 Reference 0 Computation of stresses in bridge slabs due to wheel loads. Public roads. Vol. 2, No. 1 Match 1930 - Westergaard H.M. w Influence Surfaces of Elastic Plates Wien. New York - A. Pucher i) Design of cantilever slabs for Spine Boam Bridges University of Liverpool - F, Sawko. ™ Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook, 10th edition, € & FN SPON- CE. Reynolds LsM File: JOB\PN4291 Date: 4/12/91