MARITIME ENGLISH

(MID TEST)

By :

Miftahul Rahma
461189630
KALK 8 C

PORT AND SHIPPING MANAGEMENT

STIP JAKARTA

2022
1. Explain at least four important changes in STCW 2010 Manila Amendments!
Answer:
Here, are the important changes to each chapter of STCW Convention and Code
include:
a. TRANSITION TIME FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANILA
AMENDMENT
 The Manila amendments to the 2010 STCW will come into force on
January 1, 2012. Seafarers who start training on or after July 1, 2013,
must have met the requirements of the Manila amendment. Seafarers
holding certificates of competence (COC) and certificates of skills
(COP) issued by the provisions of the 1995 amendments to the STCW
convention, are given a deadline of December 31, 2016 to comply with
the provisions of the Manila Amendment.
 Certificates of Competence of the Republic of Indonesia issued under
the current regulations (STCW Convention amended 1995) will be able
to be validated until December 31, 2016. Such certificates will be
granted an extension/endorsement beyond January 1, 2017 after the
certificate holder fulfills the requirements in the Manila Amendment.
Details of the additional training that allows holders of certificates
issued under the provisions of the 1995 amendments to the STCW
convention to comply with the 2010 Manila amendments to the STCW
can be found in the appendix.
 Provisions on transition times based on STCW rules I/15 Manila
Amendments only apply to additional training and issuance of
seafarers' certificates. Other provisions established by the convention
must be implemented by January 1, 2012.
b. MEDICAL STANDARD MARINE
 The medical requirements for seafarers have been revised in the
amendment. Medical Certificates for seafarers must be issued by the
provisions of sections A-I/9 and B-I/9 of the Manila amendment
STCW, and must have a validity of 2 years, or 1 year for seafarers
aged 18 years. If the validity of the medical certificate expires in the
 middle of the voyage, the medical certificate can be extended until the
next port.
 Under the transitional provisions, medical certificates issued to
seafarers under the provisions of the current regulations or the 1995
amendments to STCW will remain valid until the expiration date as
stated on the certificate or for a maximum period of 5 years from the
date of issuance, but not beyond 31 December 2016 .
 Medical Training Medical certificates are issued by the current
requirements until 2017. After this date, all medical certificates must
be issued by the 2010 Manila amendment standards, although in
practice the administration is required to meet the new standards before
2017.
c. WORKING HOURS AND BREAK HOURS
 Officers and rating officers who carry out the duties of the navigational
watch or the engine room guard, or other crew members assigned
duties relating to safety, pollution prevention and security shall be
granted a period of rest, as follows:
 Minimum 10 hours of rest in 24-hour.
 77 hours of rest in 7-day.
 Rest hours can be divided into no more than 2 periods, one of
which must last at least 6 hours and the time interval between
continuous periods should not exceed 14 hours.
 Reduction of rest hours to 70 hours of rest in a 7-day is permitted
for a time not exceeding 2 consecutive weeks.
 The skipper must place an announcement containing the division of
working hours onboard, which contains information on the daily
work/rest schedule during sailing and while at the port, in a place that
is easily visible and accessible on board, in the language used on board
and in English, to make it easier for all crew members.
 Documentation of daily rest periods must be well maintained and
signed by the captain, or an officer appointed by the captain. A copy of
the record of rest hours and the schedule regarding the ship's crew,
 which should be approved by the captain or an officer authorized by
the captain, must also be given to the crew concerned.
d. PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
 The captain, officers, and other crew members when carrying out
bridge and engine guard duties, or other tasks related to safety,
security, and pollution prevention are not allowed to consume alcohol
that will exceed the blood alcohol content limit (BAC-Blood Alcohol
Level). ) is greater than 0.05% or 0.25 mg/l in the breath.
 Shipping companies must establish procedures based on ship safety
management to prevent the abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs on board.
e. IMPORTANT CHANGES ON SEAFARERS TRAINING
 The Manila STCW amendments have amended requirements relating
to ratings and officers, including new certification provisions for
officers and ratings. A more detailed explanation is as follows:
 Education and Training Regarding Safety and Security
Safety courses will require refresher training every five years
and the training program may be shortened from the length of
the original training duration. Refresher exercises with
approved methods (in class or ship - not yet defined) are:
 Proficiency in Survival Craft and Rescue Boats (SCRB)
 Advanced Firefighting (AFF)
 Basic Safety Training (BST)
 Fast Rescue Boat
 Medical Training

2. How does containerization increase the fuel costs of transport?

Answer:
Containerization increases the fuel costs of transport occurred with the increasing use
of fuel for container ships in shipping cargo. As one of the fixed costs that must be
paid by the shipping company, this fuel cost is certainly influenced by the use of fuel
on the ship.
Fuel consumption by container ships is largely a function of vessel size and cruising
speed, which follows an exponential function above 14 knots for vessels to move
 quickly and arrive on time at the port of destination. For example, a container ship of
about 8,000 TEU will consume about 225 tons of bunker fuel per day at a speed of 24
knots. At 21 knots, this consumption drops to about 150 tonnes per day, a 33%
decrease.
In addition to the heavy use of fuel by container ships, the use of head trucks for
container transfer also requires a large cost and also the movement of containers using
other modes of transportation.

3. Why does containerization possibly increase efficiency in shipping operation?

Answer:
Containerization possibly increases efficiency in shipping operations because of the
following factors:
a. Increase the flexibility of cargo movement, especially for Out of Gauge (OoG)
cargo, it can be easily transported.
b. Transport speed; with bigger and more powerful cargo ships and modern
container handling equipment, delivery times have been drastically reduced.
c. Safety and security: these double doors each have a double-locked, which is
used to lock and seal the container so it is secure and tamper-proof.

4. Make a composition by using the information below

29/10/21 - MT.Boston - Greek Flag - Durban to Mumbai - crude oil -
Mozambique and Mombassa - Indian Ocean - India - 12 days of voyage - 5 days
unloading - 16/11/21 return.
Answer:
On October the twenty-ninth, 2021, the MT. Boston under the Greek Flag left Durban
for Mumbai with a cargo of crude oil. She called at Mozambique and Mombassa and
then sailed straight across the Indian Ocean. Her voyage lasted twelve days. She
spent five days unloading the cargo in the harbour of India and began her return
voyage on November the sixteenth, 2021.

5. How do you differentiate the time charter and voyage charter?

Answer:
A time charter is the hiring of a vessel for a specific period, it means the owner still
manages the vessel but the charterer selects the ports and directs the vessel where to
 go. The charterer pays for all fuel the vessel consumes, port charges, and a daily 'hire'
to the owner of the vessel. Meanwhile, a voyage charter is the hiring of a vessel and
crew for a voyage between a load port and a discharge port. So, the charterer pays the
vessel owner on a per-ton or lump-sum basis. The owner pays the port costs
(excluding stevedoring), fuel costs, and crew costs.

6. Write down your own scenario about Formal Meeting Phrases in English
correctly!
Answer:
Opening : Right, shall we get started?
The Minutes : Has everyone seen the minutes?
The Agenda : The first item on the agenda today is about elementary school
children education.
The Subject : The purpose of today's meeting is to discuss a modern
education system for elementary school children.
Giving the Floor : (Mention one of the parents' names, e.g. Mr. Jonas), I think
you know something about this problem.
Taking the Floor : With the Chair’s permission, I would like to take up the point
about Mr. Jonas explanation.
Finishing a Point : Has anyone got anything further they wish to add before we
move on to the next item on the agenda?
(Mrs. Brown gives some statements)
Directing : We seem to be losing sight of the main point. The question is
about modernized education system for elementary school
children.
(Mr. Dalton is speaking while Mrs. Brown is delivering her statements)
Keeping Order : We cannot all speak at once. Mr. Dalton, would you like to
speak first?
Moving to New Point : Now, I would like to turn to the solutions of this problem.
Moving to a Vote : Can I ask for a show of hands?
Voting : The motion is carried unanimously. Thank you.