Homework 2

To be submitted: 8/11/2022

1. Give the original jurisdiction of the different courts:

a. First-level Courts
Take note:
 The MTC can act as an Environmental Court according to A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC Rules
of Procedure for Environmental Cases
 The MTC, acting as an Environmental Court, has original and exclusive jurisdiction
over the following, except:
o Criminal offenses punishable under the Chain Saw Act RA 9175
o Violation of the NIPAS Law RA 7586
o Violation of the Mining Laws
o Violation of Anti-Pollution Laws

EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL
 Pursuant to RA 7691 Section 3., Section 33 of the same law is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 33. Jurisdiction of Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit
Trial Courts in Civil Cases. – Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal
Circuit Trial courts shall exercise:
"(1) Exclusive original jurisdiction over civil actions and probate proceedings, testate and
intestate, including the grant of provisional remedies in proper cases, where the value of the
personal property, estate, or amount of the demand does not exceed One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) or, in Metro Manila where such personal property, estate, or amount of the
demand does not exceed Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00), exclusive of interest,
damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees, litigation expenses, and costs, the amount of which
must be specifically alleged:
Provided, That interest, damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees, litigation expenses, and costs
shall be included in the determination of the filing fees: Provided, further, That where there are
several claims or causes of actions between the same or different parties, embodied in the same
complaint, the amount of the demand shall be the totality of the claims in all the causes of action,
irrespective of whether the causes of action arose out of the same or different transactions;
"(2) Exclusive original jurisdiction over cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer:
Provided, That when, in such cases, the defendant raises the questions of ownership in his
pleadings and the question of possession cannot be resolved without deciding the issue of
ownership, the issue of ownership shall be resolved only to determine the issue of possession;
and
"(3) Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil actions which involve title to, or possession of,
real property, or any interest therein where the assessed value of the property or interest therein
does not exceed Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or, in civil actions in Metro Manila, where
such assessed value does not exceed Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) exclusive of interest,
damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees, litigation expenses and costs:
Provided, That in cases of land not declared for taxation purposes, the value of such property
shall be determined by the assessed value of the adjacent lots."
 Omnibus Election Code, Sec. 49 – Inclusion and exclusion cases which shall be decided not
later than seven before the date of the election shall be within the exclusive original
jurisdiction of the municipal or metropolitan trial court. The notice of such decision shall be
served to all parties within twenty-four hours following its promulgation and any party
adversely affected may appeal therefrom within twenty-four hours to the regional trial court
which shall finally decide the same not later than two days before the date of the election.
 Cases falling under the 1991 Revised Rules on Summary Procedure
 Cases falling under the 2016 Revised Rules of Procedure for Small Claims Cases

b. Regional Trial Court

ORIGINAL
 Pursuant to the Batas Pambansa 129 Sec. 21, Regional Trial Courts shall exercise original
jurisdiction:
(1) In the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus
and injunction which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions; and
(2) In actions affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls.

EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL
 Pursuant to BP 129, Sec. 19 (as amended by RA 7691 Sec. 1), Regional Trial Courts shall
exercise exclusive original jurisdiction:
(1) In all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation;
(2) In all civil actions which involve the title to, or possession of, real property, or any interest
therein, where the assessed value of the property involved exceeds Twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000.00) or for civil actions in Metro Manila, where such the value exceeds Fifty thousand
pesos (50,000.00) except actions for forcible entry into and unlawful detainer of lands or
buildings, original jurisdiction over which is conferred upon Metropolitan Trial Courts,
Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts;
(3) In all actions in admiralty and maritime jurisdiction where he demand or claim exceeds One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) or , in Metro Manila, where such demand or claim
exceeds Two hundred thousand pesos (200,000.00);
(4) In all matters of probate, both testate and intestate, where the gross value of the estate
exceeds One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) or, in probate matters in Metro Manila,
where such gross value exceeds Two hundred thousand pesos (200,000.00);
(5) In all actions involving the contract of marriage and marital relations;
(6) In all cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal, person or body
exercising jurisdiction or any court, tribunal, person or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial
functions;
(7) In all civil actions and special proceedings falling within the exclusive original jurisdiction of
a Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court and of the Courts of Agrarian Relations as now
provided by law; and
(8) In all other cases in which the demand, exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind,
attorney's fees, litigation expenses, and costs or the value of the property in controversy exceeds
One hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) or, in such other abovementioned items exceeds Two
hundred thousand pesos (200,000.00). (as amended by R.A. No. 7691*)

Additional:
 RA 8799 5.2. – The Commission’s jurisdiction over all cases enumerated under section 5 of
Presidential Decree No. 902-A is hereby transferred to the Courts of general jurisdiction or
the appropriate Regional Trial Court: Provided, That the Supreme Court in the exercise of its
authority may designate the Regional Trial Court branches that shall exercise jurisdiction
over the cases. The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending cases involving intra-
corporate disputes submitted for final resolution which should be resolved within one (1)
year from the enactment of this Code. The Commission shall retain jurisdiction over pending
suspension of payment/rehabilitation cases filed as of 30 June 2000 until finally disposed.

o PD No. 902-A Sec. 5 – In addition to the regulatory and adjudicative functions of the
Securities and Exchange Commission over corporations, partnerships and other forms
of associations registered with it as expressly granted under existing laws and
decrees, it shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide cases
involving.
(a) Devices or schemes employed by or any acts, of the board of directors, business
associates, its officers or partnership, amounting to fraud and misrepresentation which
may be detrimental to the interest of the public and/or of the stockholder, partners,
members of associations or organizations registered with the Commission;
 (b) Controversies arising out of intra-corporate or partnership relations, between and
among stockholders, members, or associates; between any or all of them and the
corporation, partnership or association of which they are stockholders, members or
associates, respectively; and between such corporation, partnership or association and the
state insofar as it concerns their individual franchise or right to exist as such entity; and
(c) Controversies in the election or appointments of directors, trustees, officers or
managers of such corporations, partnerships or associations.

CONCURRENT JURSIDICTION
 Pursuant to the Batas Pambansa 129 Sec. 21, Regional Trial Courts shall exercise original
jurisdiction:
(1) In the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus,
and injunction which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions; and
(2) In actions affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls.

Take note of the following:

 Rules of Court, Rule 65 Sec. 1, 2, and 3 – Writs of certiorari, prohibition, and mandamus
 Rules of Court, Rule 66 – quo warranto (special civil action)
 Rules of Court, Rule 102 – habeas corpus
 Miriam College Foundation, Inc v. Court of Appeals – injunction (As an extraordinary
remedy, an injunction is calculated to preserve or maintain the status quo of things and is
generally availed of to prevent actual or threatened acts, until the merits of the case can
be heard.)

c. Court of Tax Appeals (RA 1125)

Court of Tax Appeals (division)
EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL
 Pursuant to the Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals, Rule 4 Sec. 3 (c)(1), the Court of
Tax Appeals shall have the exclusive jurisdiction over cases, to wit:
(c) Original jurisdiction in tax collection cases involving final and executory assessments for
taxes, fees, charges, and penalties, where the principal amount of taxes and fees, exclusive of
charges and penalties, claimed is one million pesos or more.
 Pursuant to the Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals, Rule 4 Sec. 3 (b)(1), the Court of
Tax Appeals shall have the exclusive jurisdiction over cases involving criminal offenses, to
wit:
(b) Original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses arising from violations of the National Internal
Revenue Code or Tariff and Customs Code and other laws administered by the Bureau of
Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs, where the principal amount of taxes and fees,
exclusive of charges and penalties, claimed is one million pesos or more.
o To determine the amount, do not include the charge or penalties, only include the
taxes and fees
Take note of the following legal basis of the CTA:
 Republic Act No. 1125 – An Act Creating the Court of Tax Appeals
 Republic Act No. 3457 – An Act to Amend Section One of Republic Act Numbered One
Thousand One Hundred and Twenty-Five, Entitled "An Act Creating the Court of Tax
Appeals," and for Other Purposes
 Republic Act No. 9282 – AN ACT EXPANDING THE JURISDICTION OF THE
COURT OF TAX APPEALS (CTA), ELEVATING ITS RANK TO THE LEVEL OF A
COLLEGIATE COURT WITH SPECIAL JURISDICTION AND ENLARGING ITS
MEMBERSHIP, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE CERTAIN SECTIONS OR
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1125, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LAW
CREATING THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 Republic Act. No. 9503 – AN ACT ENLARGING THE ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE OF THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE
CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THE LAW CREATING THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
o RA 9503, Sec. 2 – "SEC. 2. Sitting En Banc or Division; Quorum; Proceedings. -
The CTA may sit en banc or in three (3) Divisions, each Division consisting of
three (3) Justices.
 A.M. No. 05-11-07 CTA – Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals

d. Sandiganbayan
Take note of the following legal basis of Sandiganbayan:
 RA No. 10660 – An Act Strengthening Further the Functional and Structural
Organization of the Sandiganbayan, Further Amending Presidential Decree No. 1606, as
Amended, and Appropriating Funds Therefor

EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL
 Pursuant to RA No. 10660, Sec. 2 (amended PD No.1606), which states that the
Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases involving:
"a. Violations of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and
Corrupt Practices Act, Republic Act No. 1379, and Chapter II, Section 2, Title VII, Book II of
the Revised Penal Code, where one or more of the accused are officials occupying the following
positions in the government, whether in a permanent, acting or interim capacity, at the time of
the commission of the offense:

"(1) Officials of the executive branch occupying the positions of regional director and
higher, otherwise classified as Grade ’27’ and higher, of the Compensation and Position
Classification Act of 1989 (Republic Act No. 6758), specifically including:

"(a) Provincial governors, vice-governors, members of the sangguniang

panlalawigan, and provincial treasurers, assessors, engineers, and other provincial
department heads:
"(b) City mayors, vice-mayors, members of the sangguniang panlungsod, city
treasurers, assessors, engineers, and other city department heads;
"(c) Officials of the diplomatic service occupying the position of consul and
higher;
"(d) Philippine army and air force colonels, naval captains, and all officers of
higher rank;
"(e) Officers of the Philippine National Police while occupying the position of
provincial director and those holding the rank of senior superintendent and higher;
"(f) City and provincial prosecutors and their assistants, and officials and
prosecutors in the Office of the Ombudsman and special prosecutor;
"(g) Presidents, directors or trustees, or managers of government-owned or
controlled corporations, state universities or educational institutions or
foundations.

"(2) Members of Congress and officials thereof classified as Grade ’27’ and higher under
the Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989;
"(3) Members of the judiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the Constitution;
"(4) Chairmen and members of the Constitutional Commissions, without prejudice to the
provisions of the Constitution; and
"(5) All other national and local officials classified as Grade ’27’ and higher under the
Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989.
"b. Other offenses or felonies whether simple or complexed with other crimes committed by the
public officials and employees mentioned in subsection a. of this section in relation to their
office.

"c. Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with Executive Order Nos. 1, 2,
14 and 14-A, issued in 1986.

"Provided, That the Regional Trial Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction where the
information: (a) does not allege any damage to the government or any bribery; or (b) alleges
damage to the government or bribery arising from the same or closely related transactions or acts
in an amount not exceeding One million pesos (P1,000,000.00).

"Subject to the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court, the cases falling under the jurisdiction
of the Regional Trial Court under this section shall be tried in a judicial region other than where
the official holds office.

"In cases where none of the accused are occupying positions corresponding to Salary Grade ’27’
or higher, as prescribed in the said Republic Act No. 6758, or military and PNP officers
mentioned above, exclusive original jurisdiction thereof shall be vested in the proper regional
trial court, metropolitan trial court, municipal trial court, and municipal circuit trial court, as the
case may be, pursuant to their respective jurisdictions as provided in Batas Pambansa Blg. 129,
as amended.

"The Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments,
resolutions or orders of regional trial courts whether in the exercise of their own original
jurisdiction or of their appellate jurisdiction as herein provided.

"The Sandiganbayan shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of
the writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, injunctions, and other ancillary
writs and processes in aid of its appellate jurisdiction and over petitions of similar nature,
including quo warranto, arising or that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed under
Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, issued in 1986: Provided, That the jurisdiction over
these petitions shall not be exclusive of the Supreme Court.

"The procedure prescribed in Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, as well as the implementing rules that
the Supreme Court has promulgated and may hereafter promulgate, relative to appeals/petitions
for review to the Court of Appeals, shall apply to appeals and petitions for review filed with the
Sandiganbayan. In all cases elevated to the Sandiganbayan and from the Sandiganbayan to the
Supreme Court, the Office of the Ombudsman, through its special prosecutor, shall represent the
People of the Philippines, except in cases filed pursuant to Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-
A, issued in 1986.

"In case private individuals are charged as co-principals, accomplices or accessories with the
public officers or employees, including those employed in government-owned or controlled
corporations, they shall be tried jointly with said public officers and employees in the proper
courts which shall exercise exclusive jurisdiction over them.

"Any provisions of law or Rules of Court to the contrary notwithstanding, the criminal action
and the corresponding civil action for the recovery of civil liability shall at all times be
simultaneously instituted with, and jointly determined in, the same proceeding by the
Sandiganbayan or the appropriate courts, the filing of the criminal action being deemed to
necessarily carry with it the filing of the civil action, and no right to reserve the filing of such
civil action separately from the criminal action shall be recognized: Provided, however, That
where the civil action had heretofore been filed separately but judgment therein has not yet been
rendered, and the criminal case is hereafter filed with the Sandiganbayan or the appropriate
court, said civil action shall be transferred to the Sandiganbayan or the appropriate court, as the
case may be, for consolidation and joint determination with the criminal action, otherwise the
separate civil action shall be deemed abandoned."

 Bribery (Chapter II, Sec. 2, Title VII, Book II, RPC) where one or more of the principal
accused are occupying the following positions in the government, whether in permanent,
acting or interim capacity at the time of the commission of the offense
1. Officials of the executive branch occupying the positions of regional director and higher,
otherwise classified as Grade 27 and higher, of the Compensation and Position Classification Act
of 1989 (RA 6758), specifically including:
 Provincial governors, vice governors, members of the sangguniang panlalawigan, and
provincial treasurers, assessors, engineers, and other provincial department heads
 City mayors, vice-mayors, members of the sangguniang panlungsod, city treasurers,
assessors, engineers, and other city department heads
 Officials of the diplomatic service occupying the position of consul and higher
 Philippine army and air force colonels, naval captains, and all officers of higher rank;
 Officers of the Philippine National
 Police while occupying the position of provincial director and those holding the rank of
senior superintendent and higher
  City and provincial prosecutors and their assistants, and officials and prosecutors in the
Office of the Ombudsman and special prosecutor;
 Presidents, directors or trustees, or managers of government-owned or controlled
corporations, state universities or educational institutions or foundations

2. Members of Congress and officials thereof classified as G-27 and up under RA 6758
3. Members of the Judiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the Constitution
4. Chairmen and Members of the Constitutional Commissions without prejudice to the
provisions of the Constitution
5. All other national and local officials classified as Grade 27 and higher under RA 6758
(d) Other offenses or felonies committed by the public officials and employees mentioned in Sec.
4(a) of RA 7975 as amended by RA 8249 in relation to their office
(e) Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with EO Nos. 1, 2, 14-A (Sec. 4,
RA 8249)

 Other offenses or felonies committed by the public officials and employees mentioned in
Sec. 4(a) of RA 7975 as amended by RA 8249 in relation to their office
 Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with EO Nos. 1, 2, 14-A (Sec. 4,
RA 8249)
 Petitions for mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, injunctions, and other
ancillary writs and processes in aid of its appellate jurisdiction, and petitions of similar
nature, including quo warranto, arising or that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed
under Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, issued in 1986 [Sec. 4, P.D. 1606, as amended
by R.A. 10660]

e. Court of Appeals
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION
 Pursuant to BP 129, Sec. 9, it states that the Court of Appeals shall exercise exclusive
original jurisdiction over actions for annulment of judgments of Regional Trial Courts.

CONCURRENT
 With SC to issue writs of certiorari, prohibition and mandamus against the RTC, CSC,
CBAA, other quasi-judicial agencies mentioned in Rule 43, and the NLRC, and writ of
kalikasan.
 With the SC, Sandiganbayan, RTC, and Shari-ah to issue writs of certiorari, prohibition and
mandamus against lower courts and bodies and writs of quo warranto, habeas corpus,
whether or not in aid of its appellate jurisdiction, and writ of continuing mandamus on
environmental cases.
 With the SC, RTC and Sandiganbayan for petitions for writs of amparo and habeas data
 Freeze order over illegally-acquired properties (RA 1379)
 Cases falling under RA 4200
 The CA also has concurrent original jurisdiction over petitions for issuanceof writ of amparo,
writ of habeas data, and writ of kalikasan (Anama vs. Citibank, GR No. 192048,
12/13/2017).

f. Supreme Court
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION
 The Supreme Court (SC) has exclusive original jurisdiction over cases affecting
ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition
and mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus (Section 5[1], Article VIII, Constitution).

CONCURRENT
 With Court of Appeals in petitions for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus against the RTC,
CSC, Central Board of Assessment Appeals, NLRC, Quasi-judicial agencies, and writ of
kalikasan, all subject to the doctrine of hierarchy of courts.
 With the CA, Sandiganbayan, RTC, and Shari-ah in petitions for certiorari, prohibition and
mandamus against lower courts and bodies; and in petitions for quo warranto, and writs of
habeas corpus, all subject to the doctrine of hierarchy of courts.
 With CA, RTC and Sandiganbayan for petitions for writs of amparo and habeas data
 Concurrent original jurisdiction with the RTC in cases affecting ambassadors, public
ministers and consuls.

2. How is jurisdiction acquired by the courts on cases involving:

a. over the subject matter

 It is the power to deal with the general subject involved in the action, and means not simply
jurisdiction of the particular case then occupying the attention of the court but jurisdiction of
the class of cases to which the particular case belongs. It is the power or authority to hear and
determine cases to which the proceeding in question belongs.
 Jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case is conferred by law and determined by the
allegations in the complaint which comprise a concise statement of the ultimate facts
 constituting the plaintiff's cause of action. [Medical Plaza Makati Condominium v. Cullen,
G.R. No. 181416 (2013)]
 The allegations in the body of the complaint define the cause of action. The caption or title of
the cause of action is not controlling. [Dela Cruz v. CA, G.R. No. 139442 (2006)]

b. over issues

 Generally, jurisdiction over the issues is conferred and determined by the pleadings
(initiatory pleadings or complaint and not the answer) of the parties. The pleadings present
the issues to be tried and determine whether or not the issues are of fact or law. [Reyes v.
Diaz, G.R. No. L-
48754 (1941)]
 Jurisdiction over the issues may also be determined and conferred by stipulation of the
parties as when in the pre-trial, the parties enter into stipulations of facts and documents or
enter into agreement simplifying the issues of the case. [Sec. 2(c), Rule 18]
 It may also be conferred by waiver or failure to object to the presentation of evidence on a
matter not raised in the pleadings. Here, the parties try with their express or implied consent
issues not raised by the pleadings. The issues tried shall be treated in all respects as if they
had been raised in the pleadings. [Sec. 5, Rule 10] [1 Riano 83-84, 2016 Bantam Ed.]

c. if the subject of the case is a property in litigation

 Jurisdiction over the res refers to the court’s jurisdiction over the thing or the property which
is the subject of the action. Jurisdiction over the res may be acquired by the court by placing
the property or thing under its custody (custodia legis). Example: attachment of property. It
may also be acquired by the court through statutory authority conferring upon it the power to
deal with the property or thing within the court’s territorial jurisdiction. Example: suits
involving the status of the parties or suits involving the property in the Philippines of non-
resident defendants.
 Jurisdiction over the res is acquired by the seizure of the thing under legal process whereby
it is brought into actual custody of law, or it may result from the institution of a legal
proceeding wherein the power of the court over the thing is recognized and made effective
(Banco Español Filipino vs. Palanca, 37 Phil. 291).

d. over the parties by a particular court

 Jurisdiction over the parties refers to the power of the court to make decisions that are
binding on persons. [De Pedro v. Romansan Development Corp, G.R. No. 194751
(2014)]
 Jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired by his filing of the complaint or petition and the
payment of correct docket fee. By doing so, he submits himself to the jurisdiction of the
court.
 Jurisdiction over the person of the defendant is obtained either by a valid service of
summons upon him or by his voluntary submission to the court’s authority.
 The mode of acquisition of jurisdiction over the plaintiff and the defendant applies to
both ordinary and special civil actions like mandamus or unlawful detainer cases.