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    13 views22 pages

    Cap 5

    Uploaded by

    Mario Ceddia
    Libro

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 22
    ina onkhnen inna mesacctint ey Shee Sa 1.0: Comeation for the Vicwty wad Peal Number seatearit ect eo aa cae eens SS Sera emir 2 Soe a teeeeeteonare et Ser tpionat aommeamneeeee > Seen es remade Seen in ae ae 21 Cp 8 td Cog Te Mahal Ther Noten Cans Cai ‘Soy nb 5 2 Wed 0 Gre © Fan a BB: Mee Thy of Gao i 2 Pamcron, BJ: nd Hani XA: Enis fom Contin Ege Th Cont a 2g apn yt Sha RC: A Signe Eg Sal of of Fa To, fe Sei ts eo 680 He ee Eo 1 Phe Dynal Ean A: Th Ee oF Campin ec Hai 5 cmc ny Cote EB rant igen Fay sa eSpace Cora Or ei omni, aw ae Ege Ten Cfo Fw Co pun ng ta CHAPTER 3 IDEAL, MODELS OF ENGINE CYCLES 1 INTRODUCTION Te optting eee ofa intra combantion engin can be broken down int & sue feprate proces ake, compresion, combustion epulon, od ‘not With models for exh of ice presses a sina fa complet ‘apne ie can be bul up wich canbe scaled to pone inroatin ow ‘ne pecormaace. Modes of ndvdal engine procs n rou levels of ‘pywanation have bern develope In thi chapter we conde he spl set ‘model wich provide ver nights nto the peormane sad eiecy of ‘ngnes The oes anal we commonly clad the cesta ue conta "ide forthe engine eomboion procs? The Gein e move secure ‘Satins of engine poses dered unt Chap. 1 For encheapne cy «le of model for worlig uid hemodynamic peries must be made Ths modes bev ben reviewed Chap. 4 Ia Micah ruse unin me how an Ped Sa ay ad oe ‘tenis unmeontt oOr casU bsapnan ee ee SESS Serge ema yc a 162 pres comsnon ne rasoemts neie eye models combine wi simple eal gu model (pei ats on. ‘Mi troghowt the engine cle—moda | in Table 42) provide snl reas {nd ate nfl fo ssa purposes; we wl eal thse yes eal go standard ‘oes Uel engine ses cone with more relate model of werk Bad [ropes a fosen mire lal as forthe unburned mitre sd 2 eu [tum mtr for he barnedmintare~del 3 Table 2) a ale faa ‘jksand provide more qunstate information on expe operon "A nteraalcombason engine nt heat eagle i he Teodynami Acids ofthe term. I's ota close system. The woking ld does ot ‘totes hemodynamic. The tpertre changes ich scr ard ‘Sm and matimam iar vais ae not primary vera of est {aur interacons. An engine can bs be aalyed ar an pen sem Which ‘change beat and work wih is sounding envionment (he atmosphere Resctnts (os and a flow int the stem products aut pases) ow ex. (ho oval second lanl the engine om ths pia fiw as andy teen pseted in Se. 6) Thy, the sys dace in thi eSepler re ‘Seemoiyramie yee, Rate, exc) a consecutive quence of proce: ‘trough wich wea allow thet of the working i the enue xesee ‘compete operating oe 2 IDEAL MODELS OF ENGINE PROCESSES. ‘The sequence of pres which make up type Sl and Cl ceo operating (jek bs bn ssid in S13, To tase the process ender pet {re () and volume (F) dts rom a throtedfouratroke eye St engine ee Powe asp ogra In Fp 5. The le can be ied nto compresion, e [> a> oe tin ow nooner mame oc 168 Tied ode engine proces ro — rang. tained ete Bieta) «fA «feet gence onc cerns Pours #3 rence dint of el xa sede: ea see contin 164 sven commen ee ROE ombustion, expansion, exbans an ine process, Ses asupios whisk Split ech of tee poco Toa form Coneset for aaa ae pe a aes Preure-olme digrams fo he xotant-volume contac, ad lined rear ees for untrotiedeopine operation ave stated In Fig, Seto Throted engine operon p) ad soprcarpd ene operation G2 p) ae shown in Fig. $24 and 1s each oyee 12 i the compresig Proce 2: the combaston procs, 3-4 (ot D4 in the constant pest te) "Te mos crea! sumption in eeminng bow wll thee de yes sue at nda of engine pronase the farm srumed forthe combustion ‘room The rel engine combustion poo oxuies a fit crank an prod (ewoes stout 20 and 10 rank angi eps ad the spr often Aiming maybe tarde rom opin svance to cleo TC The costa ‘lume le the iting caso aie fat ombaon a TC; te cont. ‘remure Cye Would corespond 10 slow and ate combustion; the Hite Preseli ete ‘$3. THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS “he ove engine operating paramo eats intrest whic ca be dete ‘aed tom thermodynamic sais of he egie operating eee “The indtd fel converon iin, Ma ea eo (bie, sine te combustion eieny sity, equal othe idcated thermal fave iceney ns See 363) simep = He» Qa es 6 te nde work per els the som othe compression stroke work ad ‘he eapenion stoke week: Wan Wes Me oo Using te notation of Fig 5.2 defi te edpoint of ach nga roe tt {clowiegrtonsips are obaned by applying te Sint and seand ln Theoden othe cde cone sae wens ee oct Compre srote sie the proces Is adiabaicand reeble ‘he competion wrk Ment, Us=mu— a) entation proce: Forte contant-volume cy ne memee Forth constant pressure le, non wt te m=O haha Expansion soe Fre connanvolme exe tnd te expuasion works Man Ua~ Cem may 40 Forth constant peta yl, nom ‘dt expansion work it Mea Uy— Vet PAM) ey 10 + les 0) ths + nate Peed 60 69 66) (67,5) (10 (78 (sta.8) on (00.86) oan 166 so comers ons rasbamts Forth tinted peso eye eset Pam Pan Sab 62sk9 andthe expansion works Wy= Un ~Ust Pala Md en “Tinie fe conversion een is fund by subitutin into ae (soyant 8 Forth consume eee: nly = ~~ * a ae Forth comtat-presur cyte ths A= —0) + ata re ms Bone os Fo ined rr ce Hh) —m) tp pe 7 Man oo a The sae of the mistre a point I in the yee depends on te intake ristre properties andthe resol gas properties atthe ead ofthe ex “hen the exaust valve open t point the yiner pres bor th exh manlld pressor seds wdowm rons erate ie etait [roses moth ths blowdown ocr i he pstonstatloary at BC. Deng {is lords proce, the at which ronal nie the ender expands Hopely The gsr ecapig om the ender ndergo am uted expat ‘rere ace by each pr semen I ecnlerted Though te ext ‘tive daupued ma trblen ming roc nthe exhaust pt in ine here and fw wrk, Sige tra sed ato eat wane ects ntl ofeach omc i ater ese the eynder remain cont. “Thse pocewms ae dusted on at he gram in Fig 3 Tae eminng inte oie expe ienopcaly along the Sine €. The 83 ‘Stent fan nich aves the ender point eaters the ess mail Staten te preware =, ln An cement hat ens te deta tet sate bon the sefsion le 3 woul eter he exnase anil Etec Atte end ofthe Blowdoraproces he gin the eying and the istpyeeory aan of sue day 7 Sut at Sa rn ‘pst eae hae the same sate—$, The i, therfore, rain temperature ‘nin he eased gat The temperature of he es eement sen, {Eph han The tenet east ent exaudT ' dslacement of gu out fhe jeder lows the Bowdown proces as the pitoa moves om BC to TC Iba rer and Hint ee is ar ete, no chang in throm state fhe ps ear Sipscnent procs, the mas of x win the ede a hee he Bow own procs arbor decreed De a 1 he mas of reside fs my he cyber at point 6 inthe ese is bein y fst detmiig testo he ps (7,0) teen oe Some ‘down poss flowing am topic expansion fom p, Yo pan then y tec the eyaer volume fo te eater volume. The ria mass acon ths pen by = ean) ‘The average state of he exkated pcan be dete by comeing ‘he open ape dined bythe piston fc, ede Wal, and ender bead, ‘town i ip 8-4 Apijieg the rat hw of cmodynami or a oe ser e-em ndhe— He te tes the enthalpy ofthe mass fg exhausted fom the inde. Te ‘erie pt exh aly ere, Ce sim ch with p= py, death average exh gs state, tee iit iemperatue atthe a te intake oA an a he staf ompreion stoke pit | n Fig 2) can now be determined, apsin ing ( the open estem in Fig 54. Appt ofthe st aw betwen pois 6 and Bes y= Uys nln, = +m — mah 099 or imate = PY YO 45 = (3185 « muh = che Hou —mOW SHO PD GIR where hth pci etal ofthe int mixture and p= "Wot tnt nen pa ft fhe el gia cinder a thee the east stoke wil ow into the take stem when te tke vale ope ‘This ow wil case when the einder peste equals, However, rove tet tram oar ths bakdow a fo afet Ege (9) above sc he ow ‘ral hoagh the intake valve constant enthalpy proce Inman egies, the coning of the eho ae and the opening of he intake ave over. Flow of eat po from the exaust tem hou. {he yin no the take stn an then er. Eglin (18) ad (31) ‘wold bane to be modified fo scout or rae over. Inthe foursteoke eagle jee, work b done on the piston dng te Ink wnd he exaust procece The west done by the ender aes on De piston dorig exhausts Mand) om “oe wok doe yh ind peo te ston rig inte is Wnnli-¥ on "The net wou fo the pst over the exh and intake stroke the us WO Ae") on whic, othe ender as syste nea for p< and portve fr n> Pr a Lrt—~—~—S—S—SC—C nem _ Fae noe pmep=5.—p 5234 Fee > mp =n (5235 ‘hen and ross inated mean ete pesures re rete by ne, = nen. —(o.— md (20) ‘ae net nde foe conversion ele ated othe rst ined fot mvertonefiecy by S4_ CYCLE ANALYSIS WITH IDEAL GAs WORKING FLUID WITH ¢, AND c, CONSTANT eh working iin tel ye ita to be a el pu with and 2 aaa eg the gins opesig the sented ae ‘vious ection Which dace eine peoonance tod sen) cn beter ‘Sele. We il se the notation of Fig 52. t=) a ier, ‘SAL Constant-Volume Cycle The ompresion work (Ea. 54 beconse Wom mesh, —T) (625) The expansion work (B59) becomes Meme 1) on ‘ve dating combustion. For the working Bid mol woder sonsicraton he Urea he acta ad puss Tage ch oF 3 re ‘ll od have gal ops egies, Hen fr # satan sae Sitniccombunion proces ms =m Cow any iin cd mene Seas Cony Seas Some oo eee 170 tacoma ne Mowe [Note thatthe Rating ales conta lm and constant peer at the rs working Bt, For converts we wil fie or Sam om iby) dese, rng other com. stp into ne ‘eso pr an mas f working Ba. Tad eaten rade fost comveion ny (a, 14 becomes aoa om where = Hose: and, (530) ca be renrange a munt on Vals ofr fr diferent vale ae shonin Fig. 5. The init fuel Smvenon dicesey Tne Wh inane compresion aio snd 5 Femoenr 2 t “The inined mea fective pers ing Eg (52) a (31), becomes BE om teenie cin te pa es nin _cngmin masse TEE me prevent aniciaes dtc cger immer ae come peeenie woes é 6x9 tsi om (28 Egan ge Se gzmi (chs cd ‘Abid a oie, i dsl. Eagle weight wil nese with increasing stoma thence soc i components “hence fe conenion eon ed te raion ens and iin, (or he lal eye mel Soot depend ta web the eee oUed ssperurad, Howerer, th retin betwen he working Hu properties st fein and 6d coped on he dere hoting or percarig Fort {ed ene operation. he mal pa mam facton canbe dried (eos: Frm Eq (Si7) sine ste 5 conesondr fh leone expan from tae 4 p= sin ny p= dba apr” menRna nt om 1 un Oe ne Te iol mass fatoninceses asp deseses Dow py deena a 7, ves and cen 8 O°, 7) enn “Trough a sinfar aaj the tempers of the reuleas T, cam be on Beate » (335 39 172 ra cnr nee naan “The mice tpertre a point | te cy can be telat to he i sintre tert, wih (319, Fora wong uid wih a om. Une of Ege (535 and. ends tote elation Gratin =H bad xtesve reas forthe castantolume ee with 7= 14 canbe found in Tay aang tat ) om as 42 Limited and Constant- ‘Pressure Cyees “The comune cs tint prem oe wth py limited pressure cl the compresion work remiss Pa For he We= melts ~T) on “The exoasion wok fom Bg, (513, becomes We = (edie T+ Ploy — eal (sa For the combustion proces, Eh (574A mp aeQae = melTag 1 ag nen Qome = Mes ~ Tad ean o /Oune = MEAT T+ {Tn TD A for working id wit ane constan througout he eee. ‘Combing Bae (i Gan (539) (Sa) ad sieges “HWS Ue ofthe etropi latoshipe forth mokig Bld long 1.2 and 3-4 wi the ebettaone an pape (4058) least the ret -elati=) a For P= this st some the constant lane cee cine (Ea 331) Fo {15 heel es tbe coestantpesre een as spec oe, see centr mew cass 7 “Te mean elective peste related op 047 ae S223 (S cae 49 5.43 Cyse Comparison Teabove eens re mos wel vale for 4nd OY, ae chosen 0 ih el working id propert. Fipue 33 ha ead own te senay Sry forthe comtat-volune ce othe vr of chose In Sx 4 aera alg oe andy were determined which ach al working Bid proper ‘her ie conpreon and epunion token pervey.Vaos for «to ‘teie mastreappeopeite to an Sl engine are 7,~ 1 n= 12. However, ‘Tf premurenolume dat for el engi cys indats Wat pP™ whee Tt good to the epunson soe pF data eat ant om the tert gues ncrenes the eponest above the vale coreponding fo A ‘iody = 13 rhe entree thas a rasoeble compote G+ cond by (939) the extapy cee rng heal com sn promt mass of woke fast Reno” © (Zha() va scotia pate ase meee sionepreeamrcare See ee ches Sa een mem gree oe BEBE Aoee satiate cee ete eres ire Gy rns atin asdeoesetanss ten Siatiemae anaes Seton eranm anaes ee Scenes wr fits oe ase ce ee 2 minam prere cety Afe the wap Feud te a 194 pm conten ene Rams Pett ine dupa enn, tlre ncn ie Seiden Say ones tees Compan of eal peels urement 178 sista en esa tyne Fn ‘A. move extensive comparn of he hve et i en in Fig 5:7 $4 ofr a range af compeessio re, For ome y=13 and Qi Ti) = 3X, Dir. A any Bien "te Consus ee bt ihe le ‘ey and lowest eps. Fora gen mssimam prone p, the Sonia: Benue yc has the igs en) (alte ip cmpreion eno Foe the imted-pressre eee, at coma yp ther Ii prone ‘tng ad imp above compres rao abot #0108 ce Esamle 51 show bw Hl ce eqns i fel sd tke ‘Sims by contning tis benteope expansion from ste 4 to p= pT ‘a gn termperatre cast ed om the equim bred gs ca ‘ua gs acon ls obnned fom Ep (S17) I alt of Tr and =, we ‘Shumate stat of thc cleaon to termine the tstamed ase sme serene case 178 cat be checked apis heeled vale ad an eto eye compas Seed ow Wis hawt ra he cee “The indicted fo coeeson ee i bie om Ea (51), The ind ced ean elective presi obi from (52, The women) (eSee210 for fouesvake eerie en by nls) dre te) fet he inet ai densiy Gi blograna per cb met aa ithe chart ‘Rib eetlae in beeen per Hoga oo ei eam 2. Cae pfomae hia ie uty hl ok dnt inl ti of ager st Tessar {el opt bn in ae sa of compen eased 39 Eyer tee mann ofp Sar forma ely cal and compton poe T=MOK po t0se, en tmApa, wna Ted2K HALIM G.A0Smhga m2 gale Mia= Men 100g sample 4 anes te eat ole sc combsion proce 6 ‘etme tht ee pao a 08, Nye ta ntti Sia, = 930 RE, Euan 43 aac been reno ron ecm basion at tote wets Batt aaa we Mee = sng ae To st teamed ap acon te x eon xsi oe eat at Fi #8 cotati pure ‘Tian 113 4Ps Tos prey do mhpseaed “DK, Bere iraioe tow 8 thin ‘Sandon ats any egret a eae ODT te ‘Steen poe wile be hp ny nd el eget sr 2986 001 = 10 hae termi, a3 spn cota ot RM Meow heim gn “UN women ea coniatepmion sms eto see pe ssuasnir pectin ‘wits, 0135 mee “gutta ora were nyo bate searene = (Gt) Sane eae T= “Tena mean tips = es ‘552 Cl Eagine Cycle Siation ce age aca tri weet ens era Gon Senanriowatocmares sae tca eer cnen estos ‘Sudantylwoe ming prostn which s adabetic overall che mint ites! Sane so woes or ene at IAL sen ih a id ee in meh Sate at nen rma te Ihe ee lay ar pita pe SIE Si omnes, Dewan Stipenre nn Sitio tga ra ‘elaine gies eae ent ge ea ae eee sn Sahni Cente i a at Seats Saleen oar 553 Ress of Cyele Calelatons anv re of constane-lume fai ecclissi: ™* [Hcy ile fled by verses ater than the cmpreion ra an totale ratio, Figures $9 sed 510 show the ells vations in ee {eo parameters on idate fl eanveion iseny and tenn ei pe ‘ie From the vale est he long concton ca bday ‘Silene rato simi font emonsted by the conan constant. {Stine ce analy (vied te appropiate ale of weds Fig Sp 2A the equivalence ratio deze below uy it he fee tre tse propessiely leaner than nowt) te leney tense Thi ccs bease the Burm ge temperatures afer onbiston decreas, secesing the burned gu specie heas and thereby cen the else ‘eo verte exyson stoke The efieney inser ent ft 2 fhe ole expansion rato, the bared gas xpd tegh eee Feature rio prior to ethan thos fr unl mas fo he epson Stoke wot nseaed ‘Besncly acer ta ‘net aor compete olde fhe fel mre than fet te elt of evening burned gs tenperes which eee the mae pee ‘The mean elaine presse, om. (2) a propa othe product $e Thi exhibits amma beeen = 0nd =I Le. Sgly Fh ics For hs than he vale corepondng (th atone, te decreasing fe! mass er ui dace volume more tha oft he Increig fel conversion eicesy. For g prester than this vale, the cen fel conversion fice (eto docreaing combustion eens) ‘Sorta oft thence as, ae mort oF one cts Son eiecy The ella ef vation inthe arabes oe ep ae move ‘bana However, beat ep Gepends diet on he ila charge ‘em. ‘Comparison of reso fom Haitedpresure aod conus raume fie ‘ces shows tht placing xc on the mun prsre eees ‘te sdvanapes of crene empresion ao on both sens ed ine 2 7 1 seme | |_| if CPreso El 1 cami id f ‘nett ia a4 af i _ Seo gra _ | Seo | ee ee SRE hed * Vp mtr ai ne ol mt cnr { | q, $6 OVEREXPANDED ENGINE cyctes Des tontdonind gee The as prestre within the epner of « conveavonalfurstke eae at taba vv opening ls ese tan the exhaust prewar The sala enespy {Che eae gae at this poa nthe eye ethene in the exh Londown proses Addition expansion wit the eager cyinee would ‘sre the intl work per eee, shown ia Fig ©, wht egeasion Sonics beyond plat (he antenna ea cele eh ae opening CP rian ate ete point at 27, Te ehaos sok in i ove 2 Sota cy is 6 Te tae satel The we 4451 habe aed Pe et ri Smpnoe sa atime yeu dn, Ehekeee sere it ee wk to the coment! gle p- diagram ars for the same fet np, hey Incoming eae’ ice. "Counce spason inthe cdr texan pres (it 3 cated the Aten cyte Untrotd operon show mn Fg #1; thot ‘pertng ceca tobe geet Many ck ad ave mechan bre Afer perued toacheve thr ational erpamion For example, H can be hited na conventions forstake ce eng by sable choke of ras ‘tive oping end intake valve sosingpesitns relative to BC. te rank Ser ee ea ate ae dns come so, ieothe ett volums expos ao tran te areal Yuet ‘preson a ihre cal rts are bts than the amin open ‘aio rma vale nie ‘hee of evrepanson om efcny canbe exited om a ana of he alee shown In Fig Sts An ral ga woking Bald wih soe Seats contan heoughost the eye wil bead. The Indeatd Work Pe ‘ek forthe overexpanded eee Wy = may — 404 ~8))~ Plea 8 se ‘The ientpi tions for 1-2 and 34a ‘wih 6, (33 fo rele 7, and, the flowing expression for indent omern fency can be eve rom Eg (S129) an (5 wentegha feria ways} ose ‘Noe tha th eieny given by (S35 function ofa (via Q*h ae tere a masimom load This contra wth (sey (Ea (1) wich independent ot ‘pasion pea by te el contat ome toed. The to fr ape rere, ae 655 mergers tiem aann timers Referee areca ramet Si ea earn ae unt ast atten dase lin i in ef can be ach aly a1 Spee erases "Sr 2 etwnr oon tty more cme ag es te sa ‘Shatner SS ata oe Se Seton ig tn ee pe i nn ‘Srna mare pn a al; =m itftlows tht inp forthe oveexpended eyes ives by _ mn ‘Vatu epi ate loin Fig $12 a2 faction of =r) The sean {al rae om te andar conrtat-Yolome ee valas at 7 = se ‘37. AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS. ‘OF ENGINE PROCESSES 57. Availabilty Relaonsips (eet in engine pecormane aie ite amcunt of wl work tt cm ‘Stace fom eprint flo ach pl orig Ta probe Unto Geter he tsinum pone wrk ua ot ‘Sinmun ove in) when aye (eer ti the cide en om on speed rate o acter inthe rence on specie exon te monet) Te ft and send lows ermynmaics together define ths ‘Summum 2 imum mek, wr st oxen la tees of the propery Rak a"ayemerviooment combination clad sealeity? cr sometoes a cide the stematmospbreconinaion shows in Fig, $13 In he stcnce of mss fw ston te ten bound, as he ste hangs om Sine ws te st nd second iv Be Mam Ws W)4 Oa Oia 5 H8.~8) ‘Combining hes tno equations es theta wok rane Wess ls U9) TSS) sn “The work done bythe sem aginst the atmo snot avaiable or o> een 8 entra er foot seeetor enemas 7 acne we. Imus, there, be abate othe ttl werkt obtain te Seek anger: Woxs 5 ~Ws-UI+ RAR —KI- TA, 5iD (859) ‘he mexni cl ork wl be obtained whe he fit othe systema ‘Sema and mechan equim wt he siovphret “The scl ‘Satyam wich is communeton nih he mone AnUsny nS 0) ete nay testes comboion wich ees ‘Spay for ee work The wl wet och settee comtnton| {Se provide as teste changer om sn sate 2st or equal ‘fechas in velba Wasa Ube Ai) ‘ss ‘When mas ow cos the ste Bose he aaailty eed stot hema om ben—s sm ‘aly cae the sad aay action ‘Wit he resins an svat tlie for the gas working ald ‘yt around the engine ce canbe card out Fort) proces beech ‘fs end sas which ths sytem sndeper Oering only wah te ‘Above the changin saly Apron Bm Aa Aa A sy ‘Theanine in end out aca a eat of work te, ea ean, and mas ser coms te system Yoda. Tae saa Hn (toca with ook tar egal the work nae Te ala) ‘tn dg aocated wih ba rant 99 scuring when the em te mac Fg a ~ ‘ine oth an energy ad eatony taser axe srs the sysem bounty, ‘The walaiy war asoited with materi nen by Bq GOH eae ate nse nee ‘eo at neh ame pn Sew et ly a [Sa Avalbty i deroyed by he reversible that oxen any rel poses. The alably desroye ten by Aut TBS (565 whee AS i teeny crease aso wih he ieversiitesocuig ‘We eye boundary.” 1572 Eatropy Changs In Weal Cycles “The del models of engine proces examined enter in this chapter provide {tl fuse examples for avaaity ame Fit however, we wl cose er the aaa inte extopy ob einer ue they proceed Tough ‘hese ie operating ples Fora aaa reverbe compreson proce, the entropy is constant Forth ombustionpocteneach of the lp stdard eee be eony Incense be seit fom th eltons of Eq (41th costa pce anand) -en() For the consaat-volume ese: ses(8) my er teeta wots -nroml ay Forni de st witha eed by B52) ‘lst expuson proce te combos i complete i ada nd reverse ther oo ter Chogenenopy, 910 4 (0 38 08) Fae S14 Shows te entopy change hat oct Gurig cack poss of hehe Hal ape opening er xsd rom the above equations on «Gaga ‘Titec eyet soe conesgond to thon hep gran fig $68 EIB oid and QrhegT) = 832. Sie the combustion peat +H Toned "ote lithe te lnc Ia entopy daring combustion Ct ‘Semon the reverse atre fi poco "Tee Sayan alu outlet ne pr [ae ugar i 4523. Avalaity Analysis of Meal Gas ality anata foreach process inthe el eee tae the mag ‘he atl transfers and whee the lose in avaaiy occur ‘ve forthe system of Fig 54 i commncaton with an atmospre pe, ‘ia indicated in Fig. 5-13 she change in sada beeen sate ad) sing the portion the eee when the vale ae closed inven by. A= Aim mba) 8) = miley 09+ nde) DT) (56 he aoopit ooaisng auaiy fort hangs aby he ‘Bemorestanicalavalabilty ofthe il sipped to the engine eer each Sah pfctl See Sh How tm tet ee {% seo the drogen va E635) hs thaws abe 3 ‘these two quantities difler by only 1 few percent for common hydrocarbon fuels Era wa Een te es ALA, Mey~8) ay im Bane” m/e (08 ‘busoo forthe consant-presure and limited pres ‘ecu their a raer of aval out ofthe stem egal othe expan on ane whch oars Fee the costan-volume ese expansion woe: Aim Ay toes m9) + dea) Ou O o ae “The avait f the ehaaet ge ttt lave tits aval # Cr, poinarenty sat-2(8 on ove nceetor enecraet 19 = Meme manta ad pt Sear mona ‘The arab ofthe pss inside the cinder eatin ote aay (7) oe the compresion and expatica ses a Spering cj example ted in Fis. 5 a 5.14 own n ig 815 Eg ‘os (69) and 7th wT, and, ren by temperate ier ‘een a aT ad we sph va Sons dig comprnion an ejasion Tate 53 smerny fc cnspes ESS ree ey intro sing and ene of ech the dt for te tape (sm, 200 Te aay at ste of he fa it, mice (Lank + Cte Dany 1286 i he rao (~ Sei) foe bert (ie Tale 33, Toe second number, OUD lows foe dilrence betwee | fh, Beno both workanr pcsses inthis Hal fe coe u ‘eve the fel convertion els Bien by As — Al On) = Sift Oa) ef course equal othe vale tied for r= wad 17213 om he formats for eiclene (Eq $31, obaited prevowsly. The sab Laks comenon eficensy ie nyM0286 Note that the ava ‘Setoyed dang combustion, pl he inabily of ths eal consol yne ‘Sek vo ue the avallaity remaining i hepa state hat decree he ‘Satlbtity corerion efseny boow ony. Doth thee’ lost mechan ‘Serene im maps, slate the el sala, athe compresion tan Meese. "The ithe fandamentateton why sone indeed sey ‘Mees wth an censingcompresion ra ‘STA. Effet of Equivalence Ratio “Te fear ple wiht ove aerate model or working id proper cn ‘aed io exine the eet of varaon i thelr equtalnc ao oe raat somerionetsency. Figure S16shows the temper stains! ad otopy tee hat oxen Consant-aline combustion of foeat miste ‘diferent equitalence tation fllwing entropic compression fom ambit {tmperstae sod prmire thoogh diflent volumetric compreion rao. Te {Sttpy Ince the rol fevers the combustion proc an ‘hig ocompictecombestion produc wih exces a The sgieanc of hex ‘Seustonemied lomes—the destocton of availabilty that ocr a frome shown in Fig 517 where the aval) ale constant om Fron did bythe ead of he nal fica mire shows at Fintona eaves rato fr compesion atin of 12 and 36* The fs ot vem nf nbn ptt ‘Se er ees ws tt SET an pcan ma te oat weber ene ae 189 on aig" oan pte ae Sy ioe anew wees Sale eae eth efecto es eo ns tan vst nents a the equilence ratio dezeses? The combustion loss {roe fiction f tere ia temperature and presse which ocr than of ‘hechuge inte ope het ao that cre "Why then does engine oiceney ‘ao Showa a Fig 59? Thereason fh te pain snake Work tale, ‘rs cton of theft evalby incene she sales ao dees, Fens te naif in the exhaust proce, agin expend a «acon of the aati, dese. Te increae the expnson soe wor tae tetera dens ore then oft the ness in the nai ot ‘Seg combustion: 50 the aval comer fie: (the fal eomer ‘san cen which doy aprotimats ip ncewe $8 COMPARISON WITH REAL ENGINE CYCLES Te pt he el mde of engine pos i peretethi chapter wil ‘cnt ih rid cane th aoa fost wh se pera i ‘elena pose ‘onouton ol ng 7 davam on th compan wd Sutin stokes with at equinus ce ips thors ig he ea eee ad the flare ae te ae gt co ‘ce aol heal eompention aod eqns red at sa ‘ar deity tore compreion. Mion trough the compression sk [FR Soi i ed ado 23 Ae gd, Tema mtopnch oa r pat pawn ees bare i (Sierc dre Bde ond Tr) the rent cs en de tthe rele pene ‘Tacompeon stoke pou e tweeeaeseny coc Moen {ce rte Sig sso yp fhe come esc eal am tepeste op ao tee ave Sig ene ‘rece ad the Sg he ake ave far BC ee ea ene [Te arpansion ote proses foc he npc fal blow the foci per {hn bs flowing som) he tier om the bred ps0 sr: ne tine ered to bur he hare) rat Homo os Copan te east we tele BC (fo to cere ted pte pton np Scones embotn of he hs i lec, eceing oe tpn, eee “Toya hy conto th en a on hep arm fo oP {stated apne eh opty singing tat 80 prea te emo Seafan cura oa eye pf dap Tbe inated ul omeion ‘tay comerionetckny of Be step thre ou 08 tes {Be ey cede fre far! Usr soon made tis so © ‘Shinn te pevomanc nl np Fo aye ls 1. ea wager, Heat tls rom he abort mitre othe inde as ‘ha opie elt on the pine fot the compression proces Het a Feito te boned gues mach ore pram oe Chap. 2). Doe ‘rumtr day comburon, the presue atte ed combustion in he {oe aii ae ih id mb ing cmp pom ‘iy tt ats Seopa a au stew ee a SSE Site tie be nonce pine a wooasor mene ie 195

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