Date: August, 21 2022

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According to the United Nations (UN), aproximately 70% of all available drinking water in
the
world is used for irrigation, while industrial activities consume 20% and domestic use 10%
Today
in Brazil, several technologies are available for the agricultural environment. However,
they are
expensive technologies that require a large investment, making small and medium-
sized
farmers unable to access these new ways of working. Automated irrigation has been one
of
the technologies most used by farmers because regardless of whether it rains or not, it
guarantees producers a uniform harvest and minimizes the risk of losses due to lack of water.
Thus, to develop a prototype of an autonomous and sustainable irrigation system controlled
by
Arduino, through the use of sensors to monitor physical quantities, as well as using
renewable
energy, in this case, solar panels. For this purpose, we built a prototype of an
autonomous
irrigation system, which makes the sensors collect information from the soil that
is then sent to
the Arduino, which in turn controls a mini hydraulic pump responsible for
irrigating the soil
monitored by the sensor, all of which the system powered by 12v photovoltaic
panels. The
precision in the data collection performed by the sensor and the processing power
of the
Arduino became clear during the execution of the prototype. It was found that the
prototype,
applied in a local mini-site, made the use of water more effective and more
controlled, ensuring
that there was irrigation in times of drought and preventing production
from suffering from
scarcity. It was also found that the photovoltaic panels had the autonomy
to supply enough
energy for the prototype developed during the test period carried out. With
the expansion of
humidity sensors, the increase in the number of solar panels with greater
energy storage
capacity, and the use of a hydraulic pump that can provide water uniformly to
the entre area to
be irrigated, it becomes possible for this system is implemented in family
farming, as a
sustainable and practical way for agricultural cultivation, reducing expenses and
giving greater
speed and efficiency to the whole process.

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