Vicera, Fellen Grace V.

REVIEWER LESSON 1 & 2

UCSP

LESSON 1: THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

SOCIAL SCIENCE Study what builds a man; his pursuit of nature, his definition of self, his
environment, his race, preferences, influences and emotions. Includes
anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology
3 IMPORTANT GREEK 1. Socrates
PHILOSOPHERS AND 2. Plato
CONTRIBUTORS TO 3. Aristotle
THE WORLD
FIELDS OF SOCIAL 1. Anthropology
SCIENCE 2. Psychology
3. Geography
4. Political Science
PHILOSOPHY VS. Philosophy : focus on the analysis to know the truth
SOCIAL SCIENCE Science: focus on the investigation to know the truth, empirical data
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS Believed that the sun, rather than the Earth is the center of the
universe.
Believed that the revolution of science refers to historical changes in
thought and belief
Give birth to science
ISAAC NEWTON Universal laws of motion
FRANCIS BACON Supremacy of reason
RENE DESCARTES The separation of the spiritual, body from mind, leads to the triumph of
valuing physical over spiritual
SECULARIZATION Moving away from the church
MARTIN LUTHER Strongly despised the corruption of the Church when they started
selling indulgences in return of promised salvation
PROTESTANT Response to a variety of unbiblical traditions.
REFORMATION
ENLIGHTENMENT Man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage
The process by which the public could rid themselves of intellectual
bondage after centuries of slumbering
IMMANUEL KANT Advocated the use of reason in order to know the nature of the world
TUTELAGE Man’s ability to make use of his understanding without direction from
another
MOTTO OF Have courage to use your own reason
ENLIGHTENMENT
UNIVERSITIES Became the central of secular leaning
THE DISSOLUTION OF The emerging factory system and the growth of rural population
FEUDAL SOCIAL caused people to migrate to urban based centers
RELATIONS
FERDINAND TONNIES Said that the new and modern way of life turned relationships into cold
and calculated ones
TRADE Means buying and selling goods and services in return for money’s
worth
COMMERCE Exchange of goods and services in the economy
MARCO POLO An Italian merchant, gave birth to the idea that there is a whole world
(like Asia) outside of Europe
CHRISTOPHER Started a voyage discovering America in the process 500 years ago
COLOMBUS
FERDINAND MAGELLAN Discovered the island of Mactan in 1521
2 CATEGORIES OF 1. Industry
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 2. Commerce
RISE OF Product of Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation
INDIVIDUALISM Capitalists reduced human interactions and indulged instead business
interactions, making money the source of man’s individualization from
society. Happened because of specialization
GEORGE SIMMEL German sociologist
Modern period is the tragedy of culture
SOCIOLOGY Study of human social relationships and institutions
1. AUGUSTE French philosopher and mathematician, founding father of sociology.
COMTE
THREE STAGES IN THE 1. Theological Stage
DEVELOPMENT OF 2. Metaphysical Stage
SOCIETIES accrdng to 3. Positive Stage
Comte
2. HARRIET Mother of sociology
MARTINEAU An English writer who wrote travelogues about her sociological
insights and is considered the mother of sociology
3. KARL MARX A revolutionary who advocated the use of scientific methods to study
the nature of society and human beings
4. EMILE One of the fathers of sociology
DURKHEIM An infamous French sociologist who argued that sociology is an
independent discipline from psychology. He believed that society
possesses a reality “SUI GENERIS”
SUI GENERIS Own kind, class by itself/unique
5. MAX WEBER Father of sociology. Believed that scientific methods discarded people
from their used personal relationships and intimacies. Believed that
rationalization is important in our society.
LESSON 2: The Colonial Origin of Social Sciences
ANTHROPOLOGY The study of what makes a human “human”
A scientific discipline that originated from social philosophy and
travelogues of Western travellers
To make the world a safer place for human difference
4 GREAT 1. Franz Boas
ANTHROPOLOGISTS 2. Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski
3. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe Brown
4. Marcel Mauss
FRANZ BOAS Father of Modern American Anthropology
Rejected the biological basis of racism or racial discrimination
Rejected Darwin’s theory in favor of historical particularism
Malinowski Did the study of Trobrian Island
He developed Particular observation
PARTICULAR Method of social science that requires anthropologists to have the
OBSERVATION ability to blend in someone’s life
BROWN Believed that structural functionalist paradigm that states the social
sciences are social structures that maintains the equilibrium of society
MAUSS Nephew of Durkheim
Crossed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology
POLITICAL SCIENCE Deals with political power and government
Studies how an individual man’s decision can be influenced by the
collective decision of his environment and society
Process of making collective decisions
PLURALISM Led to the emphasis on analyzing group interests rathen than state
SOCIAL DARWINISM Survival of the fittest
Justify the domination of native people
INDIGENIZATION Was done through sikolohiyang pilipino
SIKOLOHIYANG 2 leading exponents: Canilao and Diaz
PILIPINO Refers to psychology borne out of experience and orientation of
Filipinos
SOCIAL SCIENCES IN 1. Universalizing form of knowing – being sensitive to the local
THE ERA OF cultures
GLOBALIZATION 2. Feminist Anthropology – examining relations between men and
women, how gender has shifted over time
3. Reflexivity – awareness of social sciences of the ideological and
social biases of their standpoints when doing research