TRANSPORT LAYER

Windowing and Sliding Windows

2 TYPES OF WINDOW

1 Sender Window

2 Receiver Window

Window 16 Bit Header

216 = 65,536
max WIN = 65535
Receiver Window

Receiver Buffer Size

Sender Window

Offered Window Maximum Amount of Data that the Receiver can Handle
Amount of data that can be sent pending an acknowledgment
For a data stream of 12 Segments: Reasons why receiver will not
TTL = TIME TO LIVE
send acknowledgments:
IF: OFFERED WINDOW = 6
1. Lost Packets

Offered Window = 6 Segments 2. Slow Transmission

3. Transmission Errors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Already Sent Already Sent, but, Still sending.. Segments waiting to be sent
& Acknowledged still waiting for an
acknowledgment

NOTE: Segments that are still in window is kept in memory for possible retransmission.
Offered Window Amount of data that can be sent pending an acknowledgment

Offered Window = 6 Segments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Already Sent Already Sent, but, Still sending.. Segments waiting to be sent
& Acknowledged still waiting for an
acknowledgment

NOTE: Segments that are still in window is kept in memory for possible retransmission.
Offered Window Amount of data that can be sent pending an acknowledgment

Offered Window = 6 Segments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

NOTE: Segments that are still in window is kept in memory for possible retransmission.
Offered Window Amount of data that can be sent pending an acknowledgment

Sliding Windows If the sender receives an acknowledgment for data sent, the Window
will slide to the right, for segments in waiting to be sent.

Offered Window = 6 Segments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Already Sent Already Sent, but, Can Segments waiting to

& Acknowledged Still sending..
still waiting for an now be be sent
acknowledgment sent.

NOTE: Segments that are still in window is kept in memory for possible retransmission.