— Everything which surrounds us — the environment and the | < diftesenk agpeds JOP envitonment »i}¢ structwe, Funchons + ite ie ee ;———-naifenance of 14s quality including eonversabion oF ks 4 | a gee Nob=living eons hHienks can be ‘llee eel a sdeme' & “Envirenmental studies’. __| |= The atoll, water all tiving and non-living things around | us consttule the environment. which influences our Wess | : ae the envitonment sureunding us that weg |_ Food to cat, water 4s drink, ait te breath and all necassiies OF our daily ives |= the environmen} around us conshives @."]iFe supped = The concern for enviranment is an expracs jan al a funda - - mental change in human perception of najwre shakwred | recoures and wildlife on out planet. = The traditional concept that hakwal for rman to Use! oF abuse has been bss pons: degeneration of nature. natural systems. en Wi Iq JiFe- = _Deparhiny. From the -tradlibiona|_percepten of Be scotia yet niahilsa Se emate.itealisate Wal thal‘isciplin Approach +- — Existence and behaviour of living and non-living | constituent of the envitonmen} are covered by Jaw of physical, chemical, geological and biolagical Geiences — Human behaviour and management oF human a | \ cociehes are covered by psycholagical, political and social sei ences — Rules framed for mainfenare of environment in a. healthy Slate wme under jurisdichon oF nalronad leqiglahon while agreements Kathed regarding common problems faced by fuo of more than too wunties ame ynder preview of international law: — pifferent aepects linked with sdences listed above have fo be taken intr censiderahn for any ——_l=-emallet animals include Amphibians like frogs toad, -—_—-Stlamanders, |izate wsnakes efe- Invertebrates abe -—— | eatth worms snails, millipedes, coleopteran and orthapk=| pf erane ete. | ot ae fe @tropieal tain forest ecosystems -- __= Sa —— Tropical _tajhforecke occut within a brad belt deli mifeg pet by the tropic oF cancer and the cophicorn on ejfie cide | fOF the equator ahd ate among. one of Hhe riches} ond moef | Gikelse biol region: oF the wond- Perey tcceive mote Hat 200-260 eme og tai fall per yea. Pa The tains ofe usually dictribufed evenly tyro Ughout a yeoh. eS The area of tHe world whee Hopical Poregte ¢ } largely eceupfed by poor developing counttfes - pj Peer_nuittrent staluc of He coil medic aang ityand_peopie. have t-depend \q ies OF the forest, wildlife 4pGrass jand ecagysteme-. nay ares Grass land byomes occur ih kg ions , which receive | annual rarhfall between as-65 eme- + oe ~ Grassland biomes ae Pound both in ¢rapical a6 well as temperate tegions of the Wwortd- ‘oe ~ The praittes « pam pas. steppes, puctzea etc -are Mote OF 1€SS Synonymous tems for these biomass, Which diPFer From each ofher 1 specres Composition and sume, conditions of the environment. ae - AS He name Indicates grasses are the dominant = plank Species OF thie biome- However there are @ number of herbaceous plants as well in the eysem- — Rooks of grasses and other herbs may pehepreles as deep as a mejere jn the soi |. Tho} is why grassland GIS ate among the thickest and richest Soils and have provided te humanity some of the richest agntultural areas of the wortd- = There has been an apptecfable teclucton in the pumbe ) of species oF planks and animals and jnsecks pn these systemns- CY Peset}+ ecocyst-ems:- — Deserhs ate atid bjomes. why'ch usually reterves fees than 25 cms of Fo/M annually Occupy appreximajely 1€ J- OF the total land | ace of our planet. Thele ale some deserts, w“puetrien} MSR saini! d alkalinity i plan} growth and dhe preped turned into a {male | fajlure which was done by united shatesin Akghanished, = Due ty fo duchvily jimiting Pacdor 1h desert bromasss the feof fitter jc thro and limited and as @ conceduehee Oguri matter conn} of the.corl fe Very lous 1B) Aquake bidmes:> z tf [= Covering mote than three toulth-oF the. eatths swPate| quale ecocyeseins ave nok only a dominun} feakure of ealth buf olsb very + trch_and diverse In thelr Gpecte =6 composihen and complexity. 3154 Be ech naier ecosystems = Fresh waler ecocystems Prvides an en ormous ore. Lag babifets sfm aquah'c organisms to gr = they may have Iubhihg water om Stagnent walehsot < epecitum of inotganic Salts, dissolved gases 40k matter present ih digsolved in h Lecbighly vat iabie. Primacy eae aq© marine ecogystems:- 7 = Marine ecogystems ate tre larges} reservoir oP water, plank putirente and siving things in the woHd- ~ Tokal biomass in jhese ayskems far exceeds those of “atl frechwaler evocysteme put togaher- ~ — Average. depth oF ocean is abouf- 375° meters with the moxitium depth exceeding ten thousand mefers- ‘ = The shoreline. bet” the land-and aceans 4 open sea < or the 2one belr jhe high Hde 4 low de is +ePerteal fe as the littoral zone: NeHtic zone is the zone of cea next to liHoral regyun. 4 pelagic zone is phe zone of ce sea. 7 G Es}uatthe ecacysfems:- = The kgim whee sea wafer meals with freshwater From Hives and seams by the adym of trdes ate fered fo as es}ucties. — These include gradualiy sloping riverbeds, u~chaped basins, :iver delta, shallow intand extension of cea are witd Fluuatrons iN salinity in there wa ates are highly productive ecacystems, which a 5 Produckve than either Prech wafer ar tri i as natrent traps. Plvducers iN include seqweeds, marsh gra fons, Whtch a