vu EG Colours) Scroolitems, Numbers, Daysand Months, Time, Prepositions of place, Parts of the body INTRODUCTION Adjectives of description Famil OR) Subjectpronouns Plural nouns, this, that, these, those, Wh-questions tobe, have got Possessive adjectives Saxon genitive SKILLS Bees) Celebrity Lookalikes Awebpage Mitror Tons ‘Amagazine article Routines Present Simple affirmative Unschooling supesaow) School subjects ‘Adverbs of frequency Asocial media post Oishe | aa Time expressions School. butDiferene’ — (# ‘Amagazine article 3 a Actes Prsensimlerecaveand [en oiFoum Food interrogative Bee Present simperevision Fo the Sento ed Anantcle | aie eee Cee eee Places around town Present Continuous las Place Film genres Present Simple / ‘Ablog post Present Continuous Fantastic Beasts nH | ATV guide page eae ‘The home Thereis / There are Hotels ws Holiday Homes chy Geographical feetires Articles and quantifiers An intemet poll 5 NA ices somes Paces paseso oe 2 sport «an, Adverbs of manner Female athletes ni Clothes must,musta’t Celebrity profiles eae Onlin Ere Oi) Anadvice column GSTePaee e eeoed Thewesther Past tobe TheWeothermon ab animals Therewas (There were ANFAO page zane oxen) ‘Adjectives of personality 8 UCC verbs DIFFERENCE | Segara 3: “Clothes and accessories Food and tableware One stipesuow, Alte | ie) TIME TO | CELEBRATE page 92 Past Simple affirmative: regular verbs Past Simple affirmative: itregularverbs begoing to Present Continuous with Future meaning i PaTsWew cae eS Eiekarunen Animalsin Sumatra ‘Aschool project, ‘An Unusual Friendship Ananticle Ancient Roman Inventions webpage: ou since Opinion Page An opinion page ‘A Medieval Banquet An e-mail FASTFINISHERS page 1s CULTURE QUIZZES page 113, PAIRWORK APPENDIX page 123. | PRONUNCIATION APPENDIX page* KEY COMPETENCES: | ngustc ? maths ccloncoand technology 4 dtl learingtolearn 9 soeiland cic # initatveandenepreneursip 7 cultural feu MU stag Uyeda a ee | ea ay Classroom language Beecscfcseiies Desig people Apeconl prone J obie Phones Secceccttamiy Takngaboutphotogophs —Copitaletes = moo Contacto Osi aie a fp LIFE SHILLS vapto: AA Talking about rutnes Apostaboutyour fAter School his Soest ——Devenbngyursehool day week —— Lk were | Pepstonsorine BE GUE | — Opes, " [WEaSn) on about Talking about activities Asummary of Food in Britain. a tiviti Talking about likes and dislikes survey results Lele oes Iona questions Petition 7 Words ue SIP ] Ordeinga ea A film review GinemaTTime ae lm im Word order OUR. | t iat cas SIU) sisi a Giving directions description of Getting Around saat Describing pictures Sate ar) 1234 DAL Linking words Pee 1 LIFE SKILLS VIDEO: } cle nnd aK REO Talking about abilities Anadvertfor Riding Bikes Explaining rules ~ acompetition Suen | 1 34 Weakforms — Curescuis | adverbs ofdegree OSU TLRE | whit /msst/, /"masnt Wires at Pan Talking about the weather ‘report aboutan Wild Animals Expressing opinions anil esol nHeao Ww Referencing sone} che? OSBE) t Describing past events Anarrative Let's shopping! — Asking for information Connectorsof ees . 1 a4 ay Mt sequence OTESERS: ) FF SS NIE od EE SW Run Talking about events Ablogentyabout ff Shakespeare ay "aking bout pans anevent Oe) 1H oo ; ees Teemu AM OUT 5 67 (PRG GRAMMAR EXTENSION page 129 LANGUAGE LAB page 135LANGUAGE x @e vay old short small straight good-looking light long nose cousin father grandfather grandmother mother fifteen sixteen forty fifty ten seventeen sixty eleven eighteen seventy twelve nineteen eighty. thirteen twenty ninety fourteen thirty ‘one hundred + My grandfather is almost 90, He's old /young / curly, = er hairis tall ‘small /long. 2 Youreyes are blue. They're fat/light / straight. © Your father’ sisters your grandmother /uncle aunt, = Youruncle’s children are your brothers / cousins / sisters. wen Gimme: (Zc) coutasosarive exouecr Earns + lamshort. Heistall, They are young, - | tmnt ft. Heisn’tthin, We aren’t ugly. | Am | good-looking? 2 Isshe beautiful? ‘Are they in Year 8? Yes, am. / No, 'm not. - YS, weate. /No, we aren't Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. aa + She has gotlong hair. We have got dark eyes, = thaven'tgot a dog. He hasn't got small ears. 2 Hashegota snack? Have they got books? “Yes thave. /No, haven't _ Yes, she has. /No, she hasn't | ‘my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their | the girls father ‘the girls’ father the children’s father 1 My brotherisn’t /am not / aren’t short. 2 Wehave got /has got / hasn't got brown eyes 3 They have got /is /are beautiful. 4 She's got dark hair and his /her /its eyes are blue. 5 Toms /Toms'/Tom’s father stall > describe people ri > talk about photographs > write a personal profile (SmsWU Va Sea goto schoo! havea shower have breakfast have dinner have lunch make a snack study with friends tidy my room walk the dog watch TV BS —oclock met past Is quarter to. les quarter past. French music geography science history sport literature maths en rubber pencil ruler pencil case schoolbag pencil sharpener ebook. + getup/have dinner / go to school in the evening. = fen do homework / tidy my room / watch TV ster school. My favourite programme is The Simpsons. = © the morning, |have a shower and then | get dressed / g0 to bed /have lunch. © We sometimes do experiments in our music / science / maths lessons, = w= learn about past events in our drama /art /history lessons. (GG) couasosarsveproaecr Ean | study French and English. She rides her bike to school. ALWAYS USUALLY OFTEN SOMETIMES —RaneLy EVER 100% Ox every day / week / year once / twice / three times /a day / week / year ‘on Sundays, in the morning / afternoon / evening at night /the weekend at 8 o'clock 1 1/You/She does homework after school. 2 He never tidy / tidys / tidies his room. 3 They watchs / watch / watches TV after school. 4 We always / usually / never have lunch at school. We go home to eat every day, 5 You go to bed every year / once a week / at night. LSS > talk about routines > describe my school day 3 > write a post about my week pares ptsGRAMMAR make videos play the guitar 4, [chatontine every day. feos neals meet friends read magazines She goes to the cinema at the weekend, Beso playcomputer ride abike Se seoping ‘games send messages ___ He doesn’t eat chips. “eetecinema play football surf the web They don't like eggs. wo music t 2, Deyoumeet friends after school? Does she play football? Yes, do. /No, I don’t. ham. potato | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. hamburger rice Juice salad ‘onion soup orange ‘tomato 1 Hego/ goes / don’t go shopping once a week. 2 We play often / don't play often / don’t often play football 3 Yourride / Does you ride / Do you ride a bike? Saturday 4 Imot eat /don’t eat /doesn't eat hamburgers. Friday Sunday 5 Does she like / Do she likes / She likes tomato soup? > talk about activities - ') Sexcossnttread magazines /send messages / ‘goto the cinema because he doesnt like watching films. > talk about tikes and dislikes =e nt play football. dont lke doing sport / ‘Stening to music/ making videos. ‘Salad / Juice / Soup is usually hot. ‘ee use bread /chips /rice to make a sandwich. Apples / Onions / Potatoes ate a type of fruit. > writea summary of survey results Go] sie} GE) encaverve moverhospital port hotel festaurant library shopping centre ‘museum sports centre park supermarket police station train station egg pile ham potato hamburger rice juice salad onion soup orange tomato musical romance science-fiction, western documentary drama fantasy “Sectors workin libre department stores, copie often go to restaurants / sports centres / ieemas to have dinner. "© S=Suy food at the hotel / museum / supermarket. “horror / science-fiction / action film is usually about fRefuture. ‘western / comedy / documentary is funny. ann | Lam buying a pie now. + Sheis eating a benana now. They are sitting in a café now. im not drinking juice at the moment, = Heisn't riding a bike now. We aren‘t watching a drama right now. ‘Am | going to church today? ‘Are you walking at the moment? "Is she studying right now? | Yes, Lam. No, 'm not. Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. |11go to the park every day. Tm eating ata restaurant now. 1 We am staying /is staying / are staying ata hotel now. 2 Heisdoing /isn’t doing / aren't doing sport at the sports centre because it's closed today. 3 Where you are going / you aren’t going / are you going? 4 {not watch / don’t watch / am not watching horror films at night. 5 She sleep / sleeps /is sleeping now: > order a meat > talk about a film > write a film review UILDERS:dining room fet fridge garage garden kitchen living room in on in front of opposite next to under island lake ‘mountain ‘ocean sand dune valley volcano waterfall river Back grey red cee orange white Brown pink yellow een purple * You cook meal in the dining room /kitehen / bedroom. 2 There's usuallya bed / sofa /fridge in the living room. 3 You wash your hands in a cupboard /rug/ sink, # Anisland/A valley /A desert has got water al around it, 5 There are trees in alake / forest / volcano. eae (GE) coussosirive rraaeer mua aunt There is a bathroom. + There is an orange chair, There are some shelves. There isn’t a table in the kitchen, There aren't any sofas inthe living room, 7. Isthere a cupboard in the bedroom? Ate there any chairs in the dining room? Yes, theres. / No, there isn’t. Yes, there are. /No, there: ‘+ There is some furniture, There isn’t any time. 2 Isthere any water? Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t, 1 There is /There are /There isnt four chairs in the dining room, 2 Isthere / There are / There isn’t a bed in the room? 3 There isnt some /the / any water in the fridge, 4 There is / There are /There aren't some waterfallsin the ‘mountains. 5 There is a/an / some nice beach near here. i OE) give directions > describe pictures > write a description of a country = isEas gymnastics skateboarding it skiing judo snowboarding = She can't play tennis, jump ‘swimming 1 kkick tennis running throw Yes they can. No, they can’t + ean do judo. 2 Can they swim? make videos read magazines | can dance beautifully. meet friends ride abike can ski well. playcomputer send messages, one sith web ie Ss Sa ad cnema play football pute allow + Youmust wear trainers, = You mustn't run in sandals, shies ifainers 1 You can / You can't/Can you hit the ball hard? shorts ‘trousers 2 They can ski good / well / bad. skirt Tshirt 3 She can run quickly / quickly run /run quick. socks underwear 4 can / must / can’t play the guitar, but | want to learn. 5 You can / must / mustn't wear a sweater. it’s cold outside. |. you mustn't throw / kick / catch the ball, Seating eng gers eye > talk about abi > explain rules go swimming / cycling / climbing in water. ‘ec2r socks / shorts / trousers on your feet. maser) et otcit on your head > write an advert for a competition (Eo) swe} (Eo) coosarve rec) GE} wort TO/IS AND ACTIVITIES. MFRS) prALOGUE suTLDERSemu ice temperature lightning thunder warm snow wet storm wind sun fog reptile horse shark insect sheep lion snake mammal spider mouse / mice tiger pig turtle rabbit whale sand dune lake valley ‘mountain volcano ocean waterfall “Seescold / hot / warm and there was snow. “se peer fog /lightning / thunder. "= S22 isa bird /an insect / a mammal. “Sparks / Rabbits / Cows live in oceans. “Spiders / Ducks / Sheep are mammals. cane) (QE) counsonarve resect) (E/E) oven cri ) Een twas cold last night. * The streets were wet yesterday morning. ___ The weather wasn't good. They weren't hot. 17 Wasitcloudy yesterday? Were you warm? ‘Yes, itwas. / No, it wasn't. ‘Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. ‘There was a whale near the beach yesterday. ‘There were some frogs in the lake. ‘There wasn't any rain yesterday. ‘There weren't any storms last week. 2 Was there an elephant in the zoo? Were there any rabbits in the pet shop last year? Yes, there were. / No, there weren't. Yes, there was. / No, there wasn't. 1 Wewas / were / wasn’t wet from the rain. 2 Itwas/Itwasn't /Wasit snowy yesterday? 3 There were /There weren't / There wasn't any frogsin the river. 4 There was / There were / There weren't snow in our garden. 5 There were / There weren't / Were there snakes in the park? > talk about the weather > express opinions > write a report about an animalNGUAGE , a ae friendly funny generous hard-working honest kind disappear discover end receive fy save happen French geography history literature "= cerry that heavy box. | am very weak / strong / kind, _Se= doesn't work hard. Hes honest / generous lazy. "rer birthday, my mother received / protected / Seoyed flowers, ‘yendfather happened / built / began our house, ‘Sm ended / invented / saved. Then, everyone went ore, (EG) coussosarive reoecr inns | discovered this website yesterday. + My friends carried my books to school yesterday. ‘My mother planned our trip last summer. I sawa tornado yesterday. + Theyheard the song last night. The lesson began at 9 o'clock. 1 My father ... (invent) a new machine last month. 2 We... (study) for our history test lastnight. 3 They... (eat) hamburgers yesterday, 4 The car... (stop) in front of the shop. 5 Kate... fly) to China last year. > describe past events r 2 hd > ask for information fe a eA 9 lara Re (Go/Ts) axa racic) Cs Ess ahairband ring handbag scarf jewellery suit leggings sunglasses make-up umbrella necklace sandals sweater shirt swimsuit shoes trainers shorts trousers skirt Tshirt socks underwear class pork icecream sausage knife serviette lamb spoon ‘mushroom steak plate toast sexs bracelet / scarf / suit around your neck, ‘sonst were cold, ol wore earrings / glasses / gloves. since / cap / handbag is a type of jewellery. cat seek with a fork / knife / spoon. Beef / Pork is meat from a cow. lam going to have a party next week. He is going to order pizza in an hour. She isn't going to have ice cream tonight. ‘They aren't going to study together this week ‘Are you going to eat at the café? Is he going to buy a cake later? Yes, 1am. / No, he isn't. ? Jam watching a film with Tom at the weekend. She is having a party tomorrow. __ He isn’t taking a trip with us next week. We aren‘t meeting tonight. Is Kote leaving at 7 otclock? Are they doing sport this afternoon? Yes, she is./ No, they aren't. 1 My friends am going to be /is going tobe/ are going to be atthe party. 2 isn’t having /am having / going to have steak for dinner tonight. 3 What you are doing / are you doing / you doing tonight? | 4 Tom’ father are wearing /isn't going to wear / 7 not wearing a suit tomorrow, just trousers and a shirt. 5 We going to buy / buying / are going to buy some cream. CE) > talk about events > talk about plans > write a blog entry about an eventINTRODUCTION Los pronombres personales sujeto 1 yo you td, usted a ella ello nosotros/es you —_vosotros/as ustedes they ellos/as res « Hacen de sujeto y nunca pueden faltar para que la coracion sea correcta y tenga sentido. Ihave gota new schoolbag. Its red. Tengo una mochila nueva. Es roja.) Evais talian. Shes thirteen. (Evaes italiana. Tiene trece afios) » Recuerda que Isiempre se escribe en mayuiscula y que jt (que se reflere a cosas 0 animales) no se suele traduci- El plural de los sustantivos Elplural regular |. Seforma afadiendo una -s al sustantivo singular book-books pencil-pencils computer-compurers = Siacaba en s,x,z, sh 0 ch, se afade es. bus- buses box- boxes «A algunos sustantivos terminados en ose es ahade -€5 fomato-tomatoes (pero piano- pianos) « Siacaba en consonante + y, se cambia lay por antes de afiadir-es. country-countries «= Pero si acaba en vocal + y, solo se afiade-S. day- days boy- boys «En la mayorfa de ls terminados en fo fe, se cambian estas letras por una v antes de afta -es shelf- shelves knife- knives Elplural irregular «Ei plural de algunos sustantivos se forma sin segult ninguna regla asi que hay que aprenderfos de memoria child (nifio/a) children (nfios/as) rman (nombre) - men hombres) ‘woman (mujer) -women (mujeres) ‘person (persona) - people (persons) foot (pie)-feet (pies) ‘mouse (raton) -mice (ratones) sheep (oveje)~sheep (ovelas] dictionary - dictionaries a REE this, that, these, those this _este/esta/ esto that ese/esa /es0 0 aquel / aquella / aquello. ‘Se refieren a nombres contables en singular y @ those esos / esas o aquellos / aquellas ‘Solo para nombres contables en plural. + indican sil sustantivo al que se refieren esté cerca © jos del hablante. + Cuando son pronombres, van solos. This isrny hand. (Esta es mi mano.) That is her brother. (Ese es su hermano) These are my markers. (Estos son mis rotuladores} ‘Those are her pens. (Aquellos son sus boligrafos.) |. Funcionan como adijetivos cuando van delante de un sustantivo, En este caso, this y that solo se traducen ‘comoeste/a"“ese/a" o“aquel / aquella, nunca como esto" ‘es0" o”aquello’ This colours nice. Este color es bonito} That girlis tall. (Esa chica es alta.) ‘These books are new. (Estos libros son nuevos.) Those chairs are red, (Aquellassillas son rojas) Las particulas interrogativas Who-.? {Quiénies..2 Whois hersister? What is your favourite city? a Yaanda 2 | When is his birthday? Where ..? : onde? Where isthe dictionary? Poa? Why are you at school? «Se utlizan al principio de las preguntas que no se pueden contestar con un“si"o un”No™Cm) lam - Youare Heis leis Weare Youare They are t lam not You are not Heisnot She is not Itisnot We are not Youare not ‘Areyou...? Ishe..? Isshe..? Isit..? Are we.. ‘Are you ..? Are they .? aam). # UNIT 1 El verbo to be en presente tree I'm You're Hes She's Ws We're You're They're fattened Vm not You aren't Heisn't She isn’t Itisn't We aren't You aren't They aren't en ‘Afirmativa Yes,lam, No, 'm not. Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Yes,heis, No, he isn't. Yes, she is. No, she isn’t, Yes, itis No, it isn't Yes, we are. No, we aren't. Yes, youare, No, you aren't. Yes,theyare. No, they aren't. Significa principalmente“ser" o“estar’ + Afirmativa: sujeto + am / is/are. Es el Unico verbo que tiene tres formas distintas en el presente. Las formas contraidas se usan més en la conversacién. He is my friend. (El es mi amigo.) + Negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + la particula not ola contraccin n't (que se puede afadira is ya are, pero no ‘Tm nota teacher. (No soy (una) profesora) + Interrogativa: Am /Is/ Are + sujeto, Are your books nev? (zTus libros son nuevos?) Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + am /is/are 0 ‘mnot /isn’t/ aren't. Is this your diary? Yes, itis. ‘No, itisn’t. (Esta es tu agenda? Si. /No) Los usos del verbo to be Descripciones y hechos generales Sentimientos y estados Edad Profesiones, religiones y nacionalidades Precios Medidas Tiempo atmosférico Bristol isin Engtand. (Bristol esté en Inglaterra) We are very happy. (Estamos muy contentos) She is twelve years old, (Ella tiene doce afos}) Heisan actor, (Eles (un) actor) How much isi? Its five euros. (Cudnto es? Son cinco euros) It two metres long, (Mide dos metros de largo) Itiscold. (Hace frio) Hverbo have got oo Forma contraida thave got Wve got You have got You've got He has got He's got She has got She's got thas got It’sgot We have got We've got Youhave got You've got They have got They've got Conn Ser Ihave not got Ihaven't got You have not got You haven't got Hehas not ot He hasn't got She has not got She hasn't got It has not got Ithasnt got We have not got We haven't got You have not got, You haven't got They have not got They haven't got | Respuestas breves amet Afirmativa—— Negativa Have | got Yes, | have. No, | haven't, Have yougot..? Yes,youhave. _No.youhaven't. Has he got... ? ‘Yes, he has. No, he hasn't. Hasshe got? Yes,shehas, No, hehasn't Has it got... ‘Yes, ithas. No, it hasn't. Have we got... 7 ‘Yes, we have. No, we haven't, Have yougot..? Yes, youhave. No, youhaven't. Have they got..?Yes,theyhave, No, they haven't Significa ‘tener’ Expresa lo que poseemos o las caracteristicas de alguien o algo cuando lo describimos.+ Afirmativa: sujeto + have ('ve) got o has (5) got. #UNIT2 Ihave gota cat, (Tengo un gato) El Present Simple en afirmativa + Negativa: sujeto + have / has + not on't + got. eg Dan hasn't got a pencil a (Ban no tiene (un) lpiz) ae + Interrogativa: Have / Has + sujeto+ got. ou Bey. Have you got a mobile phone? peeeys (Tienes (un) teléfono mévil?) She plays + Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal Itplays sujeto + have / has o haven't / hasn’t (sin got). We play fale ote peraie ereeLe XG play (El tiene un boligrafo rojo? Si. No) Ee They clay Los adjetivos posesivos + Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo en la forma base (infinitivo sin my | mimis to) en todas las personas menos en la 3° del singular, en = que que se afiade-s. your | A aur de usted) She listens to musicevery day. ace aeay (Ella escucha musica todos los dias) nar T su susidoeky En los siguientes casos, se afiade-es en vez de-s: its su, sus (de cosa o animal) Soar eer ee pass-passes wash-washes __mix-mixes ‘ ~Siacaba en 0: our. Yuestora, vuestros/as pes tae your su, sus (de ustedes) eae their su, sus (de ellos/as) -Siacaba en consonante +-y, se cambia la y por una i: study-studies carry-carries + Indican de quién es algo. + Siempre van delante del sustantivo que indica lo que se bosusas del resent Ne posee, sin importar el género ni el ntimero que tenga: Verdades generales | Thesun setsin the west. ‘my class, my books (mi clase, mis libros). yedescripciones_(Elsolse pone porel oeste) + En la 3* persona del singular hay tres formas, dependiendo Hechos habituales I walk to school everyday. de siel poseedor es de género masculino (his), femenino ocotidianos {Voy andando a colegio todos los (hero neutro (is) Shelikes por. einai Gustosy opiniones (a ella le gusta el deporte) El genitivo sajén The dass starts at 9.00 am. + Se emplea para indicar posesin y se usa con personas, Programas y horas (1 case empieza alas 9:00) animales o paises. Para formarlo, se afaden un apéstrofo (’) yuna. the boy's hair (el pelo del nifio) the cat’ legs (las patas del gato) Germany's food (la comida de Alemania) Los adverbios de frecuencia + Conel Present Simple se suelen utilizar los siguientes adverbios de frecuencia: + Siel sustantivo es un plural regular o acaba en s, se afiade always siempre solo’, pero sies un plural regular se afiade . usually normalmente the girl’ schoo! (el colegio de las ninias) often amenudo the women’s photo (la foto de las mujeres) ayneiias | aig havens averse rarely rara vez ever nunca + Siel nombre propio acaba en s, se puede afadir’o’s. James‘ James's car (el coche de James) + Con las cosas se usa of, no el genitivo sajén. the colour of the pencil (el color del lapiz) saul safe rr bio)«Estos adverbios expresan la frecuencia con la que se hace algo. Se colocan delante del verbo, pero siacompafan al verbo to be, se sitian detrés. Irarely watch TV. (Rara vez veo la television) Hes usually at our house. (Elesta normalmente en nuestra casa.) always exercisein the morning. (Siempre hago ejercicio poria manana) Las expresiones temporales + Conel Present Simple se suelen usar las siguientes expresiones temporales: every day / week / year (todos/as los/as dias / semanas / atios), once / twice a year (una / dos ‘yeces al aio}, on + dia de la semana en plural, at night (por la noche), in the morning (por la mafiana), in the summer (en verano), etc. Todas pueden iral principio oal final de la fase, pero se suelen poner al final We goto Cornwall in the summer. (Vamos a Cornwall en verano) #UNIT3 EI Present Simple en negativa ¢ interrogativa m7 iano | do not play I don't play Youdonot play You don't play He does not play _Hedoesn'tplay Shedoes notplay She doesn’t play Itdossnot play Itdoesn'tplay Wedonot play __ Wedon't play Youdo not play Youdon't play They donot play They don't play Dee LE Nicave saailiat Do! play .? Yes,1do, No, don't. Doyouplay..? _Yes,youdo. No, you don't. Doesheplay..?_ Yes, hedoes. No, he doesn't. Does she play..?_Yes, she does. No, she doesn't Doesitplay..? Yes, itdoes. No, it doesn’t Doweplay..? _ Yes,wedo. No, we don't. Doyouplay..?. Yes, you do. No, you don't, Dotheyplay..? Yes they do. No, they don't. + Negativa: sujeto + do/ does + not o n't + verbo en la forma base. My friend doesn't play the guitar. (Mi amiga no toca la guitarra) ed rags + Interrogativa: Do / Does + sujeto + verbo en la forma base. Sila pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de do / does. Do you study with friends? {gEstudias con amigos?) When do you go to piano lessons? (:Cuando vas a clases de piano?) + Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + do / does o don't / doesn't. Does she like ham? Yes, she does./No, she doesn't. (Aelia le gusta el jamén? Si./ No) Repaso del Present Simple ‘Merk walks his dog every morning. (Mark pasea a su perto todas las mafianas,) We don't go to school on Saturdays. (No vamos al colegio los sabados,) Do you often listen to music? (gEscuchas musica a menudo?) #UNIT4 El Present Continuous lam eating 1m eating Youare eating You're eating Heis eating He's eating She is eating She's eating Itis eating Wes eating We are eating We're eating Youare eating You're eating They are eating Theyte eating Lam not eating im not eating Youare not eating He is not eating She is not eating Itisnot eating We are not eating You aren't / You're not eating He isn't/ He's not eating She isn't / She's not eating Itisn’t/ It’s net eating We aren't / We're not eating You aren't You're not eating They aren't /They're not eating ee You are not eating They are not eating‘Afirmativa ‘Negative ‘Am|eating? Yes, lam. No, mnot. Areyoueating? Yes, youare. No, you aren't Ishe eating? Yes, hes, No, he isn't Issheeating? Yes, shes No, she isn't. Isiteating? Yes, itis. No, isnt Areweeating? Yes, weare. No, we aren't. Are you eating? Yes youare, No, you aren't Aretheyeating? Yes, they are. No they aren't. = Afirmativa: sujeto + am /is/ are + verbo terminado en -ing. They are speaking on the phone. (Estan hablando por telefono) Enos siguientes casos, hay que fjarse en estas reglas cortograficas para aftadir ing: -Siacaba en e muda, se pierde la e: live-fiving -Siesde 1 silaba y acaba en 1 vocal + 1 consonante que no sea w, xo y, se dobla esta consonante: run-running _sit-sitting -Sies de? silabas, tiene el acento en la titima y termina en 1 vocal + 1 consonante (que no sea w, xo y), se dobla la ultima consonante: zefer-referring _begin- beginning ~Siacaba en ie, se cambia fe por una y: lie- lying die-dying + Negativa: sujeto + am / is/are +a particula not o la contracci6n nt (que se puede afiadir ais ya are, perono 2am) + verbo terminado en -ing. En la conversacién suele usarse la forma contraida. He isn’t writing a letter. (Eino esté escribiendo una carta) + Interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto + verbo terminado en ing. Sila pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de am /is / are, Are you cleaning the house? (cEstés limpiando la casa?) What is she doing? (Qué esté haciendo ella?) + Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal sujeto-+ am /is/areo‘mnot /isn't/ aren't. Are they eating? Yes, they are./No, they aren't. (gEstén comiendo? Si./No) ‘al acts in your notebook. ) Los usos del Present Continuous Decirlo que esta ‘ocurriendo en el momento de hablar Expresar una accion Heiswatching TV. (Elesté viendo a tele) People are talking about the news. ‘temporal (La gente esta hablando de las noticias) Inthe picture, the manis reading a book. Describir fotos {Ena foto, el hombre esté leyendo un libro) + Conel Present Continuous se suelen usar las siguientes expresiones temporales: now (ahora), at the moment (en este momento), right now (justo ahora, ahora mismo), today (hoy), these days hoy en dia) this week (esta semana), etc Todas pueden ial principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final. We are working extra hours this week, (Esta semana estamos trabajando horas extra.) Contraste Present Simple / Present Continuous El Present Simple exoresa habitos, mientras que el Present Continuous indica lo que esté ocurriendo en el momento de hablar Jusually study at home, but today I'm studying at my friend's house. (Normalmente estudio en casa, pero hoy estoy estudiando en casa de mi amigo.) #UNITS Thereis / There are a There is a house. There are rooms. see eee Thereisn’ta toilet. There aren‘t beds Is there a fridge? Arethere tables? Yes, theres. /No, there isn't Yes, there are. /No, there aren't. Thereisn'tjuice. Isthere money? + Afirmativa: There is (ola contracclén There’) va seguido de nombres contables en singular ono contables. There are va seguido de nombres contables en plural ‘Amos se traducen como"Hay'. + Negativa: Thereis / There are + la particula not (There is not. There are not) o la contraccion n't (There isn't / There aren’ + Interrogativa: Is / Are + there «+ Respuestas breves: se pone there | is / are en afirmativa y there + isn't / aren't en negativa.Articulos y cuantificadores Con nombres contables y no contables. Se usa delante de un nombre que es conocido por the elhablante, ellaslos/as_[havegot ahouse. The house's ‘Se usan delante de un nombre que no es conocido por a/an el hablante. ‘a shelf. an armchair un/a esr _. Bete.a.unitorm Frases as Con nombres contables en plural y no contables, uunos/as some algunos/as There are some books. algo de A ‘ tinpocode ——_‘'Yegotsome fut. Frases negativas ¢ interrogativas: Con nombres contables en plural y no contables. ninginvuns " Taereaentany doctor: any [enose vaduce) (havent got any chocolate algn/una algunos/as Do youknow any songs? algo de Have you got any milk? (ono setraduce) #UNIT6 can {can play cannot play _Ican'tplay Youcan play Youcannet play You can't play He can play He cannot play Hecan't play Shecan play She cannot play She can't play Itcan play Itcannotplay _ Itcan't play We can play Wecannotplay Wecan’t play Youcan play Youcannot play You can't play Theycan play They cannot play . They can't play ee a se ee Can play? Yes, can, No,lean't Canyouplay? —_Yes,youcan. No, you can't. Canhe play? Yes, he can. No,he carr, Canshe play? Yes, shecan. No, she can't. Can it play? Yes, itean, No, it can't. Can we play? Yes, we can. ‘No, we can't Can you play? __Yes, youcan No, you can't. Canthey play? Yes, theycan. No, they can't. Este verbo modal significa "saber" o "poder", eu razah ‘Afirmativa: sujeto + can + verbo en la forma base, Como es un verbo modal, no se aiade-s en la 3° persona del singular. Jean jump from here. (58 / Puedo saltar desde aqui) Negativa: sujeto + cannot o la contraccién can’t + verbo enla forma base. ‘My brother can’t ride a bike. (Mi hermano no sabe / puede montar en bici) Interrogativa: Can + sujeto + verbo en la forma base. Can you repair my computer? (Puedes arreglarme el ordenador?) Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + can o can't. an you swim? Yes, Ican. /No, lean’. (@Sabes nadar? Si. /No) Los usos de can Habilidad o capacidad para We can speak English. hacer algo:“saber” (Sabemos hablar inglés) Posibilidad de hacer igo: /can call her now. “poder” (Puedo llamarla ahora.) Petici6n de permiso 0 ‘Can you close the door? favores:*poder” (Puedes cerrar la puerta?) Los adverbios de modo [ Adjetivo Adverbiodemodo bad malo/a badly meal slow lento/a___ slowly _despacio quick rapidosa quickly eran cael eutacosfo covey cence) quiet calado/a_ quietly Snslenclo. clear claro/a clearly Conclarided, generous generoso/a__ generously. generosamente habitual, habitualmente, regular" regular regularly regularmente confacilidad, NM filme good bueno/a well bien dduramente, mucho; hard duro/a,dificl hard = Guam : deprisa, fast rapidofa fast Datlaenke high alto/a high agranaltura, alto far Iejano/e far lejos + Los adverbios de modo modifican a los verbos, ya que describen la forma en que se realiza a accién. Suelen ir detras del verbo. Con ellos se responde a las preguntas que comienzan por How... ?(gC6mo..2).+ La mayoria son regularesy se forman afadiendo la terminacién -ly al adjetivo correspondiente. They come regularly. (Ellos vienen regularmente) He walks quietly. (El anda sin hacer ruido) Pero también hay adverbios iregulares, como los cinco tltimos de la tabla anterior. She lives far from school. (Ella vive lejos del colegio) must /mustn't i oon {must run | mustn't run Youmustrun You mustr’trun He must un He mustn't run She mustrun She mustn't run Itemust un Iemustntrun We must run We must’ run You mustn't run They mustn't run You must run They must run Este verbo modal en afirmativa significa "deber" y expresa la obligacién o la necesidad de hacer algo. En negativa, en cambio, tiene tn significado totalmente distinto: expresa prohibicién, que algo no esta permitide 0 que no se debe hacer porque no es conveniente o correcto. ‘Ademés, también puede utilizarse tanto en afirmativa como ennegativa para dar consejos. + Afirmativa: sujeto + must + verbo en la forma base. Como también es un verbo modal, no se aftade sen la 3* persona del singular You must study for the test. (Debes estudiar para el examen) + Negativa: sujeto + must not o la contraccién mustn't (la forma més habitual es la segunda) + verbo en la forma base. You mustn’teat at the library. (No debes comer en la biblioteca, [esta prohibido] You mustn't lie to the teacher. {No debes mentirle al profesor) [no es correcto} #UNIT7 El verbo to be en pasado GE Ste Pu Iwas Iwas net wasn't Youwere Youwerenot __Youweren't He was He was not He wasn’t ‘She was. ‘She was not ‘She wasn't temas Iewas not Itwasn't We were ‘We were not We weren't You were Youwerenot __Youweren't They were They werenot They weren't CTL SS ee Was? Yes, was. No, wasn't Were you Yes youwere. No, youweren't Was he... ? ‘Yes, he was. No, he wasn't. ‘Was she... ? ‘Yes, she was. No, she wasn't. Was t..? Yes it was. No, it wasnt. Were we. Yes,ne were.” No, we weren't. Were you? Yes,youwere. No, you weren't Were they...? Yes, they were, No, they weren't. Se utiliza para describir o contar hechos pasados. + Afirmativa: sujeto + was / were. Se utiliza was para la 1*y la 3# persona del singular y were para las dems. The shoes were very old. (Los zapatos eran muy viejos.) + Negativa: sujeto + was / were + la particula noto la contraccio= nt En la conversacién suele usarse le forma contrafda. The film wasn't very interesting. (La pelicula no fue muy interesante) + Interrogativa: Was / Were + sujeto. Was the president at the meeting? (GEl presidente estaba en la reunion?) + Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal su was / werea wasn't / weren't Were you at the beach? Yes, |was./No, wasn’t. (gEstuviste en la playa? Si./ No} + Para indicar en qué momento ocuirié la accién, las oracion== en pasado suelen llevar las siguientes expresiones temporai=s las que llevan ago (hace) al final de la expresién, last night week / month / year (anoche, la semana pasada, el mes / 2 pasado), yesterday (ayer), in the past (en el pasado), at + uns hora, in + un afi, on + un dia de la semans o una fecha, e=, Todas pueden irl principio oal final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final. Two weeks ago, we were at your house. (Hace dos semanas estuvimos en tu casa.) They weren'tat the park yesterday. (No estuvieron en el parque ayer)There was / There were There was acer. QO reese, een There wasn’t adog, i Theewerenttbi, —_ Therewasn't water Was there a bike? Were there windows? Wastherejulce? Yes, there was. / No, there wasn't. Yes, there were. / No, there weren't. + Afirmativa: There was va sequido de nombres contables en singular 0 no contables. There were va seguido de nombres contables en plural. Son las formas de pasado de There is y There are y, por lo tanto, significan *Habia” o”Hubo” + Negativa: There was / There were ~ la particula not (There was not / There were not) ola contraccién n't (There wasn't / There weren't). + Interrogativa: Was / Were + there. + Respuestas breves: se pone there + was / were en afirmativa y there + wasn’t / weren’t en negativa, #UNITS El Past Simple en afirmativa (verbos regulares) Cia washed You washed He washed She washed Itwashed We washed ‘You washed They washed + Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo acabadio en -ed en el caso de los vvetbos regulates, que es igual en todas las personas. I visited my aunt and uncle. (Visitéa mis tios) En los siguientes casos, hay que fjarse en estas reglas: ortograficas para afadir ed: ~Sies de I silabay acaba en 1 vocal + 1 consonante que no sea w,x0y, se dobla esta consonante: stop-stopped _plan-planned -Sies de 2 slabas, tiene el acento en a Ultima y termina en 1 vocal +1 consonante (que no sea w, xy), se dobla la tiltima consonante: prefer-preferred _permit-permitted ~ S| acaba en consonante + y, se cambia la y por una /: worry - worried try-tried - Siacaba en e muda, solo se afiade-d: bake baked live-lived Los usos del Past Simple | participated in a competition. (Participé en una competicion) We watched TV yesterday. Expresar acciones pasadas Decir qué se hizoen un momento conereto (Wimos la television ayer) Contaracciones pasadas | @"Tived home and prepared consecutivas, lunch. (Llegué a casa y preparé la comida) Inthe past, only men voted, (Enel pasado, solo los hombres votaban) Contar eémo eran las cosas enotro tiempo + Con el Past Simple se suelen usar estas expresiones temporales: [as que llevan ago (hace} al final de la expresién, lastnight / week / month / year (anache, la semana pasada, el mes / afio pasado), at + una hora, ‘on + un dia de la semana o una fecha, in +un afo, inthe past (en el pasado), yesterday (ayer), etc. Todas pueden irl principio oal final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final The arts course started ten days ago. (€l curso de arte empezé hace diez dias) El Past Simple en afirmativa (verbos irregulares) + Los verbos irregulares no siguen ninguna regla y, por eso, hay que aprender de memoria sus formas de pasado. En las paginas 188-189 hay una lista, y estos son algunos de los see saw ver hear heard oir read read leer 90 went ir begin began empezar have had tener + Elpasado de have got en afirmativa es had (sin“got"). Shad a cat vehen [was young. (Tenia un gato cuando era joven)#UNIT9 begoing to Ce am going to run \'m going torun You are going torun You're going to run He is going to run He's going to run She is going to run Itis going to run We are going to run She's going to run Its going to run We're going torun You are going to run You're going to run They are going to run They're going to run Cs | am not /'m not going to run You are not /You arent / You're not going to run He is not / He isnt / He's not going to run She is not / She isnt / She's not going to run itis not /Itisnt Its not going to run We are not /We aren't / We're not going to run You are not /You aren't / You're not going to run They ate not / They aren't / They're not going to run Amlgoingtorun? Yes, |am. No, Im not. Areyougoingtorun? Yes, youare. No, youaren't. Ishegoingtorun? _Yes, heis, No, he isn't. Isshegoingtorun? Yes, sheis. No, she isn't Isitgoing torun? Yes, itis. No, itisn’t. Arewegoingtorun? Yes, weare. —_No, wearen’t. Areyougoingtorun? Yes, youare. No, youaren't, Are they going torun? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. Significa“ira" + infinitive, Se utiliza para hablar de intenciones, planes o decisiones, + Afirmativa: sujeto +am /is / are + going to + verbo en la forma base. We are going to renta car. (Vamos a alquilar un coche) + Negativar sujeto +am /is /are + not on’t (que se puede afiadir aisy a are, pero no a am) +-going to + verbo en la forma base. Im notgoing to study medicine. (No voy a estudiar Medicina.) Ps then yor non.) + Interrogativa: Am /Is/ Are + sujeto + going to + verbo en le forma base. Ishegoing to workat the new restaurant? (El aaa trabajar en el restaurante nuevo?) Respuestas breves: se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + am /is / are o’m not / isn’t / aren't. Are you going to wear jeans? Yes, lam./ No, I'm not. (as allevar / ponerte vaqueros? St./No} + Con be going to se suelen usar las siguientes expresiones ‘temporales: later (més tarde, luego), soon (pronto, dentro de poco), this afternoon / evening (esta tarde / noche), {in +-un ao, tonight (esta noche), tomorrow (mariana), next week / month / year la semana / el mes /el ao que viene / préximo/a), in the future (en el futuro), on + un dia de la semana o una fecha, etc Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final Jam going to start dance classes next week. (Woy 2 empezar clases de baile la semana que viene) On Saturday, we're going to go to the cinema, (I sabado vamos a iral cine) El Present Continuous con valor de futuro + 1 Present Continuous (como ya se ha visto en la unidad 4) ‘€ usa para expresar lo que esté ocurtiendo en el momento de hablar. Se forma con to be + un verbo terminado en -ing, y se deben seguir unas reglas ortogréficas para aftadir orrectamente esa terminacién (It's raining, Shes living, etc). + Pero, ademés, el Present Continuous tiene valor de futuro Porque se usa para anunciar acciones fijadas con antelacién que ocurrirén en el futuro. am having lunch with him tomorrow. (Como / Comeré con él mariana) + Ladiferencia con el Present Continuous normal esté en que el que tiene valor de futuro debe llevar una expresién temporal de futuro que indique cudndo va a ocurrir la accion: at + una hora, this afternoon / evening (esta tarde / roche), on + un dia de la semana o una fecha, in + un mes, next week / month (la semana / el mes que viene / ppréximo/a), tomorrow (mafianal, in ten minutes (dentro de diez minutos), etc. The museum is closing in one hour. (Elmuseo cierra /cerraré dentro de una hora)- La diferencia con be going to es que no se trata solo de una intenci6n, sino de algo que va a ocurrir con toda seguridad porque se ha fijado de anternano. Con este valor se usan principalmente los verbos de movimiento. My grandparents are visiting us next Sunday. {Mis abuelos nos visitan /visitarén el préximo domingo.) [es seguro] ena Raging