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CHN

CHN Basic Concepts

SCOPE OFCHN PRACTICE

Focus: Promotion and Preservation of the health of populations.

Nature of practice: Comprehensive and General.
Knowledge base: from nursing and public health
Levels of clientele: individuals, family, population groups
and                                            

LEVELS OF CLIENTELE

1. COMMUNITY

– A group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and

common values and interests.

2. POPULATION GROUP

– A group of people sharing common characteristic and development

stage and common exposure to9 environmental factors , thus
resulting in common health problems.

3. FAMILY

– A number of persons joined together by bonds of marriage, blood

or adaptation.

– Two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing

and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part
of the family.

– Two major functions: reproduction and socialization.

4. INDIVIDUAL

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HEALTH IN THE CHN CONTEXT

HEALTH

-State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely

the absence of disease or infirmity.

– WHO

– Optimum level of individuals, families and communities.

– Modern Concepts of health

SUBSTANTIAL TIES OF CHN PRACTICE

1.       OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING

–          Nursing in the workplace

–          Clients: Workers in  all occupation

–                  Focus: Promotion , protection and restoration of worker’s

health within the context of a safe and healthy work environment.

DETERMINANTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING

PRACTICE

Government policies and standards

–          Department of Labor and Employment

–          Department of Health

–          Social Security System

–          Philippine Health Insurance Corporation

–          Employees Compensation Commission

Professional Standards

–          Occupational Health Nurses Association

–          Philippine Nurses Association

KEY ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

Health Protection

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–          Health risk management at work (health hazard identification,

health risk assessment, health surveillance, information, instruction
and training.

Health Promotion

–                  Assessment of health risk associated with the living

environment and lifestyle

2.       SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING

–          Clients: School children

–          Aim: Provide health and prevent health problem that would
hinder the learning process and performance of their developmental
task

–          Health is considered an important requisite for education.

DETERMINANTS OF SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING

–          Characteristics of the clientele

–          Policies of the Department of Education

–          Programs of  the Department of health

–          Standards of the Nursing profession

LEADING AILMENTS/DEFECTS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

–          Dental carries

–          Intestinal Helminthiasis

–          Colds

–          Pediculosis

–          Upper respiratory tract infection

DEFINITIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

1. Public health as the science and art of preventing disease,

prolonging life and efficiency to enable every citizen to realize his
birthright of health and longevity.

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–          Winslow

2. Public health is dedicated to the common attainment of the highest

level of physical, mental and social well-being and longevity.

GOAL: contribute to the most effective total development and life of

the individual and society.

        -Hamlon

3. Community health nursing is a learned practice discipline

–          Ultimate goal: contribute to the promotion of client’s optimum

level of  functioning

–          Through teaching and delivery of care

–          Jacobson

4. Community health nursing is a service rendered by a professional

nurse with the community, groups, families and individuals.
– GOAL: promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at
home and rehabilitation.

– Freeman

5. Philosophy of community health nursing is based on the worth and

dignity of man.

– Shetland

CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Community health nursing is based on recognized of

communities, families, groups and individuals needs
Family – unit of service
Health teaching- primary responsibility of the community health
nurse provision health education and change in behavior
ULTIMATE GOAL: Raise the level of health of the citizenry.

CRITERIA FOR PRIORITIZATION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS

1.            NATURE OF THE PROBLEM- categorized into health deficit,

health threat and foreseeable crisis

Health deficit                                3

Health threat                                 2

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Foreseeable crisis                         1

2.       MODIFIABILITY OF THE PROBLEM- refers to the probability

of success in minimizing, alleviating or totally eradicating the
problem through intervention

Easily modifiable                          2

Partially modifiable                      1

Not modifiable                              0

3.       PREVENTIVE POTENTIAL- refers to the nature and magnitude

of future problems that can be minimized or totally prevented if
intervention is done on the problem under consideration

High                                                 3

Moderate                                         2

Low                                                   0

4.            SALIANCE OF THE PROBLEM- refers to the family’s

perception and evaluation of the problem in terms of seriousness and
urgency of attention needed (most important)

A serious problem, immediate attention needed

A problem, but not needing immediate attention

Not a felt need / problem

CATEGORIES OF HEALTH PROBLEMS

1.       HEALTH DEFICIT

–          A gap between actual and achievable health status

–          Instances of failure in health maintenance

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Possible precursors of health deficit

–          History of repeated infections or miscarriages

–          No regular health check-up

Examples

Illness states, diagnosed or undiagnosed

Failure to thrive/develop (malnutrition)
Disability

–          _____ (aphasia or temporary paralysis after a CVA)

–          _____ (leg amputation secondary to diabetes, blindness from

measles, lameness from polio)

2..       HEALTH THREAT

Conditions that are conducive to disease, accident or failure to

realize one’s potential

Example

Family history of hereditary disease

Threat of cross infection
Accident hazards
Faulty eating habit
Poor environmental sanitation
Unhealthy lifestyle/ personal habit

3.       FORESEEABLE CRISIS

Anticipated periods of unusual demand on the individual or

family in terms of adjustment/family resources

Examples:

Marriage
Pregnancy
Parenthood
Divorce or separation

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Loss of job
Menopause
Death

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